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Motor Speed Controller Circuit Top 10 Civil Engineering

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2010-09-11 Hobbyist & DIY Electronic Devices & Circuits

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Circuit Description

Parts List TAGS

Back EMF Looped, AC Motor Speed Controller CIVIL ENGINEERING (474)

Circuit
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (451)

Pulse Width Modulation Driver for Motor MARINE ENGINEERING (810)

Speed Control MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (1377)

Building an electronic circuit for achieving DC motor
speed control may seem quite simple, and you should
be able to find many such ordinary circuits dealing
with speed regulation. However, practically you will
find that simpler circuits have one serious drawback
– they are not able to control the motor speed
smoothly at lower levels, and as the desired speed is
decreased, the torque of the motor also decreases
proportionately. Due to this, at any unpredictable report

point the motor may just halt very abruptly. Also, CATEGORIES

during power ON, the motor may just not start up at

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lower speed settings and may require an initial boost
Design
by increasing the setting. Such situations are pretty
undesirable and do not constitute an ideal speed CAD and AutoCAD
control. Commercial Applications
& Electrical Projects

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Consumer Appliances &

Electronics
The proposed circuit can be considered almost a
Energy & Power Plants
perfect DC motor speed controller. It is basically a
PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) motor driver that Fluid Mechanics & How it
incorporates two separate stages for the generation Relates to Mechanical
of the pulses. An external variable DC voltage source Engineering
is effectively translated into a varying PWM signal.
Geotechnical Engineering
The circuit ensures a very well defined and smooth
control of the speed of the connected motor even at Hobbyist & DIY Electronic

almost zero speed levels, where the motor barely Devices & Circuits

moves, yet it never stops. The speed transitions can

be minutely adjusted with absolutely no “hiccups.”
Also, the circuit enables the motor to maintain a high
torque and allows starting up instantly when switched
ON, even at minimal speed settings. The circuit is
also equipped with a change-over switch to enable
instant flipping of the motor spin direction, whenever
required.
Circuit Description

The circuit functioning may be understood through

the following points:

A continuously variable DC voltage needs to be

applied externally at pin #11 of the IC to generate
proportionately varying PWM pulses. These pulses
are further processed and are effectively used to
control the connected motor speed right from zero to
maximum.

Referring to the figure we see, a dual timer IC 556

forms the heart of the circuit. As the name suggests,
the IC consists of two discrete timer sections. This
dual feature of the IC has been perfectly exploited
here to generate the required PWM pulses.

One half (left hand side) of the IC has been wired as

an astable multivibrator. The configuration is used to
generate stable and constant oscillations of around
100 Hz.
The above pulses suitably determine the required
PWM frequency.

Transistor T5 here performs the function of a

constant current source to charge C3.

T5 along with R4 and C3 forms a constant sawtooth

wave generator.

The other half (right hand side) of the IC is configured

as a voltage comparator.

A continuously variable DC voltage applied at the

control input pin #11 of this half of the IC and the
different levels of voltage at this point are compared
by the generated sawtooth voltage as explained
above.
The above operation results in a perfect PWM, which
becomes available at pin #9 of the IC.

6 gates from the IC4049 are used for buffering the

PWM output before it can be amplified.

Power transistors T1, T2 and T3, T4 are all used to

amplify the received PWM signal appropriately for
driving the connected DC motor whose speed needs
to be regulated.

These transistors are able to handle loads up to 6

Amps quite comfortably. Diodes D1-D4 are all kept to
ground for any generated back EMF (inductive
surges) by the motor and thus ensure safe operation
of the transistors.

A single flick to the switch S1 will enable a

“screeching” halt and an immediate subsequent
reversal of the motor spin direction, on either side,
depending upon the position of S1. This feature may
be difficult to find in many other DC motor speed
control circuits.

Parts List
All resistors are 1/4W, 5%, CFR, unless otherwise
specified.

R1, R2, R6, R7 = 1K,

R3 = 150K,

R4, R5 = 150E,

C1 = 0.1µ,

C2, C3 = 0.01µ,

C4 = 1uF/25V, non-polar

T5 = BC 557B,

T1, T2 = TIP 122,

T3, T4 = TIP 127,

D1 —- D4 = 6 AMP, 300V,

Z1 = 3V/400mw

N1—-N4 = 4049,

IC1 = 556

S1 = SPDT

Back EMF Looped, AC Motor Speed

Controller Circuit

SCR Controlled, Closed Loop Type, AC Motor Speed

Controller Circuit Diagram

The shown circuit of a back EMF, closed loop AC

motor speed controller is presented on request from
Mr. Amir, the circuit has the following salient features:
Can be operated with high current AC loads,

The torque is directly proportional to the load,

The back EMF from the motor winding is used as

reference for automatically adjusting the torque, as
the load is increased.

Parts List

R1 = 56K,

R2 = 33K,

R3 = 15K,

R4 = 22K,

D1, D2, D3 = 1N4007,

T1 = BC547B,

SCR = As per the specified load current

C1 = 104/1KV, PPC

C2 = 100uF/100V

L1 = 30 to 50 uH, 6 Amp.

Do you have any such requests? Do let us know, if

feasible will be produced here in Bright Hub.
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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