MAINS 2022 23: Quality Enrichment Program (Qep)

QUALITY ENRICHMENT
PROGRAM (QEP)
MAINS 2022/23
TARGET 600+ IN GS & ESSAY
Theme:
Internal
MK Yadav Security
Ex-IB Vigilance Officer, GoI
Orientation Session
15th June | 5:30 pm
Batch Starts
20th June
SAMPLE HANDOUT
QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2022
Under the Guidance of M K YADAV
S.# WHAT UPSC COVERED QEP COVERAGE Pg #

DEMANDS? IN QEP?
1 Facts to Support ✅ KEY FACTS 2
Arguments
2 Relevant Keywords for ✅ THEME WISE KEYWORDS 4
Mature Answers
3 Case Studies / Good ✅ CASE STUDIES & BEST PRACTICES: LOCAL, NATIONAL & 6
Examples INTERNATIONAL
4 Alignment with Govt. ✅ SPEECHES OF PM, VP & PRESIDENT 9
Broad Policies
5 Concrete Way Forward ✅ USING ACRONYMS: AS WAY FORWARD 11
6 ✅ NATIONAL SECURITY: Key Elements, Internal & External 12
Quality Core Content Security, National Security Doctrine
7 with Micro Diagrams ✅ BORDER MANAGEMENT & COASTAL/MARITIME SECURITY: 16
for Multidimensional Border Management (Challenges, measures, recent initiatives);
Answers Coastal security (Need, challenges, Initiatives post 26/11)
8 Understanding UPSC ✅ PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2013-2021) 21
Trends - Some Expected Questions For 2022/23
9 Express MORE in ✅ TOPPERS’ HANDWRITTEN ANSWERS 25
LIMITED TIME & Space
OUR UPSC CSE MAINS 2022 ENRICHMENT COURSES
200+ TOTAL
SELECTIONS
Published by: www.theiashub.com I Contact: Delhi – 9560082909, Bengaluru – 8826073092, Bhopal/Indore – 9289785379, Mumbai/Pune – 9222333999
theIAShub © 2021 | All Rights Reserved
1
1 INTERNAL SECURITY: KEY FACTS
LEFT WINGS EXTREMISM (LWE)
Geographical Spread • 40 districts affected in 2021 (drastically down from over 200 districts in the early
[MHA] 2000s).
Consistent declining Trend (from the all-time high of 2009).

Trends in LWE Violence • Incidents of LWE violence – declined by >75% in 2021.
& Death [MHA] • LWE related Deaths (Security Forces & civilian casualties) – declined by >85% in 2021
• Telangana: Greyhound Forces

• Andhra Pradesh: SOG special units
Special Forces to tackle
• Maharashtra’s Gadchiroli district: C-60 force
Naxal violence
• West Bengal: STRACO
• Chhattisgarh: District Reserve Guards (DRG)
NORTH EAST INSURGENCY

Insurgency-related
• Reduced by 80% in 2020, compared to 2014.
incidents [MHA]
Casualties • Civilian Deaths - Reduced by 99% in 2020, compared to 2014
[MHA] • Security forces - Reduced by 75% in 2020, compared to 2014
Surrender by Insurgents • More than 2,500 insurgents belonging to various outfits surrendered to security
[MHA] forces in 2020.
BORDER MANAGEMENT
India has a large and complex land border,

covering around 15,000 km, which it shares
with 7 countries - Bangladesh, China, Pakistan,
Land Border
Nepal, Myanmar Bhutan, & Afghanistan.
Ceasefire Violations • Declined from a high of 5000+ incidents in 2020, to nearly negligible number after
along Indo-Pak endorsement of ceasefire agreement in 2021.
• Indo-Pak border - 4-fold decline in the cross border infiltration attempts in J&K since
Cross Border
2018.
Infiltration
• Indo-Bangladesh Border – Highest cases of infiltration attempts in 2021.
• Around 5.5 million people (0.44% of total population).
Illegal Migration • Of these, 42% came from Bangladesh and 13% from Pakistan. The number of
(Census 2011) immigrants from Afghanistan was low at about 6,500.
2
MARITIME/COASTAL SECURITY
• Length: 7500 km (9 coastal states and 4 UTs) ➔ 7th Longest in the World.
Coastline • 1/5th of the population and 3 of India’s metropolitan cities settled along the coast.
• Nearly 200 ports, including 12 major ports.
• Designated authority responsible for overall maritime security: Indian Navy
- Indian Navy is assisted by Indian Coast Guard (ICG), Coastal Police and other
Security Set-up
Central and State agencies
• Coastal security in territorial waters: ICG
ORGANISED CRIME
Money laundering & • India ranked 70 (out of 141 countries).
terror financing • India along with Afghanistan and Pakistan is listed by the US as major money
[Basel AML Index’20] laundering jurisdictions
• India’s vulnerability - Lies between World’s major opium production regions
Drug Abuse - 'Golden Crescent' (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran)
[World Drug Report - 'Golden Triangle' (Laos, Myanmar, Thailand).
2021] • India ranked among the 10 countries reporting the biggest opioid seizures in the
world in 2019.
DEFENCE
Expenditure (10- • Allocation in Budget 2022-23: Increasing trend - Approx. 14% of the total central
year trend) government expenditure.
[Ministry of • However, as a proportion of India's GDP: Declining Trend - Approx. 2% of GDP
Defence]
India Vs World
• India Third-biggest military spender in 2021, exceeded only by the US and China.
[Stockholm
• India Largest importer of Arms (2017-2021) – 11% of Total arms sales
International Peace
• Largest Exporters to India - Russia (46%) and France (27%).
Research Institute
(SIPRI)]
CYBER - SECURITY
Cyber security incidents • Cybercrimes increased by 7 times between 2018 - 2021, esp. during COVID [CERT-In]
• Key Motive (NCRB 2020) – Fraud (>60%), sexual exploitation (6.5%).
Threat of ransomware • India is among the top 3 countries affected by ransomware.
attacks in India • >75% of companies suffered ransomware attacks in 2021.
[PCI Security Standards • Cost of recovery from such attacks more than tripled - >$3 million in 2021 from $1
Council] million in 2020.
• Most active ransomware groups in India – Lockbit 2.0, Avaddon and Conti
• May 2021 – The Air-India data breach after a sophisticated cyber-attack on SITA –
Major cyber-attacks in the Switzerland based company providing passenger services system.
India • March 2021 – Ransomware attack on Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation,
Smart City project in Pune district, managed by Tech Mahindra.
• October 2020 – Ransomware attack on Haldiram’s popular food major.
Threat of cyber-attacks • Critical infra-threat: 40,000 cyber-attacks targeted the IT infra of banking sector
on digital transaction in • Legal gap: In 60-70% of cyber security fraud cases, the service provider is located
India outside India and authorities need to go through the MLAT (Mutual Legal Assistance
[NITI Aayog] Treaty) process, which takes months or years.
3
2 THEME WISE KEYWORDS
Sr. # KEYWORDS
1 From risk-blind to a risk-informed
2 Arc of Violence
3 Trophy Attacks
4 Early Childhood Indoctrination vs Strategic De-radicalisation
5 Lone Wolf Attacks
6 Paramilitary Panacea
7 Militarisation of Digital Space
8 Trigger Happy Culture
9 Digihad
10 Bleeding Edge Technology
11 Cyber Space as 5th Domain of Warfare
12 Cyber Deterrence (Hitech dimension of power projection)
13 Cyber-Arsenal, Cyber Vulnerability, Cyber Sparring
14 Uneasy/Troubled/Volatile Neighbourhood
15 Flashpoint for future conflicts
16 Arena for strategic rivalry
17 Life Vs. Livelihood Challenge (Ref. COVID Pandemic, Tobacco, Alcohol)
18 Borderless world
19 Age of hyper-information
20 Threat Multiplier
21 Hindi-speaking “Cow Belt”
22 Radical and Revisionist agenda
23 Critical geostrategic spaces (for implementing foreign policy)
24 Space for every shade of opinion (Peace Talks)
Key Theatres for Strategic Competition (between any 2 countries e.g. Africa for India &
25 China).
Carrot & Stick Policy è Socio economic Develop & Peace Negotiations + Proportionate Use
26 of Force.
27 Cycle of Violence
28 Knee-Jerk Approach
29 Hammer and Tongs Strategy
30 Brute Force strategy
31 Mutually Assured Destruction
32 Winning Hearts & Minds (WHAM)
33 State as a “development agent”, State as a “benevolent power”
34 Strategic Courage
35 Contactless Warfare
36 Remote Control war strategy
37 Asymmetric Warfare ; Power Asymmetry
38 Disinformation Infodemic
4
39 Raising Teeth-to-tail ratio

40 Land Oriented War focus vs Maritime Domain awareness & Maritime Adventurism
41 Surveillance Footprint
42 Strategy of Attrition and Exhaustion
43 Coercive Diplomacy, Try-and-See Approach
44 Synergised Politico-Diplomatic-Military approach
45 Computational propaganda (Social Media driven Political manipulation)
46 Synthetic Media
47 Two-front situation
48 Growth as an Antidote
49 Media Singularity
50 Clickbait Journalism
51 Collective narcissism
==========================================================================================
HUGE NEW UPDATES AVAILABLE!
QEP NEW & UPDATED!
5
3 CASE STUDIES & BEST PRACTICES
NATIONAL & LOCAL
3.1 DE-RADICALISATION PROGRAMMES

• Maharashtra
- Deradicalisation programme run by the state’s Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS), part of state Police.
- The cases are led by “friend officers,” sensitised versions of general case officers.
- 4 Pillars developed around the ‘candidate’ - family, psychologists, clergy, and the police.
- Final tier of the programme deals with financial stability, with offers of skill development courses,
small loans, and help in setting up a basic business.
- Since the local police/beat officers are often hired from within the local community, parents do not
hesitate to contact helplines if they find their child sharing or consuming extremist propaganda.
• Kerala
- Challenges – Kerala witnessed rise in a number of pro-ISIS cases & ISIS sympathisers.
- “Operation Pigeon,” orchestrated by the Kerala state police, have saved the lives of 350 youths by
approaching them before they were radicalised via social media monitoring.
3.2 YOUTH ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT

• Winning Hearts and Minds (WHAM), Union Government
- Aim – To reduce the alienation of Kashmiris, foster state legitimacy, and build a narrative of the
state being a “development agent” and “benevolent power”.
- Multi-pronged strategy - Promote cross border trade, reservation in educational institutions, skill
enhancement and employment schemes, education scholarships, and livelihood schemes such as
USTTAD, Udaan, and Nai Manzil.
• Mission Youth - J&K Government
- Mission Youth established as a specialized agency by J&K Government aimed to simultaneously
achieve the twin goals of
✓ Harnessing the rich demographic dividend, and
✓ transforming youth of J&K into ambassadors of innovation, peace and development.
- Initiatives
✓ Youth data portal – creating a database of youth so as to map their support requirements
✓ District Youth Centres - for youth engagement at district level.
✓ Parvaaz Scheme - Assistance of youth in reputed coaching institutes for UPSC/state PSC exams
✓ Mumkin Scheme through which small commercial vehicles are provided to beneficiaries, with
banking partner extending loan facility up to 100% of the vehicle’s on-road price.
✓ TEJASWINI Scheme - to promote entrepreneurship among young women.
✓ AVSAR (Connect to Opportunities Initiative), has signed a MOU with Vision India for providing
job opportunities to the youth of J&K.
• Operation Sadhbhavana (Goodwill), Indian Army in J&K
- Setting up of Residential schools and goodwill schools - In 2020, the Chief of Defence Staff declared
that no students from these schools have either joined the insurgency or engaged in stone-pelting.
6
- 100 “national integration” tours for young Kashmiris every year, where they are introduced to
history, culture, and development opportunities across India.
- Meeting the basic needs of the people: providing medical care, micro-hydro projects, electricity,
water, transparent and friendly governance, and sponsoring children orphaned by the conflict.
• ‘Mission Pehal’, by Indian Army & Elixir Foundation (A Gujarat Based NGO)
- A first of its kind Youth Interaction Programme (Ek Kadam Aman Ki Aur), launched in 2021.
- A Town Hall set up where Officers conducted face-to-face interactions with the Kashmiri youth
to encourage them to express their grievances and the reasons they may have for any mistrust.
- The Army officers also articulated their perspective and assured assistance.
3.3 COMMUNITY POLICING
• Umeed, Delhi Police • Parivar Paramarsh Kendra, Raigarh district,

• Maithri: Andhra Pradesh Madhya Pradesh
• Janamaithri Suraksha Padhathi, Kerala • Community Liaison Groups, Uttarakhand
• Friends of Police Movement (FOP), Ramnad • Gram/Nagar Raksha Samiti, Rajnandgaon,
district, Tamil Nadu Chhattisgarh
• Community Policing, Bengaluru with People as • Community Policing Project: West Bengal
Suraksha Mitras • Meira Paibi: Manipur
3.4 COUNTERING INSURGENCY

• ‘Andhra Model’ of Countering Left Wing Extremism
- The Model is a mix of security, development and political approaches.
- This was duly backed up with quality training, and capacity development, to transform the State’s
counter-terrorism force, the ‘Greyhounds’, into a model for others to emulate.
- Impact - It transformed Andhra Pradesh from a worst LWE affected State to a least affected one.
• West Bengal’s 3-pronged strategy of counter-insurgency
1. Overhaul of security strategy by setting up an elite police team to pursue the rebel leaders.
2. A surrender and rehabilitation package to the rebels, promising jobs and entrepreneurial
opportunities to those who would surrender.
3. Comprehensive confidence-building measures with the people living in the Maoist-infested
Jangalmahal region comprising the districts of Purulia, West Midnapore and Bankura.
- Impact - From a peak of 425 Maoist-related violent incidents, it came down to zero by end of 2018.
• Odisha – Strengthening Security Apparatus by involving different groups
- Odisha Special Security Force (OSSF) comprising retired defense personnel, formed to guard
important installations like armouries, jails and police stations in the Naxal-affected districts.
- Odisha Auxiliary Police Force (OAPF) comprising over 4,000 tribal youths as constables.
- Anti-extremist tactics training made mandatory for the directly recruited officers of Odisha Police.
- Building Infrastructure to reach ‘cut off’ Naxal regions – For eg. Gurupriya Bridge in Malkangiri,
helipads to meet any contingency etc.
- Increase in Deployment of CRPF & BSF
- Outreach programmes to earn the trust and confidence of the tribals & generous surrender and
rehabilitation policy for Naxals.
7
INTERNATIONAL
• Sri Lankan programme of Counter Insurgency

- Embodied the “Sri Lankan spirit” by replacing the “classical retributive justice model” with a
“restorative justice model.”
- ‘6+1’ tenets designed - education, vocation, psychosocial and creative therapies, society, culture
and family, spirituality and religion, recreation and finally, community rehabilitation.
- Other Mechanism - deradicalization programmes, collaboration with private sector etc.
• USA, Using Counter Narrative Communication
- Center for Strategic Counterterrorism Communications (USA), in 2012, responded within 48 hours,
to banner advertisements promoting extremist violence posted on various websites by Al-Qaida in
the Arabian Peninsula (active in Yemen), with counter-advertisements on the same websites,
featuring an altered version of that same message, to convey that the victims of the terrorist
organization’s activities were actually Yemeni nationals.
- The counter-narrative campaign involved inter agency cooperation among the United States
Department of State, the intelligence community and the military.
- It also used media platforms such as Facebook & YouTube for counter-narrative communications.
==========================================================================================
8
4 SPEECHES OF PM, VP & PRESIDENT

4.1 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER
• On the importance of Maritime Security – “Today, our security and prosperity are linked to oceans”.
• PM Modi’s 5 basic principles for maritime security (at UNSC meet):
1. Free maritime trade sans barriers so as to establish legitimate trade
2. Settlement of maritime disputes should be peaceful and on the basis of international law only
3. Responsible maritime connectivity should be encouraged
4. Need to collectively combat maritime threats posed by non-state actors and natural calamities
5. Preserve maritime environment and maritime resources.
• On the current state of North East Insurgency – Today, there is no fire of extremism and insecurity, but
the light of peace and development in the North East region due to the constant efforts of the double
engine government.
• On Self Reliance in Defence production - “Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance) is extremely important if seen
from the prism of national security.
4.2 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE VICE PRESIDENT

• On India’s Current Security Challenges
- Today, geostrategic and geopolitical compulsions, terrorism and climate change, have added to the
complexity of the security matrix.
- We are facing both symmetric and asymmetric threats from outside and within.
• On Nature of wars & India’s preparedness –
- Wars today are no longer fought on battlefields alone. The hybrid nature of conflicts often makes
it difficult to decide clear winners or losers in the conventional sense.
- Information and cyber warfare, increasing use of drones and robotics and space-based assets have
brought a paradigm shift to the battlefield.
• On the Nature & Future of Indian Forces
- Our valiant soldiers have scripted several chapters of glory in the annals of our history with their
sacrifices (Can be used for Essay).
- It should be our vision to develop the Indian military into a 'future force’. Our armed forces should
develop capabilities in these new and emerging areas of conflict.
• On Self Reliance in Defence production - Self-reliance in defence and aerospace technology assumes
paramount importance in our endeavour to create a SAMARTH, SAKSHAM BHARAT.
• On Women soldiers - India has had a glorious tradition of women warriors in history (Can be used in
historical based introductions or anecdotes for Essay).
- The Greek historian Megasthenes tells us that the great king Chandragupta Maurya was guarded by
a group of female warriors who were specially trained in the art of war.
- During the medieval period and anti-colonial struggle, Indian women had shown great courage,
resilience and fighting spirit. Rani Durgavati of Gondwana, Rani Abbakka, the Tuluva queen, Rudrama
Devi, Kittur Chennama, Rani VeluNachiyar, Laxmibai and Begum Hazrat Mahal are some of the
glowing examples of outstanding military generals who earned praise even from their enemies.
• On Police force - A progressive, modern India must have a police force which meets the democratic
aspirations of the people.
==========================================================================================
9
10
5 USING ACRONYMS: AS WAY FORWARD

5.1 STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE BORDER MANAGEMENT
Way forward: - SECURITY
• S - Security forces on borders
• E - Economic development of border areas - to take into confidence the local people on the border
villages. Fast track implementation of Shetkar Committee recommendations on Border Infrastructure.
• C - Cooperation and joint operations among agencies of neighbouring states eg. Operation Sunrise with
Myanmar, and leveraging regional forums like SCO, BIMSTEC, EAS, BCIM to enhance social, economic
and regional security.
• U - Upgraded surveillance and infrastructure - Smart border management techniques (use of new age
technologies and equipment’s like drones, night vision cameras, motions detectors etc.). CIBMS is a step
in the right direction.
• R - Regional integration with rest of the country – Establishing Physical and emotional connect – NE,
LWE, J&K. Streamlining standard operating procedures in consultation with all the stakeholders.
• I - Intelligence and information sharing - Co-ordination among internal agencies (Customs,
Immigration, Armed forces, Para-military forces and intelligence agencies, state police etc.)
• T - Trade points across border – to facilitate legitimate trade, and forge dependency links.
• Y - Youth engagement to target illegal migration, Drug abuse, trafficking, smuggling etc.
5.2 COUNTERING NORTH EAST INSURGENCY

Way forward: - PAUSED
• P – Peace Accord Conclusion & Implementation – With the consent of all stakeholders.
• A – Administration & Governance Effectiveness
• U – Utilizing Institutional Structure for North East – NE Council, NITI Forum for Northeast, Districts and
Regional Autonomous Councils etc.
• S – Securing International Collaboration – For socioeconomic development & counter insurgency. Eg.
Operation Sunrise with Myanmar, ‘Operation Insaniyat’ to resolve Rohingya crises etc
• E – Economic Development for Empowerment
• D – Development Oriented Security Forces – for better perception management
==========================================================================================
11
6 NATIONAL SECURITY
6.1 WHAT IS NATIONAL SECURITY?

• National Security is an all-encompassing term that includes the protection of a nation (its Territory,
resources, assets, institutions, ideologies and interests) and its citizens from a range of multi-
dimensional threats and coercion.
• The ‘Core parameters’ of national security are unity, integrity and sovereignty of the country.
• Tools to ensure National Security – Military power, Economic Power, Political power, Diplomatic Power,
etc. ➔ Thus, National Security & National Power are inextricably linked.
6.2 ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
MILITARY ELEMENTS
• Military/Defense Security:
- Oldest element of National Security. A
key element as it can influence the
human psyche of fear and protection.
- Implies the capability of a nation-state
to defend itself, deter military
aggression or to enforce its policy
choices by use of military force.
- Associated primarily with managing
physical threats ie. Border & Coastal
Security, Terrorism, etc.
NON-MILITARY ELEMENTS
• Economic Security: It refers to
- Ability to protect a nation’s wealth, economic freedom (of State & Citizens), economic sectors,
jobs, and incomes from adverse global & domestic Factors. For eg. Economic cycle, Trade
protectionism, Multinational agreements, financial sector distress, foreign exchange risks etc.
- Securing rapid & inclusive growth, eradicating poverty, eliminating income inequality, and ensuring
an assured income, or other resources, to support a decent standard of living.
• Energy Security: Manage uninterrupted supply of affordable, reliable & clean energy, and ensure
security for international and domestic energy assets.
- Lack of energy security is linked to the negative economic & social impacts.
• Environmental security: Environmental degradation like deforestation, acid rain, depletion of the
protective ozone layer, global warming, and consequent extreme weather phenomenon that has
impacted life and property, has necessitated the need for Environmental security, both National and
Transnational.
• Disaster Security: The loss due to disaster (Natural or Manmade) have implications on Socioeconomic
factors and are generally irreversible. Mitigation strategy, quick response, capacity building play an
important role in this type of security.
12
• Ethnic Security: It is an element of internal national security. Various ethnic groups, holding their
unique cultural identities, may face vulnerabilities on basis of their race, religion, caste, origin, age, edge,
etc. Thus, protection to these groups is necessary to avoid sectional conflicts and promote national
harmony.
• Cyber Security: It means securing the cyberspace (for government & citizens) from attack, damage,
misuse and economic espionage by internal or external threats. It refers to protection of critical
information infrastructure (CII) of a nation.
• Heath Security: Assurance of minimum protection from diseases (communicable & non communicable);
access to universal, affordable and quality healthcare; clean water & sanitation; population control, and
reduce worsening of social health indicators.
• Information Security: Refers to protection of information that affects national security, economic
interests, scientific interests, conduct of international relations, and citizen’s right to privacy. Another
part of information security is reducing gaps between the information rich and the information poor.
➔ Data as a Public Good.
• Resource Security: Sustenance of a state is based on its capacity to utilise its resources at its best. For
eg. resources like water are a reason for conflict both internal (Karnataka-Tamil Nadu on river Cauvery)
and international (India – Pakistan on Jhelum river and Arab – Israel conflict) ➔ ‘Water Wars’.
• Political security: It refers to
- Ensuring security of National sovereignty from unlawful internal or external threats.
- Maintaining stability of the government through diplomacy, negotiations etc. with state & non state
actors.
- Honouring the basic human rights of the citizens by the State.
• Geostrategic Security: Military cooperation, defense purchases, training etc. Also includes aspects like
goodwill and bargaining power a nation has in community of nations and international organisations.
• Food Security: Poverty and lack of availability, access, and absorption of food among population causes
food insecurity. Food security involves all those measures that aim to avoid starvation and provide
nutrition.
6.3 NATIONAL SECURITY: INTERNAL & EXTERNAL SECURITY

INTERNAL SECURITY
• It is concerned with threats and challenges from internal or foreign actors/entities, and has the potential
to threaten public order and national security within a nation’s boundary.
• In India, internal security comes under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Home Affairs.
Major internal security challenges:

• Secessionist & separatist movements: J&K separatism, North East insurgency, Punjab’s Khalistan
movement etc.
• Left-wing extremism (LWE) – in 11 states, to capture State Power through armed struggle.
• Threats posed by fringe elements – caste crimes, religious conflicts, communal tensions, ethnic
conflicts, mob lynching, cow vigilantism etc.
• Trans-border illegal immigration – Bangladesh, Myanmar into North eastern states fomenting conflict
over resources, livelihood, and ethic identities.
13
EXTERNAL SECURITY
• It refers to security of a nation against aggression by a foreign country.
• In India, External Security comes under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Defense.
Major External security challenges

• Troubled Neighbourhood –
- To its west, north and north east, India has unsettled borders with Pakistan & China that could be
a flashpoint for future conflicts.
- To its east there is a potential danger of refugee influx (Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal etc.)
- To its south is the Indian Ocean that is becoming an arena for strategic rivalry and maritime security
concern (piracy, trafficking, terrorism etc)
• Conflicts in Other Countries –
- Highly volatile W. Asia with regional rivalries between major players – S. Arabia, Iran, Israel, Syria,
US, Russia etc – impacting Energy security & Security of Diaspora.
- Ukraine-Russia Crises – impact on Diaspora, inflation, post COVID economic recovery etc.
• Militarization/Weaponization of Outer space – India upgraded its ability to neutralise potential threat
to its space assets from long range missiles by launching anti-satellite missile under “Mission Shakti”.
With this, India joins an exclusive group of space faring nations consisting of USA, Russia and China.
CHALLENGES CROSS CUTTING INTERNAL & EXTERNAL THREATS

• Terrorism – by State & non state actors. Direct acts of terrorism aided and abetted by Pakistan, and
China’s support to NE insurgent and extremist groups in Nagaland, Assam, Manipur etc.
• Organized Crime – Drugs, human and weapon Trafficking, Money laundering, terror financing, fake
notes etc.
• Cyber security – Threat to critical infrastructure, privacy, data protection, and issues relating to fake
news, rumour mongering, recruitment & radicalization of youth by nefarious organizations etc.
6.4 NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY/DOCTRINE: NEED & CHALLENGES

NATIONAL SECURITY DOCTRINE (NSD) Recent Developments
• It is a stated principle of government policy which specifies • Pakistan recently launched its first
the country’s vision, objectives and broad framework of the National Security Policy, 2022 that
action to be taken to ensure the security of its people and places economic security of the country
territory against all kinds of crises. at the core.
• NSD encompasses the totality of a particular country’s • On India, the policy intends to improve
military, diplomatic, economic and social policies that will its relationship, although it places the
protect and promote country’s national security interests. It J&K issue at the core of the bilateral
helps the government to identify and prioritize the relationship.
country’s geopolitical interests.
• However, despite being affected by various internal & external security threats and terrorist attacks,
India does not have any such ‘strategy/doctrine’ yet.
• Most recently, the uncoordinated nature of the response to the Uri, Pathankot and Pulwama attacks
has raised the debate on formulation on National Security Doctrine in India.
NEED FOR A NATIONAL SECURITY DOCTRINE (NSD)

• Constitutional mandate - National Security is a subject in the Union List (7th schedule) of the Indian
Constitution. This entry puts the constitutional obligation on the government to ensure the national
security of its people.
14
• Removes Adhoc-ism - India has seen crisis after crisis resulting from militancy, insurgency, terrorist
attacks, unsettled border disputes etc. For eg. terrorist attack on Pathankot air base, Uri & Pulwama
attacks, 26/11 Mumbai blasts, insurgency in the Northeast etc. NSD would help India move from the
current ‘adhoc responses’ to more practical and proactive approach in dealing with these security
challenges.
• Strategic approach - India is criticised as a country lacking a strategic mindset, a National Security
doctrine would define the long term goals of our national security, thus, inculcating a strategic culture.
• Coordinated response & fixing of accountability - NSD will seek to eliminate the confusion around the
responsibilities & accountability of various agencies in event of a security threat by establishing a
cohesive command and control structure. For eg. Lack of clarity on command and control structure
resulted in failure to quickly neutralize the terrorists in Pathankot attack.
• Deterrence effect - It will also help in formulating a credible deterrent and effective response to state
& non-state actors.
• Consistent policies & approaches - It will help in maintaining consistency in country’s national security
policy irrespective of which political party is in government. Changing positions on dealing with Pakistan,
China, LWE, J&K insurgency has impacted India’s ability to effectively neutralize these threats.
• Global threats - As India’s needs and interests grow, India would have to protect its assets in far off
parts of the world. NSD will provide a clear vision to ensure this.
• Global profile - It will help in defining India’s role in the world and its commitment to protecting the
life, liberty and interests of its people.
CHALLENGES
• Building consensus among all security agencies: As was seen during Pathankot attack, there is no
established hierarchy among security agencies. Hence, it may be difficult to build a consensus among
them.
• Political consensus: Similarly, it is difficult to build consensus among different political parties. For
example, there is no common agreement on how to treat challenges from Pakistan and China.
• Changing geo-political realities: In recent years, it is seen that geo-political realities are changing at
much faster rate as compared to the past (for eg. relations with China post Galwan Valley border
confrontation, Nepal on Kalpani dispute, Maldives after election of democratic government etc.). With
change in regime, political alliances and alignment of the countries also change. Considering this, it is
difficult to formulate NSD.
CONCLUSION
Despite these challenges, the immediate requirement for the government is to put together a National Security
Doctrine that should have political consensus, publicly transparent and should reflect the complex challenges
facing the country. The doctrine must be accompanied by a national security strategy so that emerging and
existing security challenges can be aptly handled.
==========================================================================================
15
7 BORDER MANAGEMENT & COASTAL/MARITIME SECURITY

7.1 BORDER MANAGEMENT
• Aim of border management
- Securing India’s borders against interests hostile to the country, and facilitating legitimate trade,
commerce & movement of people from India to other countries, and vice versa.
- This calls for coordination and concerted action by various administrative, diplomatic, security,
intelligence, legal, regulatory, and economic agencies of India.
- It also includes cross border cooperation with the neighbouring countries.
• The MHA is responsible for:
(i) Management of international lands and coastal borders
(ii) Strengthening of border guarding
(iii) Creation of infrastructure such as roads, fencing, and lighting of borders.
• Approach and practices of border management vary from one border to another, based on the security
perceptions and relationship with the neighbouring country.
NEED & CHALLENGES OF BORDER MANAGEMENT
BORDER MANAGEMENT MEASURES BY GOI: 3 ESSENTIAL PROCESSES

1. Deployment of border guarding forces - Guarding of the Indian borders is undertaken by the various
border guarding forces, which are deployed along different borders as below:
• Border Security Force (BSF): The security of Bangladesh and Pakistan border
• Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP): The security of the China border
• Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB): Nepal and Bhutan border.
• Assam Rifles (AR): Indo-Myanmar Border.
• LoC on the Indo-Pakistan border and the LoAC on the Indo-China border is protected by the Indian
Army (along with BSF & ITBP forces, respectively)
16
• Indian Navy is responsible for overall maritime security, which includes coastal & offshore security.
• Indian Coast Guard (ICG) – additionally designated for coastal security in India’s territorial waters
including areas to be patrolled by the Coastal Police.
• The coastal State (Marine) Police acting as the second line for coastal patrol.
2. Border Surveillance and Management ➔ Multi-pronged approach
• Surveillance
- Round-the-clock surveillance and regular patrolling on the borders and establishment of
observation post.
- Use of Electronic surveillance equipment such as night vision devices, handheld thermal
imagers, surveillance radars, direction finders, unattended ground sensors and high-powered
telescopes.
• Intelligence gathering & Sharing - upgradation of intelligence setup and enhanced coordination
with the state governments and concerned intelligence agencies.
• Border security
- Construction of border fencing and floodlighting.
- Technological solutions, such as Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System
(CIBMS), for vulnerable areas where physical fencing is not feasible (along Indo-Pakistan
border and Indo-Bangladesh border).
- Use of watercrafts/boats and floating Border Out Posts (BOPs) for domination of riverine area
of the border.
• Conduct of joint operations with neighbouring countries.
Recent Initiatives Along the Borders

• Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS)
- Planned in the aftermath of Pathankot attack, to stop infiltration on 2900 km western border (from Gujrat
to J&K) with Pakistan and, more recently, Bangladesh.
- It aims at 24x7x365 surveillance of the border through advanced technology such as: CCTV Cameras,
Thermal imaging, Night vision devices, Battlefield Surveillance Radar, Underground monitoring sensors,
Smart fencing etc.
- Laser barriers will cover 130 unfenced sections including riverine and mountain terrain— often used by
the infiltrators.
- BOLD-QIT (Border Electronically Dominated QRT Interception Technique) – will enable BSF to equip Indo-
Bangla borders with different kind of sensors in unfenced riverine area of Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
• Border Protection Grid

- To be set up in Indian states bordering Bangladesh.
- The grid will comprise various elements, such as physical barriers, non-physical barriers, surveillance
system, intelligence agencies, state police, BSF and other state and central agencies.
• Recent Implementation of Shekatkar Committee recommendations relating to border Infrastructure – for
speeding up road constructions.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ABOVE INITIATIVES

• Ensures overall border security – through better coordination among security agencies, surveillance
capabilities, intelligence sharing, etc ➔ instils a sense of security among Border States and its people.
• Facilitates genuine trade and legitimate cross-border movement of people ➔ economic opportunities to
the border people.
17
• Curb various illegal activities like infiltration, trafficking, smuggling, fake Indian currency notes and drugs,
radicalization, etc.
• Prevents entry of illegal migrants some of whom have links with extremist groups for furthering anti-
national activities with ulterior motives and posing threat to internal security.
3. Development of border areas

- Lack of economic opportunities makes the border population more susceptible to illegal activities
such as drugs and smuggling.
- Difficult terrain and lack of proper roads and infrastructure keep the border areas inaccessible and
underdeveloped.
- As a solution to tackle these issues, the government initiated the ‘Border Area Development
Program’ (BADP) in 1987, to facilitate the provision of the required socio-economic infrastructure
and adequate security, and to eliminate a sense of alienation among the population living at the
border.
- Projects include construction of roads, bridges, education, skill development, safe drinking water,
health, agriculture, sports activities, promotion of rural/border tourism etc.
7.2 INDIA’S COASTAL/MARITIME SECURITY

NEED FOR COASTAL SECURITY
• Diverse range of topography – creeks, small bays, back waters, lagoons, swamps, small islands etc and
absence of physical barriers on the coast.
• Unsettled maritime boundaries – With Pakistan (Sir Creek) poses not only serious security challenges
but also hinder offshore development.
• Vulnerable to Maritime terrorism & anti-national activities - 1993 Mumbai blasts: explosives were
smuggled through the Raigad coast of Maharashtra; 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks infiltration of
terrorists via Mumbai coast, smuggling of goods, gold, narcotics, explosives, arms, wildlife etc.
• Lack of fool-proof security measures - Intelligence Bureau audit, 2016: out of 200+ minor ports in India,
187 had little or no security at all.
• Illegal migration/infiltration - creating problems at the receiving end (Gujarat & Sundarbans Creek, and
southern coasts). Illegal fishing creates challenges to livelihood security of Indian fishermen.
• Strategic importance of coastal trade - A substantial part of India’s external trade (90% by volume &
70% by value) and energy supplies pass through seas and reach the India ports.
• Armed Robbery/Piracy – on the high seas. But, shallow waters of the Sunderbans have also been
witnessing ‘acts of violence and detention’ by gangs of criminals, that are akin to piracy.
• Neighbourhood tensions - Physical proximity of India’s coasts to politically volatile and economically
depressed countries such as Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Gulf countries adds to its vulnerability.
• Important establishments around the coast – offshore oil exploration, defence, nuclear, industrial (esp.
SEZs & CEZs) and other vital installations.
• Straying of Indian Fishermen Beyond Maritime Boundary – Threat of being illegally detained by
Pakistani forces, or source of tension between India & Sri Lanka ➔ both impacting the National security.
MUMBAI ATTACKS (26/11): KEY GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO BOOST COASTAL SECURITY
After the Mumbai attacks in 2008, there has been a paradigm shift in the maritime security apparatus that
increased emphasis on surveillance, intelligence gathering and information sharing amongst the various
stakeholders to ensure an effective response to any emerging situation.
18
KEY INITIATIVES INCLUDE:

• National Committee for Strengthening Maritime and Coastal Security as an apex institution, headed
by Cabinet Secretary, to coordinate all matters related to Maritime and Coastal Security.
• A three-tier security grid was installed with the Indian Navy, the coast guard, and the marine police
jointly patrolling India’s near-seas.
• Indian Navy
- Designated as the authority responsible for overall maritime security, assisted by the Indian Coast
Guard (ICG), state marine police forces and other central and state agencies.
- National Command Control Communication Intelligence network (NC3I) - A next – gen
intelligence system set up by Indian Navy to improve surveillance & patrolling duties.
- Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC) – It is Indian Navy’s and Coast Guard’s joint
operations facility, which is the nodal centre of the NC3I.
- Setting up of IFC-IOR (Information Fusion Centre for Indian Ocean Region), within IMAC, for
regional information sharing on commercial shipping.
- Creation of Sagar Prahari Bal, a special cadre dedicated to Coastal Security.
• Indian Coast Guard
- Designated as the authority responsible for coastal security in territorial waters (12-200 Nautical
Miles), including areas to be patrolled by the Coastal Police.
- It responsibilities include: Search and Rescue (SAR), Maritime Law Enforcement, Aids to Navigation,
Ice Breaking, Environmental Protection, Port Security and Military Readiness.
• Marine Police Force: under the Coastal Security Scheme (2005), was created with the aim to strengthen
infrastructure for patrolling and the surveillance of the coastal areas, particularly the shallow areas close
to the coast (up to 12 Nautical Miles).
• Other initiatives
- National Investigation Agency was set up in 2009 to deal with terrorist offences.
- National Security Guard have been created to ensure rapid response to terror attacks.
- The National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) has been constituted to create an appropriate database
of security-related information.
- Coastal security exercises like Sagar Kavach and Sea Vigil helped to generate awareness about
threats emanating from the sea as well as to develop synergies among the concerned agencies.
- Community Interaction Programmes (CIP) – For the fishermen, to create awareness about safety
& security issues at sea, and develop them to be the “Eyes and Ears” for intelligence gathering.
- Issuance of Fishermen Biometric ID Cards.
- Tracking of Vessels/Boats - All vessels above 20 metres length are mandatorily required to be fitted
with Automatic Identification System (AIS) equipment. Also, satellite-based transponders are
being installed in sub-20 meters fishing boats.
- Coastal Police Stations - to deal with all Crimes committed in the International Waters.
- National Academy of Coastal Policing (NACP) – for training & capacity buidling purposes.
FURTHER CHALLENGES TO COASTAL SECURITY

• Lack of coordination – multiplicity of authorities from the Union, the states as well as private actors ➔
difficulties in consolidation of various stakeholders.
19
• Inadequacy of resources – Deficient

financial, human, and training
resources act as impediments to
implementation of the coastal
security initiatives by states.
• Political pressure from the locals -
District administration is responsible
for allocating infrastructure to Coast
Guards.
• Issuing of ID cards to fishermen: Not
adhered to.
• Merchant ships still fail to give the
mandatory 96-hour arrival
information.
• Setting up of marine police stations has been slow because of states’ reluctance.
Kindly Note: This is only a sample handout. Other indicative Topics to be covered under this Theme include:
• LEFT WING EXTREMISM (LWE) • MOB LYNCHING & MOBOCRACY
• NORTH EAST INSURGENCY • BLACK MONEY & MONEY LAUNDERING
• TERRORISM & ORGANIZED CRIME • COVID AFTERMATHS & CYBER SECURITY
• INDIA'S DEFENCE PREPAREDNESS – PIVOT RESPONSE
TO MARITIME STRATEGIES ….Among Others
============================================================================
20
8 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2013-2021)
Syllabus Point: Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
2013
• Article 244 of Indian Constitution relates to Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyze the
impact of non-implementation of the provisions of fifth schedule on the growth of Left Wing Extremism.
2015
• The persisting drives of the government for development of large industries in backward areas have
resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements. With Malkangiri
and Naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) doctrine
affected citizens back into mainstream of social and economic growth.
2017
• The north-eastern region of India has been infested with insurgency for a very long time. Analyze the major
reasons for the survival of armed insurgency in this region.
2018
• Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still effects many parts of the country. Briefly
explain the government of India’s approach to counter the challengers post by LWE.
2019
• Cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of
the border in North-east India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the Indian-
Myanmar border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the challenges.
2020
• What are the determinants of left-wing extremism in Eastern part of India? What strategy should
Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected
areas?
Syllabus Point:
• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
2014
• “The diverse nature of India as a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to the impact of
radicalism which is seen in her neighbourhood? Discuss along with strategies to be adopted to counter this
environment.
2017
• Mob violence is emerging as a serious law and order problem in India. By giving suitable examples, analyze
the causes and consequences of such violence.
2019
• Indian Government has recently strengthened the anti-terrorism laws by amending the Unlawful Activities
(prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967 and the NIA Act. Analyze the changes in the context of prevailing security
environment while discussing the scope and reasons for opposing the UAPA by human rights organizations.
2021
• Analyse the multidimensıonal challenges posed by external state and non-state actors, to the internal
security of India. Also, discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats.
• How is the S-400 air defence system technically superior to any other system presently available in the
world?
21
Syllabus Point:
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking
sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security.
2013
• What are social networking site and what security implications do these sites present?
• Cyber warfare is considered by some defence analysts to be a larger threat than even Al Qaeda or terrorism.
What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring
out the state of the country’s preparedness to deal with the same.
2014
• International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace
above their territory. What do you understand by ‘airspace’ What are the implications of these laws on the
space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggest ways to contain the threat.
2015
• Discuss the advantage and security implication of cloud hosting of servers vis-a-vis in house machine based
hosting for government business.
• Religious indoctrination via social media has resulted in Indian youth joining the ISIS. What is ISIS and its
mission? How can ISIS be dangerous to the internal security of our country?
• Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a “Digital Armed Forces” to prevent
crimes. Critically evaluate the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its
effective implementation.
2016
• Use of internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major security concern.
How have these been misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat.
2017
• Discuss the potential threats of Cyber-attack and the security framework to prevent it.
2018
• Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitized world due to rising cybercrimes. The
justice B.N Srikrishna Committee Report addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are
the strengths and weaknesses of the Report relating the protection of personal data in cyberspace?
2019
• What is CyberDome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling internet crimes in India.
2020
• Discuss different types of cybercrimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace.
2021
• Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyse the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also, discuss
defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks.
Syllabus Point:
• Money-laundering and its prevention
2013
• Money laundering poses a serious threat to country’s economic sovereignty. What is its significance for
India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace?
2021
• Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money laundering. Elaborate measures
to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels.
22
Syllabus Point:
• Security challenges and their management in border areas
• Linkages of organized crime with terrorism
2013
• How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border management, particularly in view of the
long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar?
2014
• How does illegal trans-border migration pose a threat to India’s security? Discuss the strategies to curb this,
bringing out the factors which give impetus to such migration.
• In 2012, the longitudinal marking for high-risk areas for piracy was moved from 65 degrees east to 78
degrees east in the Arabian Sea by the International Maritime Organisation. What impact does this have on
India’s maritime security concerns?
• China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for the development of an economic corridor. What
threat does this pose for India’s security? Critically examine.
2016
• The terms ‘Hot Pursuit’ and ‘Surgical Strikes’ are often used in connection with armed action against
terrorist attacks. Discuss the strategic impact of such actions.
• ‘Terrorism is emerging as a competitive industry over the last few decades.” Analyse the above statement.
• Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile relations with some countries.
Elucidate the challenges and strategies for effective border management.
2017
• The scourge of terrorism is a grave challenge to national security. What solutions do you suggest to curb
this growing menace? What are the major sources of terrorist funding?
2018
• India’s proximity to two of the world’s biggest illicit opium-growing states has enhanced her internal
security concerns. Explain the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as
gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking. What counter should measures be taken to prevent
the same?
• The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger “One Belt One
Road” initiative . Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself
from the same.
2019
• The banning of “Jamaat-e-Islami” in Jammu and Kashmir brought into focus the role of over-ground workers
(OGWs) in assisting terrorist organizations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist
organizations in insurgency affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralize the influence of OGWs.
2020
• For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be taken to deny local support to
militants and also suggest ways to manage favourable perception among locals.
2021
• Analyse the complexity and intensity of terrorism, its causes, linkages and obnoxious nexus. Also, suggest
measures required to be taken to eradicate the menace of terrorism.
Syllabus Point:
• Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
2015
• Human right activists constantly highlight the fact that the Armed forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA)
is a draconian act leading to cases of human right abuses by security forces. What sections of AFSPA are
opposed by the activists? Critically evaluate the requirement with reference to the view held by Apex Court.
23
2020
• Analyse internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders
including Line of Control (LoC). Also, discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard.
SOME EXPECTED QUESTIONS FOR 2022/23

• What is a National Security Doctrine? In the wake of increasing threat of terrorist attacks in India, discuss
the need to evolve India’s National Security Doctrine and the challenges therein.
• What are the emerging threats to India's internal security in the wake of globalisation, regime changes in
the neighbourhood, and emerging technologies?
• India needs to shift its foreign policy focus from ‘continental strategy’ to its ‘maritime sphere’. How far do
you agree with this view? Justify with suitable arguments.
• Paradoxically, development has served as both, a cause for the rise of Left Wing Extremism (LWE), and also
a solution to it. Comment.
• To tackle the problem of terror, it is important that the world must speak in one voice and act in unison
against terrorism. With reference to the given statement, discuss the importance of Comprehensive
Convention on International Terrorism. Highlight the challenges in its implementation.
• “While some argue that the terrorism and organized crime must be differentiated, others contend that they
both go hand-in-hand and hence must be understood and battled together.” In the light of the above
statement, enumerate links and differences between terrorism and organized crime.
• In recent years, Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has come out as a robust organization in combating
money laundering and terror financing. Discuss the steps taken by India in pursuit of FATF
recommendations.
• Elucidate the growing challenges and opportunities in maintaining the internal security of India, due to
increased digitalization amidst recent COVID-19 pandemic.
• “The Social media’s capacity to spread information at extremely high volumes and velocities needs to be
tapped into by security and law enforcement agencies to wrest control back from perpetrators of crimes”.
Discuss with suitable examples.
• The decision to appoint Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) is an important milestone in India’s quest for complete
integration of its defence forces. Analyse the role and responsibilities of CDS in addressing the challenges
of the changing strategic as well as security environment of India.
==========================================================================================
24
9 TOPPERS’ HANDWRITTEN ANSWERS

Q1.
25
26
27
Q2.
28
29
30
Q3.
31
32
New Delhi: 2nd Floor, Plot No. 22B, Above Domino`s, Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar
9560082909
www.theiashub.com
Regional Centres: BENGALURU BHOPAL INDORE MUMBAI PUNE /mkyadav info@theiashub.com
INA CURRENT AFFAIRS
MAINS 2022
Right Direction is More Important than Speed
The Only Current Affairs Sessions

You Need To Ace UPSC CSE Mains 2022 MK Yadav
Orientation Session Ex-IB Vigilance Officer, GoI
16 June
th
Batch Starts
Cover 160+ Subject wise Current
23 June
rd
Topics in just 25 Sessions
Contemporary Topics Daily ‘In-Class’

of Last 24 Months Answer Writing to Crisp ‘One Pager
In line with latest ‘Practically Use’ Notes’ to help in
UPSC Trends Current Affairs last minute revision
Critical Analysis & Most Exhaustive Sources:

way forward of all Comprehensive 7 Newspaper & Imp.
important Govt. Tests to Assess your Magazines, Websites,
Schemes & Acts Mains Readiness Govt. & Int. Reports
QEP & INA EDGE : The Only Batch That Gave 60+ CSE 2021 Toppers
AND
Priyamvada Ashok
Mhaddalkar Jaspinder Singh Anjali Shrotriya Namrata Choubey Riju Shrivastava Chiranjeev Anand
55+
AIR 13 AIR 33 AIR 44 AIR 73 AIR 124 AIR 126 OTHERS
New Delhi: 2nd Floor, Plot No. 22B, Above Domino`s, Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar
www.theiashub.com
9560082909
Regional Centres: BENGALURU BHOPAL INDORE MUMBAI PUNE /mkyadav info@theiashub.com

MAINS 2022 23: Quality Enrichment Program (Qep)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

MAINS 2022 23: Quality Enrichment Program (Qep)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MAINS 2022 23: Quality Enrichment Program (Qep)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

QUALITY ENRICHMENT

S.# WHAT UPSC COVERED QEP COVERAGE Pg #

OUR UPSC CSE MAINS 2022 ENRICHMENT COURSES

1 INTERNAL SECURITY: KEY FACTS

LEFT WINGS EXTREMISM (LWE)

Consistent declining Trend (from the all-time high of 2009).

• Telangana: Greyhound Forces

NORTH EAST INSURGENCY

India has a large and complex land border,

2 THEME WISE KEYWORDS

39 Raising Teeth-to-tail ratio

HUGE NEW UPDATES AVAILABLE!

QEP NEW & UPDATED!

3 CASE STUDIES & BEST PRACTICES

NATIONAL & LOCAL

3.1 DE-RADICALISATION PROGRAMMES

3.2 YOUTH ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT

3.3 COMMUNITY POLICING

• Umeed, Delhi Police • Parivar Paramarsh Kendra, Raigarh district,

3.4 COUNTERING INSURGENCY

• Sri Lankan programme of Counter Insurgency

4 SPEECHES OF PM, VP & PRESIDENT

4.2 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE VICE PRESIDENT

5 USING ACRONYMS: AS WAY FORWARD

5.2 COUNTERING NORTH EAST INSURGENCY

6.1 WHAT IS NATIONAL SECURITY?

6.2 ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY

6.3 NATIONAL SECURITY: INTERNAL & EXTERNAL SECURITY

Major internal security challenges:

Major External security challenges

CHALLENGES CROSS CUTTING INTERNAL & EXTERNAL THREATS

6.4 NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY/DOCTRINE: NEED & CHALLENGES

NEED FOR A NATIONAL SECURITY DOCTRINE (NSD)

7 BORDER MANAGEMENT & COASTAL/MARITIME SECURITY

NEED & CHALLENGES OF BORDER MANAGEMENT

BORDER MANAGEMENT MEASURES BY GOI: 3 ESSENTIAL PROCESSES

Recent Initiatives Along the Borders

• Border Protection Grid

SIGNIFICANCE OF ABOVE INITIATIVES

3. Development of border areas

7.2 INDIA’S COASTAL/MARITIME SECURITY

KEY INITIATIVES INCLUDE:

FURTHER CHALLENGES TO COASTAL SECURITY

• Inadequacy of resources – Deficient

8 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2013-2021)

Syllabus Point: Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

SOME EXPECTED QUESTIONS FOR 2022/23

9 TOPPERS’ HANDWRITTEN ANSWERS

The Only Current Affairs Sessions

Contemporary Topics Daily ‘In-Class’

Critical Analysis & Most Exhaustive Sources:

You might also like