SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.

Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City

Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
1

THE EXTENT OF ALCOHOL INFLUENCE ON REPORTED TRAFFIC INCIDENTS

IN TANDAG CITY, SURIGAO DEL SUR
____________________________________________
A Proposal Presented
To the Faculty of the College of Criminology
Saint Theresa College Inc.
Tandag City, Surigao Del Sur
_____________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science In Criminology
___________________________________________

RESEARCH TEAM

Joseph L. Bagona

Joshua A. Cabarubias

Rachel Jane B. Delector

Joram T. Delo Santos

Elycarl P. Manongas

Lovely Jane I. Ongayo

Martee Louie A. Quinto

John Rocell S. Lanugon

 SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
2

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the Study

The presence of excessive amounts of alcohol in the blood of the

driver plays a substantial role in the production of accidents that

cause fatal or serious injuries to vehicle occupants and pedestrians,

since, in addition to the affected driver, innocent people who have

not been drinking (passengers, pedestrians, and people in other cars)

are often victims. A person who is severely affected by alcohol may be

physically incapable of driving a motor vehicle; one who is less

affected but who is still obviously under the influence of alcohol

constitutes a danger as a driver. Further, in subclinical

intoxication, in which a person has consumed alcohol but shows no

clinical signs whatever, his judgement may be significantly impaired

(the encyclopaedia of world problems & human potential, 2020).

In the Philippines, an estimated 12,000 people die every year in

road-related accidents—about 25 percent of which are related to the

harmful consumption of alcohol. Moreover, many Filipinos remain

unaware of the risks of drinking then driving—and that the effects of

alcohol could kick in once the motorist is on the road. Human factor

is a big factor in most road accidents. While there are laws against

drunk driving, it is critical to raise awareness as well of this high-

 SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
3

risk behaviour (Noble, 2022). According to the Australian Government,

Department of Health and Aged Care, 2022, alcohol affects everyone.

How it affects you depends on how much you drink, your health, your

age and other factors. Drinking too much can lead to harmful short-

term and long-term effects. It can affect your physical and mental

health, your job, your finances, your family, and your community.

Furthermore, it has been known that alcohol use impairs driving skills

and increases accident risk. It has been found that while driving

under the influence of alcohol, the risk of having an accident causing

injury or death increases exponentially.

It is in the above context that the researcher decided to conduct

the study with the intention of determining the extent of alcohol

influence on the reported traffic incidents in Tandag City. This study

will be conducted to reduce the amount of traffic accidents involving

alcohol in Tandag City.

Theoretical Framework

This study is supported by proposition of Zhao, Zhang, & Rong

(2014) states that the Alcohol influence on Drivers and Driving

Performance on Straight Road Drinking driving is responsible for a

high proportion of traffic accidents. The analysis of accident rate

showed that higher BAC level would lead to higher accident rate. The

investigation results revealed that alcohol affected drivers in many

aspects, including attitude, judgment, vigilance, perception,

reaction, and controlling. The statistical analysis results of driving

 SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
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performance indicated that average speed, speed standard deviation,

and lane position standard deviation were significantly higher under

the influence of alcohol. Also, the results indicated that the three

significant indicators on straight roadway could be used in the

discrimination of drinking driving state. The conclusions can provide

references for the study of drinking driving and the identification of

driving state and then contribute to traffic safety. Jonathan Shepherd

& Mark Brickley (2002) also states heavy binge drinking increases

vulnerability to injury.

This study supported by the theory of Wuhong Wang (2014) Drinking

using is answerable for a excessive percentage of visitors accidents.

To take a look at the results of alcohol on drivers and riding overall

performance, 25 drivers’ subjective emotions and riding overall

performance information in unique blood-alcohol concentration (BAC)

tiers have been amassed with simulated using experiment. The research

outcomes found out that alcohol affected drivers in lots of aspects,

which include attitude, judgment, vigilance, perception, reaction, and

controlling. The evaluation of twist of fate fee confirmed that better

BAC degree could result in better coincidence charge. The statistical

evaluation consequences of riding overall performance indicated that

common velocity, pace trendy deviation, and lane function popular

deviation had been considerably better beneathneath the affect of

alcohol. They additionally had a statistically considerable linear

fashion because the feature of BAC degree. The discrimination of

consuming riding primarily based totally on using overall performance

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Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
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become done with Fisher discrimination method. The effects confirmed

that consuming riding with better BAC degree changed into less

complicated to discriminate from everyday using. Also, the effects

indicated that the 3 sizeable signs on instantly roadway will be used

withinside the discrimination of consuming riding country. The

conclusions can offer references for the have a look at of consuming

riding and the identity of riding nation after which make a

contribution to site visitors safety.

This study is founded on the theory of Paul j gruenewarld and

Fred w johnson (2010) This look at tested the effect of on premise

alcohol-outlet densities and of consuming-driving force densities on

fees of alcohol-associated motor automobile crashes. A traffic-waft

version is advanced to symbolize geographic relationships among

residential places of consuming drivers, alcohol outlets, and alcohol-

associated motor automobile crashes.

This study is supported by the theory of Wang s(2018) Most of the

current studies on drunk driving accidents focus on law making and

public education. However, especially in China, there is less

statistical analysis on the severity of drunk driving accidents

between driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) and driving while

intoxicated (DWI). 3368 drunk driving related crashes were collected

from the blood-alcohol test report in a city of China at 2012 and

2013. After statistics pre-processing, Chi-square tests were used to

analyze the association between distinctive variables and the type of

drunk driving. The logistic regression model is conducted to estimate

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Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
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the effect of the variables under DUI and DWI. The results show that

Hour of the day, Driver’s age, Driver’s casualties and Accident area

have significant correlation with drunk driving. There was a slightly

decrease by 0.995 per year with age and a slightly increase by 1.014

with time in the possibility of DWI. DWI is more likely to cause death

in traffic accidents (OR = 1.316) than DUI. Driver’s deaths (OR =

2.346) is more likely to happen than the injuries (OR = 1.910) under

DWI cases. These findings show that more attention should be paid to

strengthen controls on the DWI. It also can provide important basis

for accident prevent, traffic law enforcement and traffic management.

Conceptual Framework

Presented in Figure 1 the Schematic diagram of the study. The

first box contains the profile of the drivers; Age; Gender;

Educational attainment; civil status, and Employment status, Vehicle

Type, Injury Severity.

The second box comprises significant time that an accident is

more prone to and the significant area/location within Tandag that is

more prone to accident.

And the third box includes the proposed intervention program.

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Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
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Input

Profile of the
drivers;

Age;

Gender;

Educational
attainment;
Process
Civil status, and

Employment status

Vehicle Type

Injury Severity

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the study

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Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
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Statement of the problem

This study aims to determine the extent of alcohol influence on

reported traffic incidents in Tandag city.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following:

1. What is the profile of the drivers;

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Educational attainment;

1.4 Civil status, and

1.5 employment status

1.6 Vehicle Type

1.7 Injury Severity

2. What is the significant time that an accident is more prone to?

3. What are the significant area/location within Tandag that is more

prone to accident?

4. What intervention program can be proposed based on the findings of

the study?
 SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
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Hypothesis

This study will be hypothesized at 0.05 level of significant.

HO1. There is no significant relationship between alcohol

influence and reported traffic incidents.

Significance of the study

The findings of the study could help and benefit the following:

Barangay officials. As the primary planning and implementing unit

of government policies, plans, program and etc. the study can be a

basis to find solution and take pro-active measures and intensify

their preparations against disasters.

Residents. The study can open the gate to a much healthier system

in the Philippines since it can make the people aware of the possible

risk of being alcohol intoxicated.

PNP. They will maintain public order and safety, enforcing the

law, and preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities.

Local government. It will help to establish an organization that

shall be responsible for the efficient and effective implementation of

their development plans, program objectives and priorities.

Other researchers. The researchers would be able to learn and can

also recommend the benefit of the program.

 SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
10

Scope and limitation

The purpose of this study was to find out the extent of alcohol

intoxication on reported incidents in Tandag City. Before to conduct

the study the researcher request a letter to the Philippine national

police to ask of the reported traffic incidents relating to alcohol

influence during the Academic year 2018-2022.

Definition of Terms

For a clearer understanding of the study, the following words or

phrases were defined.

Alcohol influence – this refers to consume an amount of alcohol

or drugs that is enough to reduce a person's physical and mental

capabilities

Reported traffic Incident – this refers to incidents and other

unplanned events that occur on the road network, often in potentially

dangerous situations.
 SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
11

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the method used in this study which

included research design, research locale and respondents, sampling

technique, research instruments, data gathering procedure, statistical

treatment and bibliography.

Research Design

This study used the descriptive-quantitative research method and

research instrument to gather the data, especially about the reported

incidents about alcohol.

Research Locale

This study was conducted in Tandag City, Surigao del Sur. Tandag

City is located between the municipal town of Tago and Cortes. Out of

Twenty-one (21) barangays we only chose one barangay which is barangay

Bungtod.
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Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
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LUZON

TANDAG

VISAYAS

MINDANAO

Figure 2. Spot Map of Tandag City, Surigao del Sur

 SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
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Research Instrument

This study used a permission from Tandag PNP to have a private

files or records from the Tandag Pnp. The data gathering contains into

four parts; the first part is the demographic profile of the

respondents; the second part contains the statements about the year of

the accident; the third part is what kind of vehicle type; and the

last part is it contains the time of the accident.

Data Gathering

In gathering the data, the researchers followed several steps to

develop the clear unbiased results of the study. The researchers ask

permission from the Tandag Pnp to have a data. Upon the approval, the

researchers proceeded to the following steps of the completion of

data, data were tallied, analysed and interpret.

 SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon sts, Dagocgoc, Tandag City
Telefax no (086)211-3046
College of Criminology
14