6/12/2014 anchr

Hull Survey
welcome to

1.Introduction ＜ Propeller ＞

2.Docking Survey
12. Anchor
12.1 General
3.Survey Item
Anchors, anchor chain cables, mooring ropes, and towing ropes are collectively called
"Equipment" . The number, weight and size of the equipment are determined by the
4.Type of Dry Dock Equipment Number calculated according to the size of a ship. Consequently, When the
dimensions of the hull are modified or the arrangement is modified and the equipment
5.Safety in Dock Number exceeds the present number, the existing equipment has to be changed to
new one.
6.Procedure of Bottom
Inspection Inspections of anchors and anchor chains are not the requirements of the Docking Survey but
they are an inspection items in a Special Survey and Intermediate Survey. But the inspection
7.Course in Dock
of the anchor and chain cable are carried out costomary at the Doking Survey. At the Docking
Survey
8.Shell Defect anchors and anchor chain cabless are ranged on the dock floor and the surveyor carry out the
survey.
9.Stern Frame Hereinafter explain the survey points and the examples of dmage and repair methods.

10.Rudder

11.Propeller

12.Anchr

13.Chain Cable

14.Sea Valves

Photo.12-1 Anchor and chain cable ranged on the dry dock

12-2 Kind and mumber of anchor

Long time ago anchors are made of stone or wood. But in later days many kinds of anchors
are invented. However in these days anchors are made of steel and the following types are
widely used.
(1) Stock anchor
I

http://docking.ship-doctor.com/12/12_1.html 1/8
6/12/2014 anchr

Photo.12-1 Stock anchor (from "The

Fig.12-1 Stock anchor
Sea Fellow")

(2) Stockless anchor

Now almost all ships have a stockless anchor which equipped at bow on both P and S side.
Mr.Harkins invented the stockless anchor in 1823 and Mr. Matinse took a patent in 1854. But
the shipowners did not pay much interst in this new anchor.
After long testing, in 1998 UK Navy finally accepted ths anchor and gradually stockless
anchor becomes popular. On the other hand, Mr.Scot invention the very useful Hause pipe.
Now the stockless anchor and hause pipe are indespensable equippment to all ships.

Photo.12-2 Stockless anchor

Fig.12-1 Stockless anchor
(from Wikipedia)

http://docking.ship-doctor.com/12/12_1.html 2/8
6/12/2014 anchr

Fig.12-3 Terminology of stockless　anchor parts

(3) Number of anchor

According to the old Rules , at least three anchors including the spare anchor are to be
provided. However, from 1986, omission of the spare anchor has been approved at the
request of the shipowners.

(4) Survey items

Not only the inspection of Anchor and chain cable the Classification rules requests the
following survey items: "Anchors are to be examined, and when the chain cables are ranged,
they are to be examined. Hawse pipes, chain lockers and cable holdfasts are to be
examined. The Surveyor should ascertain that sufficient mooring ropes are provided on
board. As described above, note that in addition to inspection of anchors and anchor chains,
inspection of chain lockers and chain stoppers is included in the Special Survey. Inspection
of ropes generally includes confirmation of the number, and it is customary to carry out a
visual inspection of ropes."

12-3 Defects and precautions during inspection

(1) Break and Crack
Breaks or cracks may develop in the shank or the arm because of defects in the casting
during manufacturing. Naturally anchor should be renewed. It takes several months to
manufacture the new anchor.　So the surveyor
make the outstanding recommendations considering the delivery period for a new anchor. It
is customary about six months
Small cracks sometimes appears at the corners of the hole in the under surface of the crown.
This part should be carefuly inspected after sludge is removed and cleaned. Depending on
the degree of damage, repair can be carried out out by rewelding.

Photo.12-3 Broken shank (1) Photo.12-4 Broken surface (1)

http://docking.ship-doctor.com/12/12_1.html 3/8
6/12/2014 anchr

Photo.12-5 Broken shank (2) Photo.12-6 Broken surface (2)

Photo.12-7 Broken arm Photo.12-8 Broken surface

Photo.12-9 Crack at the end of arm

http://docking.ship-doctor.com/12/12_1.html 4/8
6/12/2014 anchr

Photo.12-10 Crack at stopper

Photo.12-11 Crack at shank

(2) Bend
When the anchor is resting on the dock floor, sometimes both fluke ends do not touch to the
floor, it means, one fluke is raised higher than the other, then the one arm is bent. Depending
on the degree of the bend, the anchor should be send to the manufacturer for repairing or it
should be renewd. In this case also the outstanding recommendation is appointed.

Photp.12-12 Bent arm

Fig.12-4 Bent arm

12-3-3 Wear and tear

http://docking.ship-doctor.com/12/12_1.html 5/8
6/12/2014 anchr
(1) Wear to anchor ring
The maximum wear to the anchor ring appears at the pin. If the wear is only at the pin, then
only the pin may be renewed using an approved material (forged steel, cast steel or rolled
steel round bar); but in most cases the hole in the anchor ring is also worn out, therefore, the
complete set is generally replaced.
During replacement, a proof test for the complete anchor should be carried out; however, if
the anchor is repaired at the shipyard, sometimes this test is omitted as the testing
equipment is not available. Moreover, the pins at both ends became loose and they develop
play frequently. If this happens, the end of the pin should be hammered while heating to
tighten the pin.

Fig.12-5 Ancho ring pin

(2) Wear to shank

In new ships the shank often wears out at the the bell—mouth position. Later when the shank
and bell—mouth adopt themselves , the wear is reduced, so repairs by welding is not
necessary.

Fig.12-6 abrasion of shank

3) Worn out of crown pin

The crown pin connecting the shank and the crown wears out in the aged ship but generally
the wear does not reach a stage where it needs
replacement. However, it is recommended that the condition of the pin is to be inspected
after cleaning the sludge.

http://docking.ship-doctor.com/12/12_1.html 6/8
6/12/2014 anchr

Example where crown pin (13) is leaning to one side

because block ® is short.
The block is inserted into the crown hole and is welded so that
the crown pin does not fall out. There are instances of no block
being used, but molten lead is poured in to prevent the crown pin
from falling out.

Fig.12-7 Defective　crown pin (1)

Example where the crown pin diameter is too

small. Generally, a considerable amount of
sludge accumulates near the crown pin. If the
sludge is not removed from a and b, flaws cannot be
detected.

Fig.12-8 Defective crown pin (2)

http://docking.ship-doctor.com/12/12_1.html 7/8
6/12/2014 anchr

Discontinuities in the structure should be closely inspected.

Photo. 12-13 Back of crown

(4) Decrease of anchor weight

In the past, Rules prescribed replacement of an anchor when its weight was found to have
decreased below the allowable limit due to corrosion and wear; however, measurement of
anchor weight is not required by Rules today.
.
13.4 Spare Anchor
With the amendment to the 1986 Rules, a spare anchor became a shipowner's option; If the
shipowner requested exemption from provision
of a spare anchor, exemption was granted. Consequently, in recent years, spare anchors
have not been provided for most ships.
If provided, the spare anchor is lashed in the vicinity of the uperstructure. The anchor ring,
which is a movable part, often rusts and does not operate. Therefore, an adequate amount of
grease should be applied to the ring pin and it should be covered with canvas.

Photo. 12-14 Spare anchor of 413,553 D/W tanker on the F'cle deck

(C) Copyright My Blog All rights reserved. Since 2010.

http://docking.ship-doctor.com/12/12_1.html 8/8