Handouts PreIELTS 2 NEW

IELTS 2
HANDOUT
COFER
ONTENTS
1
I-CLEVER LANGUAGE CENTER
UNIT 6:
TRANSPORT AND
PLACES IN TOWN
2
3
LANGUAGE BUILDER
Exercise 1: Match the words with the pictures. Use the words in the box.
Bike boat bus coach metro motorbike taxi train tram
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
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Exercise 2: Complete the sentences. Use the verbs in the box.
Catch fly get gets go leaves
1. My train _____________ at 07:40.

2. I usually _____________ with British Airways.
3. I often ______________ off the tram near the station.
4. I always _______________ by bike in good weather.
5. He ______________ on the bus at this stop.
6. I often ______________ the seven o’clock bus.
Exercise 3: Ahmed, Ewa and Bik now live in the UK. Listen to information about their
journeys in the past and now. Choose True or False.
1. Ahmed is from Dubai.
2. To get to classes, he took the metro and then walked for a bit.
3. He now goes to work on a motorbike.
4. Ewa studied engineering.
5. In Poland, she travelled to work by tram.
6. Ewa now goes to work by car.
7. Bik travelled to college in Beijing by train.
8. She goes to school in Cardiff by underground.
9. Her journey now takes over an hour.
Exercise 4: Put the words in the correct order to complete the sentences.
Isn't long his journey to university very
1. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

____________
Ten minutes to to walk it her takes work for
2. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

____________ __________ __________ __________
Go to university on the always underground they
3. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

__________
Takes bus get there about to the an hour
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4. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________
__________ __________ __________ __________
Goes to he by college bike
5. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

To work on most she drives days
6. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

____________
Taxi school by to they get
7. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

____________
Usually catches he 8:30 the train at
8. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

____________
Exercise 5: Match the answers with the questions.
1. Does it take you long to get to school? A. I often walk and sometimes go on
my bike.
2. Do you drive to work?
B. No, I don’t. I haven’t got a car.
3. How do you go to university?
C. No, only about 15 minutes.
4. Do you go to work by train?
D. Only three.
5. How many stops is it on the
underground? E. Yes, it’s cheap and there’s a stop
outside my house.
6. Do you often travel by bus?
F. Yes, the railway station is only five
minutes away.
Exercise 6: Change the underlined verbs to the correct form of the past simple.
1. I always travel by taxi in New York.
2. My journey to work is quite short.
3. I go to school by bike.
4. He drives to the office.
5. We don’t arrive early.
6. Their journey by coach takes an hour.
7. We don’t fly from Manchester airport.
8. She catches the train at six o’clock.
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Exercise 7: Listen to Gina Timm talking about public transport where she lives.
Choose the correct answers.
1. Gina lives in a
A. big town.
B. small town.
C. small village.
2. The transport system is
A. difficult.
B. excellent.
C. terrible.
3. There are cheap tickets for people
A. under 26.
B. under 23.
C. under 16.
4. Taxi buses are

A. quite cheap.
B. quite expensive.
C. very expensive.
5. Gina doesn’t often use public
transport when the weather is
A. bad.
B. good.
C. terrible.
6. Gina usually goes into town by
A. bus.
B. bicycle.
C. train
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UNIT 6: TRANSPORT AND PLACES IN TOWN
Exercise 8: Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the present simple. Use
the verbs in the box.
am are book buy go has have is live need use
Hello, my name is Gina Timm. I (1)____________ 23 years old and a student of English
and German. I (2)________________ in a small village about five miles from a big town in
north Germany. There (3)____________ lots of ways for me to get to town from my home.
The town (4)________________ excellent tram, train and bus services, and I
(5)____________ a cheap monthly ticket for people under 26 years old. There
(6)____________ also another special service called ‘taxi buses’. We (7)_______________
a timetable for taxi buses, but it is important to phone half an hour before the departure time
to (8)______________ a seat. You only (9)_________________ an ordinary bus ticket for
a journey with a taxi bus, so it is not expensive. Actually, I don’t (10)________________
public transport very often except when the weather is bad. I usually (11)_________________
to university by bike. In my town, cycling is the most popular type of transport with students.
Exercise 9: Choose the correct vocabulary. Then listen and check your answers.
1.my go /journey/travel to work isn’t very 2. Most students go to university by/on/with

long. bike.
3.I get/go/take on the metro at the station 4. I only travel three journeys/places/stops
near my home. on the underground.
5. I often fly at /on/to Dubai. 6. It usually gets /goes/takes me ten

minutes to walk to college.
Exercise 10: You are going to talk about the public transport in your town and a
journey you often make now or a journey you made in the past. Use the ideas below
to help you.
Ideas
• Say where you live, where you travel to and why.
• Say what kinds of public transport there are in your town and how often you use them.
• Describe a journey you make often or have made in the past
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EXTRA 1: WRITING A PARAGRAPH (1)

TOPICE SENTENCE & CONCLUDING SENTENCE
WRITE A TOPIC SENTENCE FOR AN ACADEMIC PARAGRAPH
Exercise 1: Read the following piece of writing and answer the questions:
Today, many students have tried their best to learn and use English well because there are
many good points when they know English. Firstly, when they are good at English, they can
have better jobs than other students. For example, students with good English can work at
international companies or even work at high level positions, and their salaries will be higher.
Secondly, they can also go to study abroad in the English-speaking countries. If they do not
know how to speak or communicate in English, they will have trouble in living and studying
there. In conclusion, English helps students to study higher and to find a better-paid job.
1. What is this piece of writing called?

2. What does a paragraph consist of?
3. What is the paragraph about? How do we know?
Exercise 2: Complete the following diagram by filling in the box with the suitable
words from the box
topic sentence concluding sentence body sentences
Today, many students have tried their best to learn and use English well
because there are many good points when they know English
Firstly, when they are good at English, they can have better jobs than
other students. For example, students with good English can work at
international companies or even work at high level positions, and their
salaries will be higher. Secondly, they can also go to study abroad in the
English-speaking countries. If they do not know how to speak or
communicate in English, they will have trouble in living and studying there.
In conclusion, English helps students to study higher and to find a better-

paid job.
Exercise 3: Choose the suitable topic sentence for each of the following paragraphs:
1.) ________________________________________ . First of all, we need money to repair
old roads and build new roads. We also need more to pay teachers’ salaries and to pay for
services such as trash collection. Finally, more tax money is needed to give financial help to
the poor citizens of the city. It is clear that the city will have serious problems if taxes are not
raised soon.
a) We should raise city taxes.
b) City taxes are too high.
c) City taxes pay for new roads.
2.) _________________________________________ . For example, a person can have
breakfast in New York, board an airplane, and have dinner in Paris. A businesswoman in
London can instantly place an order with a factory in Hong Kong by sending a fax.
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Furthermore, a schoolboy in Tokyo can turn on a TV and watch a baseball game being played
in Los Angeles.
a) Airplanes have changed our lives.
b) Advances in technology have made the world seem smaller.
c) The fax machine was an important invention.
3.) _________________________________________ . Firstly, when students are addicted
to playing computer games, they do not usually pay attention to their homework. As a result,
they can get low marks. Secondly, spending a huge amount of time sitting in front of computers
can have bad effects on people’s health. For example, eye problems are the most common
one since most students today have to wear glasses at a very young age.
a) These days, many students and teenagers are interested in playing computer
games or mobile games, but many people do not know its drawbacks.
b) Playing computer games is popular nowadays because it provides people with
many advantages.
c) It is a good idea to play computer games.
4.) _________________________________________ . First of all, cycling helps people to
have strong health. This allows people to exercise while riding to work or to school, resulting
in better health. Second, riding a bicycle is a good way to protect the environment. Cars or
motorbikes use petrol or gas, but bicycles do not. Therefore, when more and more people
decide to use bicycles, the environment would be greener.
a) Bicycle is no longer a popular means of transport because it has many problems.
b) Although bicycle is no longer a popular means of transport, some people still choose
it to travel for some reasons.
c) If people want to have a healthy lifestyle and want to save money, people should
use bicycle to travel to work and school more.
Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer
Today, there are many students who decide to study abroad. What are the advantages of
studying abroad?
“Today, there are many students who decide to study abroad.” is A. topic B. question
“What are the advantages of studying abroad?” is A. topic B. question
Exericse 5: Read the information
Today, there are many students decide to study abroad. What are the advantages of
studying abroad?
▪ Topic sentence 1 (more difficult): These days, a great number of students choose
to study in foreign countries because of its benefits.
▪ Topic sentence 2 (easier): There are some benefits of studying abroad.
Many experts say that reading books is important. Discuss the advantages of
reading books.
▪ Topic sentence 1 (more difficult): Reading plays an important role in people’s life,
for it provides many positive aspects.
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▪ Topic sentence 2 (easier): Reading is beneficial to people in many ways.
play an important role (v): đóng vai trò quan trọng
positive aspects = benefits = advantages (n): mặt tốt
be beneficial to X (adj): có lợi cho X
drawbacks = negative aspects = disadvantages (n): mặt xấu
Many young people now are playing video games too much. Why is it?
▪ Topic sentence 1 (more difficult): These days, many teenagers have become
addicted to playing online video games because of some reasons.
▪ Topic sentence 2 (easier): There are some reasons why many teenagers are
playing video games too much.
Exercise 6: Practice writing the topic sentence for each of the following topic
question.
1. Nowadays, the Internet is really popular. What are the advantages of using the
Internet?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. More and more people prefer eating fast food. Why is it the case?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3.Many people now choose to move from the countryside into big cities to live.
Discuss the disadvantages of living in big cities.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Some people now use bicycles to travel rather than cars. Discuss the advantages of
travelling by bicycle.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
WRITE A CONCLUDING SENTENCE FOR AN ACADEMIC PARAGRAPH
Exercise 7. Choose the correct concluding sentence for each of the following
paragraphs:
1. Morning walk is a simple but excellent exercise. It enhances the flow of oxygen in blood and
relieves us of a lot of stress. It helps us to get rid off laziness and also induces good sleep in
the night. Another additional benefit is that morning walk exposes us to fresh air which keeps
us in touch with nature. _________________________________________
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a In conclusion, morning walk helps people to have better health and get closed to
nature.
b In conclusion, morning walk helps relieve stress.
2. There are some problems when students use computers too much. Firstly, when students
are addicted to playing computer games, they do not usually pay attention to their homework.
As a result, they can get low marks. Secondly, spending a huge amount of time sitting in front
of computers can have bad effects on people’s health. For example, eye problems are the
most common one since most students today have to wear glasses at a very young age.
________
a) In conclusion, using computers too much makes students tired all the time
b) In conclusion, when students use computer game too much, they become unhealthy
and have to wear glasses to go to school.
c) In conclusion, when using computer games excessively, students are likely to develop
health problems and may get bad grades at school
Exericse 8: Read the information
Today, there are many students decide to study abroad. What are the advantages of
studying abroad?
▪ Concluding sentence (more difficult): In conclusion, studying abroad is good for
students because they can learn to be independent and are more likely to earn a
better job in the future.
▪ Concluding sentence (easier): All in all, it is clear that studying abroad is a
beneficial experience.
There are some problems when students play games too much. Firstly, when students are
addicted to playing computer games, they do not usually pay attention to their homework.
As a result, they can get low marks. Secondly, spending a huge amount of time sitting in
front of computers can have bad effects on people’s health. For example, eye problems are
the most common one since most students today have to wear glasses at a very young age.
________
▪ Topic sentence 1 (more difficult): In conclusion, when playing computer games

excessively, students are likely to develop health problems and may get bad grades
at school.
▪ Topic sentence 2 (easier): In conclusion, excessive use of computers is harmful to
children.
Exercise 9: Write the concluding sentence for each of the following paragraph
1.
Over the past few years, computers have been used widely in schools as there are some
advantages of using them in education. Firstly, students learn new skills which will be
extremely useful for their future jobs. For example, they learn to write reports or other
documents using a word processor, and they can practise doing spoken presentations using
PowerPoint slides. Secondly, technology is a powerful tool to engage students. The use of
websites or online videos can make lessons much more interesting, and many students are
more motivated to do homework or research using online resources. __________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2.
In recent years, governments are trying to discourage people from using cars since they cause
serious traffic jam and damage the environment. First and foremost, private cars cannot carry
many passengers at a time, yet occupy more space in the streets. When the number of cars
is increasing on the roads, traffic ham tends to occur far more often. In addition, more cars
mean more toxic emissions would be released into the air. Consequently, humans are
suffering from many respiratory diseases like lung cancer. ___________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3.
Credit cards have a lot of advantages. First of all, credit cards are convenient because you
don’t have to carry a lot of cash around. You can buy the products and services you need
even if you do not have cash in your pocket. In addition, credit cards are very helpful in
emergencies. Finally, you can become a better money manager as you learn to use credit
cards responsibly. __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Exercise 1: Listen to the descriptions and match them with the correct places
department store hotel library police station post office restaurant

sports centre supermarket
1. _______________ 5. _______________
2. _______________ 6. _______________
3. _______________ 7. _______________
4. _______________ 8. _______________
Exercise 2: Listen and decide where each person is.
1. A. at work 4. A. in a car
B. in a car park B. on a bicycle
C. in a shopping centre C. on a motorbike
2. A. on a bus 5. A. at an airport
B. on the underground B. at a police station
C. walking along a street C. on a plane
3. A. on a coach 6. A. at a bus station
B. on a plane B. at a supermarket
C. on a train C. at a train station
Exercise 3: Look at the image. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
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behind between left next opposite right

1. The department store is __________ the bus station.
2. The square is ___________ the bus station and the castle.
3. The hotel is to the ___________ of the bank.
4. The museum is _____________ to the train station.
5. The park is ___________ the restaurant and department store.
6. The sports centre is on the ___________ of the bus station.
Exercise 4: Listen to Dan talking about two towns, Greentown and Brownville. Choose
the correct answers, True or False.
1. Dan works in Brownville.
2. Brownville is bigger than Greentown.
3. The Greentown train station is more modern than the station in Brownville.
4. It’s better to go shopping in Greentown.
5. The biggest shopping centre in Brownville has over sixty stores.
6. There are more things of interest for tourists in Brownville than Greenville.
7. One of the oldest castles in the area is in Brownville.
8. Greentown has better restaurants and bigger hotels than Brownville.
9. The sports centre in Brownville is cheaper than the sports centre in Greentown.
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Exercise 5: Listen to a student talking about Helsinki. Complete the information with A
WORD OR A NUMBER.
1. Helsinki is the ___________ city in Finland.
2. The city’s most important industries are technology and ____________ .
3. Helsinki airport has almost ____________ million passengers a year.
4. The Kiasma Museum is a modern ____________ centre.
5. Some of Europe’s ____________ buildings are in Helsinki.
6. Finland has ___________ lakes than any other country in Europe.
7. Helsinki is an ______________ city for young people.
8. Visitors enjoy the culture, the friendly people and the great ____________ !
Exercise 6: Listen and highlight the stressed syllable in each word. Practise saying
the words.
1. MUSEUM 5. DEPARTMENT STORE
2. STADIUM 6. LIBRARY
3. POLICE STATION 7. LIBRARY
4. CAFÉ 8. THEATRE
Exercise 7: Complete the sentences using the comparative or superlative forms of the
adjectives in brackets. Write one to three words in each gap.
1. The Burj Khalifa is __________ building in the world. (tall)
2. A Rolls Royce car is __________ than an Audi car. (expensive)
3. A city road is __________ than a country road. (busy)
4. Tokyo is ___________ city in the world. (big)
5. Australia is _________ from Africa than Europe. (far)
6. The food is ___________ thing about living here. (good)
7. The hot weather is _________ thing about summer here. (bad)
8. This is ___________ restaurant in the town. (popular)
Exercise 8: Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. The city centre is busy/crowded/full of people at the weekend.
2. My favourite/great/popular place in town is the park.
3. I never feel bored/boring/interesting in my town because there’s so much to do.
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4. The department store is the best place to buy latest/new/newest clothes .
5. My favourite café serves best/healthy/right food .
6. When I feel bad/tired/wrong I relax in the park.
Exercise 9: Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. Practise saying the
sentences.
Most the interesting hometown is place my the in castle
1. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________
Of part castle is the town the old the in
2. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________
Of the area part the near the newest the university town is
3. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________
To visit town the by the river to is the thing the park best
in do
4. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Department the to store is place shopping new the go

best
5. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ _________
I city by the bicycle around usually travel
6. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ ___
Exercise 10: Talk about your hometown. Use the questions to help you. Spend a few
minutes thinking about what to say.
Questions:
• Where do you come from?
• Where are the best places to go shopping in your town?
• What are and where are the oldest and newest parts of your town?
• What’s your favourite place in your town? Why?
• How do you travel around in your town?
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FURTHER LISTENING
Exercise 11: Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
Laptop for sale

• Purpose: placing an advertisement
• Condition: Almost new
• Weight: 1 ……………………
• Make: Allegro
• Memory: 0.5 gigabytes
• Screen size: 2 ……………………
• Touch pad but with cordless mouse
• Number of ports: 3 ……………………
• Battery lasts: 4 ……………………
• Latest programs: Not 5 ………………….
Extra
• Web cam
• Printer with 6 ………………..
• Smart case
• Price: 7 ………………..
Contact details
• Name: David 8 ……………….
• E-mail address: DIB_7791 @hotmail.com
• Mobile number: 9 …………………..
• Advert placed 10 …………………
Exercise 12: Listen and match the pictures 1-5 with the sentences you hear (a-e).
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d)
.
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READING AND WRITING
Exercise 1: Match the activities with the pictures. Use the words in the box.
airport bus station department store market museum park

restaurant train station
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
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Exercise 2: Read a magazine article about a city. Then complete the exercise.
Madrid, the capital city of Spain, is a great place to visit. It is possible to see some of the
important places in one week, but it is better to stay for two weeks if you want to see all of
them. It is good to stay in a hotel in the city centre, because you will be close to most places
to visit, but it can be expensive. It is cheaper to stay in the north of the city, and it is easy to
travel to the centre by bus or train. The bus is slower than the train, but you will be able to
see the different parts of the city. There are a number of interesting museums and art
galleries in Madrid. The most famous museum is the Prado, which has many famous
paintings. This museum is close to a big, beautiful park with many trees and flowers, and a
big lake, where you can rent a boat. Many people like to walk or ride bicycles in the park.
There are many great places where visitors to Madrid can have lunch. Instead of going to a
restaurant, try the Mercado de San Miguel, a big indoor market with many types of tasty
Spanish food. Remember that Spanish people eat dinner later, between 9:00 p.m. and 10:00
p.m., so most restaurants will not be open between 5:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. Don’t wait until
you arrive at the airport to buy presents to take home. There are many good shops, and a
famous department store which is the best place to buy food, clothes and gifts.
two weeks in Madrid. is the most famous museum in Madrid. in the park.
is a good place to eat lunch. between 9:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. by bus or train.
1. It is a good idea to stay
2. You can travel to the city centre
3. The Prado
4. You can rent a boat
5. The Mercado de San Miguel
6. Most Spanish people eat dinner
Exercise 3: Read the magazine article again. Then choose True or False
1. In one week, you can see all of the important places in Madrid.
2. It is difficult to travel to the centre from the north of the city.
3. The Prado museum is not very famous.
4. It takes longer to travel by bus than by train.
5. A lot of people like to cycle in the park.
6. The writer says that visitors to Madrid should have lunch in a restaurant.
7. Between 5:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., most restaurants in Madrid are closed.
8. The writer says that visitors to Madrid shouldn’t buy presents at a department store.
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Exercise 4: Read the texts about different cities. Then complete the exercise.
A Joel from London

There are so many different activities to do in London that you will never get bored. My
favourite thing about London is probably the choice of food. You can find everything from
Italian to Iranian food! A lot of people think that it is expensive to eat in London, but it
depends where you go to eat. There are plenty of good markets that sell excellent and
cheap food. The worst thing about living in London is definitely all the cars. I never drive
there because it is too dangerous.
B Alice from Birmingham
Many people say that Birmingham is not a beautiful city, but I don’t think this is true at all.
There are some lovely parks and green areas, especially around the university. Birmingham
is also a great city for eating and shopping and it is much cheaper to live there than in
London, where I lived for two years. The thing I dislike about living in Birmingham is the
pollution, the dirty air. It is worse now than it was in the past because of all the cars.
C David from Cardiff
Cardiff is quite a small city, but there are a lot of interesting museums and art galleries to
visit. It is also a really good place for watching sports games like football and rugby. Because
Cardiff is not a very big city, a lot of visitors find that people are very friendly and will always
help you to find your way around. The worst thing about living in Cardiff is the weather. It
rains a lot in the winter.
D Fiona from Edinburgh
Edinburgh is a nice city with beautiful old buildings. It is very good for food and
entertainment. Because it is a small city, you can walk to places easily and you do not
normally need to use public transport. The worst thing about living in Edinburgh is that it can
be very busy in the summer when there are a lot of tourists. I prefer it in winter, when it is
cold and snowy.
Match the information with the correct paragraph. Write A, B, C, or D.

1. You can watch a lot of sports games in this city.
2. This city is not good for driving.
3. This city is not expensive to live in.
4. The people in this city are helpful if you get lost.
5. There are a lot of people visiting this city in the summer.
6. The food in this city is not as expensive as people think.
7. It is easy to travel on foot in this city.
8. A lot of people think that this is not an attractive city.
Exercise 5: Read the newspaper article about cycling in cities.
Today, many large cities around the world have too many cars on their roads. This is bad
for cities, because it takes people a long time to travel to work, and there are many more
car accidents. However, the biggest problem with cars is that there is lot of pollution in cities.
This is bad for people’s health. One way to stop this problem is for people to leave their cars
at home and use public transport, for example buses and trains. Many cities like London
and Paris now have a new cleaner way for people to travel. They can rent bicycles to travel
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around the city. It is a healthy and cheap way to travel, and many people now prefer to use
bicycles for short journeys.
In London, there are special stations to rent bicycles. People take a bicycle from one station
and return it to a different station later in the day. It costs £2.00 to rent a bicycle for 30
minutes, £3.00 for one hour, and £5.00 for two hours. There are many different bicycle
stations around the city. Most of the stations are in the city centre, but there are also some
stations in areas where people live and near places like parks and museums. The most
popular time for people to use these bicycles is at the weekend, but many people also use
the bicycles to travel to work in the mornings on weekdays. In Paris, people can rent bicycles
in the same way as they can in London, but Paris has more bicycle stations than London.
There are many cities around the world where people can rent bicycles in this way. The first
bicycle stations were in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, while Hangzhou is the first city in
China to build a set of bicycle stations. Copenhagen in Denmark has the most modern
bicycles. The bicycles there have computer screens which give people directions to different
places in the city. Copenhagen is a very good city for riding bicycles. There is a lot of space
for people to cycle on the roads, and there are even some special traffic lights for bicycles.
It is not surprising that more people travel by bicycle in Copenhagen than by car. In the
future, it is likely that people will be able to rent bicycles in many more cities around the
world. This means that there will be fewer cars and less pollution.
Riding bicycles is not only a good way to stop pollution. Many people say that they also feel
happier when they ride a bicycle than they do when they drive a car, or take a bus or train.
This is because they feel healthier, have more energy and can also save money. More
people now travel to work by bicycle in many cities than before and people are more likely
to go shopping in areas of the city that are close to bicycle stations. The areas close to
bicycle stations are even becoming popular places for people to live.
1. The most important problem with cars in cities is longer travel times/ more car
accidents/ more pollution.
2. To rent a bicycle in London for one hour costs £2.00/£3.00/£5.00.
3. Most of the bicycle stations in London are in the city centre/near people’s
houses/near parks and museums.
4. The most popular time for people to rent bicycles in London is at the weekend/in the
mornings/on weekdays.
5. In Paris, the number of bicycle stations is smaller than in London/larger than in
London/the same as in London.
6. The first country to have bicycle stations was China/Denmark/The Netherlands.
7. For people riding bicycles, Copenhagen has a lot of space/stations/traffic lights.
8. Bicycle stations in cities have changed where people go shopping/where people
work/where people live.
Exercise 6: Look at the maps of New City in 2007 and 2017. Complete the sentences
with the missing information.
25
1. New City has a river in the middle/north/south of the city.

2. The bus station is in the east/north/south of the city.
3. The train station moved to the north/east/west of the city in 2017.
4. The hospital in 2017 is smaller than/bigger than/the same as it was in 2007.
5. In 2007, there were fewer/more/no places to go shopping in the city.
6. The new airport is west/north/south of the shopping centre.
7. The river is now the busiest/quietest/smallest area of the city.
8. There are fewer/more/less schools in 2017 than in 2007.
Exercise 7: Complete the table with the correct adjective, comparative or superlative
forms.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
1 small the smallest
2 bigger
3 the most expensive
4 important
5 easier
6 the best
7 bad
8 much/many the most
9 a lot the most
Exercise 8: Choose the correct words to complete the paragraph.

There were some (1) big/bigger/biggest changes to New City between 2007 and 2017.
Perhaps the most important change is that there are now (2) a lot/more/most types of
transport. There is a new bus station and an airport. The buildings are also much (3)
tall/taller/tallest than they were in 2007. There are many new modern apartment buildings and
26
the new hospital is much (4) modern/more modern/most modern than the old one. In 2007,
the river was (5) quiet/quieter/quietest than it is now. There were not (6) a lot of/the most/most
shops and restaurants. Now there are more shops and restaurants and the area is much (7)
busy/busier/busiest than it was before. Most people who live in New City think that it is a (8)
good/better/best place to live now than it was in 2007.
Exercise 9: Put the description of two maps of a city in 2007 and 2017 in the correct
order.
A Firstly, there are more types of transport than in the past. In 2007, New City had just one
train station in the west of the city. The city now has an airport in the north east and a bus
station in the south west. In addition, people can rent bicycles in several areas of the city
centre.
B It is an attractive city with a river and several green areas. The main centre is opposite a
large park. The two biggest changes to New City that we can see are the different types of
public transport and buildings.
C Secondly, the buildings in New City are very different today. In 2007, most people lived
in houses. Now, there are new apartment buildings. There is a bigger, more modern
hospital, and there are many more shops and restaurants, including a large new shopping
centre in the east of the city.
D The two maps show some of the main changes to a city between 2007 and 2017. The
name of the city is New City.
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____

Exercise 10
The two maps below show a town before and after some changes. Write a summary of the
main changes. Use the notes to help you.
Notes
1 Describe the changes and give examples.
2 Use comparative and superlative adjectives.
27
UNIT 7: JOBS,
WORK, AND
STUDY
28
UNIT 7: JOBS, WORK, AND STUDY
Exercise 1: Listen to the descriptions and match them with the correct jobs
Chef lifeguard receptionist shop assistant teacher video game designer
1. _______________ 5. _______________
2. _______________ 6. _______________
3. _______________ 7. _______________
4. _______________ 8. _______________
Exercise 2: Listen to the conversations and match the people with their skills.
A. can talk about things that are interesting for tourists

B. is friendly and helpful
C. cooks many types of food
D. knows a lot about sport
E. speaks several languages
F. likes working with children
1 ____. 2 ____. 3 ____. 4 ____.
5 ____. 6 ____. 7 ____. 8 ____.
Exercise 3: Listen and choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
3. I’m very sorry, but I don’t think I can/can’t

1. I can/can’t speak 2 languages.
help you.
4. He could/couldn’t run very fast last year,

2. Because I could/couldn’t start my car
but now he can/can’t.
Exercise 4: Listen to John talking about what he could do when he was a boy and
what he can do now. Complete the paragraphs with ONE WORD
When I was a young child, I wasn’t very good at sports. I couldn’t (1)_________ football
and I couldn’t swim, but I could (2)_________ very fast – faster than most of the other
children of my age. I remember we had lots of (3)___________ at school and I always
(4)___________ . I learnt to read early and by the age of six or seven I could read all the
books for children in the school library. I also (5)____________ my own stories.
I am studying (6)___________ at university now. My main language is English and I can
also (7)___________ French and Spanish quite well and I can (8)___________ Italian
news online. I still enjoy writing and I write lots of articles for the university magazine. I also
work on the magazine, because students can help others to write better. I am also good at
speaking and enjoy giving my opinion in (9)____________ . I always use my laptop to write
29
presentations which have photos, drawings or video and so I have good (10)___________
skills as well. I am still interested in running and I take part in lots of university races.
Exercise 6: Choose the correct prepositions to complete the sentences.

1. My mother usually starts work at/in/on nine o’clock.
2. I work at/in/on a shop; it’s very hard work.
3. We’re not working at/in/on Friday, it’s our day off.
4. My brother is a doctor; he works at/in/on a big hospital.
5. When my sister finishes her studies she wants to work at/in/on fashion.
6. I’m studying at/in/on university to be a teacher.
Exercise 7: Listen to the sentences. Are they positive or negative?
1. Positive Negative 5. Positive Negative

Exercise 8: Match the words to make skills.
English people a car a bicycle a marathon the internet
1. Ride
2. Drive
3. Run
4. Speak
5. Interview
6. surf
Exercise 10: Talk about your skills. Use these questions to help you. Spend a few
Questions:
• What skills did or didn't you have when you were younger?
• What skills do you have or are you learning now?
• What job do you want to do in the future?
• What skills do you need to learn to do the job?
30
FURTHER LISTENING
Exercise 11: Listen and complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
GOOD MOVES ACCOMMODATION AGENCY
Call taken by: Ben

Name: 1 ______________
Telephone: 2 ______________
Heard about us from: 3 ______________
Type of accommodation preferred: 4 ______________
Number of people: 5 ______________
Preferred location: Wants to be close to 6 ______________
Price: maximum 7 ______________ pounds per person (including 8 ______________ )
Additional notes:
- I suggest Flat 3 at 9 ______________ Road in Bampton.
- I will send further details to the customer by 10 ______________
Exercise 12: Listen to the audio track and label the map below.
1. Quilt Shop ____________

2. Handicrafts Museum ____________
3. School House ____________
31
READING
Exercise 1: Match the sentence halves.

1. I use A. a job in a bank.
2. I have to write B. a lot of essays this week.
3. My brother wants to learn C. maths when I was at school.

4. I have to take D. a computer to do my homework.
5. My sister has just got E. a test before I start college.

6. I enjoy talking F. two new languages this year!
7. I spend G. to people on my course.
8. I was good at doing H. a lot of my time studying.
Exercise 2: Match the sentences with the same meaning.
I worked long hours. The company was a long way from my home.
The factory was very noisy. The job was boring. The job was well paid.
The pay was very low.
1. I started work at seven and didn’t finish until six. _____________

2. The machinery was so loud that you couldn’t hear anybody talk. ______________
3. I only earned £2 an hour. _________________
4. I got £20 an hour. ______________________
5. I had to do the same things every day. ________________
6. It took me nearly two hours to get to work every day.___________________
Exercise 3: Read the blog posts by people with different jobs. Choose the correct
words to complete the blog posts.
James, 23. The best part of my job is the children. They say so many (1) busy/clever/easy
things and know so much already. I often feel like I can see them learning. It is important to
be very (2) boring/difficult/kind to do this job and not to get angry. And, of course, you need
to be able to talk in a way that young people can understand. I work very (3) clever/easy/hard
and I often have to take work home at the weekends and in the holidays. But it is worth it at
the end of the school term, when the children tell me how much they enjoyed being in my
class.
Isabelle, 34. The part of my job that I enjoy the most is meeting new people and finding out
about their health. Speaking to people is very (4) awful/busy/important in my job, because I
need to be able to explain things clearly to sick people and their families. This can be a (5)
32
clever/difficult/friendly job. When I first started working in the hospital, I was worried that I
wouldn’t be able to take care of everyone, especially when the hospital was very (6)
busy/interesting/kind , but the other staff were very helpful, and I really enjoy working there
now.
Gary, 28. The best part of my job is that I can spend so much time doing a sport I enjoy and
get paid for it. I also have the chance to travel around the world and it’s great that I can get
to meet so many (7) easy/favourite/interesting people. I love talking to fans and taking
photographs with them. Of course, the job is not always fun. It makes me very tired and it
can be very difficult, especially on the days when I don’t play well. I have to play the best I
can at all times and that isn’t always (8) easy/kind/popular .
Sarah, 19. My favourite part of the job is talking to people and helping them to decide what
to buy. I prefer my job when the shop is busy and there are a lot of people to help. It can be
a bit (9) boring/busy/interesting when the shop is really quiet. I like making the clothes look
nice so that customers will want to buy them. I also enjoy seeing the new clothes before
anyone else and wearing the latest fashions. Of course, there are some difficult people, but
most of them are really nice and (10) awful/favourite/friendly.
Exercise 4: Read the blog posts about different jobs again. Choose the correct
answers. James, Isabelle, Gary, or Sarah?
1. Who is happiest when busy? 5. Who often does work at home?
2. Who needs to be kind to do the job? 6. Who often talks to families?
3. Who doesn’t always do the job well? 7. Who is the person that sees new
things?
4. Who had help from other people when
starting the job? 8. Who travels to different countries?
Exercise 5: Read about subjects that are taught in schools and complete the text
Most students learn subjects like English, Maths, Science and Geography at school.
However, some people don’t think that these subjects are so useful for students. They think
that these subjects will not help students to get a job later, after they leave school. So, some
schools have started to teach new subjects to their students, which they think will be more
useful to them in the future.
Some schools want their students to study subjects which they think will be more helpful for
them to get a job in the future. One school in the United States has decided to teach their
students how to do different things using computers. Their students are learning how to
write computer programs and how to design mobile phone apps. Their students enjoy these
new subjects, and would like to have more lessons to improve their computer skills.
Other schools want their students to learn more daily life skills. A school in the UK is teaching
their students about what they should eat to stay healthy and how to cook healthy meals. In
the past, most children learnt how to cook at school, but today, many schools have stopped
teaching cooking, so that they can spend more time on subjects like Science and Maths.
However, this UK school teaches cooking as well as other skills such as how to save money.
33
Finally, learning how to speak and write well is very important for both work and family life.
Some people think that children do not learn these skills properly in school, because they
spend so much time studying for tests. Therefore, a school in Singapore has started
teaching their students how to speak and write well, and how to speak in a good way to
young people and adults.
Complete the summary with words from the box. Read about subjects that are taught
in schools on the first screen again to help you.
future job money practice skills subjects work
Some schools are now teaching new things to their students which will be more useful to them
in the (1) ___________. Some of the new (2) ___________, such as Computer Programming,
can help students get a (3) ___________ when they leave school. Others help them to learn
important (4) ___________ in the home, for example, how to cook healthy meals and how to
save (5) ___________. Finally, more (6) ___________ in speaking and writing can also help
young people get on well with other people when they leave school, both at (7) ___________
and at home.
Exercise 6: Read the essay about tests in school. Label the paragraphs with the
correct phrases from the box.
i. Agree with the title ii. Disagree with the title iii. Introduction of the topic
iv. Summary of the main points
THESE DAYS, CHILDREN DO TOO MANY TESTS AT SCHOOL

A. __________________________
Every year, many students do tests at school. These tests are important because they show
that children understand their school subjects, but some people think that it is not good for
children to take too many tests. I think there are advantages and disadvantages to taking
tests.
B. __________________________
Some people think that children do too many tests at school. They think that children spend
too much time studying for tests and this makes children bored of the subject. For example,
if students spend a lot of time studying for English tests, this might make them think that
learning English is boring. Children may also feel worried about taking tests. If they fail the
test, they might think that they are not good at learning.
C. __________________________
However, other people think that it is important for children to take a lot of tests. They think
that tests can help teachers see if children understand the subjects. They also think that
teachers can make taking tests fun for their students by playing games to help them prepare.
These people think that if children have a test, they will pay more attention to their lessons
and they will do more work at home and at a school.
D. __________________________
34
It is important for children to do tests in school because teachers need to know that their
students understand the subject. Doing tests also helps children to pay attention in class
and spend their time well. However, schools should not give too many tests to their students,
because this will make children feel bored.
Tests there to are advantages and disadvantages taking
1. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ .
Many students too do think some people tests that
2. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
Spend a lot of students firstly, tests time for studying
3. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
Feel taking students worried secondly, may tests about
4. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
Time also, for students have activities other won't
5. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________.
However, that it's think tests to good take other people
6. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ .
Important students work hard for it's to
7. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________.
Much students schools shouldn't work give too
8. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ .
35
Further Reading
Exercise 7: Read a passage about coral reefs and answer the questions
SERVICE WORKERS ARE THE HAPPIEST STAFF

New research shows that cleaners are some of the happiest workers in Britain, along with
child carers, medical secretaries, hairdressers and petrol pump attendants.
The study of 35,000 employees found that the highest levels of job satisfaction were among
those providing personal service, even if the pay is poor. There are highly paid professional
and managerial staff who enjoy excellent pay and conditions, but many of these appear to
hate their jobs. Civil servants lie almost at the bottom of the league table, with solicitors and
various engineers and scientists not far behind.
Michael Rose of Bath University, who led the study, said a key element of job satisfaction
was the potential to work part-time and unsupervised. A cleaner’s job may not appeal to all,
but it has hidden perks. ‘You can trim your hours and you don't have a supervisor breathing
down your neck all the time. You can sit in the boss’s chair and smoke a cigarette if you feel
like it,’ he said. Petrol pump attendants, too, had a choice of working part-time shifts with
relatively little direct supervision.
One explanation offered for the high job satisfaction rate of medical secretaries - at the top
of the league with 75% of them happy in their job is that they are ‘doing something useful’.
Seeing that you are playing a key role in the delivery of healthcare is very satisfying, despite
the low pay scale of £8,000-£15,000.
The study divides overall satisfaction into Material satisfaction such as money, promotion
and security - and Quality satisfaction - which involves the job, relations with the boss and
hours. Taxation experts and prison officers score high marks for material satisfaction but
low marks for quality satisfaction. The profile of carpenters and ambulance staff is the
opposite: high on quality and low on material satisfaction.
The report strongly warns against the rapid growth of telephone call centres, noting that
telephone staff register some of the lowest levels of job satisfaction. It also gives a warning
that many computer and communications occupations also record ‘poor to dismal’ levels of
job satisfaction.
Do the following statements agree with information in the reading passage?

Write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. Some of the people who are happiest in their jobs may be poorly paid.
2. Solicitors have a high level of job satisfaction.
3. Working without supervision is an important factor in job satisfaction.
4. Working as a medical secretary involves long hours and hard work.
5. Taxation experts have a high level of quality satisfaction.
36
6. The report does not recommend increasing the number of call centres.
7. People working in the computer industry generally enjoy their work.
A. Nadine Theron, 32 Physiotherapist, Johannesburg, South Africa

When I was 151 used to have to get up at 5 a.m. and go out on a horse-drawn cart,
searching our neighborhood for people who were throwing away tins, pans and anything
else made of metal that could be recycled. We lived in a poor northern shanty town on the
outskirts of the city and times were very hard. To make a Irving we had to collect every bit
of scrap metal we could, which we then sold to a factory, who paid a few cents for every
kilo. I had to sit on the cart while my father pulled the mule along, and I had to shout out
non-stop 'We're buying tins, pots and pans’. There were days when we had to spend hours
going through dark alleys to collect enough scrap metal to make even the small amount of
money, we needed to buy that day's food.
B. Tanja Lindberg, 46 Diplomat Helsinki, Finland
I was 17 years old and keen to improve both my money situation and my German, so I got
a job packing eggs in Lower Saxony for two months. I was there with a friend, which certainly
helped, but the really difficult thing was the 6 a.m. start and the subsequent ten-hour day,
standing at an assembly line packing eggs into boxes of six or ten. Occasionally, when eggs
were out of date or unsold, they were returned to the plant and I would get egg-breaking
duty. This involved me standing next to a big metal industrial vat throwing in all these rotten
eggs. The smell was absolutely terrible I had done some agricultural work before, when I
was very young - picking out turnips which were too small to be sold. Packing eggs was
much, much worse, and for once I was grateful when I went back to school after the holidays.
C. Koshi Domoto, 39 Data Analyst. Tokyo. Japan
I was 18 when I opted out of going to college and started working as a cleaner or 'sanitary
worker' in the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo. My job involved cleaning the area where fish, like
tuna, are cut up and auctioned each day. To the outsider, the market is an extremely
interesting place because most of Tokyo's fish and sushi are obtained from here, but my
memories of my time at Tsukiji are terrible. The smell of fish never seemed to leave my
body. The Japanese are generally tolerant people, but my family decided that I smelt so bad
that I would have to move to the back room of our house, which got very cold in wintertime.
Around that time, I met a girl who I loved and wanted to marry, but she could not bear the
thought of being married to a fish market cleaner. After a while, I found a job as a trainee
fishmonger preparing fish for sushi chefs, so things got better. I subsequently studied for a
degree at night school and now work for a financial services company. Life is altogether
better and I now have some prospects for the future.
D. Chen Liang. 22 Waiter, Shanghai, China
Earlier this year I worked as a sales representative for a transportation company. My work
started at 8 30 a.m. and I was expected to spend the whole day travelling around visiting
different businesses and trying to convince them to use our transportation services. The
only problem was that I was very inexperienced and young, and nobody knew who I was in
the companies I visited. Consequently, I would spend whole days without getting enjoy
returning to my office at the end of the day. as the boss would give me a hard time, like any
boss he wants to make money and my failures made him pretty unhappy.
37
Read the four texts more carefully to answer these questions. Circle the correct
answer(s) A, B, C, or D in each case. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. Who mentions unpleasant smells in the job they did? A B C D
2. Who needed to travel as part of their work? A B C D
3. Who worked with a friend? A B C D
4. Who worked with a member of their family? A B C D
5. Who was often unsuccessful in their work? A B C D
6. Who lived at home while they were working? A B C D
7. Who describes starting work early in the morning as hard? A B C D
8. Who mentions their present career? A B C D
9. Who was the youngest at the time of the job they describe? A B C D
10. Who mentions they had worked before the job they describe? A B C D
38
LANGUAGE BUILDER
Exercise 1: Match the words with the pictures. Use the words in the box.
Answer the phone build a wall clean the floor cut hair make drinks wash
dishes
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.
Exercise 2: Complete the table with the opposites. Use the words in the box.
Clean easy great high interesting light short
1.dirty 5.terrible
2.low 6.hard
3.boring 7.heavy
4.long
Exercise 3: Match the sentences.
I worked long hours. The company was a long way from my home.
The factory was very noisy. The job was boring. The job was well paid.
The pay was very low.
39
1. I started work at seven and didn’t finish until six. _____________
2. The machinery was so loud that you couldn’t hear anybody talk. ______________
3. I only earned £2 an hour. _________________
4. I got £20 an hour. ______________________
5. I had to do the same things every day. ________________
6. It took me nearly two hours to get to work every day.___________________
Exercise 4: Listen to two students, Mark and Jacky, talking about the jobs they had
during the summer holidays. Choose the correct answers.
1. Jacky worked in a busy 4. Mark worked as a waiter for
a) café. a) a week.
b) office b) two weeks.
c) restaurant c) five weeks.
2. She worked for 5. At the hairdresser’s, Mark
a) a week. a) cut people’s hair.
b) two weeks. b) cleaned the floor.
c) three weeks. c) washed people’s hair.
3. The manager was very 6. Mark liked working
a) nice. a) indoors.
b) pleasant. b) outdoors.
c) loud. c) long hours
Exercise 5: Listen again to Jacky talking about her job. Match the questions with the
answers.
He wasn’t very nice. No, she got a job in an office. She wrote emails, answered
the phone and made drinks for people. Yes, it was OK. Yes, she earned quite a lot
of money.
1. Did she work in a restaurant? ________________________________________

2. Did she like her job? ________________________________________
3. What was the manager like? ________________________________________
4. Was the job well paid? ________________________________________
5. What work did she do? ________________________________________
Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
Did did learn didn't earned got left liked stopped

were worked
Jacky: What ____________ you do in the summer? Did you get a job?
Mark: Yes, I worked as a waiter for a bit. I ______________ doing that after a week,
though. The pay was so low. I only ____________ £5 an hour and it was quite hard work.
40
Jacky: And so what did you do after that?
Mark: I ____________ a job at a hairdresser’s.
Jacky: Oh no, I can’t believe that!
Mark: What are you thinking? I_______________ cut people’s hair!
Jacky: So what did you do, then?
Mark: I _________________ as a cleaner. I had to clean the floor! There was always hair
everywhere. It was a bit boring, but the people ______________ nice.
Jacky: Did you earn much?
Mark: No, just £4 an hour.

Jacky: That’s terrible!
Mark: Yes. That’s why I _______________ and got another job.

Jacky: Another job? That’s too much!
Mark: I got a job with a builder for the last few weeks of the holiday. The hours were long,
but the money was very good.
Jacky: Was it hard work?
Mark: Yes, I had to carry lots of heavy things around, but I ________________ to build
walls, so it was OK. And I _______________ being outdoors in the fresh air
41
42
EXTRA 2: WRITING A PARAGRAPH (2)

BODY SENTENCES
Read again the paragraph from the Extra 1 lesson and answer the questions:
Firstly, when they are good at English, they can have better jobs than
other students.
For example, students with good English can work at international

companies or even work at high level positions, and their salaries will be
higher.
Secondly, they can also go to study abroad in the English-speaking

countries
If they do not know how to speak or communicate in English, they will

have trouble in living and studying there.
1. What is the function of each sentence above?

SOME METHODS TO EXPAND AND SUPPORT YOUR IDEAS
1. Giving examples
1. Sitting too much could put people’s health in bad condition. For example, students could
become inactive and overweight, and some people even have serious back problems.
Linking words to show example: For example, For instance, To illustrate,
2. The sources of noise in the city can be found everywhere. ________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Online shopping is really convenient. _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Living in big cities can be expensive. __________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Playing computer games can help players develop some skills. _____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
43
2. Giving reasons
1. Going to bed late could make people’s health in bad condition. This is because our bodies
do not have enough sleep and energy to function normally.
Linking words to show reason: This is because The main reason is that
2. Cars and motorbikes can cause a huge amount of air pollution. ____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Travelling by bus can help to protect the environment. ___________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Students are easy to get bad scores if they get addicted to smartphones. _____________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Giving Results
1. Going to bed late could make people’s health in bad condition. As a result, people feel
really sleepy the next day and cannot work or study properly.
Linking words to show reason: Therefore, As a results, Consequently,
2. With online shopping, people can buy almost anything while sitting at home. __________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Many teenagers do not care about much about money, so they buy many clothes that
they do not even wear. ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Get Creative
We usually combine the methods to write longer.
1. Main idea – Example 1 – Example 2
2. Main idea – Example – Result
3. Main idea – Reason – Result
4. Main idea – Example – Reason
=> [Main idea] A great number of people do not eat enough three meals a day. [Reason]
This is because people focus too much on working or studying, [Result] so many people
tend to skip one or two meals to catch up with the workload.
44
Give 1 main idea and then support the main idea with 1 of the 4 ways above.
1. WHAT IS ONE ADVANTAGE OF FAST FOOD?
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2. WHAT IS ONE REASON MORE AND MORE PEOPLE GO TO THE GYM?
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45
WRITING
Exercise 1: Put the sentences in the correct order to complete the paragraph.
A Firstly, they can learn about many different subjects, from Maths to Music.
B However, other people say that school does not help many young people to get a job in
the future.
C Many people think that school is very important for young people.
D For example, how to write computer programs or make things with their hands.
E Also, they can learn other important life skills, such as how to make friends and get on
well with other people.
F Secondly, they can learn useful skills in school, like how to learn another language and
write essays.
G They think that children need to learn more practical skills for work.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Exercise 2: Complete the paragraph. Use the words and phrases from the box. One
word or phrase is used twice.
Firstly for example however I think many students secondly
(1)____________ use computers to help them with their school work. (2)______________
there are advantages and disadvantages with using computers at school.
(3)______________, using computers can be helpful for finding information about different
school subjects. (4)___________, students can find websites and games to help them learn
a different language. (5)______________, young people enjoy using new technology and they
often work better when they use computers. (6)_______________, using computers can also
stop young people from studying because there are so many other things they can do.
(7)______________, they might check their email, play games or watch videos instead of
working.
46
Exercise 3: Read the sentences from the paragraph. Then match the sentences with
the information.
A Many students use computers to help them with their school work.
B I think there are advantages and disadvantages with using computers at school.
C Firstly, using computers can be helpful for finding information about different school
subjects.
D For example, students can find websites and games to help them learn a different
language.
E Secondly, young people enjoy using new technology and they often work better when
they use computers.
F However, using computers can also stop young people from studying because there are
so many other things they can do.
G For example, they might check their email, play games or watch videos instead of
working.
A disadvantage An example of a disadvantage The writer’s opinion

An example of an advantage Another advantage First advantage
Introduction of the topic
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
6. F
7. G
Exercise 4: Choose one of the following topics to write a paragraph.

1. What are some advantages of doing homework?
2. What are some disadvantages of doing homework?
Planning ideas
Advantages Disadvantages
Idea 1: ____________________________ Idea 1: ____________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
=> Support: _________________________ => Support: _________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
Idea 2: ____________________________ Idea 2: ____________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
47
___________________________________ ___________________________________
=> Support: _________________________ => Support: _________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
Idea 3: ____________________________ Idea 3: ____________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
=> Support: _________________________ => Support: _________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
WRITING
(Introduction) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(Body) ___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(Conclusion) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
48
UNIT 8: HEALTH
AND MEDICINE
49
UNIT 8: HEALTH AND MEDICNE
Exercise 1: Listen and match the speakers with the activities.

1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
50
Exercise 2: Listen to the speakers and choose the correct answers, True or False.
1. The speaker thinks enjoying art and 4. The speaker thinks getting enough sleep
music is expensive. is important.
o True o True
o False o False
2. The speaker thinks reading isn’t 5. The speaker thinks drinking water is
interesting. healthy.
o True o True
o False o False
3. The speaker thinks going out with friends 6. The speaker thinks playing basketball is
isn’t expensive. relaxing.
o True o True
o False o False
Exercise 3: Listen to the sentences with should and shouldn’t. Choose the correct
answers.
1. 2.
o should o should
o shouldn't o shouldn't
3. 4.
o should o should
5. 6.
o should o should
Exercise 4: Listen to Susan talking about the Park Health Centre. Choose have to or
don’t have to to complete the sentences.
1. You have to/don’t have to feel ill or sick to visit the centre.
2. You have to/don’t have to be a member to visit the centre.
3. Members have to/don’t have to live in the local area.
4. You have to/don’t have to be looking for advice for a health problem to join the
centre.
5. If you want to join yoga or Pilates classes, you have to/don’t have to have some
experience.
6. You have to/don’t have to be a great cook to do the healthy eating classes.
51
Exercise 5: Listen and match each opinion with one of the two speakers, David or
Emma.
1. You should do exercise with other people. David / Emma
2. You don’t have to be fit to play sport David / Emma
3. You shouldn’t eat fast food. David / Emma
4. You shouldn’t drink coffee. David / Emma
5. You should drink tea and lots of water. David / Emma
6. You should watch a few hours of TV to relax. David / Emma
7. You shouldn’t listen to music when you study. David / Emma
Exercise 6: Match the words and phrases.
healthy diet outdoors the gym on exams regular breaks from computer
work people personal trainer healthy
1.join
2. exercise with other
3.exercise
4.pay for a
5.follow a
6.focus
7.take
8.keep
Exercise 7: Listen and complete the sentences with the words and phrases you hear.
4. you _________sleep _________ hours a

1.you _________do more ________.
night.
2. you _________ eat too much 5. you _________ drink a lot of

_________. ____________.
3. you _________ drink two litres of 6. you _________ follow a

____________ a day. ____________.
52
Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with should or shouldn’t and a verb from the box
to give good advice. Two verbs in the box are used twice.
Drink eat get spend
1. You ________ _________ a lot of water when you do exercise.

2. Young people ________ _________ too much time playing computer games.
3. If you want to _________ fit, you _________ go to the gym.
4. You ________ _________ lots of fruit and vegetables if you want to be healthy.
5. If you want to be fit, you ________ _________ fast food.
6. When you’re young, you ________ _________ a lot of sleep every night.
Exercise 9: Look at the picture and complete the description. Use the phrases in the
box.
I think because is drinking is eating is playing is sitting it looks

the picture shows there are
___________ a boy in a living room. ___________ some chairs, a sofa, a table, a lamp, a
television and a computer. The boy _______________ fast food, such as burger and chips,
and he ________________cola. I think the boy should eat more fruit and vegetables and drink
more water _______________ he doesn’t look very healthy. He shouldn’t eat fast food and
drink cola. He should play some sport as well. _____________ the boy _________________
video games because he _______________ in front of his computer.
____________________ like he’s a little bit too heavy so he should do some exercise.
53
Exercise 10: Look at the picture and read the instructions. Spend a few minutes
thinking about what to say.
In your talk, you should:

• talk generally about what you can see
• give specific details about the picture
• give your opinion and reasons
• use words and language related to health
• give advice using should and shouldn’t
• talk for 1–2 minutes.
FURTHER LISTENING
Exercise 11: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR
A NUMBER for each answer.
MOVING COMPANY SERVICE REPORT
Full Name: Jane Bold

Phone Number: 1 ___________
USA Address: 509 2 ___________ House, 1137 University 3 ___________, Seattle
Parking day: 4 ___________
Date: 11th March
Clean-up by: 5:00 pm
Day: 5 ___________ 14th
About the price: rather expensive
Storage time: 6 ___________
54
Write the correct letter, A, B, or C, next to questions 7-10.

A in emergency pack
B in personal package
C in storage with the furniture
Items
7 cutlery and dishes ___________
8 kettle ___________
9 alarm clock ___________
10 CD player ___________
Exercise 12: You are going to hear two young people discussing what there is for
university students to do in their town. Listen and label the map below.
A. Restaurant 1. __________
B. Bowling alley 2. __________
C. Swimming baths 3. __________
D. Park 4. __________
E. Disco 5. __________
F. Cafe
G. Leisure centre
55
READING

exercise class. sugar and salt. water. sleep. college or work.
fruit and vegetables. gym.
1. Eat plenty of
2. Drink plenty of
3. Walk to
4. Don’t eat too much
5. Get enough
6. Join a
7. Take an
Exercise 2: Read the article giving advice on how to follow a healthy diet. Then
complete the exercise. Write A, B, C, or D.
A Introduction
The new year is the most popular time for many people to think about what they eat and to
try to be healthier. However, it is not always easy to change what you eat and many people
give up their healthy diet after just a few weeks. Only a small number of people manage to
lose weight. Here is some advice to help you continue your diet, and to feel healthier and
happier.
B Healthy snacks
Most of us get hungry in between meals, especially after a busy day at work or college. A
lot of people will eat the first thing they can find and this is often something not so healthy,
like a bar of chocolate or some biscuits. To avoid eating these unhealthy snacks, cut up
some fresh fruit and vegetables and keep them in the fridge for when you are feeling hungry.
Dried fruit and nuts are also healthy snacks and will hopefully stop you from eating chocolate
or biscuits when you feel like eating something sweet. Many people enjoy drinking tea or
coffee with sugar, even in the evenings before they go to bed. Try to drink herbal teas, which
are healthier and which will help you to sleep better at night.
C Eating in restaurants
Many people think that if they are following a healthy diet, they shouldn’t go out for dinner.
However, it is possible to eat healthy food in a restaurant. When you get the menu, look for
healthy dishes which come with a lot of vegetables. If you are not sure how healthy a dish
is, you can always ask the waiter to help you to choose something. You should also try not
to order dessert, or choose something healthy, like fruit. Finally, drink water with your meal.
Fizzy drinks and juices contain a lot of sugar.
D Cooking at home
56
It is good to cook at home when you are following a healthy diet, because then you will know
exactly what you are eating. Avoid buying ready-made meals, because they usually have a
lot of salt and sugar. You can make your cooking healthier by using less sugar, oil and salt.
Instead, use herbs and spices to give your dishes more flavour. When you cook meat or
fish, try to grill or boil it rather than frying. Always include plenty of fresh, steamed or boiled
green vegetables as part of your meal. You may find it useful to buy a cookery book of
healthy recipes, or to look up healthy recipes online. Finally, remember it’s better to avoid
having a second serving. If you still have food left, save it for the next day!
1. You should not have more than one serving.

2. People often want to eat something between breakfast and lunch, or between lunch
and dinner.
3. Ask someone for advice about healthy dishes.
4. You can find information on the internet.
5. Many people find it difficult to continue a healthy diet.
6. A popular time for people to change their diet.
7. Choose water rather than other drinks.
8. You should change the type of tea that you drink.
Exercise 3: Read a leaflet from a sports centre about sports activities
Would you like to feel fitter, healthier and happier? Come to Mountain View Sports Centre.
We have a variety of sports and fitness activities, new facilities and good prices. The Sports
Centre is open from 7:00 a.m. until 10:00 p.m. from Monday to Friday, and 8:00 a.m. until
9:00 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays.
You can exercise in one of our gyms, take a swimming class, do exercises classes and
yoga in our new fitness rooms or join our tennis club. You can even book a session with a
personal trainer. The centre has very new facilities, including two gyms, one swimming pool
for children and one for adults, ten exercise rooms, five tennis courts and a café serving
healthy snacks and fresh juices.
If you want to save money, you can buy a monthly pass, which costs £200 a month, or you
can pay each time you use the facilities. The gym costs £4.00 for a session, the swimming
pool £5.00, and exercise classes are £6.00. Lower prices are available for children and
people over 60.
Complete the summary with ONE WORD OR A NUMBER. Read the leaflet on the first
screen again to help you.
57
Mountain View Sports Centre
Opening hours
Monday to Friday: 7:00 a.m. until 10:00 p.m.
(1) ____________ and ____________: 8:00 a.m. until 9:00 p.m.
Facilities Prices
(2) ____________ gyms Monthly pass: £200 per month
(3) ____________ swimming pool Gym session: £ (6) ____________
Adult’s swimming pool Swimming pool: £5.00
(4) ____________ exercise rooms (7) ____________ classes: £6.00
Five (5) ____________ courts
Café
Exercise 4: Read Luke’s email to his friend, Andrew. Then complete the exercise.
Dear Andrew,
Happy New Year! I hope that you enjoyed the party you told me about in your last email. Do
you have any good plans for the new year? I have decided that I am going to be much
healthier this year. Last year, I had a lot of exams, so I didn’t do very much exercise, and I
ate too much chocolate and too many biscuits. This year, I want to follow a healthy diet and
to do more exercise.
I joined a gym last week. It’s in a nice new sports centre, which has a swimming pool and
different rooms with a variety of exercise classes. I tried the yoga class last week and I really
enjoyed it. I am going to go to a class once a week, and to the gym twice a week. I think
that this will help me to get fit very quickly. I have also started to walk to college instead of
taking the bus. When I go to the library, I go by bike because it is quite far. I feel much better
and less tired if I walk or cycle.
I have started to cook more meals at home. I have found some good healthy recipes on the
internet. Last night, I cooked baked fish with steamed vegetables. It was delicious, and I
didn’t feel hungry at all afterwards. I have also decided not to eat junk food like chocolate
and crisps for one month. I take dried fruit and nuts to college with me as a snack, and I eat
fruit or yoghurt in the afternoon instead of biscuits or cake. The next time I see you, I promise
to cook you something healthy.
Look forward to hearing from you soon!
Best wishes,
Luke
Choose True or False.

1. Luke did not follow a healthy diet last year.
58
2. He wants to join a gym soon.

3. He tried an exercise class last week.
4. He wants to go to the gym once a week.
5. He walks to the library.
6. He doesn’t eat biscuits or cake in the afternoons.
Exercise 5: Read an essay about young people’s lifestyles.
How healthy are young people’s lifestyles today? What can they do to be healthier?
Today, many young people have busy lives at school and at home. Most teenagers today
spend less time doing sports and activities outside, and eat more unhealthy food than they
did in the past. Some people today are worried that young people do not have healthy
lifestyles. In this essay, I will explain two problems with young people’s lifestyles today and
suggest some ways to improve their health.
The first problem with young people’s lifestyles is that they spend a lot of time indoors. In
the past, young people spent more time outside, doing activities such as riding bicycles and
playing sports. Today, however, many young people have to do a lot more work at school
and homework at home. Furthermore, young people now prefer to spend their free time
watching television or sitting in front of their computer screens. This means that they get
less exercise, and spend less time outside. I think this is a problem, because exercise is
good for both the body and the mind. Young people will not only feel healthier if they do
regular exercise, they will also feel happier and more relaxed. Therefore, I think that young
people should have the chance to do a variety of different kinds of exercise at school and
in their free time.
The second problem is that many young people eat less healthy food than they did in the
past. Instead of eating healthy food cooked at home, many teenagers now prefer to eat fast
food, such as burgers, kebabs and pizzas. Also, fizzy drinks with lots of sugar, such as cola,
have become very popular and many young people have these drinks instead of drinking
water. This is a problem because if people have bad eating habits when they are young,
they are more likely to eat unhealthy food as adults. In my opinion, parents need to make
sure that their children don’t eat fast food or drink fizzy drinks with lots of sugar too often
and also need to teach them how to cook healthy meals. They should also make sure their
children eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, and that they don’t eat too much sugar and
salt.
In conclusion, young people today do less exercise and eat less healthy food than their
parents did in the past. This is a problem because if teenagers develop unhealthy habits
when they are young, they will find it difficult to stop the bad habits when they are adults. I
think that it is important for young people and their parents to make sure that they eat healthy
food and do enough exercise.
Choose True, False or Not Given.

1. Most young people get more exercise today than they did in the past.
2. Young people don’t go outside as much as they did in the past.
59
3. Young people now have to do more tests at school than they did in the past.
4. In the past, children ate more food cooked at home.
5. Cola is the most popular soft drink in the world.
6. It is easy for adults to give up unhealthy eating habits.
7. The writer thinks that children should learn how to cook healthy food.
8. The writer thinks adults should take their children shopping for healthy food.
Schools to be healthy their students need to teach
1. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ .
Water should I drink think people more young
2. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
To cook it's to teach important people young
3. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________ .
Bus walk taking school the students should instead of to
4. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
Should twice a students exercise in my opinion, week
5. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________.
Young spend people outside need to more time that many

people think
6. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
Time for preparing tests a lot spend of these days, students
7. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ .
For regularly to important it's young exercise people
8. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
60
Further Reading
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
1. What is Waneen Spirduso’s special field of study?
2. At what age does the oxygen capacity of the lungs become smaller?
3. Which components of the body become less effective between the ages of 20 and 30?
Classifying the following sports (4-8) by the skills A – C they require according to the
passage.
4. cycling ________
A power
5. hurdles ________
B endurance
6. rowing ________
C good nerves
7. running ________
8. wrestling ________
61
9. The muscle cells responsible for strength begin to die off when we are 50.
10. A 40-year-old rower is just as likely to win a race as a younger rower.
11. According to research, the best anti-ageing tonic is in the mind.
12. The oxygen capacity of the lungs s reduced by 5-10 percent ever year.
13. Athletes in sprints and jumps events are worst affected by ageing.
What Is Stress?
Most people would say they know what stress is. But for scientists who study stress, it has
been surprisingly hard to define. This is because there are so many ways of looking at
stress.
Some researchers have studied how our bodies react to stress. You know how your heart
beats faster, you perspire more heavily, and your words do not come out right when you are
placed in a stressful situation. But knowing how we feel when we experience stress does
not explain it; nor does it tell us what causes it.
Other scientists have looked at stressors: events or situations that produce stress. A
deadline, a poor test performance, or bothersome noises all may be thought of as stressors.
Even pleasant events can be stressors. Planning a party or starting a new job can be just
as stressful as being called to the principal’s office.
Stress, then, can be caused by both negative and positive events, or stressors. Of course,
whether an event is thought of as positive or negative is, in some ways, a matter of personal
choice. In sum, it is the way people interpret an event that makes it stressful or not stressful,
ị This process of interpretation is called appraisal. Depending on how people appraise, or
judge, circumstances, they may or may not consider them stressful.
What, specifically, causes people to appraise a situation as stressful? The answer depends
on how much of a threat or challenge it appears to be. Circumstances that bring a threat or
challenge to a person’s sense off well-being produce stress. Those that do no threaten or
challenge us are not stressful.
Looking at stress this wat gives us a general definition of the concept of stress: Stress is a
response to circumstances that seem threatening and challenging. The circumstances that
cause stress vary from one person to another. It all depends on how we appraise
circumstances. In addition, the things that cause us stress today may not cause stress at
another time. The opposite is true: things that once caused no stress many now be stressful.

1. Knowing our feelings about stress can explain what causes the stress.
62
2. Bothersome noises are more likely to cause stress than a poor test performance.
3. Negative events cause more stress than positive ones do.
4. Sometimes whether an event is negative or not is based on a personal decision.
5. Whether an event is considered stressful may be determined by the way people interpret
it.
6. Sometimes those circumstances that are not threaten to us are also stressful.
7. An event or situation may not always be a stressor.
63
64
EXTRA 3: WRITING AN ESSAY

INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION
ESSAY ORGANIZATION
We have many ways to organize the essay, but one common way is as follow
INTRODUCTION
1. Question: Some students and young people love playing games too much. What are the
disadvantages of playing games too much? What can parents do stop this?
=> Introduction: Computer games are popular to many people, but some students and
young adults get really addicted to it. There are some negative aspects of playing games too
much, but parents can intervene to help their children.
2. Question: There is a trend which more people want to live in the countryside. Why? What
can be some disadvantages of living in the countryside?
=> Introduction: These days, more and more people find it interesting to moving to the
countryside to live. There are many reasons behind this trend, but it also has some certain
possible problems.
3. Question: Nowadays, many people are concerned that students are less healthy. What
are some examples of children’s health in school? What should schools do to make their
students healthier?
=> Introduction: ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Question: English is popular today. What are the advantages of learning English? What
are some ways of learning English?
=> Introduction: ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Question: More and more people are learning English, but most people study English
with people from their countries. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?
=> Introduction: ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
65
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION
1. It is argued that technology is playing an ever-increasing role in schools and universities.
Although this certainly brings benefits, there are still some potential drawbacks.
One of the principal advantages of an increase in the use electronic devices in education is
the autonomy it provides students. Students have the freedom to focus on whatever topic or
subject they want and study it in depth through the internet. A prime example of this is the
amount of online university courses available to students, covering a myriad of subjects, that
up until recently were unavailable to most learners. This has resulted in more people
studying third level degrees than ever before, at a pace and schedule that suits them.
The main disadvantage associated with increasing use of technology in education is the
decrease in face-to-face interaction between students. Students spend more time looking at
computer screens by themselves than interacting with each other. For instance, the recent
explosion in smart phone use has been at the expense of genuine human interaction. This
results in soft skills, such as verbal communication and empathy, being affected.
=> Conclusion: ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Many countries of the world are currently experiencing problems caused by rapidly growing
populations in big cities. This can lead to many problems, and both governments and
individuals have a duty to find ways to overcome these problems.
There are two common problems that can be seen when too many people live in big cities.
Firstly, overpopulation can make the streets become busier than ever before. As there are
more people live and work, the number of cars and motorbikes also increase greatly. This can
cause air pollution and frequent traffic jams at rush hours. Secondly, the housing can be a
problem because there is not enough space for people to live in. This makes the cost of living
rise and harder for people to settle in.
In terms of solutions, I believe the government should be largely responsible. Firstly, it is vital
that the state provides essential housing and healthcare for all its citizens. Secondly, setting
up community projects to help foster more community spirit and help keep young people off
the street is a good idea. For example, youth clubs or evening classes for teenagers would
keep them occupied. Finally, more effective policing of inner city areas would also be
beneficial.
=> Conclusion: ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
66
WRITING
Exercise 1: Read a paragraph from an essay. Choose the correct answers to complete
the sentences.
Many young people eat less healthy food than they did in the past. (1) Firstly/However, a lot
of teenagers now prefer to eat fast food, (2) instead of/such as burgers, kebabs and pizzas.
For (3) example/secondly, fizzy drinks, like cola have become very popular and many young
people are having these drinks (4) instead of/such as water. (5) Also/However, some parents
are trying to change the bad habits of their children. (6) For example/In my opinion, they are
trying to stop their children from eating fast food or drinking fizzy drinks too often. (7)
Also/Finally, some parents are teaching their children how to cook healthy meals. (8) Also/In
my opinion, changing children’s eating habits is not easy, but it is important for their future
health.
Exercise 2: Put the sentences in the correct order to complete the paragraph.
A Firstly, if you have to make a short journey by bus or car every day, you could try
walking or cycling instead.
B For example, if you play a game of volleyball once a week or go for a run together, you
will improve your health, and make new friends.
C For example, you could walk up the stairs instead of taking the lift, and make sure that
you go for a walk during your breaks.
D Secondly, you can be more active while you are at work or college.
E However, there are many ways that we can keep fit for free and without taking time out
of our busy days.
F This may take a little bit longer, but you will feel healthier and you will have more energy
if you do this every day.
G Many people today say that they don’t have time to exercise, because they are too busy
with work, college or school.
H Finally, you could try a new sport with your colleagues or classmates.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
67
Exercise 3: Write an essay on the following topic:
Nowadays, many people are concerned that students are less healthy. What are some
examples of children’s health in school? What should schools do to make their students
healthier?
Planning ideas
Children’s health in school

Topic sentence: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Idea 1: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
=> Support: ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Idea 2: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
=> Support: ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
What should schools do to make their students healthier

Topic sentence: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Idea 1: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
=> Support: ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Idea 2: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
=> Support: ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
68
Introduction ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Body 1 __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Body 2 __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
69
UNIT 9:
LANGUAGE
70
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
Exercise 1: Listen and match the speakers with the activities.
reading books, newspapers and magazines keeping a vocabulary notebook

watching TV in English talking to people whose first language is English
going to English classes using a dictionary writing emails to friends in English
listening to the radio in English
1. 5.
_________________________________ _________________________________
2. 6.
_________________________________ _________________________________
3. 7.
_________________________________ _________________________________
4. 8.
_________________________________ _________________________________
Unit 9: Exercise 2
Listen to people talking about the advantages and disadvantages of taking language
classes. Put the listening extracts in the correct columns.
Listening advantages disadvantages Listening advantages disadvantages

1 5
2 6
3 7
4 8
Exercise 3: Listen and choose the correct answers.

1.Mark is learning /is going to learn Arabic.
2.Jane is studying/is going to study Turkish.
3.Peter is having /is going to have judo classes.
4.Maria is teaching/is going to teach maths.
5.Jack is learning/is going to learn to cook.
6.Susan is playing/is going to play the violin.
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UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
Exercise 4: Listen to the conversation and match the two parts of the sentences.
next summer. tomorrow. later today. this afternoon after class. at the
weekend. on Friday.
1. David’s going to take a Spanish exam
2. David’s going to visit his uncle
3. Sara’s going to meet her friend Julia
4. Sara’s going to study for her German exam
5. Sara’s going to study Italian
6. David’s going to work in his parents’ shop
Exercise 5: Listen and match each opinion with one of the two speakers, Tony or
Kristen.
1. Tony says he is going to learn another _________

2. He’s going to learn ________.
3. He’s going to ________ in Germany.
4. He’s going to need the language to go ________ or to eat out in a ________.
5. He’s going to start ________ on Monday.
6. He’s also going to watch a lot of German ________.
7. He thinks language lessons are good because you learn something ________ every day
8. Learning ________ can be free so that’s a big advantage for him.
9. Tony thinks you can read interesting things about the lives of ________ people in
magazines.
Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
Corrects does listen make read start studies take
1. Next week I’m going to _________ an English test.

2. He always __________ hard .
3. You should __________ to your teacher’s advice.
4. She ___________ a Spanish course on Thursday evenings.
5. You have to work hard to ___________ progress.
6. You should ____________ more books in English.
7. I’m going to _________ German lessons next week.
8. My teacher ______________ all my mistakes.
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UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
Unit 9: Exercise 7
Read the information. Then listen to the sentences and choose if the speakers say gonna or
going to.
When we speak, we usually say gonna but if we want to add emphasis, we say going to. It’s
important to remember that you should never use gonna in formal or written English.
1. 2.
o Gonna o Gonna
o Going to o Going to
3. 4.
o Gonna o Gonna
5. 6.
o Gonna o Gonna
7. 8.
o Gonna o Gonna
Exercise 8: Work in pairs, ask and answer the following questions.

1. What languages can you speak?
2. Do you think that English is difficult to learn?
3. Do you think learning another language is a good idea?
4. Will you learn other languages in the future?
Exercise 9:
Talk about your plans for learning English or another language in the future. Spend a few
You should talk about:
• the language you are going to learn
• why you want to learn it
• when and how you plan to learn it
• the advantages and disadvantages of the different ways of learning a language.
73
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
FURTHER LISTENING
Exercise 11: Complete the following questions.
Questions 1-4: Circle the correct letters A-C
1. What kind of course is the man seeking?
A Daytime
B Evenings
C Weekends
2. How long does the man want to study?
A 12 weeks
B 6 months
C 8 months
3. What proficiency level is the student?
A Beginner
B Intermediate
C Advanced
4. When does the man want to start the course?
A March
B June
C September
Questions 5-10: Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER for each answer.
LANGUAGE CENTRE
Client Information Card
Name: Richard (5) ………………

E-mail address: (6) …………....... @hotmail.com
Date of birth: (7) …………… 1930
Reason for studying Japanese: (8) ………………………
Specific learning needs: (9) ………………………
Place of previous study (if any): (10) ………………………
74
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
Exercise 12: Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A
NUMBER for each answer.
CLASS SCHEDULE
Example: Globetrotters Language School
Chinese
Level: Advanced
Days: (1) ……………………………. evenings
Japanese
Level: (2) …………………………….
Days: Tuesday and Thursday mornings
Level: (3) …………………………….
Days: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings
French
Level: Intermediate
Days: Friday (4) …………………………….
Tuition Information
• Six weeks: (5) $ ……………
• Four weeks: (6) $ ……………
• One week: (7) $ ……………
• Twelve weeks: (8) $ ……………
Contact Information
Students can register for a class by visiting the (9) …………………………….
(10) ……………………………. is in charge of student registration.
75
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
READING

speaking Spanish every day. abroad to learn French.
is useful for practising language. a new language app on her phone.
a lot of mistakes in my French essay. my language exchange partner today.
an online English course? a webcam to talk to my Italian friends.
1. I practise
2. I think that I made
3. Writing to a penfriend
4. I am meeting
5. Have you ever taken

6. Yesterday my sister downloaded
7. I often use
8. I want to travel
Exercise 2: Read the leaflet about a language school for children. Then complete the
exercise.
Would you like your son or daughter to speak another language? At Languages for Kids we
offer classes on Saturday mornings in French and Spanish, and in Chinese and Japanese
on Saturday afternoons. The classes are taught by qualified teachers who are first language
speakers. The lessons are fun and enjoyable for children. There are no grammar exercises,
but there are a lot of chances for children to speak the language. They play games, sing
songs and even try food from the country of the language they are learning.
We have classes for children between the ages of 4 and 11. The morning classes start at
10:00 a.m. and finish at 1:00 p.m., and the afternoon classes start at 1:00 p.m. and finish at
5:00 p.m. Every week the children will do some homework to help them to practise the
language they are learning. It is not difficult and it will not take more than half an hour. At
the end of the year, we will write a report for each child to let you know how much they have
improved in their language. If you would like to find out more information, please go to our
website.

1. The language classes take place at the weekend.
2. There are Spanish classes in the afternoons.
3. The children study a lot of grammar in the language classes.
4. The children often play games outside.
76
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
5. Some classes finish at 1:00 p.m.

6. The children have to do homework every week.
7. The classes are too difficult for some children.
8. Parents can find out more about the classes online.
Exercise 3: Read an advertisement for a language exchange partner. Then complete

the exercise.
Wanted: Italian language exchange partner!

Hello, my name is John Armstrong. I am a second-year student studying Law and Italian
here in London. Next year, I am going to study at university in Rome for one year. I am
looking for an Italian student who would like to meet me for a language exchange to help
me improve my Italian. I have been to Italy many times with my family on holiday, so I know
quite a lot of Italian, but I would like to practise speaking with an Italian person. Also, I think
that I am going to make a lot of mistakes in Italian when I study abroad, so I would like
somebody to help me to study Italian grammar. I am also not good at writing in Italian, so I
would like somebody to look at my essays.
At the moment I take Italian classes on Thursday evenings. I am going to download an app
for learning Italian, but I think that I need some more help. I am free on Monday or
Wednesday afternoons. We could either meet at my house, or in the café next to the library.
If you would like to meet me, please send me an email.
Thank you,
John
Write ONE WORD from the text in each gap. Read the advertisement on the first
screen again to help you.
1. John is now studying in ___________ .
2. John is going to spend a year at university in __________ .
3. He wants to meet to someone to practice ___________ in Italian with.
4. He thinks that he is going to make a lot of mistakes with Italian ____________ .
5. He wants somebody to help him to write better ___________ .
6. He is taking classes and is going to use an ____________ to help him study Italian.
7. He can meet his language exchange partner in the ___________ on Monday or
Wednesday.
8. He wants to meet his language exchange partner at a ____________ or at his
house.
77
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
Exercise 4: Read a review of a new app for learning a language. Then complete the
exercise.
Language Master is the latest mobile phone app to help you learn a new language. When
you download the app, you can learn new words in the language, do quizzes, play games
and translate words. Language Master is available in 20 different languages, and 30
countries. I am studying French at school, and have an important exam at the end of this
term, so I decided to try Language Master for one month to see if it would help me to improve
my French.
I found the app very useful for learning about grammar rules. The quizzes helped me to use
grammar correctly, and if I made a mistake, it told me why it was wrong and what I needed
to do to correct it. I also learnt a lot of new words in French. The games were very good for
practising new vocabulary, and they stopped me from getting bored.
The app was very easy to use, and I enjoyed using my phone to practise French. I used it
a lot on the bus on my way home, and in the library at school. It was much better than
studying with a book, because I didn’t need to take a lot of books to school every day. The
only bad thing about the app is that it is quite expensive. It costs, £7.00, which might be
difficult for some people to spend. However, I think that it is a very useful way to learn
languages, and I have told my friends to download it.
Laura, 16, London
Complete the summary with the correct answers. Read the review on the first screen again
to help you.
The Language Master app
1. A mobile phone app to help people learn a game/language/quiz .
2. Available in 2/20/30 different languages.
3. Can be used to get bored/practice vocabulary/stop mistakes , do quizzes and play
games.
4. Advantages: Good for learning practice/quizzes/rules for grammar. Don’t have to
carry a lot of apps/books/bus tickets .
5. Disadvantages: It’s difficult/expensive/slow to download – costs £7.00.
Exercise 5: Read the article about learning languages. Then complete the exercise.
Today, there are so many ways to learn a new language. People can take language courses
at school or college, in the evenings, in another country, online, or even using apps on their
phone. However, many adults still find it difficult and so there are advantages to learning a
new language as a young child.
Young children learn new languages faster than teenagers and adults. This is because they
haven’t spoken their first language for a very long time, so their brains are still ‘ready’ to
learn languages. If children hear people speaking another language, they will quickly learn
how to speak it. Of course, the best way for children to learn a new language is to move to
a country where people speak the language. If this is not possible, parents could send their
children to a school that teaches some lessons in another language. Younger children may
also enjoy watching cartoons or reading storybooks with pictures. This will help them to
learn new words.
78
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
Teenagers can learn new languages easily if they are interested in the language and the
country where it is from. However, not all teenagers enjoy learning languages at school, so
it is important that they learn languages in interesting ways. For example, they might enjoy
watching films and television programmes, or reading books and magazines. A new way to
learn languages is through mobile phone apps, which teenagers often enjoy, especially if
they have a lot of games. Also, having a penfriend helps teenagers to improve their writing,
and going on a language exchange with their school helps them to improve their speaking.
In conclusion, children, teenagers and adults learn languages differently, so they need
different ways to practise. It’s a good thing for people to learn to speak another language
when they are young. It can help them to get better grades at school and it can be useful
when they visit another country. However, the most important advantage is that it is easier
to learn a language as a child than it is as an adult.
1. The essay talks about the apps/courses/ways that people learn languages.
2. Adults/Children/Teenagers learn new languages more quickly than other people.
3. For children to learn a language, the best thing is go online/to school/to the country .
4. Cartoons and books will help children to learn new pictures/stories/words .
5. Some teenagers need easy/interesting/new ways to learn languages.
6. One way for teenagers to help their writing in a new language is to download
apps/have a penfriend/read magazines .
7. Younger and older people don’t learn languages in different/fun/ the same ways.
8. It is an advantage/easier/more difficult to learn a new language as an adult than as a
child.
are many learning to advantages a new language there
9. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
I maria had called Spanish a penfriend
10. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ .
learning in French primary school I started
11. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________ .
study download going to an to I'm French app
12. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
79
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
I'm a exchange meet going to partner language
13. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________.
study is in the USA English sister going to my
14. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
important it's practice day to speaking every
15. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ .
learn I'm every words three new day going to
16. _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ .
Exercise 7: Look at the advertisement for a language exchange partner. Choose the
correct verbs.
My name is John Armstrong. I am a second-year student studying Law and Italian here in
London. Next year I am going to study at university in Rome for one year. I am looking for an
Italian student who would like to (1) learn/meet/teach me for a language exchange to help me
(2) improve/learn/make my Italian. I have been to Italy many times with my family on holiday,
so I know quite a lot of Italian, but I would like to (3) do/practice/take speaking with an Italian
person. Also, I think that I am going to (4) do/make/take a lot of mistakes in Italian when I
study abroad, so I would like somebody to help me to (5) speak/study/take Italian grammar. I
am also not good at writing in Italian, so I would like somebody to (6) look/take/write at my
essays.
At the moment I (7) make/speak/take Italian classes on Thursday evenings. I am also going
to (8) download/study/take an app for learning Italian, but I think that I need some more help.
I am free on Monday or Wednesday afternoons. We could either meet at my house, or in the
café next to the library.
Further Reading
Exercise 8: Read a passage about public libraries and answer the questions
PUBLIC LIBRARIES
A The word public comes from a Latin word, publicus, meaning people. A public library is
for all the people in a community to use. It charges no fee for its services. The public library
will have available, within the limits of its budget, a wide variety of books and other materials.
These books or other materials may be borrowed, or taken out for a specific time, by anyone
in the community. The library loans its materials.
80
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
B Public libraries are usually tax-supported. There are a few that are instead supported from
money that has been donated. And there are some that receive port of their money from
taxes and part from gifts.
C Few public libraries are exactly alike. Not only are the shapes and sizes of the building
different, but also are the number of books and other materials in each. Your nearest library
may be like the Los Angeles Public Library, which has over 4,538,458 books and bound
periodicals (magazines and journals) in its collection. Or it may be like the Cherokee County
Public Library, which has only about 3,800 books in its collection.
D Libraries vary in other ways, too, for instance, in the number of hours (or days) they are
open or in the number of people who work there. Most public libraries, however, arrange
their books and other materials in similar ways. They divide their collection into two basic
age groups, children, and adult. Adult books are in one place; children’s books are in
another. The books are further separated by the kind of books. Storybooks – works of fiction
– are separated from information, or fact books – nonfiction.
E People often want to refer to, that is, look something up in a certain basic information
book. Thus, reference books, which are rarely read cover to cover, are put in a special place
in the library, a reference section of perhaps a reference room. Reference books are never
to be taken out from the library building.
F Each library decides for itself how it should further arrange its books and other materials.
In a large city library, certain nonfiction materials may be put into a special area pr separate
room. For instance, there may be a separate room just for all the materials a library has on
music. In another large city, the music materials might not be kept so separate. It would
depend on what the people in that city had indicated they found useful.
G A library’s holdings are everything the library has in its collection. These holdings almost
always reflect the community’s special interest. Suppose, for example, there was a town
where Morgan horses were widely raised and trained. That town’s library would most likely
have a great deal of material about Morgan horses. Since the people who were interested
in Morgan horses would probably be less interested in other breeds of horses, the library
might have only a small amount of material on Mustangs or Appaloosas.
Questions 1-7: Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of
headings below. Write the correct number, i - ix, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Financial support 1. Paragraph A _______
ii Local decisions 2. Paragraph B _______
iii Influence of people's interests 3. Paragraph C _______
iv Materials about Morgan horses 4. Paragraph D _______
v History of public libraries 5. Paragraph E _______
vi Certain books stay in the libraries 6. Paragraph F _______
vii Free services for everyone 7. Paragraph G _______
viii A wide variety
ix Similar ways to arrange books
81
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
Questions 8-14: Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS form the passage to
complete the following sentences.
8. A public library provides free services to everyone ___________________.
9. People who borrow the books can keep them for ___________________.
10. The money used to support public libraries may come from donations, gifts, and
___________________.
11. The collections in most public libraries are arranged according to two age groups,
___________________.
12. Books that people can only read in the library are probably ___________________.
13. In some libraries, people may find certain nonfiction materials kept in
___________________.
14. From the holdings a library has, we can see if the community has any
___________________.
82
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
WRITING
Exercise 1: Put the sentences in the correct order to make a paragraph.
A It is a good idea for children to learn a language when they are very young for three
reasons.
B Finally, children who can speak two or more languages often have good communication
skills and make friends easily.
C Firstly, young children can pick up new languages very easily.
D For example, if they hear people speaking another language, they are quick to repeat
the words that they hear.
E For example, people who learn a second language well, often find it easier to learn a
third language.
F Secondly, if children learn a second language when they are very young, they will find it
easier to learn other languages in the future.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Exercise 2: Complete the text with the correct linking word or phrase from the box.
Firstly for example Furthermore However Secondly To sum up
There are many advantages of learning a new language. (1) ___________ , it is useful to
speak another language if you enjoy travelling to other countries. If you can speak the
language of that country, it will be easier for you to do simple tasks. (2) ___________ , you
can ask for directions, order food and go shopping. (3) _____________ , you may not always
understand what people are saying to you. (4) _____________ , speaking another language
could help you to get a job in the future. There are many international companies which want
to hire staff who can speak different languages. (5) __________________ , if you speak
another language, you may have the chance to travel to other countries for your work, or even
to move to a different country. (6) _____________ , learning another language can help you
to have fun when you are travelling and to get a good job in the future.
83
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
Exercise 3: Write an essay about the following topic
English is popular today. What are the advantages of learning English? What are some
ways of learning English?
Planning ideas
Advantages of learning English

Topic sentence: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Idea 1: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
=> Support: ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Idea 2: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
=> Support: ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Some ways of learning English
Topic sentence: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Idea 1: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
=> Support: ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Idea 2: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
=> Support: ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
84
UNIT 9: LANGUAGE
WRITING
(Introduction) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(Body 1) __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(Body 2) __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(Conclusion) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
85
UNIT 10:
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
86
UNIT 10: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Exercise 1: Listen and write the technology words you hear.

1. __________ 5. __________
2. __________ 6. __________
3. __________ 7. __________
4. __________ 8. __________
Exercise 2: Match the speakers with the pictures.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
87
Exercise 3: Listen and complete the sentences.
1. The new smartphones are not 4. This computer is quick/simple/slow .

cheap/expensive/good .
2. This computer program is 5. It would not be easy/possible/simple to

cheap/expensive/simple. live without computers.
3. Tablets are not cheap/difficult/easy to 6. Tablets will be more

use. fun/expensive/popular than laptops in the
future.
Exercise 4: Listen and choose the correct information on the graphs, A, B or C. More
than one answer is possible in some cases
1.
B
C
2.
C
B
88
3.
B C
4.
C
A
B
5.
C
B
A
6.
B
A
C
89
Exercise 5: Listen to two students, Angela and Ben, talking about technology
devices. Choose the correct answers, True or False.
1. Angela’s favourite device is her 4. Angela thinks that there might not
tablet. be any tablets in the future.
o True o True
o False o False
2. Ben’s favourite device is his 5. Ben agrees that soon people won’t
smartphone. be able to buy desktops.
o True o True
o False o False
3. Ben says that sales of 6. Angela thinks people are working
smartphones went up last year. to make a new device.
o True o True
o False o False
Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box.
Creates deletes downloads open stores stream
1. I don’t buy DVDs anymore, I ___________ the films I watch.

2. I never __________ an attachment from somebody I don’t know.
3. The company I work for automatically ___________ backup files at the end of the
day.
4. She ____________ most of her music from the internet.
5. He’s not very up to date, he still ____________ photos on a disk.
6. She ___________ photos on a disk.
Exercise 7: Listen to the speakers and decide whether they use the full form or the
contracted form of will. Choose the correct answers.
1. In a few years the smartphone will/'ll be 4. But you will not/won't be able to find a
the only computer most people have. new camera in the shops.
2.It will/'ll sell more than the tablet. 5.How will not/won't technology affect our
life in the future?
3.There will/'ll still be tablets for sale. 6.I will not/won't continue to improve my
IT skills.
90
Exercise 10
Talk about a device that you like. Look at the tips below. Spend a few minutes thinking about
what to say.
Say:
• what the device is
• why you like it
• what you use it for
• how you think it will change in the future.
FURTHER LISTENING
Exercise 11: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
SYDNEY COMMUNITY CENTER

Details of booking
Number of people: approximately (1) …………
Date of party: (2) …………
Name of room: The (3) …………
Time: From (4) ……… to 9 pm
Drinkers: Licensed only for soft drinks
Contact details
Postcode (5) …………
Address Flat (6)…………, 35 Beaches Street
Landline 22 32 79
Mobile 07897 (7) …………
Booking fee
Cost of room hire £115 with (8) …………
Disco system hire Optional. Fee £25 with no technician.
Deposit £ (9) …………
Insurance £9 for 24 hours. Covers cancellation, (10)…………
Exercise 12: Listen and complete the following questions:

Question 11 -15: Which features are available at the following halls of residence?
List of Features Halls of Residence

A cleaning included E parking spaces 11. Brown Hall _____
12. Blake Residence _____
B all meals included F single sex
13. Queens Building _____
C private showers G sports facilities 14. Parkway Flats _____
D modern building 15. Temple Rise _____
91
Question 16 -20: Label the map below. Write the correct letter A-G next to
Questions 16-20.
16. Brown Hall _____
17. Blake Residence _____
18. Queens Building _____
19. Parkway Flats _____
20. Temple Rise _____
92
READING

my phone and send them to you. the internet. some new software and apps.
a lot of games on her phone. TV or videos on my laptop.
text messages to my friends. a phone call to my cousin today.
the radio every morning.
1. I often send
2. I am going to make
3. I usually watch
4. My father listens to
5. Yesterday I downloaded
6. I use my smartphone to surf
7. My sister plays
8. I will take some photos on
Exercise 2: Read an email from Mustafa to his friend, Tom. Then complete the
exercise.
Hi Tom,
I hope you’re well. I’m writing this email on my new tablet. I ordered it online last Friday and
it arrived on Wednesday. I’m very happy with it. I can use it to surf the internet and send
emails from anywhere. I can also watch videos and play games on it. I use it to watch videos
when I travel to and from college on the bus, and I play games online with my friends every
night.
It is not only good for entertainment, though. I also use it to help me with my homework. The
online dictionary helps me when I’m writing essays, and I have downloaded some useful
apps to help me to study better. I have even downloaded an app to help me study French.
It includes games for learning new words in French, which I think will really help me, as I
have a French exam next month. After that I think I might download the app to learn Spanish.
My favourite thing about my new tablet is that I can make video calls to my friends and
family. Last night I talked to my cousins in Dubai for one hour. It is so much better than
talking on the phone, because I can see them and their house. Maybe I can make a video
call to you one day this week.
Look forward to seeing you soon.
Best wishes,
Mustafa
93

1. Mustafa got his new tablet computer last Friday.
2. He watches videos with his friends every night.
3. He only uses his tablet for entertainment.
4. At the moment, he is using an app to help him learn French.
5. The apps Mustafa downloads cost a lot of money.
6. Mustafa talked on the phone to his cousins for an hour last night.
7. Mustafa wants to have a video call with Tom.
Exercise 3: Read the text and complete the summary. Use ONE WORD OR A
NUMBER from the text in each gap.
A new study has found that young people are reading less than they did in the past. The
study asked young people to say how long they spend doing different activities, such as
reading books, watching television, playing computer games and surfing the internet. Of
these activities, playing computer games and surfing the internet were the most popular. In
contrast, the number of young people who said they like to read books fell by nearly 50%
between 2007 and 2017.
Some people are worried about the results of this study. They think that if young people do
not read books often, they will not be able to learn good reading and writing skills. However,
other people think that young people can use the internet to find out new information on
websites. They think that the internet can help them to improve their reading skills, and to
teach themselves new information.
Summary
The study found that young people are not (1) ___________ as much as they did before.
They prefer to spend time on other (2) ___________, such as surfing the internet. In fact, the
number of young people who said they enjoy reading books fell by almost (3) ___________
percent between 2007 and 2017. Some people worry that young people will not be good at
(4) ___________ and (5) ___________ in the future. However, others think that they can (6)
___________ out new information from reading things on (7) ___________.
Exercise 4: Read a review of a new mobile phone. Choose the correct answers to
complete the sentences.
The new Dragon 5 smartphone is going to be in the shops next week. It’s already for sale
online. It is much bigger than the Dragon 4. It has a 15cm screen, so it better for surfing the
internet and watching videos than the Dragon 4. It is made of metal and plastic, and the
screen is made of extra strong glass, so it will not break easily. Furthermore, you can still
buy the Dragon 5 in black or white, but it now comes in three new colours – red, blue or
pink.
There are a lot of useful apps on the Dragon 5, including the same games and maps as the
Dragon 4 and some new apps including study tools. You can take great photos with the new
camera, and you can make video calls to your friends and family. There is a lot more space
94
to store photos, music and videos than there was on the Dragon 4. However, there are two
possible problems with the Dragon 5. Firstly, some people think that it is a bit too heavy but
I don't think so. Secondly, it is more expensive than the Dragon 4, but again I think the price
will go down soon. To sum up, the Dragon 5 is a great new phone which is going to be very
popular. Make sure you buy one quickly before they sell out!
1. You can buy a Dragon 5 Smartphone in shops now/online now/online from next
week.
2. The Dragon 5 is bigger than/smaller than/the same size as the Dragon 4.
3. You can buy a Dragon 5 Smartphone in 2/3/5 different colours.
4. A new app for the Dragon 5 is games/maps/study tools.
5. The price of the Dragon 5 will go up/go down/stay the same.
6. In general, the writer thinks that the Dragon 5 is great/too heavy /too expensive.
Exercise 5: Read a report about how people keep in touch with their friends and
family. Then complete the exercise.
A These days, just as in the past, it is important for people to stay in contact with each other.
Nowadays, however, more young people are travelling to other countries to go on holiday
or to work or study and, of course, they want to keep in contact with their friends and family.
In this study, we spoke to three different groups of people. The first group was aged 18–24,
the second group was aged 25–39 and the third group was aged 40–60. We asked the three
age groups how they prefer to stay in contact with people. We asked if they preferred to
write letters, talk on the telephone, use email, send messages on social networks or make
video calls.
B The study showed that people in all three groups preferred to use the internet to stay in
contact with their friends and families. 70% of the 18–24 age group preferred to use text
messages to contact their friends and family, and 65% preferred to make video calls.
Similarly, 68% of the 25–39 age group preferred to send messages on social media and
62% preferred to send email. For the 40–60 age group, 72% preferred to send email, and
58% sent messages on social media. For many people the internet makes keeping in
contact much quicker and easier. It is also popular because it is even possible to see the
person you are talking to on a video call and to share photos and video files in just a few
seconds.
C The study also showed that making telephone calls and writing letters were less popular
with all age groups. Only 32% of all of the people in the study preferred to make telephone
calls and only 16% preferred to write letters. There are several possible reasons why
telephone calls and letters are less popular today than they were in the past. Firstly, letters
can take a long time to arrive, especially if you send them from abroad. Many people want
to communicate with their friends and family much more quickly than this. Secondly,
telephone calls can be expensive, especially if you make them to someone in another
country.
D In conclusion, the study showed that people of all ages prefer to use the internet or their
smartphones to keep in contact with their friends and families. Younger people prefer to
95
send messages using social networks, while older people prefer to use email. In contrast
making telephone calls and writing letters are now less popular for all age groups. In the
future, it is likely that people will continue to keep in contact with each other online.
1. Which paragraph gives a number for the least popular way to stay in contact?
2. Which paragraph gives reasons why the internet is popular with all ages?
3. Which paragraph sums up the main ideas in the study?
4. Which paragraph introduces the people in the study?
5. Which paragraph talks about the most popular way for the youngest age group to
stay in contact?
6. Which paragraph talks about the different questions that the study asked people?
7. Which paragraph talks about how people will stay in contact in the future?
8. Which paragraph gives reasons why letters and phone calls are now less popular?
Exercise 6: Read the description of the chart. Then complete the exercise.
A This line chart shows the devices that teenagers used for entertainment between 2000
and 2015. It shows the use of radio, television, computers, and mobile phones. From the
chart, we can see that the devices teenagers used for entertainment changed a lot
B In 2000, most teenagers used the television and the radio for entertainment. However,
the number of teenagers who watched television and listened to the radio fell between
2000 and 2015. In contrast, the number of teenagers who used computers for
entertainment increased a little between these years.
C The biggest change in teenagers’ entertainment was the use of mobile phones. In 2000,
only a small number of teenagers used their mobile phones for entertainment. However,
this number increased a lot between 2005 and 2010, and a little between 2010 and 2015.
In 2015, the most popular devices that teenagers’ used for entertainment were computers
and mobile phones and this is the same today.
1. Which paragraph says what the most popular devices for entertainment are now?
2. Which paragraph talks about devices that were used in the past?
3. Which paragraph introduces what the chart shows?
4. Which paragraph talks about the device used for entertainment a little more in 2015
than in 2000?
5. Which paragraph tells us what the most important change was over the period of
time?
6. Which paragraph talks about the general change of people who watched television
and listened to the radio?
96
Further Reading
Coral reefs arc found in tropical seas throughout the world and provide shelter for hundreds
of different plants and animals. They look like flat beds of rock, but in fact they are formed
from the skeletons of liny sea creatures. Almost one half of the worlds coral reefs occur in
shallow seas, near to the coastline of over one hundred countries.
Millions of people depend on these coral reefs for their livelihoods. The majority of natural
products which come from coral reefs, such as fish, shells and seaweed, can be sold, either
locally or in export markets. Not only does the person who collects the products earn money,
but also those people who prepare, market or sell them. In some countries, coral reefs are
the main natural resource. In the Maldives, for example, 25% of the workforce is employed
in fishing. In addition, 56% of the national economy comes from reef-based tourism. This
means that a substantial number of people are employed in tourism-related jobs.
Fishing is normally an occupation for adult males, particularly where it involves the use of
boats, and other people are often excluded from it. Coral reef fisheries, on the other hand,
are usually accessible on fool, so work is not restricted to men. In fact, collecting fish and
other products from the reefs is generally the job of women, children and even the elderly.
Women’s occupations are not limited to reef fishing. In India and the South Pacific, for
example, women help to make and mend the fishing equipment. Fish processing is often
done by women too. Such employment brings both direct and indirect advantages. For
example, on Ulilhi Atoll in Papua New Guinea, women can obtain mahogany wood for
fishing boats in exchange for cloth they make and so gain more control over the household
income. They can also apply for loans or credit. This gives them more independence and
status, both in the family and in the community.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
1. According to the writer, what do coral reefs look like?
2. How many countries have a coral reef close to their coastline?
3. What proportion of workers in the Maldives fish for a living?
4. Which activity is more than half of the Maldives’ economy based on?
5. How can people usually get to reef fisheries?
6. What do Indian women often help to make?
7. What is usually exchanged for wood by women on Ulithi Atoll?
Exercise 8: Read an article and answer the questions
97
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage to
answer the questions.
1. How many researchers were responsible for writing the report?
2. How many people did they interview?
3. What does the letter H in the equation represent?
4. What is Dr Rothwell’s profession?
5. What was the minimum age of the people interviewed?
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage
for each answer.
The results of a survey which aims to identify what makes each of US happy have just been
published. Researchers asked people to look through a list of 6 _________ and select the
ones which made them feel happy. Interviewees were also questioned about their natures,
situations and 7 _________. The research showed that things which affect women’s
happiness include good 8 _________ and spending time with 9 _________ while what
mattered more to men were 10 _________ by the sports team they supported, along with
romance and their various pastimes.
98
99
EXTRA 4: DESCRIBING LINES

1. Vocabulary
Adverb Adjective
0.5 million -> 0.8 million • slightly • slight

• minimally • minimal
0.5 million -> 1.2 million • moderately • moderate

• significantly • significant
0.5 million -> 3.2 million • remarkably • remarkable

• substantially • substantial
2. Structures and Practice
1. Structure 1: [time period], S + V + Adv + [changes]
[time period], S V Adv Changes

From 2015 to 2020, the percentage of increased significantly from around 5% to 20%
people who owned
smart watches
From 2020 to 2015, the percentage of will go up remarkably by 20%
people who owned
smart watches
a. [laptop, 2010-2015] _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
100
b. [laptop, 2015-2020] _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Structure 2: [time period], S + V + Adv + [changes]
[time period], there is/was/will + a/an + Changes in S

be Adj + N
From 2015 to there was a significant from around 5% to in the
2020, increase 20% percentage of
people who
owned smart
watches
From 2020 to there will be a by 20% in the
2025, remarkable percentage of
growth people who
owned smart
watches
a. [tablet, 2010-2015] _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
b. [tablet, 2015-2020] _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Structure 3:
[time S witness / + a/an + Adj + N Changes

period], experience /
see
From 2015 to the percentage witnessed a significant increase from around 5% to
2020, of people who 20%
owned smart
watches
From 2020 to the percentage will see a remarkable growth by 20%
2015, of people who
owned smart
watches
3. Practice changing between the structures

1. The number of electric cars rose dramatically by 230,000 between 1990 and 1995.
=> _______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. There was a slight fall of 5 hours in the amount of time spent on leisure activities in 2008.
=> _______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. The price of fresh fruits and vegetables increased significantly by 7 euros in 2007.
101
=> _______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. There will be a dramatic growth of 17% in the rate of professionals by 2050.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Practice
Describe the following graph with 3 structures above
0 car 1 car 2 cars 3+ cars

50
45
40
35
30
25
%
20
15
10
5
0
1975 1985 1995 2005
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
102
WRITING
Exercise 1: Look at the chart below. Complete the sentences with the correct
answers.
A B C D
1. The number of teenagers who watched television fell/went up between 2000 and 2010.
2. There was a big decrease/big increase in the number of teenagers who used mobile
phones for entertainment between 2005 and 2010.
3. The number of teenagers who used computers for entertainment decreased/grew a little
4. There was a fall/rise in the number of teenagers who listened to the radio between 2000
and 2015.
5. In 2000, the most popular devices for entertainment were television and radio. However,
these numbers rose/went down between 2000 and 2015.
6. The use of mobile phones for entertainment by teenagers fell/went up a lot between
2000 and 2015.
Exercise 2: Read the paragraph describing the chart. Choose the correct form of the
verbs to complete the sentences.
103
C
B
A B C D
The chart (1) shows/is going to show/will show the changing ways that adults will get news
between 2015 and 2030. The results are for radio, newspapers, television and the internet.
The way that people get their news (2) are going to/going to/is going to change a lot in the
future.
In 2015, most adults (3) prefer/preferred /will prefer watching the news on television and
reading newspapers. However, we can see from the chart that these ways of getting the news
are going to (4) become/becoming/became less popular in the future. Furthermore, the chart
suggests that the number of adults who listen to the news on the radio (5) falling/fell/will fall
between now and 2030. By 2030, listening to the radio will (6) be/being/is the least popular
way for adults to get the news.
The biggest change that we can see in the chart is online news becoming a lot more popular
in the future. Firstly, we can see that in 2015, online news (7) is/was/will be less popular than
radio, newspapers and television. We can also see that only 50% of adults (8) uses/used/ will
use the internet for their news at that time. However, the number of adults who read the news
online (9) increase/increased/is going to increase a lot between now and 2030. By 2030, 90%
of adults will get their news online and this will be the most popular way for adults to get their
news.
Exercise 3: Writing Overview.
A This line chart shows the devices that teenagers used for entertainment between 2000
and 2015. It shows the use of radio, television, computers, and mobile phones. From the
chart, we can see that the devices teenagers used for entertainment changed a lot between
2000 and 2015.
B In 2000, most teenagers used the television and the radio for entertainment. However,
the number of teenagers who watched television and listened to the radio fell between 2000
104
and 2015. In contrast, the number of teenagers who used computers for entertainment
increased a little between these years.
C The biggest change in teenagers’ entertainment was the use of mobile phones. In 2000,
only a small number of teenagers used their mobile phones for entertainment. However,
this number increased a lot between 2005 and 2010, and a little between 2010 and 2015. In
2015, the most popular devices that teenagers’ used for entertainment were computers and
mobile phones and this is the same today.
1. Which paragraph says what the most popular devices for entertainment are now?
2. Which paragraph talks about devices that were used in the past?
3. Which paragraph introduces what the chart shows?
4. Which paragraph talks about the device used for entertainment a little more in 2015
than in 2000?
5. Which paragraph tells us what the most important change was over the period of
time?
6. Which paragraph talks about the general change of people who watched television
and listened to the radio?
Exercise 4: Look at the graph showing changes in the use of the internet for different
activities in the future. Write a description of the main changes that the graph shows.
Use the Notes to help you.
C
B
D
A B C D
Notes
Write 3 paragraphs:
1 In the first paragraph, give some general information about what the chart shows.
105
2 In the second paragraph, describe some of the biggest increases.

3 In the third paragraph, describe some of the biggest decreases.
4 End with a summary of the main points.
WRITING
(Introduction + Overview) _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(Body 1) __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(Body 2) __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
106

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IELTS 2

Catch fly get gets go leaves

1. My train _____________ at 07:40.

Isn't long his journey to university very

1. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

Ten minutes to to walk it her takes work for

2. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

3. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

Takes bus get there about to the an hour

5. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

6. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

Taxi school by to they get

7. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

Usually catches he 8:30 the train at

8. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ _____________

Exercise 5: Match the answers with the questions.

4. Taxi buses are

1.my go /journey/travel to work isn’t very 2. Most students go to university by/on/with

5. I often fly at /on/to Dubai. 6. It usually gets /goes/takes me ten

EXTRA 1: WRITING A PARAGRAPH (1)

1. What is this piece of writing called?

topic sentence concluding sentence body sentences

In conclusion, English helps students to study higher and to find a better-

Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer

“What are the advantages of studying abroad?” is A. topic B. question

Exericse 5: Read the information

Exericse 8: Read the information

▪ Topic sentence 1 (more difficult): In conclusion, when playing computer games

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

department store hotel library police station post office restaurant

Exercise 2: Listen and decide where each person is.

B. in a car park B. on a bicycle

C. in a shopping centre C. on a motorbike

B. on the underground B. at a police station

C. walking along a street C. on a plane

3. A. on a coach 6. A. at a bus station

C. on a train C. at a train station

behind between left next opposite right

1. MUSEUM 5. DEPARTMENT STORE

3. POLICE STATION 7. LIBRARY

Exercise 8: Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

Most the interesting hometown is place my the in castle

1. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

Of part castle is the town the old the in

2. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

3. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

4. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

Department the to store is place shopping new the go

5. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

6. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ ___

Laptop for sale

READING AND WRITING

airport bus station department store market museum park

2. You can travel to the city centre

5. The Mercado de San Miguel

6. Most Spanish people eat dinner

A Joel from London

Match the information with the correct paragraph. Write A, B, C, or D.

Exercise 5: Read the newspaper article about cycling in cities.

1. New City has a river in the middle/north/south of the city.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

1 small the smallest

8 much/many the most

1. ____ _ _ _______

2. ____ _ _ _______

3. ____ _ _ _______

5. ____ _ _ _______

6. ____ _ _ _______

7. ____ _ _ _______

8. ____ _ _ _______

1. _____ _ _ _ _ _____

2. _____ _ _ _ _ _____

3. _____ _ _ _ _ _____

4. _____ _ _ _ _ _____

5. _____ _ _ _ _ _____

6. _____ _ _ _ _ ___ _

1. ___ 2. _ 3. _ 4. ___

1. _ _ _ _____

2. _ _ _ _____

3. _ _ _ _____

4. _ _ _ _____

5. _ _ _ _____

6. _ _ _ _____

7. _ _ _ _____

8. _ _ _ _____

4. you _sleep _ hours a

2. you _ eat too much 5. you _ drink a lot of