QUESTIONS 1 TO 10 ARE WORTH 4.

Given that 2016 is a leap year and

3 MARKS EACH Sonia’s birthday fell on Sunday, 24th of
Given (" + $)& = "& + 3")$ + 3"$) + $3, June, 2012. In which year will her
1.
find the 2nd and 3rd terms in the birthday next fall on a Sunday?
expansion of (2x + 3,)&.
(A) 2017
(B) 2018
(A) 18+ ) , + 54+, )
(C) 2019
(B) 24+ ) , + 54+, )
(D) 2020
(C) 36+ ) , + 54+, )
(E) None of the above
(D) 24+ ) , + 27+, )
(E) None of the above
5. Which of the following statements are
true about the expressions 3√5 + √85
2. Evaluate and 3√4 + √105 ?

20192018) + 1
(A) √4 + √10 > √5 + √8
20192017) + 20192019)
(B) √4 + √10 < √5 + √8
1 (C) √4 + √10 = √5 + √8
(A)
4 (D) They are both rational
1 (E) None of the above
(B)
3
1
(C)
2 6. A batch of berries has mass 100 kg.
1% of its mass is flesh and 99% is
(D) 1
water.
(E) None of the above
After a few hours in the sun, the water
content reduced to 98%.
3. It is known that :;<=> is a regular
pentagon. ? is a point in :;<=> such How much does the batch weigh now?
that ∆=?> is equilateral. Find ∠:?<.
(A) 98 kg
(A) 108° (B) 97 kg
(B) 128° (C) 48 kg
(C) 138° (D) 49 kg
(D) 168° (E) None of the above
(E) None of the above

SEAMO 2019 Paper D © TCIMO 1

7. :; and ;< are diameters of 9. The sum
semicircles :=; and <C;, respectively.
1 1 1
+ + ⋯+
1×2×3 2×3×4 17 × 18 × 19
The line := is tangent to semicircle 1
<C; at point C. +
18 × 19 × 20
F
is in its lowest terms.
G

Find (H + I).

(A) 603
(B) 749
(C) 787
(D) 938
Given that ∠C;< = 28°, find ∠C:<. (E) 949

(A) 32°
(B) 33° 10. Evaluate
(C) 34°
25 5 32
(D) 35° log − 2 log + log
16 7 49
(E) None of the above
(A) log 2
(B) log 3
(C) log 4
(D) log 5
8. Line :; intersects a clockface at 10
(E) None of the above
and 4.

QUESTIONS 11 TO 20 ARE WORTH

How many minutes after 4:00 PM 4 MARKS EACH
does the angle between the hour and
minute hands, in relation to Line :;, 11. Simplify
equal each other?
2GPQ − 2(2G )
N 2(2GP) )
(A) 17 OO
O
(B) 17
N (A) 2GPO − R
O&
N (B) −2GPO
(C) 18 OO S
N (C)
(D) 18 O& R
S
(D)
(E) None of the above Q
(E) None of the above

2 SEAMO 2019 Paper D © TCIMO

12. Given that 15. Find a positive integer +, such that

T " $ 2N + 2OU + 2V
< <
"+$ $+T T+"
is a perfect square.
Which of the following is true?
(A) 7
(A) T<"<$ (B) 8
(B) $<T<" (C) 9
(C) "<$<T (D) 10
(D) T<$<" (E) None of the above
(E) None of the above

13. Evaluate 16. Given that ", $ and T are positive real
numbers and " + $ + T = 1, evaluate
W14 + 6√5 − W14 − 6√5
√4" + 1 + √4$ + 1 + √4T + 1
(A) 5 (A) 4
(B) 2√5 (B) 5
(C) √5 (C) <4
(D) 1 (D) >5
(E) None of the above (E) None of the above

14. Evaluate 17. A bag contains 20 balls numbered

1 to 20. If 2 balls are randomly
1 2 3 4 8
+ + + + ⋯+ R chosen from the bag, find the
2 4 8 16 2
probability that the sum of the two
numbers is prime.
249
(A) 23
128 (A)
40
251
(B) 29
128 (B)
40
449
(C) 31
256 (C)
380
551
(D) 17
256 (D)
190
(E) None of the above
(E) None of the above

SEAMO 2019 Paper D © TCIMO 3

18. Mr. Woodley paid $650,000 for two 20. The side length of square :;<= is
commercial properties. 2√15 . > and [ are midpoints of
:; and ;< , respectively. :[ intersects
A year later, the market value of the => and =; at \ and ].
1st property rose by 20%, while that
of the 2nd dropped by 25%. The two Find the area of ∆=\].
properties then had the same market
value.

Of what market value was the

1st property at first?

(A) $220,000
(B) $230,000
(C) $240,000
(D) $250,000
(E) None of the above
(A) 8
(B) 9
(C) 10
^ = 18 TH. ?: and ?;
19. In sector ?:;, :; (D) 11
are tangent to the two circles. (E) None of the above

Given that the circle with centre <

QUESTIONS 21 TO 25 ARE WORTH
has a radius of 6 cm, find the radius 6 MARKS EACH
for the circle with centre =.
21. Let "G be the number of ways to climb
up a flight of I steps by taking either
1 or 2 steps at a time.

Find the remainder when ")UOa is

divided by 7.

22. Given that :; = <= = 1 , ∠:;= = 90°

and ∠<;= = 30°, find :<.

(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) None of the above

4 SEAMO 2019 Paper D © TCIMO

 23. Find the sum of all the positive
integral values of I for which the
SGPOb
fraction is also an integer.
Gc&

24. d and e satisfy the conditions

d ) − de + e ) 31
=
d ) + de + e ) 43

1 1 7
+ =
d e 2

The quadratic equation with d and e as

roots and f is positive is f+ ) + g+ + h ,
where f, g and h are integers with a
greatest common divisor of 1.

Find (f + g + h).

25. Suppose IO and I) are positive

integers where 1 ≤ IO < I) ≤ 99.

Gj
When all possible values of are
Gk

arranged in ascending order, find the

OS
fraction that comes after .
SN

End of Paper

SEAMO 2019 Paper D © TCIMO 5

!

YOU MAY USE THIS PAGE FOR ROUGH WORKINGS



1. Which of the following has the largest value?

6"#$ , 4'(( , 15$#+

2. Find the 6-digit integer of the form 11111111111

,20190 which is divisible by 72.

1 © SEAMO X 2019


3. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are 4 points on a circle. The line segments 43 and 56 are extended to
meet at point 7. Suppose ∠7 = 38°, and the arcs 34, 45 and 56 all have equal
lengths. Find the measure of ∠435 + ∠356 in degrees.

© SEAMO X 2019 2


4. Suppose > , ? and @ are real numbers satisfying >" + ? " + @ " − 6> − 10? − 12@ +
70 = 0. Find the value of >" + ? " + @ " .

3 © SEAMO X 2019


5. Suppose that a group of students took a mathematics course. Among them, 20

students passed at least 1 quiz, 17 students passed at least 2 quizzes, 15 students
passed at least 3 quizzes, 10 students passed at least 4 quizzes and no students
passed more than 4 quizzes. Altogether, how many quiz papers were marked ‘Pass’?

© SEAMO X 2019 4


6. Given that

B − 15 B − 16 B − 18 B − 19
− = −
B − 16 B − 17 B − 19 B − 20

find the value of B.

5 © SEAMO X 2019


7. Let , and 0 be positive integers such that

2 , 5
< <
3 0 7

Find the value of ," + 0" when 0 has the minimum value.

© SEAMO X 2019 6


8. Find the coefficient of B in the following expression:

(1 − B) − (1 − B)" + (1 − B)' − (1 − B)+ + ⋯ + (1 − B)"G$H − (1 − B)"G$(

7 © SEAMO X 2019


9. There are 12 matchsticks on the table. Suppose John removes either 1 stick, 2 sticks or
3 sticks each time. How many ways are there for John to remove the 12 matchsticks
from the table?

© SEAMO X 2019 8


10. 3456 is a rectangle with 34 = 8. Semicircles 5$ and 5" with diameter 34 and 56
respectively. 5$ and 5" intersect at point I and J. The circle with diameter IJ is
tangent to 34 and 56. Find the area of the shaded regions.

9 © SEAMO X 2019


11. Consider an equilateral triangle 345, where 34 = 45 = 53 = 2019. Let I be a point

inside ∆345. Draw the line segments passing through I such that 67 ∥ 45, MN ∥ 53
and OP ∥ 34. Suppose 67 ∶ MN ∶ OP = 3 ∶ 4 ∶ 5. Find 67 + MN + OP.

© SEAMO X 2019 10


12. Let >, ? and @ be non-negative real numbers. Suppose > + ? = 15 and ? + @ = 13.
Let R = @ + >, what is the sum of the maximum and minimum value of R ?

11 © SEAMO X 2019


13. Let > and ? be the roots of the quadratic equation B " + 3,B + 3, = 3. What is the
smallest possible value of >" + ? " ?

© SEAMO X 2019 12


14. Consider a triangle 345, where 34 = 35, 45 = 40 and 53 = 45. I is a point on the
plane. What is the minimum value of 3 × I3 + 5 × I4 + 8 × I5?

13 © SEAMO X 2019


$ $ $ $ $
15. Suppose >? < 0, + = 25 and > + ? = , find the value of W + W .
TU VU $" T V

© SEAMO X 2019 14


2019 X-D Solutions

1. 6"#$ = 6&×#(
= 216#(
4&,, = 4-×#(
= 25697
15$#- = 15"×#(
= 22597
Ans: 4&,,

55555555555
2. 72|120194
55555555555 and 9|120194
⇒ 8|120194 55555555555
55555555555
∵ 8|120194
55555
∴ 8|194
∴4=2
55555555555
9|120192
∴ 9|(1 + 2 + 0 + 1 + 9 + 2)
9|(1 + 14)
1=4

Ans: 420192

1 © Terry Chew Academy 2018



3.

Let ∠BCD = E
∠CDF = G
H , BD
∵ CB H and DF
H

have equal lengths

∴ ∠BCD = ∠CDB = ∠DBF
=E
Also, ∠CDF = ∠CBF
=G
In ∆BDK, we have
180° = 2(E + G) + 38
E + G = 71°
Ans: 71°

4. (N" − 6N + 9) + (P " − 10P + 25) + (Q " − 12Q + 36) = 0

(N − 3)" + (P − 5)" + (Q − 6)" = 0
∴N=3
P=5
Q=6
3" + 5" + 6" = 70
Ans: 70

© Terry Chew Academy 2018 2



5. There were :

20 − 17 = 3 students passed one quiz

17 − 15 = 2 students passed two quizzes
15 − 10 = 5 students passed three quizzes
10 students passed four quizzes
Hence the answer is
1 × 3 + 2 × 2 + 3 × 5 + 4 × 10
= 62
Ans: 62

$ $ $ $
6. R1 + ST$UV − R1 + ST$(V = R1 + ST$#V − R1 + ST"WV
1 1 1 1
− = −
E − 16 E − 17 E − 19 E − 20
(E − 16)(E − 17) = (E − 19)(E − 20)
E " − 33E + 272 = E " − 39E + 380
6E = 108
E = 18
Ans: 18

3 © Terry Chew Academy 2018


" Y
7. &
< Z
⇒ 24 < 31
1 5
< ⇒ 71 < 54
4 7
Let C = 31 − 24, - (1)
B = 54 − 71 - (2)
(1) × 5
5C = 151 − 104 - (3)
(2) × 2
2B = 104 − 141 - (4)
(3) + (4)
1 = 5C + 2B
Similarly
4 = 7C + 3B
∴ 4 is minimum value when
C=B=1
∴ min(4) = 10
∴1=7
Hence 1" + 4"
= 7" + 10"
= 149
Ans: 149

8. (−1)— (−2) + (−3)— (−4) + ⋯ + (−2017) − (−2018)

= −1 + 2 − 3 + 4 − ⋯ − 2017 + 2018
= _```a```b
1 + 1 + ⋯+ 1
"W$,
cdefg
"

= 1009
Ans: 1009

© Terry Chew Academy 2018 4



9. 1st matchstick : 1, 1 way

2nd matchsticks : 1 − 1, 2, 2 ways
3rd matchsticks : 1 − 1 − 1, 1 − 2, 2 − 1, 3, 4 ways
4th matchsticks : 1 − 1 − 1 − 1,
2 − 1 − 1,
1 − 2 − 1,
1 − 1 − 2,
2 − 2,
1 − 3,
3 − 1,
7 ways
5th matchsticks : 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1,
2 − 2 − 1,
2 − 1 − 2,
1 − 2 − 2,
2 − 3,
3 − 2,
1 − 1 − 1 − 2,
1 − 1 − 2 − 1,
1 − 2 − 1 − 1,
2 − 1 − 1 − 1,
1 − 1 − 3,
1 − 3 − 1,
3 − 1 − 1,
13 ways
1, 2, 4, 7, 13, …
from the 4th number onwards
each number is the sum of previous
3 numbers
1, 2, 4, 7, 13, 24, 44, 81, 149, 274, 504, 927, …
Ans: 927

5 © Terry Chew Academy 2018



10.

Let i be the midpoint of DF.

∴ ∠jik = 90°
ij = iD = 4
∴ jk = 4√2
The area of the shaded region
1 jk " 1 1
= 2 m n o p + ji " − nji " q
2 2 2 4
"
1 4√2 1 1
= 2r ns t + ∙ 4" − n ∙ 4" v
2 2 2 4

= 2(4n + 8 − 4n)
= 16
Ans: 16

11. Let Fj = wj = N
xj = yj = P
Kj = zj = Q
∴ FK + yw + zx
= (N + Q) + (N + P) + (P + Q)
= 2(N + P + Q)
= 2 × 2019
= 4038

Ans: 4038

© Terry Chew Academy 2018 6



12. ∵ N + 2P + Q = 28
∴ { = 28 − 2P
{ is maximum when P is smallest
∴P=0
⇒ { = 28
{ is minimum when P is largest
∴ P = 13
{ = 28 − 26
=2
28 + 2 = 30
Ans: 30

N + P = −31
13. |
NP = 31 − 3
N" + P " = (N + P)" − 2NP
= 91" − 61 + 6
= 91" − 61 + 1 + 5
= (31 − 1)" + 5 ≥ 5
Hence the smallest
possible value of N" + P " is 5
Ans: 5

14. 3 ∙ jC + 5 ∙ jB + 8 ∙ jD
= 3(jC + jD) + 5(jB + jD)
≥ 3 ∙ CD + 5 ∙ BD
= 3 ∙ 45 + 5 ∙ 40
= 335
The equality holds if and
only if jD = 0
Ans: 335

7 © Terry Chew Academy 2018



$ $
15. 25 = ~ + Ä

N" + P"
=
(NP)"
(N + P)" − 2NP
=
(NP)"
Let j = NP, j < 0
1
∴ 25j" = − 2j
144
3600j" + 288j − 1 = 0
1 1
j=− or j = rejected
12 300
1 1 1 1 " 2
∴ - + - = o " + "p −
N P N P (NP)"
2
= 25" −
1
144
= 337
Ans: 337

© Terry Chew Academy 2018 8



Section A

For questions 1 to 10, each correct answer is awarded 6 marks.

1. Roy writes the array of numbers with the rows as numbered below.

Find the sum of all numbers in Row 10.

1 Paper D © SEAMO X 2020



2. !"#$ is a 3 × 4 rectangle with !( = (* = *" = 1 . Find the area of the shaded

region.

© SEAMO X 2020 Paper D 2



3. Given that , , - and . are all non-zero real numbers and , + - + . = 0 . Evaluate
7 8 :
1 2323 − 2020 ∙ 1, where 1 = – + .
89: :97 798

4. Isosceles right-angled triangle !"# encloses a semicircle of area 2<. The semicircle has
its centre, =, at hypotenuse !" and is tangent to sides !# and "#. Find the area of
triangle !"#.

3 Paper D © SEAMO X 2020



5. How many odd numbers between 0 and 1000 have distinct digits?

6. Find the last two digits of 32323 .

© SEAMO X 2020 Paper D 4



7. Compute the value of

2020? − 1
2020 ∙ 2021 + 1

5 Paper D © SEAMO X 2020



8. Given that

1
1=
1
1+ 1
1+1+⋯

Find the value of 1 2 + 1.

© SEAMO X 2020 Paper D 6



9. Suppose A and B are the roots of the equation 1 2 + 2001 + 20 = 0.

C D
Evaluate + .
D C

7 Paper D © SEAMO X 2020



10. Let , = −√2 + √3 + √5, - = √2 − √3 + √5 and . = √2 + √3 − √5.

Evaluate ,2 + - 2 + . 2 + ,- + -. + .,.

© SEAMO X 2020 Paper D 8



Section B

For questions 11 to 15, each correct answer is awarded 8 marks.

11. From each corner of a square with side length 2, an isosceles right triangle is cut to form
a regular octagon as shown in the figure. The area of the regular octagon is G + HIJ,
where G, H and J are integers and J is minimum. Find the value of (G + H + J).

9 Paper D © SEAMO X 2020



12. Suppose M = 27 + 38 , where , and - are positive integers, not necessarily different,
chosen randomly from 1 to 100 inclusively. If the probability that M is a multiple of 5 is
N
, where G and H are relatively prime, find (G + H).
O

© SEAMO X 2020 Paper D 10



13. The figure shows a regular hexagon with area P. Given the area of shaded region is 1,
find the value of P.

11 Paper D © SEAMO X 2020



14. In Round 1 of a game, two numbers 1 and 2 are written around a circle. In Round 2, the
sum of every two adjacent numbers with respect to the circle is written between them.
The following diagram shows the number in Rounds 1, 2 and 3.

Find the sum of all the numbers written around the circle after Round 5.

© SEAMO X 2020 Paper D 12



15. Find the remainder when

12323 + 22323 + 32323 + ⋯ + 20202323

is divided by 10.

13 Paper D © SEAMO X 2020

 SEAMO X 2020
Paper D – Answers

Section A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 6 marks each.

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5

512 3 2021 8 365

Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10

01 2019 1 1998 20

Section B
Questions 11 to 15 carry 8 marks each.

Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15

2 5 18 243 6

© SEAMO X 2020 Paper D 1


Practice Set D Problems

You are given 90 minutes to complete 15 open-ended questions.

Write your answers in the space provided.

1. The ratio of the length to the width of a rectangle is 4: 3. If the rectangle has diagonal
of length 𝑐, then the area may be expressed as 𝑘𝑑 ' for some constant 𝑘. What is 𝑘?

2. Points (√𝜋, 𝑎) and (√𝜋, 𝑏) are distinct points on the graph of 𝑦 ' + 𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 ' 𝑦 + 1.
What is |𝑎 − 𝑏|?

1 © SEAMO X 2019


3. Claudia has 12 coins, each of which is a 5-cent coin or a 10-cent coin. There are
exactly 17 different values that can be obtained as combinations of one or more of
her coins. How many 10-cent coins does Claudia have?

4. The diagram below shows the circular face of a clock with radius 20 cm and a circular
disk with radius 10 cm externally tangent to the clock face at 12 o'clock. The disk has
an arrow painted on it, initially pointing in the upward vertical direction. Let the disk
roll clockwise around the clock face. At what point on the clock face will the disk be
tangent when the arrow is next pointing in the upward vertical direction?

2 © SEAMO X 2019

:
5. Consider the set of all fractions where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are relatively prime positive integers.
;
How many of these fractions have the property that if both numerator and
denominator are increased by 1, the value of the fraction is increased by 10%?

3 © SEAMO X 2019


6. In the rectangular parallelepiped shown, 𝐴𝐵 = 3, 𝐵𝐶 = 1, and 𝐶𝐺 = 2. Point 𝑀 is the

midpoint of 𝐹𝐺. What is the volume of the rectangular pyramid with base 𝐵𝐶𝐻𝐸 and
apex 𝑀?

4 © SEAMO X 2019


7. Line segment 𝐴𝐵 is a diameter of a circle with 𝐴𝐵 = 24. Point 𝐶, not equal to 𝐴 or 𝐵,

lies on the circle. As point 𝐶 moves around the circle, the centroid (center of mass) of
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 traces out a closed curve missing two points. To the nearest positive integer,
what is the area of the region bounded by this curve?

5 © SEAMO X 2019


8. How many of the first 2018 numbers in the sequence 101, 1001, 10001, 100001,... are
divisible by 101?

9. A list of 2018 positive integers has a unique mode, which occurs exactly 10 times.
What is the least number of distinct values that can occur in the list?

6 © SEAMO X 2019

10. A closed box with a square base is to be wrapped with a square sheet of wrapping
paper. The box is centered on the wrapping paper with the vertices of the base lying
on the midlines of the square sheet of paper, as shown in the figure on the left. The
four corners of the wrapping paper are to be folded up over the sides and brought
together to meet at the center of the top of the box, point 𝐴 in the figure on the right.
The box has base length 𝑤 and height ℎ. What is the area of the sheet of wrapping
paper?

7 © SEAMO X 2019


11. There are 10 horses, named Horse 1, Horse 2, , Horse 10. They get their names
from how many minutes it takes them to run one lap around a circular race track:
Horse 𝑘 runs one lap in exactly 𝑘 minutes. At time 0 all the horses are together at the
starting point on the track. The horses start running in the same direction, and they
keep running around the circular track at their constant speeds. The least time 𝑆 > 0,
in minutes, at which all 10 horses will again simultaneously be at the starting point
is 𝑆 = 2520. Let 𝑇 > 0 be the least time, in minutes, such that at least 5 of the horses
are again at the starting point. What is the sum of the digits of 𝑇?

8 © SEAMO X 2019

12. Distinct points 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅, 𝑆 lie on the circle 𝑥 ' + 𝑦 ' = 25 and have integer coordinates.
The distances 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑅𝑆 are irrational numbers. What is the greatest possible value
OP
of the ratio ?
QR

9 © SEAMO X 2019

S
13. Amelia has a coin that lands heads with probability , and Blaine has a coin that lands
'
'
on heads with probability . Amelia and Blaine alternately toss their coins until
T
someone gets a head; the first one to get a head wins. All coin tosses are independent.
U
Amelia goes first. The probability that Amelia wins is V , where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are relatively
prime positive integers. What is 𝑞 − 𝑝?

10 © SEAMO X 2019

14. Alice refuses to sit next to either Bob or Carla. Derek refuses to sit next to Eric. How
many ways are there for the five of them to sit in a row of 5 chairs under these
conditions?

11 © SEAMO X 2019


15. Let 𝑆(𝑛) equal the sum of the digits of positive integer . For example, 𝑆(1507) = 13.
For a particular positive integer 𝑛, 𝑆(𝑛) = 1274. Which of the following could be the
value of 𝑆(𝑛 + 1)?

12 © SEAMO X 2019
QUESTION ANSWER SOLUTION

Let the rectangle have length 4𝑥 and width 3𝑥. Then by 3 − 4 − 5 triangles
*
12 (or the Pythagorean Theorem), we have 𝑑 = 5𝑥, and so 𝑥 = . Hence, the
1 +
25
.-*/ .-
area of the rectangle is 3𝑥 ∙ 4𝑥 = 12𝑥 - =
-+
, so the answer is
-+
.

Solution 1
Since points on the graph make the equation true, substitute √𝜋 in to the
equation and then solve to find 𝑎 and 𝑏.

7 -
𝑦 - + √𝜋 = 2√𝜋 𝑦 + 1
𝑦 - + 𝜋 - = 2𝜋𝑦 + 1
𝑦 - − 2𝜋𝑦 + 𝜋 - = 1
(𝑦 − 𝜋)- = 1
𝑦 − 𝜋 = ±1
𝑦 =𝜋+1
𝑦 =𝜋−1

There are only two solutions to the equation, so one of them is the value
of 𝑎 and the other is 𝑏. The order does not matter because of the absolute
value sign.
|( 𝜋 + 1) − (𝜋 − 1)| = 2
2 2
Solution 2
This solution is very related to Solution #1 but just simplifies the problem
earlier to make it easier.
𝑦 - + 𝑥 7 = 2𝑥 - 𝑦 + 1 can be written as 𝑥 7 − 2𝑥 - 𝑦 + 𝑦 - = 1. Recognizing
that this is a binomial square, simplify this to ()2. This gives us two
equations:
𝑥 - − 𝑦 and 𝑥 - − 𝑦 = −1.
One of these 𝑦's is 𝑎 and one is 𝑏. Substituting √𝜋 for 𝑥, we get
𝑎 = 𝜋 + 1 and 𝑏 = 𝜋 − 1.
So, |𝑎 − 𝑏| = |( 𝜋 + 1) − (𝜋 − 1)| = 2

© SEAMO X 2019 Practice Set D 1

 Solution 1
Let Claudia have 𝑥 5-cent coins and (12 − 𝑥) 10-cent coins. It is easily
observed that any multiple of 5 between 5 and 5𝑥 + 10(12 − 𝑥) = 120 −
5𝑥 inclusive can be obtained by a combination of coins.
Thus, 24 − 𝑥 = 17 combinations can be made, so 𝑥 = 7. But the answer is
not 7 because we are asked for the number of 10-cent coins, which is 12 −
7 = 5.

Solution 2
Since the coins are 5-cent and 10-cent, all possible values that can be made
will be multiples of 5 To have exactly 17 different multiples of 5 we will
need to make up to 85 cents. If all twelve coins were 5-cent coins, we will
3 5
have 60 cents possible. Each trade of a 5-cent coin for a 10-cent coin will
gain 5 cents, and as we need to gain 25 cents, the answer is (𝐶) 5
For small scale substitutions of 5 cent for 10 cent, like in this problem, it is
quite fast, however, if the problem is a little bit more complex, knowing
that you need 85 cents, explained above, it is also possible to use a system
of equations. It would be
5𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 85
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12

Solving this 𝑥 (5-cent coins) = 7 and 𝑦 (10-cent coins) 5, so again the

answer is 5.

Solution 1
The circumference of the clock is twice that of the disk. So, a quarter way
around the clock (3:00), the point halfway around the disk will be tangent.
The arrow will point to the left. We can see the disk made a 75% rotation
from 12 to 3, and 3 is 75% of 4, so it would make 100% rotation from 12 to
4. The answer is 4 𝑜 E 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘.

Solution 2
The rotation factor of the arrow is the sum of the rates of the regular
rotation of the arrow (360° every 360° rotation = 1) and the rotation of the
disk around the clock with twice the circumference (360° every 180° = 2).
4 4 𝑜′𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 Thus, the rotation factor of the arrow is 3, and so our answer corresponds to
360°/3 = 120°, which is 4 o' clock. 4 𝑜′𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘.

Solution 3
The arrow travels a path of radius 30 (20 from the interior clock and 10
from the radius of the disk itself). We note that 1 complete rotation of 360
degrees is needed for the arrow to appear up again, so therefore, the disk
must travel its circumference before the arrow goes up. Its circumference
is 20𝜋, so that is 20𝜋 traveled on a 60𝜋 arrow path. This is a ratio of 1/3,
so the angle it carves is 120 degrees, which leads us to the correct answer
of 4 o' clock.

© SEAMO X 2019 Practice Set D 2

 Solution 1
GH. ..G
You can create the equation =
IH. .JI
Cross multiplying and combining like terms gives 𝑥𝑦 + 11𝑥 − 10𝑦 = 0.
This can be factored into (𝑥 − 10)(𝑦 + 11) = −110.
𝑥 and 𝑦 must be positive, so 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑦 > 0,
so 𝑥 − 10 > −10 and 𝑦 + 11 > 11.
Using the factors of 110, we can get the factor
pairs: (−1, 110), (−2, 55), 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−5, 22)
But we can't stop here because 𝑥 and 𝑦 must be relatively prime.
(−1, 110) gives 𝑥 = 9 and 𝑦 = 99. 9 and 99 are not relatively prime, so
this doesn't work.
(−2, 55) gives 𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = 44. This doesn't work.
(−5, 22) gives 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = 11. This does work.
5 1
We found one valid solution so the answer is 1.

Solution 2
GH. .. G
The condition required is = ∙ .
IH. .J I
..
Observe that 𝑥 + 1 > ∙ 𝑥 so 𝑥 is at most 9
.J
IH.
By multiplying by and simplifying we can rewrite the condition
G
..G
as 𝑦 = . Since 𝑥 and 𝑦 are integer, this only has solutions for
.JOG
𝑥 ∈ {5, 8, 9}. However, only the first yields a 𝑦 that is relative prime to 𝑥.
There is only one valid solution, so the answer is 1.

Solution 1
Consider the cross-sectional plane and label its area 𝑏. Note that the
volume of the triangular prism that encloses the pyramid is 𝑏ℎ/2 = 3, and
we want the rectangular pyramid that shares the base and height with the
triangular prism. The volume of the pyramid is 𝑏ℎ/3, so the answer is 2.

Solution 2
If you look carefully, you will see that on the either side of the pyramid in
6 2 .
question, there are two congruent tetrahedra. The volume of one is 𝐵ℎ
U
with its base being half of one of the rectangular prism's faces and its height
being half of one of the edges, so its volume is
. . .
(3 × 2/2 × ) = . We can obtain the answer by subtracting twice this
- - -
. .
value from the diagonal half prism, or ( × 3 × 2 × 1) − (2 × ) = 2.
- -

© SEAMO X 2019 Practice Set D 3

 Solution 1
Let 𝐴 = (−12, 0), 𝐵 = (12, 0). Therefore, 𝐶 lies on the circle with
equation 𝑥 - + 𝑦 - = 144. Let it have coordinates (𝑥, 𝑦). Since we know the
centroid of a triangle with vertices with coordinates
(
of (𝑥. 𝑦. ), (𝑥- , 𝑦- ), (𝑥U , 𝑦U ) is
U
,
U
)
GY H G/ HGZ IY H I/ HIZ
the centroid
G I
of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is ( )
U U
, Because𝑥 - + 𝑦 - = 144, we know that
G 2 I 2
7
()
U
+() U
= 16 so the curve is a circle centered at the origin.
50
Therefore, its area is 16𝜋 ≈ 50.

Solution 2 (no coordinates)

We know the centroid of a triangle splits the medians into segments of ratio
2:1, and the median of the triangle that goes to the center of the circle is the
radius (length ), so the length from the centroid of the triangle to the
.
center of the circle is always ∙ 12 = 4 The area of a circle with
U
radius 4 is 16𝜋, or around 50.

Solution 1
Note that 10-] + 1 for some odd 𝑘 will suffice mod 101. Each 2𝑘 ∈
{2, 4, 6, … , 2018}, so the answer is 505.

8 505 Solution 2
If we divide each number by 101, we see a pattern occuring in every 4
numbers. 101, 1000001, 10000000001, … We divide 2018 by 4 to
get 504 with 2 left over. One divisible number will be in the 2 left over, so
out answer is 505.

To minimize the number of values, we want to maximize the number of

times they appear. So, we could have 223 numbers appear 9 times, 1
9 225 number appear once, and the mode appear 10 times, giving us a total of
223 + 1 + 1 = 225.

The sheet of paper is made out of the surface area of the box plus the sum
of the four triangles. The surface area is 2𝑤 - + 2𝑤ℎ + 2𝑤ℎ which
equals 2𝑤 - + 4𝑤ℎ.The four triangles each have a height and a base of ℎ,
`/
so they each have an area of . There are four of them, so multiplied by
10 2(𝑤 + ℎ)- -
four is 2ℎ- . Together, paper's area is 2𝑤 - + 4𝑤ℎ + 2ℎ- . This can be
factored and written as 2(𝑤 + ℎ)- .

© SEAMO X 2019 Practice Set D 4

 Solution 1
If we have horses, 𝑎. , 𝑎- , … , 𝑎a , then any number that is a multiple of the
all those numbers is a time when all horses will meet at the starting point.
The least of these numbers is the LCM. To minimize the LCM, we need the
smallest primes, and we need to repeat them a lot. By inspection, we find
that LCM(1, 2, 3, 2 ∙ 2, 2 ∙ 3). Finally, 1 + 2 = 3.
11 3
Solution 2
We are trying to find the smallest number that has 5 one-digit divisors.
Therefore we try to find the LCM for smaller digits, such
as 1, 2, 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4.We quickly consider 12 since it is the smallest number that
is the LCM of 1, 2, 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 Since 12 has 5 single-digit divisors,
1, 2, 3, 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6 our answer is 1 + 2 = 3.

Because 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆are lattice points, there are only a few coordinates
that actually satisfy the equation. The coordinates
are (±3, ±4), (±4, ±3), (0, ±5), and (±5, 0) We want to
maximize 𝑃𝑄 and minimize 𝑅𝑆 They also have to be the square root of
something, because they are both irrational. The greatest value
of 𝑃𝑄 happens when it 𝑃 and 𝑄 are almost directly across from each other
and are in different quadrants. For example, the endpoints of the segment
12 7 could be (−4, 3) and (3, −4) because the two points are almost across from
each other. The least value of 𝑅𝑆 is when the two endpoints are in the same
quadrant and are very close to each other. This can occur when, for
example, 𝑅 is (3, 4) and 𝑆 is (4, 3) They are in the same quadrant and no
other point on the circle with integer coordinates is closer to the
point (3, 4) than (4, 3) Using the distance formula, we get
√jk
that 𝑃𝑄 is √98 and that 𝑅𝑆 is √2. = √49= 7.
√-

Solution 1
Let 𝑃 be the probability Amelia wins. Note that
𝑃 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑟 1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 + 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 ∙ 𝑃,
as if she gets to her turn again, she is back where she started with
.
probability of winning 𝑝. The chance she wins on her first turn is . The
U
chance she makes it to her turn again is a combination of her failing to win
- U -
the first turn - and Blaine failing to win - . Multiplying gives us . Thus,
U + +
. - +
𝑃 = + 𝑃. Therefore, 𝑃 = , so the answer is 9 − 5 = 4.
U + j
13 4 Solution 2
Let 𝑃 be the probability Amelia wins. Note that
.
𝑃 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑟 1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 + 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 2𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 ∙
U
.
+ 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑒𝑟 3𝑟𝑑 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 ∙
U

This can be represented by an infinite geometric series,

Y Y Y
Z Z Z . + +
𝑃= / Z = / = Z = ∙ =
.O O .O U U j
Z t t t
+
Therefore, 𝑃 = , so the answer is 9 − 5 = 4.
j

© SEAMO X 2019 Practice Set D 5

 Solution 1
For notation purposes, let Alice be A, Bob be B, Carla be C, Derek be D,
and Eric be E. We can split this problem up into two cases:

𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 1: A sits on an edge seat.

Then, since B and C can't sit next to A, that must mean either D or E sits
next to A. After we pick either D or E, then either B or C must sit next to
D/E. Then, we can arrange the two remaining people in two ways. Since
there are two different edge seats that A can sit in, there are a total of
2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 16.
14 28
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2: A does not sit in an edge seat.

In this case, then only two people that can sit next to A are D and E, and
there are two ways to permute them, and this also handles the restriction
that D can't sit next to E. Then, there are two ways to arrange B and C, the
remaining people. However, there are three initial seats that A can sit in, so
there are 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 1seatings in this case.

Adding up all the cases, we have 16 + 12 = 28.

Solution 1
Note that 𝑛 ≡ 𝑆(𝑛)(𝑚𝑜𝑑9). This can be seen from the fact
that ∑a]yJ 10] 𝑎] ≡ ∑a]yJ 𝑎] (𝑚𝑜𝑑 9). Thus, if 𝑆(𝑛) = 1274, then 𝑛 ≡
5 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 9), and thus 𝑛 + 1 ≡ 𝑆(𝑛 + 1 ≡ 6 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 9). The only answer
choice that is 6 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 9) is 1239.

Solution 2
One divisibility rule for division that we can use in the problem is that a
multiple of 9 has its digit always add up to a multiple of 9. We can find out
15 1239 that the least number of digits the number 𝑁 is 142, with 141 9 's and 1 5,
assuming the rule above. No matter what arrangement or different digits we
use, the divisor rule stays the same. To make the problem simpler, we can
just use the 141 9's and 1 5. By randomly mixing the digits up, we are
likely to get: ... ... . By adding to this number, we
get: 9999...9996000...0000. Knowing that this number is ONLY divisible
by 9 when 6 is subtracted, we can subtract 6 from every available choice,
and see if the number is divisible by 9 afterwards. After subtracting 6 from
every number, we can conclude that 1233 (originally 1239) is the only
number divisible by . So our answer is 1239 .

© SEAMO X 2019 Practice Set D 6