1) Improved health and safety performance

Reduced cost associated with accidents and incidents

Improved staff relations and morale
Improve business efficiency
Improved public image and PR
Lower insurance premiums
Increased regulatory compliance
Improved confidence
Boost corporate and social responsibility

2) Production loss/worker distraction

Loss of skill/efficiency slowed production
Loss of morale
Legal issues
Medical expenses
Time lost from work by injured employee
Economic loss to injured worker’s family
Lost time by fellow employees
Damage to tools, equipment, and other property
Time lost for replacing damaged equipment
Spoiled work

3) Reduced costs
Reduced risks
Lower employee absence and turnover rates
Fewer accidents
Lessened threat of legal action
Improved standing among suppliers and partners
Better reputation for corporate responsibility among investors, customers and
communities

4) It can be categorized into internal and external information source

Internal information sources include:
Accident records.
Medical records.
Absence records.
Risk assessment.
Maintenance reports.
Safety representative inspections.
Audit reports.
 Safety committee meeting minutes.
External information sources include:
National legislation, e.g regulations.
Material safety data sheets from manufacturers.
National codes of practice and guidance notes.
National and international regulatory bodies, e.g HSE in the UK and OSHA in the
europe.
Manufacturer’s operating instructions.
Trade associations.
 Safety journals and magazines.

5) Production delay or down time

Medical cost
Accident investigation time
Compensation paid to workers
Loss of business reputation
Sick pay for injured worker
Overtime to make up for lost production
Reduction in staff moral

6) Production delay or down time:When there is delay, it will reduce the cost of
production e.g instead of producing 20 it will reduce to 10
Compensation paid to workers: The workers has to be compensated for the double
work some will do and also to boost their moral i.e instead of paying $10 it might be
increased to $15
Loss of business reputation: There will be loss in revenue as the company will not be
trusted, thereby leading to low efficiency. Some staff will stop coming to work and
they will tell others the workplace is not safe to work
Sick pay for injured worker: Despite the fact that the worker is not currently working
he will still get his wages/salary

7) The reasons for maintaining and promoting good standards of health and safety in the
workplace are categorized into:
Moral reasons which relate to the moral duty one person has to another. Harm is
morally unacceptable and society demands that people must be safe while at work
Financial reasons relates to the fact that accident and ill health cost money, when
accident occur, there will be direct or indirect cost in which some can be insured and
others cannot be
Legal reason relates to frame work of international and national laws that govern the
conduct of business and organization
8) Health is the absence of physical and psychological disease
Safety is the absence of risk of serious personal injury or the state where the risk of
harm has been eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level
Welfare means access to basic facilities such as toilet facilities, hand wash stations,
changing rooms, rest rooms, places where food can be prepared and eaten in relatively
hygienic conditions, drinking water and basic first aid provisions.

9) Provide PPE and clothing without charge to workers, this can be met by supplying it
to them upon assumption of duty
Provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment and use working
methods that are safe, this can be met by proper orientation, sensitization and
supervision of workers
Take reasonable measures to eliminate and extreme physical and mental fatigue, this
can be met by giving adequate welfarism to employees
Introduce organizational arrangements relevant to activities and size of undertaking

10) Formal enforcement action

Prosecution