CHAPTER-1-5 - SUPER-FINAL..... (Paula Mae Oroncillio)

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TECHNOLOGY
ACCOUNTANCY DEPARTMENT 7
IMPACT OF COVID -19 PANDEMIC ON THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN ACCOUNTANCY GRADUATES GRADUATES FOR THE SCHOOL
YEAR 2019-2021
A Masteral Dissertation
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Business and Entrepreneurial Technology
NORTH EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Vilasis Isabela City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Masters of Business Administration
2022
APPROVAL SHEETS
Attach here your data……………………………?

CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT
We all know that this time of community were the Covid 19 strikes in the
Phillipines brought to us so much intensity to all people specifically the rate of
employability. Majority of the company experiences economic downturn and
some are very restricted to move outside the community. The researcher came
up to use this study specifically because of the following questions. What is the
profile of the students in terms of; 1 st What is the profile of the respondents in
terms of (a). Age, (b) Gender, (c) Certificate of earned related course, (d) Status
of; 2nd What is the impact of the pandemic to the employability of the BSA
graduates in terms of: (a) Social Skills, (b) Technical Skills, (c) Competition, 3 rd
Is there any significant relationship between the impacts of a pandemic on the
employability of graduates when sorted according to profile?,4 th What are the
problems encountered by BSA graduates in terms of seeking jobs during a
pandemic? and lastly What career plan may be recommended based on the
outcome of the study?
To come up with the result the researcher uses Snowball Sampling Method
and online platform to easily disseminate the questionaires from the
respondents.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval sheets……………………………………………………………..2
Certification of the editor…………………………………………………..3
Aknowledgement…………………………………………………………..4
Abstract…………………………………………………………………….5
Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………...6
The problem and its Setting……………………………………………….8-10
Theoretical framework……………………………………………………8-10
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………….10-12
Statement of the problem………………………………………………....13
Hypothesis………………………………………………………………...14
Scope and limitation………………………………………………………16
Significance of the study…………………………………………………..18
Definition of terms………………………………………………………...19
Chapter 2………………………………………………………………….20
Review of Related Literature and Studies………………………………..21-39
Synthesis of the State of the art…………………………………………..40-41
Chapter 3…………………………………………………………………42
Research methodology……………………………………………………43
Research methods and design…………………………………………….44
Population of the Sampling Sheme………………………………………44
Description of the respondents…………………………………………...45
Research instruments…………………………………………………….45-46
Statistical treatment……………………………………………………....47
Chapter 4…………………………………………………………………47
Presentation and interpretation of Data…………………………………..48
Demographic profile of the respondents…………………………………48
Frequency and percentage distribution by age…………………………...48
Frequency distribution by the gender…………………………………….49

Frequency and percentage of the respondents by certificates……………50
Frequency and percentages of respondents by satatus of the respondents..53
Weighted mean of impact on the employability of BSA graduates in terms
of social skills…………………………………………………………….54
Weighted mean of Impact on the employability of the BSA graduates in
terms of technical skills…………………………………………………..56
Relationship of the age and employability of Fresh BSA graduates……..59
Relationships of Gender employability of fresh BSA graduates………....60
Relationships of certificates earned of employability of fresh BSA graduates
……………………………………………………………………………64-79
Chapter 5: Summary, Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations……..80
Recommendation………………………………………………………….83
Appendices………………………………………………………………...84
Refferences………………………………………………………………..86-92
Survey Questionaire………………………………………………………93-96
Curriculum Vitae………………………………………………………….97
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Employment most generally means the state of having a paid job or being
employed. It is also the number or percentage of people who have a job (Rogets
2013). Standard in hiring is the most crucial part especially now that the Philippines
and other countries are currently facing a pandemic. The pandemic have triggered
employment status. Hiring tends to decrease due to some businesses and companies
ceasing their operations due to bankruptcy. In some cases, they struggled to adapt to
the changing working environment. The pandemic provoked the graduates to adapt
how they learned. According to Stuard (2021), pandemics have led to real and
ongoing challenges for graduates and the profession for we all know that this
pandemic caused micro and macro levels of challenges.
The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak affects most all sectors of our society,
including higher education. According to Barzilay (2020), “this year’s graduating
students expected to graduate into one of the best hiring economies in recent times,
and now they are not.” Well, it is true, looking for a job after graduation is difficult
enough but imagine searching for one during a pandemic, it is extremely difficult.
Graduate students experience anger, anxiety, and fear at the same time when it
comes to their job prospects, as they graduated during the coronavirus pandemic. It's
understandable that students feel this way about the current situation. They studied for
several years to reach their dreams but because of the pandemic, it may be hindered.
One good example is Julie Francis, she graduated in the year 2020 and she said, “I
had no preference. I was applying everywhere,” another thing she said is, “I kept a list
of every company I spoke to, and I applied to over 200 places and interviewed with
five.” She had lined up a controls engineering job in March, but when lockdown
occurs, the company delayed her start date to April. Then, they changed it to June.
The Saturday before Francis’s third reappointed start date, she was notified over email
that her offer was rescinded (Francis, 2020). Another graduate is, Cheryn Shin, a
senior at Wellesley College majoring in English and creative writing, says she has
spent the past few months looking for a full-time job to start after graduation. But
because of the pandemic, her job search has become even harder. “It feels like even
fewer companies are looking to hire,” according to (Shin, 2020).
In response to COVID-19, many companies suffered and most of them shut
their businesses while some of them announced hiring freezes, canceled summer
internships, and pushed back start dates. This is what happened to a friend of one of
the researchers who is a BSA graduate. She was supposed to start at her job last
March 2020, but because of the 1st lockdown, it was rescheduled to June 2020.
Schwandt, though, pointed out a possible positive for these new graduates.
“Nothing is deterministic,” he said, explaining that heightened mobility between jobs
could actually work to graduates’ advantage (Schwandt, 2020). It's important to
remind students that the current economic state is temporary, and some large
businesses like PwC have a good offer to consider especially for the BSA graduates.
Although there are fewer vacancies right now, it is important that graduates should
look for an opportunity like these. Just like the example earlier, it is about the friend,
right now, that friend is currently working on PwC. So, the researchers encourage
their seniors who just graduated, not to be discouraged and never lose hope; just
continue researching and applying.
The purpose of this paper is to enlighten everyone on the impact of the COVID-
19 pandemic on Bachelor of Science in Accountancy Graduates for the School Year
2020-2022. So, the researchers would like to encourage universities to manage the
internship program thoroughly. This means that they should collaborate with public or
private organizations for students' industrial training or internship as part of the
requirement to complete their courses and put students in a place where they can learn
or even be absorbed after internship.
Theoretical Framework
Few studies highlighted Covid-19 in relation to educational studies. Covid-
19 have a profound impact on the employment industries. Recently, the employment
of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy graduates of North Easthern University

showed that Covid-19 adversely affects work practices. Therefore, the current study
was conducted to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the employment of Bachelor
of Science in Accountancy graduates of Rizal Technological University School Year
2020-2021.
The theory of Employment is a theory about the decisions of employers to hire
labor and of employees to offer their services. Keynes argues that the General Theory
is necessary in order to explain how unemployment can arise from a lack of aggregate
demand. The neoclassical theory applies standard demand-and-supply analysis to
labor markets and treats unemployment as a disequilibrium phenomenon that arises
from the persistence of wages at a level higher than that which clears the labor
market.
This study is supported by the theory of Times Higher Education (2020). The
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Academic Performance. “Covid-19 pandemic has
affected all levels of the education system. Educational institutions around the world
(in 192 countries) have either temporarily closed or implemented localized closures
affecting about 1.7 billion of the student population worldwide. Many universities
around the world either postponed or canceled all campus activities to minimize
gatherings and hence decrease the transmission of the virus. However, these measures
lead to higher economical, medical, and social implications on both undergraduate
and postgraduate communities.”

According to the study by Gould and Kassa (2020). Young workers hit hard by
the COVID-19 economy: Workers ages 16–24 face high unemployment and an
uncertain future. According to their studies, “Due to the pandemic, millions of
workers of all ages suffered job losses in the coronavirus-driven recession, but the
economic impact on young workers have been more intense. Young workers have
experienced worse outcomes than older workers leading up to and during the
pandemic recession.”
Right now, the global accountancy profession have the precise opportunity to
transform the benefit of businesses, government, and society. It is also a critical
moment for the professionals to nurture existing talent and attract new talent. Global
accountancy have achieve this progress collectively, with clear and measurable goals.
In the Philipines, there is a huge competition in job markets and a lot of fresh
graduates come out every year. Among them not all looks for job, many of them start
a new business or manage their family business and some may go abroad for higher
studies or to continue studies in our country. But those fresh graduates who are
looking for jobs, find it hard to get. There are so many reasons, we can say that in
finding suitable jobs is riskier for their career. But now, it was inevitable because of
the impact of Covid-19 pandemic were posed high challenges to the job industries for
fresh graduates. As the economic impact of the pandemic is becoming clearer,
businesses and some organizations cut off so many workers and employees to reduce
costs. Fresh graduates, with very recent graduation, and not having any prior work
experience, may get highly affected by the recent economic crisis. They are supposed
to be missed out work experience. Their opportunities have been canceled both during
the lockdown and beyond. This pandemic will not only affects access to the job
market but also the other related opportunities which are important route into the
professional workplace for them.
With those theories, the researchers found out that graduates, hit hard
experience during this pandemic. Also, they come up with the idea that graduates
should do research to improve their skills and focus on building their CVs or resume
to show that they have done something productive with their time.
Conceptual Framework
The concepts, theories, and studies in the theoretical framework serve as the
basis for the development of the study’s conceptual model.
The paradigm illustrates the input-process-output (IPO) model. According to
Galfarsoro F., (2020), the input-process-output model is used by the researchers to
present the set of inputs necessary for the process part and eventually would result in
the output expected by the researchers. It is a process viewed as a series of boxes
connected by inputs and outputs. Flow charts and diagrams are often used to represent
the process. What goes in is the input; what causes the changes in the process; what
comes out is the output.

In this study, research paradigm shows the interplay of the independent
variables which composed of the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
age, gender, certificate earned, and status of employment. It also includes the effect of
pandemics on employment in terms of social skills, technical skills, and competition
as a new graduate student. Data gathering through survey questionnaires and
interviews, the expected output yields to formulate career plans for the new graduates
and recommendations for the challenges encountered by BSA students in seeking a
job during a Pandemic.
INPUT PROCESS
1. Profile of the respondents
1.1. Age Data gathering through

1.2. Gender Questionnaire
1.3. Certificate earned Interview
related Statistical treatment
to course interpretation and analysis of
1.4. Status of employment? data.
2. Effect of Pandemic to the

Employment
2.1.Social skills
2.2.Technical skills
2.3.Competition
3. Challenges Encountered
OUTPUT
Impact of a pandemic on the
employability of BSA graduates of
North Easthern University.
Figure 1: Research Paradigm
Impact Pandemic to the Employability of BSA Graduates of North Easthern
University SY 2019-2021
Statement of the Problem
As the Philippines is still in the midst of a Pandemic outbreaks it brings a huge
effect on the economy and employment status for some businesses ceased due to
bankruptcy. The researchers aim to know the impact of employment during a
pandemic on BSA Graduates of North Easthern University Academic Year 2019 -
2021.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the students in terms of:
1.1. Age;
1.2. Gender;
1.3. Certificate earned related to course
1.4. Status of employment?

2. What is the impact of the pandemic to the employability of the BSA
graduates in terms of:
2.1. Social skills;
2.2. Technical skills;
2.3. Competition?
3. Is there any significant relationship between the impacts of a pandemic on
the employability of graduates when sorted according to profile?
4. What are the problems encountered by BSA graduates in terms of seeking
jobs during a pandemic?
5. What career plan may be recommended based on the outcome of the study?
Hypothesis Tested
This study was tested using a 0.05 level of significance.
H01: Majority there is no significant link and relationship between the impacts
of a pandemic to the employability of graduates when sorted according to profile.
However, there is a significant relationship in terms of competition and gender as
well as certificates earned and acquired as a technical skill.
Scope and Delimitations/Limitations of the Study

This research focused on the impact of a pandemic on the employability of BSA
graduates. The main goal of this study is to perceive what are the difficulties they
encountered while they were searching for a job. It involves 102 BSA graduated
students. They finish their studies at North Easthern University, Isabela City.
The researchers believed that the respondents live in NCR, around Isabela City,
Philippines but the Barangay is unknown. They believe that those are the possible
residence of the respondents since the school is located in the said area.
This study is based on the BSA graduates status in the year 2019-2021. To
support the reliability of this data, the researchers conducted a survey of different
BSA graduate students.
This research was conducted because the researchers wanted to be aware of the
troubles of the BSA graduates who were looking for a job. As the researchers were
next to them, they want to know all of these factors so they can prepare themselves
for what they may face in the future. Furthermore, they wish to know how can this be
avoided or addressed.
For this study, the researchers applied the purposive and snowball sampling
method rather than the systematic sampling technique, and the study was done by
answering the questionnaire through google form as a survey reference and interview
through messenger to comply with the restrictions given by the COVID-19 Inter-
Agency Task Force (IATF) for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases
Resolutions. Careful analysis and interpretation of the gathered data were done to
come up with insights, conclusions, and recommendations.
This research was conducted during a pandemic. Due to the danger of COVID-
19 viruses, the researchers decided to limit the supposedly 384 target respondents to
102 respondents only.
Significance of the Study
The researchers hope this study can contribute to find out where the impact of
pandemics on the employability of BSA graduates. Moreover, the results of the study
will be beneficial to the following:
North Easthern University’s current accounting students may possibly
stimulate the awareness of North Easthern University’s current accounting students
to the possible trouble they may face after they graduate. Also, assess the student’s
readiness in their field of expertise.
North Easthern University’s previous accounting students or graduate
students may learn how to deal with such troubles and help them improve their
competency. This study will ensure income protection while providing job search
assistance and support.

Accounting students can get an idea and become aware of issues that a BSA
graduate facing. Especially if they are a graduating student who will soon search for a
job, it can be their guide.
Schools may acquire the result of this study and may possibly help their
students to find better ways to assist and prepare them in terms of experience. This
study will try to find a solution in order to face the challenge of employment during
this pandemic.
Future Researchers can use this study as a reference material to come up with
other studies. It will benefit them because of the availability of information that we
already conducted.
Definition of Terms
The terms used in this study are defined based on the meanings set by the
researchers and how they were used in this study.
Accountancy- It defines as the practice of recording, classifying and reporting
on business transactions for a business.
A career plan- It is a strategy a person uses to determine career goals and the
path to achieve those goals.
Employability- it is refers to transferable skills needed by an individual to
make them employable.

An internship- It is defines as a professional learning experience, related to a
student's field of study or career interest.
The purposive Sampling Method – It is a form of non-probability sampling in
which researchers rely on their beliefs to choose a respondent to answer.
Snowball Sampling Method- It is a form of a non-probability sampling
technique where respondents recruit another respondent among their acquaintances.
Social Skills are the skills we use every day to interact and communicate with
others.
Technical Skills- It is a set of abilities or knowledge used to perform practical
tasks.
The systematic Sampling Technique- It indicates a type of probability
sampling method in which sample members from a larger population are selected
according to a random starting point but with a fixed, periodic interval.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter primarily presents the different related literature and studies from
both foreign and local researchers, which have significant relevance to the title,
theories, and variables included in the research. It concentrates on several aspects that
will help in the progress of this study. The study is generally focused on the impact of
a pandemic on the employability of BSA graduates of North Easthern University SY
2019 – 2021. The related literature and studies come from articles, journals, electronic
materials like PDFs and other existing thesis and dissertations, foreign and local that
are inferred to be useful in the development of this study and give a synthesis of the
reviewed literature and studies.
Pandemic Employability
Employability can be defined as the individual's ability to obtain and maintain
employment throughout their career (Cole and Tibby, 2013). According to Yorke
(2006), the individual’s employability is 'a set of achievements –skills,
understandings and personal attributes that makes graduates more likely to gain
employment and be successful in their chosen occupations, which benefits
themselves, the workforce, the community, and the economy. All these competencies’
variables are controlled by attitudes; thus, they should be taken into consideration as
it dominates the mindset of the employee. Employability is having a set of skills,
knowledge, understanding, and personal attributes. Employment promotes
independence and personal achievement. You’re responsible for the role you do and
make decisions every day. No matter what kind of work you’re engaged in, you are
adding value and making a contribution to your workplace. To a degree, your job also
shapes who you are as a person. How many times have you met someone and the first
thing they ask you is ‘what do you do?’ (Perthnow, 2019). In simple terms,
employability is about being capable of getting and keeping fulfilling work. But as
stated in OECD.org (2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the employability
that there is a real danger that the crisis will increase poverty and widen inequalities,
with the impact felt for years to come. In the National Conference of State Legislature
(2020), the sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is dealing a severe blow to
state economies, businesses, and workers.
According to Stuart, A., (2021), accounting alumni from the graduating classes
of 2020 and 2021 finished their undergraduate or graduate accounting degrees and
prepared to enter the profession after having their education, internships, and lives
dramatically disrupted by the COVID-19 global pandemic. Amidst canceled exams
and revoked internships, there are concerns that the accountants of the future are
being left behind. The up-and-coming accountancy talent runs the risk of being left
behind as universities cancel classes and firms re-evaluate 2020 internships (Moyer,
2020).
Oxford dictionary (2020) defines the new normal as an event, status, or era that
previously was unfamiliar, or typical a situation that has become standard, usual, or
expected. A covid-19 pandemic is a sudden event, but this new normal can also be a
consequence of broader changes in the modern world (like climate changes,
migration, wars, poverty, hunger); besides the development of technology. For this
reason, the new post-pandemic reality, the new normal, is going to be a result of all
mentioned changes. However, the attitudes endeavor we had to follow during the
COVID-19 pandemic have shaped our life, in a few months, like no decade before in
recent history. With the strive of the countries and the communities for effective
containment of this contagious disease, the world is experiencing a huge disruption to
all the economic activities and social life. The radical changes that people had to do
due to the management of risks; i.e., the need to react, abide by the new regulations,
and be prepared for the worst; have shacked up the basis of many assumed concepts
of life. Even now, we changed how we perceive doing business and delivering
services in the future (Buheji, 2020). Since this pandemic might have a series of
outbreaks, it is expected to have different phases where we need to react, then realize
and reflect on the essence of the sudden major life challenges. As the world would
strive to resume its activity towards better productivity and progressive growth, it
would need to go through fuzziness and would need to reshape itself to fit the pre-
requisites of the next new normal. According to Levenson, Helyer, and Lee (2014),
the coming next horizons of the post-COVID-19 era could be characterized as the
‘urgency of the moment' era. Thus, the competency here is about the capacity to not
lose sight of the actions that might be needed for tomorrow (Buheji and Ahmed,
2019). The new normal comes to ensure the community and organization’s rapid
response and efficient adaptation to change. This would ensure that the world would
be more ready for its emergence with a stronger position after each shock, crisis, or,
global challenge (Politico Magazine, 2020). Buheji (2020) mentioned that the 'next to
normal' or the post-COVID-19 era would not be similar to the pre-COVID-19 years.
The pandemic would touch on the main issues of life, what we believe in, how we
think, how we visualize our role in life and our next-generation essentials.
According to Dagalev D., Mitevska K., and Gijovska V., (2020), coronavirus
has significantly changed the course of (almost) all activities of public life. It’s had a
profound impact on socialization - how we go about our usual daily communication,
socializing, playing, learning, how we interact with each other, and earn to behave in
a way that is acceptable to society. The word socializing has gained new forms of
practice and with-it new challenges and difficulties.
In addition to that, in the study conducted by Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD, 2019). The COVID-19 health crisis is an
unprecedented shock that is transforming the lives and livelihoods of individuals

around the globe. The combination of fear of infection, public guidelines, and great
uncertainty produced a sharp contraction in economic activity and disrupted global
value chains with a deep and widespread shock to the labor market. In addition, state-
imposed lockdowns and firms closures have had very significant impacts, with
millions of workers across many countries experiencing a reduction in, or the
complete loss of, their livelihoods. As industries were forced to cease operations in
order to protect the health of workers and promote compliance with mitigation and
containment policies. Many workers were able to continue working through remote
working arrangements. For example, according to real-time survey data, by mid-
April, a large share of workers – from 29% in Canada to 60% in New Zealand -
shifted to working from home (Foucault and Galasso).
Adaptation
Due to the high unemployment status, It is expected that new normal, ETIs are
expected to identify the set of competencies that they target their graduates to possess,
as per the cluster, or the competitiveness of the community or the country and its
condition, or phase during the new normal. ETIs then could adopt those employability
competencies as they are or add some that are reflecting their own identity. The other
challenge would be how to integrate the learning program with a very dynamic,
repeatedly changing world market and community conditions. According to Stuart
(2021), this disruption has led to real and ongoing challenges for graduates and the
profession, but the positives give us reasons for optimism. We saw many students
who used the challenges of the pandemic to find opportunities, reset expectations, and
further develop their evolving skill sets. The pandemic imposed enormously difficult
conditions on recent graduates. Beginning in March 2020, virtually all higher learning
institutions transitioned to online-only course delivery in an effort to safeguard the
health and welfare of their communities. While this helped limit the community’s
spread of the virus, students faced a great deal of adversity across many facets of their
lives. Uncertainty about how their coursework would be completed compounded
other stresses related to employment, personal living, and family-related concerns,
and universities started seeing record levels of depression and anxiety among
students. To make matters worse, many of the challenges have had a disproportionate
effect on certain demographic groups, such as racial and ethnic minority communities
and the poor.
Many businesses have had to close their premises during the coronavirus
outbreak. According to CNN Business (2020), there is about 60% of businesses that
have closed during the coronavirus pandemic will never reopen, and restaurants have
suffered the most. "The situation is difficult," said Charo Logarta-Lagamon,
spokesperson at Cebu Air, the county's largest low-cost airline, which was forced to
cancel over 200 daily domestic flights and is processing 2 billion pesos ($40 million)
worth of refunds. Philippine Airlines has halted over 60 daily routes. Elmer Mendivel
(n.d.), who owns a vegetable cart in the normally crowded Divisoria market in
downtown Manila, said Sunday that he was struggling to sell all his produce. "By this
time, people should have sold everything. Now they are rotting" Mendivel said
removing rotten leaves from his cabbages. "People are afraid to go out."
Social Skills
Social skills are the skills are used every day to interact and communicate with
others. They include verbal and non-verbal communication, such as speech, gesture,
facial expression, and body language (Kidsense, n.d.). Jonowiak III (2015) said that
the process of using social skills is called socialization. People learned socialization
skills at an early age. Before they could even talk or learned socialization skills from
the caregivers around them. In the workplace, social skills are known as interpersonal
skills. Both social skills and interpersonal skills refer to the same thing—interaction
with others.
Accountants must communicate with many people, including both internal and
external stakeholders. Internal colleagues may include an accountant’s employees or
management personnel. They may also be colleagues from other departments who
need accounting advice on topics such as insurance or marketing. For example,
Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) specialize in tax forms, balance statements, and
other forms of financial documentation that their clients must legally disclose. This
role requires precision, analytical skills, and strong ethics.
A common misconception is that accountants are often introverts who prefer to
work in isolation. Accountants are essential, active members of corporate teams, and
as such, they must constantly interact and communicate with people, according to
UND (n.d). They need to work with others. Collaboration is important to enabling
people and groups to work together to achieve common goals and achieve mutual
benefits. Through collaboration, participants can exchange valuable information that
helps both sides improve their knowledge base and work efficiently in terms of time
and resources.
Technical skills are the abilities and knowledge needed to perform specific
tasks. They are practical and often relate to mechanical, information technology,
mathematical, or scientific tasks. Some examples include knowledge of programming
languages, design programs, mechanical equipment, or tools (Doyle, A 2021).
According to Chen (2021), technical skills consist of an array of knowledge topics
that include computing abilities, quantitative analysis, and various financial market
forecasting techniques. Technical analysis requires a variety of mathematical skills,
often advanced in nature, to produce price chart analysis and model trends that look at
historical information to predict future price movements.
For example, in technical project planning or project management, most
accounting work clearly qualifies as a project. According to the Project Management
Institute (n.d.), a project is a "Temporary effort to produce a unique product, service,
or outcome". Further refinement of the two words in this definition provides a great
deal of insight into project management. These words are temporary and unique.
Understanding a project as temporary means understanding that the project must have
a well-defined purpose. For CPA, this means a variety of customer-specific services,
such as B. Tax returns, edits or reviews, cash flow forecasts, or audits (Kless, E.,
2010).
Haley (2019) stated that technical accounting skills serve a variety of purposes
for companies that are looking to fill open positions. First and foremost, these skills
ensure the precise recording of financial transactions and facilitate accurate
forecasting for the future. Without technology, critical business predictions like
projected revenue growth or future labor needs wouldn’t be possible. Technical skills
are the expertise and competence required to perform specific digital or physical
tasks. No matter what industry you or your employees are in, knowledge of some
technical skills will be required to fulfill day-to-day performance.
According to J Branka., (2016) Matching of jobs and skills is the most
important issue for employers and individuals - and it is also one of the public
sector’s key priorities. Tools must therefore be developed and duly applied to
measure the level of skills mismatch and to identify critical areas for interventions. A
solid partnership amongst different stakeholders in skills development is necessary,
particularly with the business sector and employers’ representatives. Employers and
training providers mostly articulate their short-term needs. This reflects the reality of
labor and training markets: most employers and training providers simply do not plan
for the long term; the immediate or short-term benefits of skills recognition (1-2 years
maximum) are their key interests. Governments must respond to today’s pressing
needs of the labor market and society, help to address the employers’ skills gaps,
reduce unemployment, and improve the occupational safety and social protection of
workers.
For Pearson Education Incorporation, (2022) certification can improve
academic performance because it can be the key to validating your knowledge and
can enhance academic performance. It can also reduce dropout rates: 0.2% vs 1.0%.
Therefore with or without a certificate earned employability of the graduates was not
affected at all or affected.
Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal
that cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss. According to IET (2021), in
a competitive job market, people need the right combination of education, experience,
and skills to stand out among other candidates. Learning about different strategies for
standing out from the competition can go a long way toward finding the perfect job.
For example, according to Tan and Pierce (2019), college graduates seemed to
be able to easily get their dream job after graduating. Companies are open to new
graduates shortly after graduating from college. Even with a bachelor's degree, college
graduates gain better bargaining power and stand out from their peers without a formal
education. But that was many years ago. Today, the labor market is much more
competitive. If you are a recent graduate or final-year student, stepping into the world
of work can be intimidating and challenging at the same time. Some graduates tend to
be skeptical because their employers do not want to hire inexperienced people. They
believe that when it comes to job hunting, there is nothing better than veteran talent.
However, this is not a real scenario. For several reasons, some companies prefer to
hire new graduates rather than experienced graduates. SMEs and start-ups are
examples of organizations that do not hesitate to accept college graduates. Startups are
known to be college-friendly, with full-time positions, freelancers, and student
internships. However, this does not mean that they will accept all types of new
graduates. Experience isn't the most important indicator when it comes to hiring new
hires, but startup founders are looking for the best talent to show their great potential
in the industry.
There is a strong misconception that millennials are always obsessed with
smartphones and digital devices and are only interested in jobs that bring a fat salary to
their homes, but the truth is the opposite. Due to fierce competition in the labor market
and the current economic slowdown, graduates are encouraged to do their best to get
the job they want. And if they secure jobs, they will work harder and be more
productive to keep working. Most millennials and Gen Z talents today are known to be
tech-savvy. People have grown up in an era where the Internet and digital
transformation are new standards, and they feel more comfortable with new
technologies compared to older generations. Well-known tech startups need people
with this idea to make technology graduates the best candidates. Startups are usually
created by individuals who want to do something that has an impact on society.

Graduates in recent years have become valuable assets to the company, full of new
perspectives and original ideas.
According to Dr. Eddie S. See, (2018) this study found out that gender among
the graduates of Bicol University seems to have a bearing on the course they took in
college, their present employment, and their present occupation. Males still crowd the
engineering, technology, agriculture, and criminology associated courses but the
females dominate almost all the rest of the courses. Males take up the executive
positions in government and special interest organizations and machine operations
tasks jobs while females predominate in almost all other jobs, especially professional
careers. These findings suggest the reasonability of pursuing further studies that could
test the hypothesis that a significant association exists between gender and the
variables mentioned. On the other hand, sex appears not to have an influence on the
honors they received in college, the reason for taking the college course, their present
professional skills, their place of work, the relation of the college course to their first
job, the length of time in finding a job and the job level.
This study is attached to two theories one is Kotter’s (2004) “There are vast
differences in women’s and men’s access to and opportunities to exert power over
economic structures in society” and, two, “Gender discrimination across the board
exists in terms of education, hiring and compensation, promotion, mobility and
inadequate sharing of family responsibilities” (Kotter, 2004).

Study shows that According to Catalyst Incorporation (2020), The Proportion of
Women Studying Accounting Worldwide Is Close to Parity1. The overall percentage
of women studying accounting worldwide was 49% in 2018, up from 48% in 2014.
Study shows that m of accountants are women.
Education during Pandemic
According to the blog post in Habitat for Humanity (2020), the importance of
education in society has always been great as it is irrespective of caste, race, gender,
or religion. Educated people are treated as equals on the basis of their knowledge and
competence. In addition to this, educated people are open-minded and are able to
listen to and accept other people’s views regardless of the fact of how different they
are. Education offers a possibility to live independently and thus be free. It is our
shelter against financial storms and wrong decisions (Habitat for Humanity, 2020).
In an article written by El, G.R., (2021) “Covid-19 have dramatically reshaped
the way global education is delivered.” He stated that millions of learners were
affected by educational institution closures due to the pandemic, which resulted in the
largest online movement in the history of education. With this sudden shift away from
classrooms in many parts of the globe, universities had to rapidly shift to virtual and
digital strategies. This is one of the studies investigating the effect of the sudden shift
from face-to-face to online distance learning due to the COVID-19 lockdown at one
of the universities in Egypt.

As asserted in the study of Alshurafat, H., et al., (2021). Online learning
systems in developing countries such as Jordan face many challenges. Universities
worldwide have dealt with obstacles in terms of continuing face-to-face education.
An online learning system is an indispensable solution for all universities. However,
students have not been adequately prepared to use online learning systems. This study
examines the factors that impact the use of online learning systems by accounting
students in Jordanian public universities. In the same study, they also said that
delivering knowledge content and assessing students’ performance through an online
learning system are complicated processes, particularly when instructors and students
are not prepared (Aisbitt &Sangster, 2005; Barnard-Brak et al., 2010; Litherland et
al., 2013). Despite the benefits of online learning systems, Means et al. (2009) argue
that these systems are considered less productive at traditional colleges and
universities.
In a research performed by Bozkurt et al. (n.d.), “Impact of the interruption of
education due to COVID-19 pandemic in 31 countries.” The study highlighted major
themes that have commonly arisen in these countries from the interruption of
education during COVID-19, such as the inequity and the digital divide which have
been aggravated during the pandemic, the need for alternative assessment and
evaluation methods, and the needed switch to formative assessments through both
synchronous and asynchronous means, and the use of online proctoring services as a
way to control for cheating and academic dishonesty.

According to Andrew Hamada, (2020) the "right" age to graduate is whatever
age you are when you've fulfilled the requirements to obtain your degree and even
that is debatable. In the Philippines, most people are 18 when they begin college.
Thus many graduates are at the age of 22 when they finish a 4-year program on time.
Some programs actually require a 5th year (or 10 semesters' worth of credits), so
students are often older than 22 when they finish. The student who is in their early
20s and has a large range of youngest accountants and 30s was the oldest.
According to J Phys Ther Sci., (2015) The International Labor Organization
(ILO) has estimated that by the year 2025, the proportion of individuals over the age
of 55 will be 32% in Europe, 30% in North America, 21% in Asia, and 17% in Latin
America. The Republic of Korea in particular is already experiencing this aging of its
population; in 2010, individuals aged 65 and older accounted for 11.3% of the total
population. In 2018, the nation is expected to become an aged society, with the
elderly making up 14.3% of the population, and in 2016, the nation is projected to
enter the class of a super-aged society, with the elderly population at 20.8%. This
trend is predicted to continue, and the elderly population is expected to comprise
24.3% of the total in 2030 and 40.1% in 2060. As a result of the aging population in
the Republic of Korea, the economic participation rate of aging workers, who have
been defined by the World Health Organization as those aged 45 or older, increased
by an average of 47% from 1998 to 2007. Even more dramatically, the participation
rate of the elderly, defined by the Welfare of the Aged Act as those 65 or older,
increased to about 82% within this time. As workers age, their physical and mental
abilities tend to decline, and, accordingly, the occurrence of accidents and diseases
among workers increases as they age. Therefore, workability evaluations and the
systematic management of elderly workers are necessary. The term workability has
been used since the 1980s, beginning with several research and praxis-oriented
projects completed in Finland.
Graduates pursuing job
Finding a job is not easy, especially in times of economic turmoil (Habitat for
Humanity, 2020). Applicants often need to compete with hundreds of other
candidates for a vacant position. In addition, the lower the education level, the greater
the number of people applying for the same low-paying entry-level post. However,
with the right qualifications and educational background, it is said in the blog that job
seeker will increase their chances of landing a fulfilling job (Habitat for Humanity,
2020).
Once a study was conducted by El-Boghdadi, H., Noor, F. and Mahmoud, M.,
(2021) entitled, “The appearance of COVID-19 virus has affected many aspects of
life”. These include and are not limited to social, financial, and economic changes.
Many countries have taken action to continue the teaching process through online
teaching platforms. They said that the students are expected to graduate during the
next few semesters with certificates that include some online-completed courses and
their graduation certificates are called mixed certificates. Their study covers how
different companies, organizations, and even governmental entities would accept such
certificates when hiring. They also include the perception of the job market for such
certificates for different learning fields.
Hooley, T., (2020) concluded that “Covid-19 is having a profound and
damaging impact on the global economy.” Many countries are reporting dramatic
rises in levels of unemployment. There is concern that these changes are having a
disproportionate impact on young people as stated by the study of ISE and INEUCS
(2020). Based on their finding “graduate recruitment volumes are down everywhere.”
Graduating during lockdown finding a job would be challenging, said by Fraser
(n.d). She expressed her frustration to the employer who ask them for one to two
years of experience. She said that “This was something neither her, nor most
graduates, would be able to accept.” She also told about graduates currently looking
for work. She also shared that some of her friends from University that have just
graduated with first-class undergraduate degrees and first-class master’s and yet still
cannot find work” (Lane, C., 2021).
Tips to secure a job in the middle of a Pandemic
Hawes (n.d.) instructs that graduates need a proper plan. They need to do more
research and try to unearth these companies because they might not be advertising
widely. He said that “Using their time in quarantine to their advantage is a great way
to get ahead of the game.” He advocates for students to complete SWOT analysis,
identifying personal Strengths and Weaknesses, and the Opportunities and Threats in
the workplace at the moment, only then can students have a clear idea of which skills
they need to improve. He proposes to focus on building the graduate’s CV by
volunteering or developing their skills in an online course in topics such as Microsoft
Excel or SEO. He said that “This will show potential employers that they’ve done
something constructive with their time.” He alwayadvisesse graduates to start
applying as early as possible. According to him, “Big employers have quite rigid
timetabling, whereas smaller companies tend to hire all year round” (Lane, C., 2021).
According to RB hill., (2005) although there have been numerous changes
within the workplace during the past century, employers continue to search for
employees with a strong work ethic. Employers often cite a strong work ethic as the
most desired characteristic in a new employee (Denka, 1994; Hill & Petty, 1995;
Young, 1986). Work ethic can be described as a set of characteristics and attitudes in
which an individual worker assigns importance and merit to work. Those with a
strong work ethic place a positive value on doing a good job and describe work as
having an intrinsic value of its own (Cherrington, 1980; Yankelovich & Immerwahr,
1984). Employers seek employees who are dependable, having good interpersonal
skills, and demonstrate initiative. Prior research have associated these characteristics
with a high level of work ethic (Hill & Petty). Employers value a strong work ethic
because of the economic benefits it provides to businesses (Ali & Falcone, 1995).
Businesses with employees who are committed to work have a market advantage.
Furthermore, when a new hire does not have sufficient commitment to work and lacks
dependability, interpersonal skills, or initiative the organization is at risk of losing
productivity and profits.
Further, as stated in MindTools (n.d.), professionalism is a powerful quality. It
allows you to fulfill your role to the best of your ability. It helps you to impress and
inspire others. And it gives you a deep sense of satisfaction and self-worth.
Furthermore, professionalism involves consistently achieving high standards, both in
the work you do and the way you behave. They also professed the eight-core
characteristics of professionalism as Competence, Knowledge, Conscientiousness,
Integrity, Respect, Emotional Intelligence, Appropriateness, and Confidence.
Advantages of students who graduate during Pandemic
“Employment outcomes three years after graduating have remained relatively
stable over many years” (Jackson, C., 2021). Despite the impact of COVID-19, the
graduate employment market remains strong with 88.9 percent of graduates in full-
time work three years after completing their studies. More than three-quarters of
graduates in employment three years out were working in professional or managerial
jobs. “Graduates continue to enjoy a strong employment advantage as a result of their
university education, despite facing a COVID-19 recession and a weakening labor
market” (Jackson, n.d.). While the pandemic’s effect on the economy dampened
graduates’ immediate employment outcomes last year, medium-term results have held
up well. The full-time employment rate three years out from graduation was 88.9
percent, while the corresponding figure in 2020 was 90.1 percent (Universities
Autralia, 2021).
Spring 2020 college graduates have emerged into a world turned upside down
by COVID-19. The job prospects and post-college lifestyles these graduates were
imagining for themselves just a few months ago are today largely nonexistent. “It’s
not one part of their life, it’s every part of their life,” (Bensley, R., (2020). He also
mentions that employers have uncertainty and don’t know the day when things will
lift. No one has enough information to give answers. He points out that students,
many of whom had to unexpectedly finish their senior year coursework online, can
claim an advantage when it comes to adaptability and comfort with technology.
“Because of COVID-19, new jobs and new ways of doing business are opening up.
This is going to cause a new wave of change, and [employers] may not be going back
to the way it was.” “These students are ahead of the curve. They will be resilient with
what they’ve learned,” according to him. He also urges students and recent graduates
to start with professors and mentors whom they already know or have worked with.
“They can then use those connections to secure introductions to other professionals in
their desired field. Those professionals can recommend still others they would
recommend connecting with, and so on, in a widening circle” (Bray, B., 2020).
Synthesis of the state of the art
This topic is specifically site related factors that may affects employability
status during a pandemic. Employability is defined as having a set of skills,

knowledge, understanding, and personal attributes. In other words, employability is
about being capable of getting and keeping fulfilling work. But as pandemics arose,
they triggered the possibility that many businesses had to close their premises during
the coronavirus outbreak causing a delay in their career. Aside from that, sudden
changes appeared that led to a new normal setup. As the world would strive to
resume its activity towards better productivity and progressive growth, it would need
to go through adaptation and would need to reshape itself to fit the pre-requisites of
the next new normal.
Social skills, technical skills, and competencies are connected to each other.
Social skills are a skill that is necessary on a daily basis to interact with other people.
This includes linguistic and nonverbal communication such as language, gestures,
facial expressions, and body language. Technical skills are the skills needed to
complete a particular task. They are practical and often associated with information
technology. In Competition, People needs the right combination of education,
experience and skills to differentiate themselves from other candidates. In finding a
suitable job, there is competition between the gender, it looks like that more than half
of the population in the accounting industry is women. Learning different strategies to
stand out from X`the competition will greatly help you find the perfect job. It is
important to focus most of the relevant skills and strengths when writing resumes,
cover letters, and interviewing. The most intense part of some applicants, it can
demonstrate their match to the position and show the employer how they would add
value to the organization and have a better their chances of job search success.
On account of this pandemic, education were one of those severely affected.
Students were forced to study online. Students who graduated during the pandemic
struggled to find a job to some employers wanted to hire with/without experience.
Whether there was a pandemic or not, experience does matter when seeking a job.
Although some employers prefer to hire fresh graduates since their pay is lower.
Aside from education, people's lives were also affected, especially their financial and
social life asset. When the pandemic circulated, most people lost their job. Students
who graduated during the pandemic have an advantage using technology. Another
thing is because of the pandemic new jobs and ways to do business change that might
be beneficial to the students who graduated in the middle of the pandemic. To make
their time useful, people, particularly fresh graduates who are looking for a job, must
have their time to draw up a plan on how to get a job.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the research method used, the study of the population
frame, the description of respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedure,
and the statistical treatment of the data. The methodologies of the study are used to
examine the impacts of pandemics on the employability of BSA graduates of North
Easthern University SY 2019 – 2021.
Research Method and Design
In this study, the researchers used a mixed-method research design. According
to Creswell, (2012) a mixed-method research design is a procedure for collecting,
analyzing, and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative research methods. It guides
the direction of the collection and analysis of data. Its central premise is that the use
of quantitative and qualitative approaches in combination provided a better
understanding of research problems. This research design have the objective of
providing information regarding a certain population without intervention by the
researchers. Thus, the researchers choose the survey and interview method to obtain
the accurate date from a pre-defined group of respondents to gain information and
insights on various topics of interest.
Population and Sampling Scheme

The researchers conducted a survey with one hundred two (102) BSA
graduates in North Easthern University Isabela City to rely on their answers on what
was the impact of a pandemic on their employment. A sample size representing the
city will be determined proportionately to the number of enrollees in Academic Year
2019 - 2021.
Researchers used snowball and purposive sampling techniques under non-
probability to focus on potential participants but hard to find, so with the help of the
snowball technique where research participants recruited their batch mates to answer
the survey. By using purposive sampling before conducting the survey and interview
the researchers used the selection criteria, Bachelor of Science, in Accountancy
Graduates, where the student is studying in North Easthern University from
graduated under Academic Year 2019 - 2021 category.
Description of Respondents
The respondents of this study were graduate students from North Easthern
University under the Academic Year 2019-2021 with a bachelor’s degree in
Accounting. Selected students were chosen from the Mandaluyong campus which is
the main branch. Havin a 36 males and 66 females. There was a total of one hundred
two (102) respondents.
Research Instrument
The researchers is used the measurement tools modified to gather and analyze
data based on the topic of interest. The researchers obtained precise information from
the respondents to determine their assessments of the effect of the pandemic on the
employability of the BSA graduates. The data was collected using the following
instruments:
1. Survey Questionnaire.
1.1 Construction: The researchers used a self-made questionnaire based on the
statement of the problem, divided into two (2) parts:
Part 1: Refers to the profile of respondents according to their age, gender, the
status of employment, and certificate earned. The researchers used Frequency
Distribution to measure the respondents ‘demographic information.
Part 2: This portion explained the impact of the pandemic on the employability
of the BSA graduates in terms of social skills, technical skills, and competition.
Table 1
Likert Scale
Verbal
Scale Range
Interpretation
4 3.50-4.00 Always (A)
3 2.50-3.49 Sometimes (S)
2 1.50-2.49 Rarely (R)
1 1.00-1.49 Never (N)
1.2 Validation. After the questionnaire is formed, it is validated by the research
adviser before the actual distribution. The purpose of the validation is to make
sure that every item in the questionnaire is clear and properly to distributed.
Suggestions and recommendations were noted for the betterment of the
questionnaire to improve the result of the study.
1.3 Distribution. The researchers asked permission in messenger from the BSA
graduates to distribute the questionnaires through Google form in their free
time.
2. Interview. The researchers conducted a structured interview validated by the
research adviser to the BSA graduate to obtain information about their experience
and the challenges they encountered in seeking a job during a pandemic. Also, the
researchers asked how they cope with such difficulties.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers asked for the permission of BSA graduate students through
messenger. Since the researchers cannot obligates their respondents to meet with them
in person to prevent them from spending money and to reduce the chances of having a
disease because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The researchers gave a questionnaire that includes a variety of questions
about the certain topic of the impact of a pandemic on the employability of BSA
graduate students. The respondents answered the questions through Google form.
They only take 3 to 5 minutes to answer the questions. Respondents were given a
specific time to answer the questionnaires.
After the data gathering were completed, the data gathered were viewed as
confidential and will not share with other participants or individuals outside the
research project, these will be only used for the purpose of the study. The data is
being collected, tabulated, and computed using appropriate statistical tools.
Statistical Treatment Data
The data gathered were compiled sorted organized and tabulated. They are
subject to statistics treatment in order to answer the questions proposed in the study.
The statistical tools employed are the frequency distribution percentage.
1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution is an arrangement of the data which
shows the frequency of unemployed BSA graduates students. The percentage is used
to determine the proportion of each data by using the formula of Frequency and
Percentage Distribution (James, 2011).
% = (F/N) X 100
Whereas;
% = Percentage;
F = No. of Percentage
N = Total number of cases

Percentage and frequency distribution were used to show the distribution of
BSA graduate students’ employment status in a particular range.
2. Weighted Mean was used to measure the first part of the questionnaire to
determine the weight of responses according to the descriptive research problem
provided to the respondents in SOP2.
Weighted Mean Formula (James, 2014).

= Σwx/Σw
Whereas;
Σ = summation
w = the weights.
x = the value.
3. Chi-square is use to determine the significant relationship between the
impacts of a pandemic on the employability of graduates when sorted according to
profile.
Formula according to Cuemath, (n.d.).
χ2 = ∑(Oi – Ei)2
Ei
Whereas;
χ2 = chi squared
Oi = observed value (actual value)
Ei = expected value

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
This chapter covers the results and discussions of the data gathered in
accordance with the research problems. Tables were analyzed with the corresponding
interpretation of data in the context of the problem raised and the responses of BSA
graduates. The first and second part, which is based on the result of the survey, deals
with a quantitative analysis of data. The third part shows the relationship between
SOP1 and SOP2 while the fourth part is based on the result of the interview, and is a
qualitative interpretation. The latter part is the recommendation or career plan that
will help the respondents with the challenges they have encountered whilst pursuing a
job.
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 As to Age
Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents by Age
Age Frequency Percentage

20-23 85 83.33
24-26 16 15.6
27-30 1 0.98
Total 102 100%

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 66 64.71
Male 36 35.29
Total 102 100%
Table 1: It indicates the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents to
their different ages. It is shown in the table that the majority of the respondents ranges
from aged 20-23 with 85 out of 102 respondents (83.33%) followed by 24-26
respondents aged 16 out of 102 respondents (15.6%) and the least is the respondents
aged 27-30 with 1 out of 102 respondents (0.98%).
Conclusion
According to Andrew Hamada, (2020) the "right" age to graduate is not
matters beacause whatever age you are when you've fulfilled the requirements to
obtain your degree and even that is debatable. In the Philippines, most people are 18
when they begin college. Thus many graduates are at the age of 22 when they finish a
4-year program on time. Some programs actually require a 5th year (or 10 semesters'
worth of credits), so students are often older than 22 when they finish. The student
who is in their early 20s and has a large range of youngest accountants and 30s was
the oldest.
1.2. As to Gender
Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents by Gender
Frequency Percentage
Male 66 64.71%
Female 36 35.29%
Table 2: It presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by
their gender. It shows in the data that the majority of the respondents went to are
Female with 66 out of 102 respondents (64.71%) followed by Male which has
36 out of 102 respondents (35.29%).
Conclusion
According to Catalyst Incorporation, (2020), The Proportion of Women
Studying Accounting Worldwide Is Close to Parity1. The overall percentage of
women studying accounting worldwide was 49% in 2018, up from 48% in 2014.
Study shows that m of accountants are women.

1.3 As to Certificate earned related to course
Table 3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents by

Certificate earned related to the course
Certificate Frequency Percentage
None 11 10.78
1-3 30 29.41
4-6 19 18.63
7-9 14 13.73
10 and above 28 27.45
Total 102 100%
Table 3: It reveals the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by
Certificate earned related to the course. It shows in the data that the respondents that
did not earn a certificate or None are 11 out of 102 respondents (10.78%) followed by
the respondents who earn a 1-3 certificate which has 30 out of 102 respondents
(29.41%). Next are the respondents who earn a 4-6 certificate with 19 out of 102
respondents (18.63%). Next are the respondents who earn 7-9 certificates with 14 out
of 102 respondents (13.73%). At last, is 10 and above with 28 out of 102 respondents
(27.45%).
Conclusion
A study was conducted by El-Boghdadi, H., Noor, F. and Mahmoud, M., (2021)
entitled, “The appearance of COVID-19 virus has affected many aspects of life”.
They said that the students are expected to graduate during the next few semesters
with certificates that include some online-completed courses and their graduation
certificates are called mixed certificates. Their study covers how different companies,
organizations, and even governmental entities would accept such certificates when
hiring. They also include the perception of the job market for such certificates for
different learning fields.
For Pearson Education Incorporation, (2022) certification can improve
academic performance because it can be the key to validating your knowledge and
can enhance academic performance. It can also reduce dropout rates: 0.2% vs 1.0%.
Therefore with or without a certificate earned employability of the graduates was not
affected at all or affected.
Certificates are important because certification is a credential that you earn to
show that you have specific skills or knowledge. They are usually tied to an
occupation, technology, or industry.
1.4 As to Status of Employment
Table 4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

by Status of Employment
Status Frequency Percentage
Employed 98 96.08
Unemployed 4 8.92
Totals 102 100%
Table 4: It shows the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by
Status of employment. It shows in the data that the respondents who are Employed
are 98 out of 102 respondents (96.98%) followed by the respondents who are
Unemployed which have 4 out of 102 respondents (8.92%).
Conclusion
“Employment outcomes three years after graduating have remained relatively
stable over many years” (Jackson, C., 2021). Despite the impact of COVID-19, the
graduate employment market remains strong with 88.9 per cent of graduates in full-
time work three years after completing their studies. More than three-quarters of
graduates in employment three years out were working in professional or managerial
jobs. “Graduates continue to enjoy a strong employment advantage as a result of their
university education, despite facing a COVID-19 recession and a weakening labor
market” (Jackson, n.d.). While the pandemic’s effect on the economy dampened
graduates’ immediate employment outcomes last year, medium-term results have held
up well. The full-time employment rate three years out from graduation was 88.9
percent, while the corresponding figure in 2020 was 90.1 percent (Universities
Australia, 2021).
2. Impact of Pandemic on the Employability of the BSA Graduates
2.1 Social Skills
Table 5
Weighted Mean of Impact of Pandemic on the Employability of the BSA

Graduates in terms of Social Skills
Weighted Verbal
Social Skills Rank
Mean Interpretation
1. A listener 2.97 AGREE 4
2. Communication 3 AGREE 3
3. Camaraderie 3.12 AGREE 1
4. Social Awareness 3.04 AGREE 2
5. Adapting Distraction 2.93 AGREE 5
Grand Weighted Mean 3.01
Table 5: It shows the Effects of the Pandemic on the BSA Graduates in terms of
Social Skills. As data reveals, respondents agree that those skills affect them during
those times with a Grand Weighted Mean of 3.01. It is definite that item number 3,
Camaraderie ranked first with a Weighted Mean of 3.12. Item 4, Social Awareness
placed second with a Weighted Mean of 3.04. While Adapting Distraction item 5 was
the least in the rank with a Weighted Mean of 2.93. Results point out that respondents
agree that camaraderie or a spirit of friend good fellowship was affected because of
the Pandemic.
According to Dagalev D., Mitevska K., and Gijovska V., (2020), coronavirus
has significantly changed the course of (almost) all activities of public life. It’s had a
profound impact on socialization - how we go about our usual daily communication,

socializing, playing, learning, how we interact with each other, and learn to behave in
a way that is acceptable to society. The word socializing has gained new forms of
practice and with-it new challenges and difficulties.
In addition to that, in the study conducted by Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD, 2019). The COVID-19 health crisis is an
unprecedented shock that is transforming the lives and livelihoods of individuals
around the globe. The combination of fear of infection, public guidelines, and great
uncertainty produced a sharp contraction in economic activity and disrupted global
value chains with a deep and widespread shock to the labor market. In addition, state-
imposed lockdowns and firms closures have had very significant impacts, with
millions of workers across many countries experiencing a reduction in, or the
complete loss of, their livelihoods. As industries were forced to cease operations in
order to protect the health of workers and promote compliance with mitigation and
containment policies. Many workers were able to continue working through remote
working arrangements. For example, according to real-time survey data, by mid-
April, a large share of workers – from 29% in Canada to 60% in New Zealand --
shifted to working from home (Foucault and Galasso).
Moreover, accountants must communicate with many people, including both
internal and external stakeholders. Internal colleagues may include an accountant’s
employees or management personnel. They may also be colleagues from other
departments who need accounting advice on topics such as insurance or marketing.

It explains that because of the Pandemic people were forced to distance
themselves from others to avoid the risk of getting infected by the spread of the virus.
It affects their skills to socialize with regards to maintaining a good relationship with
others. At last, face-to-face communication is very different from virtual, since there
are many hindrances in the latter one that can affect the flow of the conversation.
2.2 Technical Skills
Table 6
Weighted Mean of Impact of Pandemic to the Employability of the

BSA Graduates in terms of Technical Skills
Weighted Verbal
Technical Skills Rank
Mean Interpretation
1. Computer skills 2.59 AGREE 4
2. Creativity 2.71 AGREE 2
3. Accuracy in preparation of
2.47 DISAGREE 5
Financial Statements
4. Data Management 2.62 AGREE 3
5. Timely knowledge of the latest
2.79 AGREE 1
accounting trends
Table 6: It reflects the respondent’s assessment of their Technical Skills that
were affected by the Pandemic. Results show that the Grand Weighted Mean is 2.64.
It can be gleaned that respondents agree that Timely Knowledge of the latest
accounting trends or Learning new ideas to master the particular field was afflicted as
it comes top with a 2.79 Weighted Mean. Whereas they disagree that Accuracy in
preparation of Financial Statements was affected at all as it is the lowest in rank with
a 2.47 Weighted Mean.

As asserted in the study of Alshurafat, H., et al., (2021). Online learning
systems in developing countries such as Jordan face many challenges. Universities
worldwide have dealt with obstacles in terms of continuing face-to-face education.
An online learning system is an indispensable solution for all universities. However,
students have not been adequately prepared to use online learning systems. This study
examines the factors that impact the use of online learning systems by accounting
students in Jordanian public universities. In the same study, they also said that
delivering knowledge content and assessing students’ performance through an online
learning system are complicated processes, particularly when instructors and students
are not prepared (Aisbitt &Sangster, 2005; Barnard-Brak et al., 2010; Litherland et
al., 2013). Despite the benefits of online learning systems, Means et al. (2009) argue
that these systems are considered less productive at traditional colleges and
universities.
What’s more, the pandemic canceled exams and revoked internships are the
concerns that the accountants of the future are being left behind. The up-and-coming
accountancy talent runs the risk of being left behind as universities cancel classes and
firms re-evaluate 2020 internships (Moyer, 2020).
Furthermore, (FEB UGM, 2020) said that the practice and profession in the
world of work will always be faster than what is taught in the classroom. He added
that currently accounting education is mostly still focused on preparing careers for
public accounting or auditing, even though the contemporary business and
organizational environment requires broader expertise and competence for

accountants. "It would not be right if the current changes only focus on accounting
competencies, a person with an accounting background must have other competencies
that support his competence, to support his profession,” he said.
To construe, because of the Pandemic, schools and universities were obliged to
close in order to reduce the prevalence of the virus. The unexpected closure of
schools has affected student learning because both schools and students were not
ready for the sudden online class.
2.3 Competition
Table 7
Weighted Mean of Impact of Pandemic to the Employability of the

BSA Graduates in terms of Competition
Weighted Verbal
Competition Rank
Mean Interpretation
1. Does experience matter when
3.24 AGREE 3
you're looking for a job?
2. Is school/university a factor to
2.46 DISAGREE 5
get a job?
3. Is achievements vital to be
3.13 AGREE 4
employed?
4. Do professional qualities matter STRONGLY
3.71 1
to be employed? AGREE
5. Does becoming a CPA provides STRONGLY
3.66 2
a job search advantage? AGREE
Table 7: This illustrates the competition that was happening amidst the
Pandemic whilst searching for a job. As shown above, Grand Weighted Mean is 3.24.
It is clear that item 4, was leading with a Weighted Mean of 3.71 on the other hand
item 3, was last in rank with a Weighted Mean of 2.46. Respondents strongly agree
that Professional Qualities matter to be employed and CPA provides a job search
advantage. On the contrary, they disagree that school is one of the factors to get a job.
According to IET (2021), in a competitive job market, people need the right
combination of education, experience, and skills to stand out among other candidates.
Learning about different strategies for standing out from the competition can go a
long way toward finding the perfect job.
Besides, finding a job is not easy, especially in times of economic turmoil
(Habitat for Humanity, 2020). Applicants often need to compete with hundreds of
other candidates for a vacant position. In addition, the lower the education level, the
greater the number of people applying for the same low-paying entry-level post.
However, with the right qualifications and educational background, it is said in the
blog that job seekers will increase their chances of landing a fulfilling job (Habitat for
Humanity, 2020).
In addition to the data of Billie J (2018), qualifications include the education,
experience, skills, and personal qualities you bring to the table. Examples of
qualifications include a college degree, license, excellent communication skills,
ability to live 50 pounds, attention to detail, commitment to diversity, dependability,
and a positive attitude.
Further, as stated in MindTools (n.d.), professionalism is a powerful quality. It
allows you to fulfill your role to the best of your ability. It helps you to impress and
inspire others. And it gives you a deep sense of satisfaction and self-worth.
Furthermore, professionalism involves consistently achieving high standards, both in
the work you do and the way you behave. They also professed the eight-core
characteristics of professionalism as Competence, Knowledge, Conscientiousness,
Integrity, Respect, Emotional Intelligence, Appropriateness, and Confidence.
Conclusion
In conclusion, whether or not there were a pandemic, experience and
achievements matters when looking for a job. What's more is, being a CPA and
having Professional Qualities will give you the advantage to get a job. On top of that,
it depends on the companies if they will evaluate the applicants where they attended
college because it matters when they come to top-level schools.
Some employers have a name-recognition bias, but it will matter less when it
comes to jobs that require more experience, references, and reputation. Attending a
well-known college or university can give a short-term boost, but after that, people
tend to track their abilities and discipline since other companies are more focused on
personalities and skills. It also depends on what the seeker has done and accomplished
since graduation.
3.Test of significant relationship between the impacts of the pandemic to
the employability of graduates when sorted to profile
Table 8
PROFILE PEARSO
P- INTERPRETA
CHARACT VARIABLE N CHI
VALUE TION
ER
SOCIAL NOT
1.461 0.834
SKILLS SIGNIFICANT
AGE TECHNICAL NOT
1.976 0.74
SKILLS SIGNIFICANT
COMPETITIO NOT
5.331 0.952
N SIGNIFICANT
Relationship of Age Employability of Fresh BSA Graduates
Table 8 : It shows in this study, there is no significant relationship in age
between three variables of the relationship between the impacts of the pandemic on
the employability of BSA graduates.
Conclusion
According to J Phys Ther Sci., (2015) The International Labor Organization
(ILO) has estimated that by the year 2025, the proportion of individuals over the age
of 55 will be 32% in Europe, 30% in North America, 21% in Asia, and 17% in Latin
America. The Republic of Korea in particular is already experiencing this aging of its
population; in 2010, individuals aged 65 and older accounted for 11.3% of the total
population. In 2018, the nation is expected to become an aged society, with the
elderly making up 14.3% of the population, and in 2016, the nation is projected to
enter the class of a super-aged society, with the elderly population at 20.8%. This
trend is predicted to continue, and the elderly population is expected to comprise
24.3% of the total in 2030 and 40.1% in 2060. As a result of the aging population in
the Republic of Korea, the economic participation rate of aging workers, who have
been defined by the World Health Organization as those aged 45 or older, increased
by an average of 47% from 1998 to 2007. Even more dramatically, the participation
rate of the elderly, defined by the Welfare of the Aged Act as those 65 or older,
increased to about 82% within this time. As workers age, their physical and mental
abilities tend to decline, and, accordingly, the occurrence of accidents and diseases
among workers increases as they age. Therefore, workability evaluations and the
systematic management of elderly workers are necessary. The term workability has
been used since the 1980s, beginning with several research and praxis-oriented
projects completed in Finland.
Table 9
Relationship of Gender Employability of Fresh BSA Graduates
PROFILE
PEARSO P- INTERPRETA
CHARACT VARIABLES
N CHI VALUE TION
ER
SOCIAL NOT
12.854 0.968
SKILLS SIGNIFICANT
GENDER TECHNICAL NOT
20.278 0.681
SKILLS SIGNIFICANT
COMPETITIO
39.223 0.000 SIGNIFICANT
N
Table 9, indicates that in this study, there is no significant relationship in gender
between social skills and technical skills, but there is a significant relationship
between gender and competition.
According to Dr. Eddie S. See, (2018) this study found out that gender among
the graduates of Bicol University seems to have a bearing on the course they took in
college, their present employment, and their present occupation. Males still crowd the
engineering, technology, agriculture, and criminology associated courses but the
females dominate almost all the rest of the courses. Males take up the executive
positions in government and special interest organizations and machine operations
tasks jobs while females predominate in almost all other jobs, especially professional
careers These findings suggest the reasonability of pursuing further studies that could
test the hypothesis that a significant association exists between gender and the
variables mentioned. On the other hand, sex appears not to have an influence on the
honors they received in college, the reason for taking the college course, their present
professional skills, their place of work, the relation of the college course to their first
job, the length of time in finding a job and the job level.
This study is attached to two theories- one is Kotter’s (2004) “There are vast
differences in women’s and men’s access to and opportunities to exert power over
economic structures in society” and, two, “Gender discrimination across the board
exists in terms of education, hiring and compensation, promotion, mobility and
inadequate sharing of family responsibilities” (Kotter, 2004).

Table 10
Relationship of Certificate Earned Employability of

Fresh BSA Graduates
PROFILE
VARIABLE PEARS P- INTERPRETA
CHARACT
S ON CHI VALUE TION
ER
SOCIAL NOT
7.888 0.246
SKILLS SIGNIFICANT
CERTIFIC
ATE TECHNICA
26.915 0.001 SIGNIFICANT
EARNED L SKILLS
COMPETITI NOT
9.185 0.134
ON SIGNIFICANT
Table 10: It presents that in this study, there is no significant relationship in
having a certificate earned between social skills and competition, but there is a
significant relationship between having a certificate earned and technical skills.
According to J Branka., (2016) Matching of jobs and skills is the most
important issue for employers and individuals - and it is also one of the public
sector’s key priorities. Tools must therefore be developed and duly applied to
measure the level of skills mismatch and to identify critical areas for interventions. A
solid partnership amongst different stakeholders in skills development is necessary,
particularly with the business sector and employers’ representatives. Employers and
training providers mostly articulate their short-term needs. This reflects the reality of
labor and training markets: most employers and training providers simply do not plan
for the long term; the immediate or short-term benefits of skills recognition (1-2 years
maximum) are their key interests. Governments must respond to today’s pressing
needs of the labor market and society, help to address the employers’ skills gaps,
reduce unemployment, and improve the occupational safety and social protection of
workers.
Table 11
Relationship of Status Employment on Employability of

Fresh BSA Graduates
PROFILE
VARIABL PEARSON P- INTERPRETA
CHARACT
ES CHI VALUE TION
ER
NOT
SOCIAL
1.157 0.561 SIGNIFICAN
SKILLS
T
STATUS OF NOT
EMPLOYM TECHNICAL
ENT SKILLS
T
NOT
COMPETITIO
N
T
Table 11: It reveals that in this study, there is no significant relationship in the
status of employment between three variables of the relationship between the impact
of the pandemic and the employability of BSA graduates.
According to RB hill., (2005) although there have been numerous changes
within the workplace during the past century, employers continue to search for
employees with a strong work ethic. Employers often cite a strong work ethic as the
most desired characteristic in a new employee (Denka, 1994; Hill & Petty, 1995;
Young, 1986). Work ethic can be described as a set of characteristics and attitudes in
which an individual worker assigns importance and merit to work. Those with a
strong work ethic place a positive value on doing a good job and describe work as
having an intrinsic value of its own (Cherrington, 1980; Yankelovich & Immerwahr,
1984). Employers seek employees who are dependable, have good interpersonal
skills, and demonstrate initiative. Prior research has associated these characteristics
with a high level of work ethic (Hill & Petty). Employers value a strong work ethic
because of the economic benefits it provides to businesses (Ali & Falcone, 1995).
Businesses with employees who are committed to work have a market advantage.
Furthermore, when a new hire does not have sufficient commitment to work and lacks
dependability, interpersonal skills, or initiative the organization is at risk of losing
productivity and profits.
4. Challenges Encountered in Job Searching during Pandemic
To supplement the results and fill the gaps left in the questionnaire, the
qualitative approach was used. This looks more likely to give substance and reveal
detailed information. This is concerned with trying to achieve a clear understanding
of the problem under study. This reflects the result of the interview conducted by
BSA Graduated students respondents interpreted and analyzed qualitatively. The
topics covered in the interview were based on the quantitative questionnaire to
reinforce, contradict or expand on the findings of the questionnaire.
Interview using a structured questionnaire:

In what way do you think learning competencies in the new normal affect
our employability?
During the interview, Matt from Boni Campus remarked,
“I think that it’s the shift of the world to modernization or digitalization. Each
one is fond of using technology, especially nowadays that other companies offer work
from home setup and it’s a skill that one must have since every company uses
technology for its everyday transaction.”
Jessa and Carl also said,
“Being tech-savvy is very important to adapt from a work-from-home set-
up.”
“New normal requires technical competence. I must adapt to the system of
communicating with my workmates remotely and understanding things in an online
manner.”
Another student said,“You need to have more advanced technical skills,
espec ially in Excel which was not taught during the undergrad. Now that we are in a
pandemic, almost all companies prefer that their financial information be stored
online., So you need to learn how to use some important tools like google sheets,
Microsoft, outlook, and the like.”
“It is more challenging, and a strong secure internet is required especially for
those with Work from the home set-up. I think there could be more to be learned as a
Fresh graduate if there is no Pandemic.”

According to Haley (2019), Technical skills are the expertise and competence
required to perform specific digital or physical tasks. No matter what industry you or
your employees are in, knowledge of some technical skills will be required to fulfill
day-to-day performance.
Politico Magazine (2020) stated that the new normal comes to ensure the
community and organizations’ rapid response and efficient adaptation to change. This
would ensure that the world would be more ready for its emergence with a stronger
position after each shock, crisis, or global challenge.
According to former students of RTU,
“Since we have limited social interaction, our growth in terms of learning is
also limited. “
“Communication in a way that you can't learn more ideas and share your
inputs efficiently to your colleagues”
“For me, the most challenging part in this new normal set-up would be
communication. The lack of interaction and exposure to people affects the
development of my communication skills. There is an advantage to this as well. I
get to adapt and adjust on how to deliver information despite the pandemic is still
around.”
As cited in Kidsense (n.d.), Social skills are the skills used every day to interact
and communicate with others. They include verbal and non-verbal communication,
such as speech, gesture, facial expression, and body language.
According to UND (n.d), a common misconception is that accountants are often
introverts who prefer to work in isolation. Accountants are essential, active members
of corporate teams, and as such, they must constantly interact and communicate with
people. They need to work with others. Collaboration is important to enabling people
and groups to work together to achieve common goals and achieve mutual benefits.
Through collaboration, participants can exchange valuable information that helps
both sides improve their knowledge base and work efficiently in terms of time and
resources.
Judy Ann said, “Experience.”
Also, Rhema and Joyce say that
“You have an advantage if you have something you can offer to the
company. For example, you are knowledgeable in Microsoft Excel and QuickBooks.
Competencies can be acquired through what you already know and what you will
experience. If you are a problem solver, good in communication, and literate in
computer programs, you will be chosen for sure because they will feel you can easily
adjust to the new normal.”

“Learning in times of pandemic is very challenging especially if one does not
have a resource like the others. No gadgets to use to attend meetings and live lectures.
It is also prone to lower quality of education, and it does matter to employability
because employers expect so much from fresh graduates. They expect fresh
knowledge and ideas to help them also innovate. So being competent in the course
you graduated from is the greatest asset one can offer to the employers out there.
“The more skills, knowledge, and experience you have particularly in your
career you will get a chance to stand out among other applicants.”
According to IET (2021), competition is a rivalry where two or more parties
strive for a common goal that cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss. In
a competitive job market, people need the right combination of education, experience,
and skills to stand out among other candidates. Learning about different strategies for
standing out from the competition can go a long way toward finding the perfect job.
According to Tan and Pierce (2019), college graduates seemed to be able to
easily get their dream job after graduating. Companies are open to new graduates
shortly after graduating from college. Even with a bachelor's degree, college
graduates gain better bargaining power and stand out from their peers without a
formal education. But that was many years ago. Today, the labor market is much
more competitive. If you are a recent graduate or final-year student, stepping into the
world of work can be intimidating and challenging at the same time. Some graduates
tend to be skeptical because their employers do not want to hire inexperienced people.
Considering that you graduated during the pandemic, what are the
challenges you encounter in job hunting?
Most, if not all of the respondents pointed out that finding a job during a
pandemic is difficult and challenging.
Respondents revealed, “Competition with other job hunters. Most employers,
who are looking for fresh graduates, look to the experiences and educational
achievements of the job hunters for hiring decisions”
“The qualifications of the company with regards to employment experience.
Since companies tend to lay off and hire more experienced staff that can do multiple
or all-around accounting tasks.”
“Pressure because of slower hiring than normal”
Some respondents answered,
“The remote job interview and since most of the SMEs are closed due to
pandemic, limited jobs are being offered.”
“The major challenge I encountered during the pandemic was the competition
during the interview since most of the companies are either filing bankruptcy or
retrenching their employees. HR prefers to hire experienced applicants due to
their fruitful experience rather than a fresh graduate.”
“Accounting job is not readily available for inexperienced fresh graduates”
According to Habitat for Humanity (2020), Finding a job is not easy, especially
in times of economic turmoil. Applicants often need to compete with hundreds of
other candidates for a vacant position. In addition, the lower the education level, the
greater the number of people applying for the same low-paying entry-level post.
However, with the right qualifications and educational background, it is said in the
blog that job seekers will increase their chances of landing a fulfilling job.
Graduating during lockdown finding a job would be challenging, said Fraser
(n.d). She expressed her frustration to the employer who asked them for one to two
years of experience. She said that “This was something neither her, nor most
graduates, would be able to accept.” She also talked about graduates currently looking
for work. She also shared that some of her friends from University that have just
graduated with first-class undergraduate degrees and first-class master’s and yet still
cannot find work” (Lane, C., 2021).
But in some students like Abby and Vince,
“This became one of the advantages for me to get hired. The new normal also
helped expand my skills or competencies because lots of seminars and training were
done virtually.”
“Although I am a Fresh Graduate of BS in Accountancy, Thanks to God I got a
job immediately, the problem is, the salary is lower than expected but also, I think
that is normal. Just make sure that you please every interviewer and do all your best
to get the job.”
According to Stuart (2021), this disruption has led to real and ongoing
challenges for graduates and the profession, but the positives give us reasons for
optimism. We saw many students who used the challenges of the pandemic to find
opportunities, reset expectations, and further develop their evolving skill sets. The
pandemic imposed enormously difficult conditions on recent graduates.
5. Proposed Career Plan
The results of the study were analyzed and a proposed career plan was
suggested based on the outcome in the skills and demographic profile under the study.
Table 12
Proposed Career Plan
Demographic
Skills Suggested Career Plan
Profile
Gender Competition Strengthen your résumé.
● The word résumé derives

from French and means a
"summary." It details your
qualifications, skills, and
achievements. A résumé is an
advertisement. It tells about
you, your abilities, and
competence, and it focuses on

the benefits you have to offer.
Applicants should concentrate

on improving their CVs or résumés
to increase their chances of landing
a job. One of their top concerns,
especially for males, should be to
improve their résumé, as most
accountants are female.
When preparing your résumé,

make sure to emphasize the
advantages of the employer, not
just your expertise.
Since everything is now

available on the internet, job
seekers should research how to
write a preeminent résumé. Be sure
to come up with an outstanding
template.
Meliorate your skills.
● Meliorate means, the act, or

an instance of improving or
the state of being improved.
Skills can expand your

professional competency and allow
you to perform your job well.
Improving your skills may advance
your career and increase your
employment opportunities.
Accounting skills are part of

hard skills or technical skills, so
researchers encourage BSA

students or accountants to take their
time to practice, learn new things,
understand, and master it. Make
sure to join a reputable company
and to take advantage of corporate
training, such as taking a job
shadowing (this is a great way to
learn more about the day-to-day
responsibilities of another career
and learn new skills.)
Prepare for your interview
● Interview refers to a formal,

In-depth conversation
between two or more
persons, wherein the
exchange of information
takes place with a view of
checking a candidate’s
acceptability for the job.
One of the best ways to stand

out from other candidates is to
make sure that the applicants are
fully prepared for your interview
and can walk into the room with
confidence. Research the company
as well as the position they are
applying to. Prepare a list of
thoughtful questions to ask the
interviewer so be ready when they
ask a question at the end of the
interview.
The applicant’s résumé has

already demonstrated that they
have the educational background

and experience necessary for the
job. Instead of worrying about what
exactly the interviewer wants to
hear, prepare several stories and
specific examples, brush up on
some accounting knowledge and
enter the interview knowing that
you have what it takes. An
interview is ultimately a chance to
a vital step to obtaining a career
position and often depends on your
skills in marketing your potential.
Patience
● Interview refers to a formal,

In-depth conversation
between two or more
persons, wherein the
exchange of information
takes place with a view of
checking a candidate’s
acceptability for the job
One of the best ways to stand

out from other candidates is to
make sure that the applicants are
fully prepared for your interview
and can walk into the room with
confidence. Research the company
as well as the position they are
applying to. Prepare a list of
thoughtful questions to ask the
interviewer so be ready when they
ask a question at the end of the
interview.
The applicant’s résumé has

already demonstrated that they
have the educational background
and experience necessary for the
job. Instead of worrying about what
exactly the interviewer wants to
hear, prepare several stories and
specific examples, brush up on
some accounting knowledge and
enter the interview knowing that
you have what it takes. An
interview is ultimately a chance to
a vital step to obtaining a career
position and often depends on your
skills in marketing your potential.
Certificate Earned Technical Webinar/Training Portal that is

Skills convenient for you
● A webinar is an online
event that is hosted by an
organization/company and
broadcast to a select group
of individuals through their
computers via the Internet.
(A webinar is sometimes
also referred to as a
“webcast”, “online event”
or “web seminar”.)
People are already living in

a modern and high-tech generation
so people should adjust to being
techy savvy by attending seminars
or webinars to enhance their ability
in many ways. Online learning has
become the new norm, as it lets
you adapt to your own timing and
convenience. It also allows you to
learn from anywhere and at any

time. And now that the coronavirus
has made us lock ourselves in our
homes, online learning has become
more critical than ever.
The more webinars or

certificates earned the more
experience gained. It could also
affect your employability by
adding it to your credentials.
Certifications show your coworkers
and higher-ups that you're
committed to the job, have special
skills and are willing to keep
learning to stay on top of your
game.
Table 12: It presents the proposed career plan constructed by the researchers in
relation to the conclusion gathered from the study.
This table was divided into two parts which suggest and recommend giving
support or advice to new graduates student that seeks a job during the pandemic. In
addition to giving them an advantage in their job search, these employability skills
may also position them for higher-earning roles with greater growth potential.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter summarizes the study on the impact of employability during a
pandemic. It presents the results of quantitative and qualitative data analysis to come
up with the findings and the conclusion drawn from the research It serves as the
strong basis for the recommendation.
Summary of Findings
Based on the research conducted the following findings were specified as
follows :
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Age
The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were aged 20-23. In the
Philippines, the most common age of people when they finish their 4 years degree is
22, although some of them have 5 years, so in a few cases, they are often older than
22 when they graduate.
1.2. Gender
It is evident that most of the respondents were Female followed by Male. The
study shows that accountants are usually women.
1.3 Certificate earned related to course
The majority of the respondents were earned 1-3 certificates, followed by 4-6
certificates, and 7 to 9 certificates, while a few of them received no certificates.

Earning a certificate is important as it is the credential that shows that people have
specific skills or knowledge.
1.4 Status of Employment
Apparently, a larger number of the respondent’s status of employment is
employed. Despite the harm of Covid 19, graduates managed to get a job. Although
few of them failed to do so.
2. Impact of Pandemic on the Employability of the BSA Graduates
2.1 Social Skills
The data shows that respondents agreed that their social skills were affected
during the pandemic. Because of the pandemic, people started to distance themselves
from others in fear of getting sick. So their skills to socialize with others were
affected.
2.2 Technical Skills
On account of the Pandemic, students were forced to study online to deter the
circulation of the virus. Respondents agreed that because of the sudden online class,
their study and learning were afflicted as they and the school were both not ready.
However, respondents disagreed that accuracy in the preparation of financial
statements was affected.
2.3 Competition
Whether or not there was a pandemic, competition matters in finding a job.
Respondents strongly agree that Professional Qualities matter to being employed and
that becoming a CPA provides a job search advantage. However, they disagree that
school is a factor in getting a job.
3. Test of significant relationship between the impacts of the pandemic on the
employability of graduates when sorted to profile
The respondent shows that there is a significant relationship between pandemics
to the employability of fresh graduates when sorted by profile. Gender among
graduates seems to have a bearing on their employment. During pandemic certificates
earned are an important asset for employers and fresh graduates.
4. Challenges Encountered in Job Searching during Pandemic
Most of the respondents pointed out that finding a job during a pandemic is
difficult and challenging because you need to be tech-savvy for the new normal
requires technical competency. The lack of interaction and exposure to people affects
the development of their communication skills and lastly, most companies during a
pandemic are either filing bankruptcy or retrenching their employees.
5. Proposed Career Plan
The career plan suggested in this study is to strengthen your resume, improve
your skills, and prepare for your interview.

Based on the foregoing findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. At the age of 20-23 respondents finished their degree. And a greater number
of women have become accountants. Earning a certificate is important to gain
knowledge. Lastly, most of the respondents successfully got a job, but few of them
failed to do so.
2. In general, due to the Pandemic, graduates struggle to find a job. Their social
skills were affected as they only had their classes virtually which led their skills to be
limited.
3. Gender and competition have a significant relationship to the employability
of fresh graduates. Certificates earned also has a significant relationship to the
employability of fresh graduates.
4. Challenges encountered by Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA)
graduate students in finding a job during a pandemic are competitive and unique,
among other applicants.
5. The suggested career plan for this study is to have better or stronger skills in
order to be prepared in seeking a job.

Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are
hereby represented.
Respondents
1. It must continue to search for a job until they find one. While searching for a
job, graduates should learn new skills and some knowledge that would be more
helpful for them when they seek a job.
BSA Graduates
1. BSA graduates and students must improve their learnings even more as they
study online. Graduates should conduct a skills plan and choose the skills they want
to develop. If possible get a mentor or coach or at least explore the internet, since
everything now can be found on the internet, use this tool to learn skills. They should
commit themselves, always study and practice. At last, graduates must also strengthen
their resumes to increase their chances of landing a job. Also, they must prepare well
for the interview and advertise themselves in a favorable manner.
3. BSA graduates should have more certifications or credentials when seeking a
job because it has a big impact on getting a job during a pandemic. In addition, male
BSA fresh graduates should be more competitive in seeking for a job during the
pandemic, because, according to our respondents, more female graduates have been
hired or have a job during the pandemic.

4. BSA graduates during a pandemic should improve their skills because
improving their skills may advance their careers and increase their employment
opportunities.
5. Fresh BSA graduates must have good skills in seeking a job during a
pandemic. Being prepared mentally and physically is a must in order to have a job in
a pandemic.
APPENDICES
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index.html
APPENDIX A: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

IMPACT OF PANDEMIC TO THE EMPLOYABILITY OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY GRADUATES OF
NORTH EASTHERN UNIVERSITY SY 2020 – 2021
DIRECTION: Kindly put a check (✓) on the space that correspond your answer.
Name of the Respondent (optional) _______________________
PART I: Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Age
20-23 27-30
24-26 31 and above
1.2 Gender
Male Female
1.3 Certificate earned /Seminars attended related to course
None 1-3 4-6
7-9 10 and above
1.4 Status of Employment
Employed Self-employed Unemployed

PART II: Effect of Pandemic to the Employment
Direction: Put a check (✓) on the box that correspond your answer.
Verbal Interpretation
4- Always 2- Rarely
3- Sometimes 1- Never
SOCIAL SKILLS 4 3 2 1
Does the pandemic affect your employability to socialize such as
1. A listener (the ability to pay
close attention to a person who is
communicating with you)
2. Communication (The ability to
communicate effectively with
others is a core social skill)
3. Camaraderie (ability to maintain
healthy relationships and build
key connections)
4. Social Awareness (Being aware
of others' reactions and able to
respond in an understanding
manner)
5. Adapting Distraction (Ability to
focus on one thing)
TECHNICAL SKILLS 4 3 2 1
Does the pandemic affect your employability in terms of technical skills with
regards of the following skills
1. Computer skills (Ability to use
Excel efficiently )
2. Creativity (Ability to develop
new insights or fresh ideas as to
how the organization can ensure
continuity of service to clients
and improve compliance
procedures or address a host of
other issues.)
3. Accuracy in preparation of
Financial Statements.
4. Data Management (The ability
to help company manage and
employ said data to its

advantage)
5. Timely knowledge in latest
accounting trends (Learning new
ideas to master more the
particular field)
COMPETITION 4 3 2 1
While searching for a job amidts Pandemic:
1. Does experience matter in a job
hunt.
2. Is school/university a factor to
get a job?
3. Is achievements vital to be
employed?
4. Do professional qualities matter
to be employed?.
5. Does becoming a CPA provides
a job search advantage?
Interview Guide on Challenges Encountered in Seeking a Job during Pandemic
1. In what way do you think learning competencies in the new normal affect your
employability?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. What is the most imConsidering that you graduated under pandemic situation,
what are the challenges you encountered during job hunting?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. Considering that you graduated under pandemic situation, what are the challenges
you encountered during job hunting?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
CURRICULUM VITAE
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TECHNOLOGY

IMPACT OF COVID -19 PANDEMIC ON THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

IN ACCOUNTANCY GRADUATES GRADUATES FOR THE SCHOOL

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Masters of Business Administration

Attach here your data……………………………?

CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR

Attach here your data……………………………?

Attach here your data……………………………?

Phillipines brought to us so much intensity to all people specifically the rate of

employability. Majority of the company experiences economic downturn and

Is there any significant relationship between the impacts of a pandemic on the

employability of graduates when sorted according to profile?,4 th What are the

problems encountered by BSA graduates in terms of seeking jobs during a

outcome of the study?

and online platform to easily disseminate the questionaires from the

Frequency distribution by the gender…………………………………….49

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

pandemic caused micro and macro levels of challenges.

including higher education. According to Barzilay (2020), “this year’s graduating

fewer companies are looking to hire,” according to (Shin, 2020).

In response to COVID-19, many companies suffered and most of them shut

“Nothing is deterministic,” he said, explaining that heightened mobility between jobs

could actually work to graduates’ advantage (Schwandt, 2020). It's important to

continue researching and applying.

19 pandemic on Bachelor of Science in Accountancy Graduates for the School Year

private organizations for students' industrial training or internship as part of the

or even be absorbed after internship.

Few studies highlighted Covid-19 in relation to educational studies. Covid-

19 have a profound impact on the employment industries. Recently, the employment

of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy graduates of North Easthern University

of Science in Accountancy graduates of Rizal Technological University School Year

The theory of Employment is a theory about the decisions of employers to hire

demand. The neoclassical theory applies standard demand-and-supply analysis to

labor markets and treats unemployment as a disequilibrium phenomenon that arises

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Academic Performance. “Covid-19 pandemic has

lead to higher economical, medical, and social implications on both undergraduate

and postgraduate communities.”

uncertain future. According to their studies, “Due to the pandemic, millions of

transform the benefit of businesses, government, and society. It is also a critical

fresh graduates. As the economic impact of the pandemic is becoming clearer,

professional workplace for them.

basis for the development of the study’s conceptual model.

The paradigm illustrates the input-process-output (IPO) model. According to

Galfarsoro F., (2020), the input-process-output model is used by the researchers to

the output expected by the researchers. It is a process viewed as a series of boxes

comes out is the output.

In this study, research paradigm shows the interplay of the independent

variables which composed of the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

pandemics on employment in terms of social skills, technical skills, and competition

as a new graduate student. Data gathering through survey questionnaires and

and recommendations for the challenges encountered by BSA students in seeking a

job during a Pandemic.

1.1. Age Data gathering through

2. Effect of Pandemic to the

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

Impact Pandemic to the Employability of BSA Graduates of North Easthern

Statement of the Problem

As the Philippines is still in the midst of a Pandemic outbreaks it brings a huge

bankruptcy. The researchers aim to know the impact of employment during a

pandemic on BSA Graduates of North Easthern University Academic Year 2019 -

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of: