Java

2004 , markos@debian.org
: GNU FDL

1. Java
Java (object oriented)
.
1991 Sun Microsystems

.
C++ -
.
Java

Java
Java (
) .
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
.
(.. C, C++, PASCAL)

. ,
.

,
Windows Macintosh. ,
(source code)
.
, Java
, bytecode.
, .
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Java bytecode. JVM

bytecode (java bytecode to
native code translation, ).
Java, Java
(.. C++).
, Just In Time (JIT) compilers
scheduling JVM, Java
( Java 90%
C++),
.

Java


C++ Java.

(source code)

(source code)

C++ compiler

Java compiler

(Native code)

Java Bytecode

Java Virtual
Machine (JVM)

(CPU)

C++

Java

C++
. :
Java

C++

Java Bytecode

Native code

Portable

( JVM)

Java
Web, Applets
Web
(Procedural Structured
Programming)

C, PASCAL, FORTRAN
.
(code-centric ).

, .
(Object-Oriented Programming)

(C++, Eiffel, Smalltalk

Java) .
(data-centric)
.
Java


.

.

.

. , , , .
. .
/,

.
,
.
,
. ,
( ).

. ,
( .. , , ).
.
,
:

Encapsulation ()

.

Polymorphism ()

,
.

Inheritance ()

.
,
.

Java

2. Java
, Java
.
, , .

.

.
-' - .
:
type var;

type var .
Java
( ).

,
. ,
, loop for/while/do if/else/switch.
:
type var1;
if () {
// var1 ().
// var2 ().
type var2;
// var2 ()
}
// var1 ()
// var2 ()

Java C C++
( Java C++).
, C++
Java
.
Java pointers.

Java

 Java:

( bytes)

byte

-128 127

short

-32768 32767

int

-2147483648 -2147483647

long

-9223372036854775808 -9223372036854775807

float

1.4 * 10-45 3.4 * 1038

double

4.9 * 10-324 1.8 * 10308

bool

true / false

char

String

byte, short, int, long

, float, double (.
). bool true false.
char C/C++ 2 bytes
Unicode (UTF-16 ).
:
int an_integer;
an_integer = 10;
long a_long = an_integer *1000;
double verysmallnumber = 0.000000000003;
bool am_i_hungry = false;
char alpha = 'a';
String text = this is a text;

(constants)

, .
( ) final. ,
final double pi = 3.1415;

(operators)

.
. 4 Java (
, ).

Java

++

--

,
(
, ). :
int x = 10;
x++; // x 11
x--; // 10

==

!=

>

<

>=

<=

Java

&

AND ()

OR ()

XOR ( )

&&

Short-circuit AND

||

Short-circuit OR

NOT ()

& && ,

.
,
(alpha == true) & (beta == 1)

(alpha == true) .
&&, (false)
,
.
.

.
. :
int x = 4;
x = 10;
x += 20; ( x = x + 20, 30)
x /= 10; ( x = x / 10, 3).

Java

x += y

x = x + y

x -= y

x = x - y

x *= y

x = x * y

x /= y

x = x / y

x %= y

x = x % y

x &= y

x = x & y

x |= y

x = x | y

^=

x = x ^ y

 (Expressions)

, ,
.
Java (int, long, double, bool, )
String.
:
int b = 10, i;
i = 2*b*b; ( )
if (b * b <= 100 && i > 0)
System.out.println(The expression is true);

Java

3.

.

.
if

if
:
if ()
{
;
}
else
{
;
}

if ,
:
if (x == 1) {
System.out.println(x
} else if (x == 2) {
System.out.println(x
} else if (x == 3) {
System.out.println(x
} else if (x == 4) {
System.out.println(x
} else {
System.out.println(x
}

is one.);
is two.);
is three.);
is four.);
is not between 1-4.);

switch

switch
.
switch, :
switch (x) {
case 1;
System.out.println(x
break;
case 2;
System.out.println(x
break;
case 3:
System.out.println(x
break;
case 4:
System.out.println(x
break;
default:

Java

is one.);
is two.);
is three.);
is four.);

System.out.println(x is not between 1-4.);

break;
}

break. break
break switch.
.
switch (x) {
case 1;
System.out.println(x
case 2;
System.out.println(x
case 3;
System.out.println(x
case 4;
System.out.println(x
System.out.println(x
break;
case 5;
System.out.println(x
case 6;
System.out.println(x
case 7;
System.out.println(x
case 8;
System.out.println(x
System.out.println(x
break;
default:
System.out.println(x
break;
}

is one.);
is two.);
is three.);
is four.);
is between one and four.);
is five.);
is six.);
is seven.);
is eight.);
is between five and eight.);
is not between one and eight.);

for

for (loop) .
for,
( C/C++).
:
for ( ; ; ) {
;
}

(initialization) loop
(condition). ,
(iteration)
. , ...

Java

10

:
for (int i = 1; i < 20; i += 3)
System.out.println(i);
}

:
1
4
7
10
13
16
19

,
for.
';'. :
int x = 10;
for (; x < 5; x++) {
System.out.println(x);
}
double y = 20000; // (y = pi)
for (; y >= 10.0;) {
// y
// y.
// for loop y 10.0
System.out.println(y);
y = Math.sqrt(y);
}
for (;;) { // infinite loop
wait_for_signal();
}

while

while for
,
:
while () {
;
}
:
bool exit_from_loop = false;
while (exit_from_loop = false) {
//
read_bytes(file1);
//
write_bytes(file2);

Java

11

if (file_empty(file1) == true)
exit_from_loop = true;
}

do/while

do/while while, ,
loop
.
do {
;
} while ();

:
int x = 10;
do {
System.out.println(x);
x++;
} while (x <10);

:
10

loop
(x < 10).
break/continue

loop
. .. infinite loop,
(signal) (.. Control-C).
for (int i = 1; i < 20; i += 3)
if ( i*i > 100)
break;
System.out.println(i);
}

:
1
4
7

break loops, for, while, do/while.

break continue,
iteration loop. iteration.
:
for (int i = 1; i < 20; i += 3) {
// ()
if ( i % 2 = 0)

Java

12

continue;
System.out.println(i);
}

:
1
7
13
19

Java

13

4.Classes
Class: Car

Instance of Car
Object:
Audi TT

Instance of Car
Object:
Jaguar XK8

Instance of Car
Object:
Ferrari Modena

Instance of Car
Object:
Bertona Bella

Java
.

(instance) . ,

. , ,
, ,
,
(, , , ).
( /
). , .
Java ( C++ Java)
class. ,
Car:
class Car
{
(/)
(/)
}

member variables

. ,
: , ,
. ,
,
.

Java

14

 Car, :
class Car
{
//
float steering_angle;
// (0 = , 100 = !)
float gas_pedal;
// (0 = , 100 = !)
float break_pedal;
// (0 = ,
// 100 = !)
float clutch;
// ( : 0, 1,2,3,4,5,
// 0 = , -1 = )
int gear;
// ,
//
float acceleration, speed, rpm;
}

, .
,
. ,
,
, float.
, , Car.

. '
interface . interface
(member methods).
member methods

(methods) ,
()
.
,
. ,
, ,
,
.

Java

15

 Car :
// , <relative_angle>
// .
void turn_wheel(float relative_angle);
//
void press_gas_pedal(float amount);
//
void press_break_pedal(float amount);
//
void press_clutch_pedal(float amount);
// . true
// false (.. 5 ).
bool change_gear(int new_gear);
// ,
//
float get_acceleration();
float get_speed();
float get_rpm();

,
(float) get_*(), bool
change_gear(). void
.
,
' .

,
.
(implementation).
, turn_wheel() :
void turn_wheel(float relative_angle)
{
steering_angle += relative_angle;
if (steering_angle <= -720.0)
steering_angle = -720.0;
if (steering_angle >= 720.0)
steering_angle = 720.0;
}

, 2
.
, (.. ),

.
Java

16

 new

, -
(instances) . , new
Java.
new , ,
(reference) .
(
). new :
Car acar = new Car();
Car anothercar = new Car();

acar anothercar
new.
. :
Car acar;
acar = new Car();

( )
, :
// acar
acar.steering_angle
// anothercar
anothercar.steering_angle
// acar 13.4 .
acar.turn(13.4);
// acar
float speed = acar.get_speed();
// anothercar 32
anothercar.turn(-32.0);
// anthercar
bool result = anothercar.ghange_gear(-1);

( ).
Java
.
','.
Constructors

new, Java,
,
, (constructor).
.
,
Java

17

 ,
SQL, (sockets) server
.

( ,
void).
, Car, :
Car()
{
steering_wheel = 0.0;
gas_pedal = 0.0;
break_pedal = 0.0;
float clutch = 0.0;
int gear = 0;
acceleration = 0.0;
speed = 0.0;
rpm = 0.0;
}

, (initialization)
.
,
.
,
(engine_cc: , engine_hp: ) ,
:
Car(int cc, int hp)
{
engine_cc = cc;
engine_hp = hp;
//
}

.
constructor overloading
Java, method overloading (
).
Destructors? Garbage collection Java

C++,
(destructors). C++, ,
( delete)
(
, , threads,
, ). Java ,
!
Java (garbage collection)
Java

18

 ,
. ,

(.. C++).
this

,
,
. ,
.
this
(
). this, turn_wheel()
:
void turn_wheel(float relative_angle)
{
this.steering_angle += relative_angle;
if (this.steering_angle <= -720.0)
this.steering_angle = -720.0;
if (this.steering_angle >= 720.0)
this.steering_angle = 720.0;
}

this
,
.
Method Overloading

,
.
/ .
, turn_wheel()
int float. C
/,
:
void turn_wheel_int(int relative_angle)
{
this.steering_angle += (float) relative_angle;
if (this.steering_angle <= -720.0)
this.steering_angle = -720.0;
if (this.steering_angle >= 720.0)
this.steering_angle = 720.0;
}
void turn_wheel_float(float relative_angle)
{
steering_angle += relative_angle;
if (steering_angle <= -720.0)
steering_angle = -720.0;
if (steering_angle >= 720.0)

Java

19

steering_angle = 720.0;
}

, .
turn_wheel_int() :
void turn_wheel_int(int relative_angle)
{
turn_wheel_float((float) relative_angle);
}

,
,
debugging,
. ObjectOriented Java C++ Method
Overloading. method overloading,
.
, :
void turn_wheel(float relative_angle)
{
steering_angle += relative_angle;
if (steering_angle <= -720.0)
steering_angle = -720.0;
if (steering_angle >= 720.0)
steering_angle = 720.0;
}
void turn_wheel(int relative_angle)
{
turn_wheel((float) relative_angle);
}

turn_wheel()
.
' ' , ( void
) .

Java

20

5.

Java
, .
C/C++, Java .
, ..
(
Java) , (
C/C++).

.
C/C++.
:
type table[];

, new:
table = new type[size];

:
type table[] = new type[size];

type
(bool, byte, short, int, long, float, double,
char, String) ( Java ). size
table.
C/C++,
table[i], i .
C/C++ Java
(0) size-1. A 10
A[0] A[9].
:
int data[] = new int[10];
int i;
System.out.println(Size of array data: + data.length);
for (i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
data[i] = i*i;
System.out.println(data[ + i + ] = + data[i]);
}

:
Size of
data[0]
data[1]
data[2]
data[3]
data[4]
data[5]

array data: 10
= 0
= 1
= 4
= 9
= 16
= 25

Java

21

data[6]
data[7]
data[8]
data[9]

=
=
=
=

36
49
64
81

length
.
,
,
:
int dataset[] = { 22, 3, 54, 43, 199, 20, 20, 67, 7, 80 };

new
dataset.
.

Java, .
, :
int twodim[][] = new int[4][4];
int i, j, counter = 1;
for (i = 0; i < twodim.length; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < twodim[i].length; j++) {
twodim[i][j] = counter;
counter++;
System.out.print(twodim[i][j] + );
}
System.out.println();
}

:
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16

twodim[1][2]

twodim[3][1]

Java

9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16

22

 Strings

strings
System.out.println(). strings
, Java strings ,
String.
println(),
String,
, new.
String str = new String(Hello);
System.out.println(str);

String :
String str2 = Another string;
System.out.println(str2);

String ,
String.
:

boolean equals(String str) true String

int length()

( ) String.

char charAt(int index)

index String.

int compareTo(String str)

String.
(. compareTo())
str,
, ,
String
str.

int indexOf(String str)

str String.

, -1.

int lastIndexOf(String
str)

str String.

, -1.

strings Java:
String str1 = Hello there, from Java!;
String str2 = One two three four;
String str3 = Java strings are cool!;
String str4 = new String(str3);
int index, result;
System.out.println(str1 is + str1.length() + characters long.);

Java

23

for (int i=0; i < str2.length(); i++)

System.out.print(str2.charAt(i) + |);
System.out.println();
if (str3.equals(str4))
System.out.println(str3 == str4);
else
System.out.println(str3 != str4);
if (str3.equals(str2))
System.out.println(str3 == str2);
else
System.out.println(str3 != str2);
result = str3.compareTo(str1);
if (result < 0)
System.out.println(str3 < str1);
else if (result == 0)
System.out.println(str3 == str1);
else
System.out.println(str3 > str1);
index = str1.indexOf(Java);
if (index)
System.out.println('Java' exists in str1 in position + index);
else
System.out.println('Java' does not exist in str1);
index = str2.indexOf(Java);
if (index)
System.out.println('Java' exists in str2 in position + index);
else
System.out.println('Java' does not exist in str2);
index = str3.indexOf(Java);
if (index)
System.out.println('Java' exists in str3 in position + index);
else
System.out.println('Java' does not exist in str3);

:
H|e|l|l|o| |t|h|e|r|e|,|
str3 == str4
str3 != str2
str3 > str1
'Java' exists in str1 in
'Java' does not exist in
'Java' exists in str3 in

Java

|f|r|o|m| |J|a|v|a|!|

position 18
str2
position 1

24

6.

Java. ,

.
main()

Java, , C/C++,
/ main().
, main() ,
. Java:
class Example {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.println(hello everyone);
}
}

public, static void ,

args[].
void
. main()
.
public
,
. main()
( ).
, static
. ,
Example new,
main(). ,
main(), main()
Java.
.java

(source code)
(compilation unit) Java,
.java.
. ,
, Java
.
javac (java compiler), :
(source code directory)# javac Example.java

(UNIX/Linux)

C:\(source code directory)\> javac Example.java

(Windows)

Java ( java bytecode,

),
Java

25

 . java bytecode .class.

.class

.class Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

JVM , java.
(source code directory)# java Example
hello everyone

(UNIX/Linux)

C:\(source code directory)\> java Example

hello everyone

(Windows)

.class Example.
.java, compiler java .class.
.class
.java .
.jar

,
.java .class,
, .class
.
.
, Java .class
JAR (Java Archive) .jar.
jar (
Windows UNIX/Linux):
C:\(source code directory)# jar cvf classes.jar MyClass1.class
Another.class

classes.jar
:
C:\(source code directory)\> java classes.jar

jar zip
.
args[] main()

main() args[],
String. argc
argv[] C/C++. ,
(DOS/Command Prompt
Windows, shell Linux).

:

Java

26

class ArgsExample {
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i=0; i < args.length; i++)
System.out.println(args[i]);
}
}

ArgsExample.java
javac :
# javac ArgsExample.java

:
# java ArgsExample hello mate what's up?
hello
mate
what's up?

(hello, mate what's up?)

.
(space,
tab) ,
( what's up?
).

Java

27

7.

Java
.

( Java JVM).
,
.
:

/ .

(
main()).

.

:

1 class ArgsExample {
2
public static void main(String args[]) {
3
for (int i=0; i < args.length; i++) {
4
if (args[i].equals(-file) == true) {
5
if (i+1 < args.length)
6
System.out.println(FILE: +args[i+1]);
7
}
8
}
9
}
10 }

1-3 : ,
main() loop for. 4
equals() String - args[]
-file. ( equals()
true) ( i+1
, 5)
( 6). args[].
javac,
:

Java

28

# javac ArgsExample.java
# java ArgsExample one -file two three -file
FILE: two

args[] :
args[0]

one

args[1]

-file

args[2]

two

args[3]

three

args[4]

-file

args.length
args.length = 5.
, :
i

args[i]

args[0].equals(-file)

i+1 < args.length

Print?

one

false

no

-file

true

true

yes

two

false

no

three

false

no

-file

true

false

no

- i+1 < args.length

,
5 for loop (
if 5
true.

i ).
if 4

References

equals()
String.
==, int ;
Java, (bool, int, long, float, ),
,
( , String)
(instance). ,
str String,
. pointers
references C/C++.
, string:

Java

29

String a, b;
a = Hello;
b = a;
String c = new String(a);

.
a

Hello

Hello

a b
string Hello. b a,
. b,
a. c,
a
c. c, a .
Encapsulation

Person
, .. , , email
. ..
, , .
class Person
{
//
String Firstname_, Lastname_;
int Age_;
String Telephone_;
String Email_;
// constructor
Person(String fname, String lname, int age, String tel,
String email)
{
Firstname_ = new String(fname);
Lastname_ = new String(lname);
Age_ = age;
Telephone_ = new String(tel);
Email_ = new String(email);
}
}

_. ,
,

.

Java

30

 ,
:
Person bilbo = new Person( Bilbo, Baggins, 111, +306970123456,
bilbobaggins@theshire.net);

, bilbo
Bilbo Baggins, 111 . 306970123456 email bilbobaggins@theshire.net.
.
bilbo,

. , email email_
telephone_. :
bilbo.Firstname_
bilbo.Lastname_
bilbo.Age_
bilbo.Email_
bilbo.Telephone_

=
=
=
=
=

;
;
3;
this is definitely not a valid email address;
yeah, try to call this;

!!!

;
Java
,
.
, main() public
.
, public
. ,
private. private

( ). ,
. Person,
private, :
class Person
{
//
private String Firstname_, Lastname_;
private int Age_;
private String Telephone_;
private String Email_;
...

!
.
, .
.
Java

31

 ,
,
( getter/setter ).
, Person get/set
(age_ email_):
// Return the age
int getAge()
{
return Age_;
}
// return the Email address
String getEmail()
{
return new String(Email_);
}
// method to set the age of the person
bool setAge(int Age)
{
// check if given Age is non-negative (> 0)
if (Age > 0)
{
Age_ = Age;
return true;
} else
return false;
}
// method to set the email address
bool setEmail(String Email)
{
// call a helper method to check the validity of the email
// address (if it's in the form x@y.z).
// Ideally, the email address should be a class on its own.
if (isValid(Email) == true)
{
Email_ = new String(Email);
return true;
} else
return false;
}

.
email , ,
email ( x@y.z).

. ..
,
. O,
,
(.. setTelephone()).
Java

32

Inheritance

. ,
.
,
Person . Person
, .. ,
, ,
/ .
Person

( ).
,
.
/ , ;

. Person
(Clerk)
(Teacher).
Person.
Person.
(
):
class Clerk extends Person
{
private String JobTitle_;
private String CompanyName_;
private String JobAddress_;
private String JobEmail_;
private String JobTel_;
private String JobFax_;
private String JobDescription_;
public Clerk(String fname, String lname, int age, String tel,
String email, String jobtitle, String companyname,
String jobaddress, String jobemail,
String jobtel, String jobfax,
String jobdescription)
{
Firstname_ = new String(fname);
Lastname_ = new String(lname);
Age_ = age;
Telephone_ = new String(tel);
Email_ = new String(email);
JobTitle_ = new String(jobtitle);
CompanyName_ = new String(companyname);
JobAddress_ = new String(jobaddress);
JobEmail_ = new String(jobemail);
JobTel_ = new String(jobtel);
JobFax = new String(jobfax);
JobDescription_ = new String(jobdescription);

Java

33

}
// get/set
// ...
...
//
// .
String getInfo() {
return new String(getFirstname()+ +getLastname()
+ works at +CompanyName_
+, at +JobAddress_
+.\n Email: +getEmail()+\n
+Tel: +JobTel_);
}
}

, Teacher:
class Teacher extends Person
{
private String Title_;
private String School_;
private String SchoolAddress_;
private String SchoolTel_;
private String CourseName_;
private String CourseDescription_;
public Teacher(String fname, String lname, int age, String tel,
String email, String title, String school,
String schooladdress, String schooltel,
String coursename, String coursedescription)
{
Firstname_ = new String(fname);
Lastname_ = new String(lname);
Age_ = age;
Telephone_ = new String(tel);
Email_ = new String(email);
Title_ = title;
School_ = school;
SchoolAddress_ = schooladdress;
SchoolTel_ = jobtel;
CourseName_ = coursename;
CourseDescription_ = coursedescription;
}
// get/set
// ...
...
//
// .
String getInfo() {
return new String(getFirstname()+ +getLastname()
+ teaches +CourseName_+ at +School_
+, +SchoolAddress_+.\n
+Email: +getEmail()+\n

Java

34

+Tel: +SchoolTel_);
}
}

get() Person
( private).
private,
. .
;
:
Person bilbo = new Person( Bilbo, Baggins, 111, +306970123456,
bilbobaggins@theshire.net);
Clerk sam = new Clerk( Samwise, Gamgee, 33, +30697654321,
samgamgee@theshire.net,
Gardener, Baggins Inc.,
Bag End, Hobbiton, The Shire,
gardener@baggins.com,
+302103456789, +302103456780,
Garden Dept. Director);
Teacher pippin = new Teacher( Peregrin, Took, 27, +30690090090,
pippin@theshire.net, Dr.,
King's College, Hobbiton,
+30210000001, Philosophy,
Deal with the important matters of life, eg. what do we
eat?);

,
,
( ):
System.out.println(bilbo has email address: + bilbo.getEmail());

:
bilbo has email address: bilbobaggins@shire.net

:
System.out.println(sam works as a + sam.getJobTitle() + at +
sam.getCompanyame());

:
sam works as a Gardener at Baggins Inc.

, :
System.out.println(pippin teaches + pippin.getCourseName() + at +
pippin.getSchool());

:
pippin teaches Philosophy at King's College

Java

35

, :
System.out.println(sam's private telephone is + sam.getTel());
System.out.println(pippin is + pippin.getAge() + years old);

:
sam's private telephone is +30697654321
pippin is 27 years old

Person !!!
!
,
(code reusability).
,

, .
Polymorphism

; ,
getInfo(),
. ,
Person, getInfo().
getInfo() Person, .. :
String getInfo() {
return new String(getFirstname()+ +getLastname()
+is +getAge()+ years old);
}

: getInfo()
;
. getInfo()
.
, :
System.out.println(bilbo.getInfo());
System.out.println(sam.getInfo());
System.out.println(pippin.getInfo());

Bilbo Baggins is 111 years old
Samwise Gamgee works at Baggins Inc., at Bag End, Hobbiton, The Shire.
Email: gardener@baggins.com
Tel: +302103456789
Peregrin Took teaches Philosophy at King's College, Hobbiton.
Email: pippin@theshire.net
Tel: +30210000001

; (
getInfo()) . Person
getInfo() (Bilbo Baggins is 111 years old)
Java

36

 Clerk Teacher .
, getInfo() Clerk, getInfo()
sam Samwise Gamgee is 33 year old.
Clerk
getInfo(), , .
Method Overriding
.

//
.

. (bilbo, sam, pippin).
Person who[3];
who[0] = bilbo;
who[1] = sam;
who[2] = pippin;
for (int i=0; i < who.length; i++)
System.out.println(who[i].getInfo());

,
Person
. sam Clerk pippin
Teacher. who;
Person, Clerk Teacher .
Clerk Person, Teacher
Person. Clerk Teacher.
Clerk Teacher Person,
. Person, getInfo()
.
(
);
super (
). super
( constructor
). .
getInfo() Teacher :
public Teacher(String fname, String lname, int age, String tel,
String email, String title, String school,
String schooladdress, String schooltel,
String coursename, String coursedescription)
{
super(fname, lname, age, tel, email);
Title_ = title;
School_ = school;
SchoolAddress_ = schooladdress;
SchoolTel_ = jobtel;
CourseName_ = coursename;
CourseDescription_ = coursedescription;
}

Java

37

String getInfo() {
return new String(super.getInfo()
+ and teaches +CourseName_+ at +School_
+, +SchoolAddress_+.\n
+Email: +getEmail()+\n
+Tel: +SchoolTel_);
}

(initialize)

. , getInfo(),
. ..
getInfo() Person,
getInfo() Teacher,
Person super.
method overriding
. ,
. ( )
(method overloading)
.
Abstract Classes

.
,
method overriding.

' .
.

.
( )
. :
abstract class Car {
...
// . true
// false (.. 5 ).
abstract bool change_gear(int new_gear);
...
}
class FerrariModena extends Car {
...
bool change_gear(int new_gear) {
//
}
...
}

Java

38

Final Classes

method overriding,
, .
(..
, /, ),

.
( )
.
.

final. final overriding
. final,
'
.
:
class A {
final int amethod() {
// sample code
}
}
class B extends A {
int amethod() {
// different code
}
}

// !!! !

final:
final class A {
// class internals
}
class B extends A { // !!! !
// class internals
}

final ,

( const C++).
class myfinal {
final int x = 1;
// int x 1
//
}

Object

Java '
.
,
Java

39

 . Object
:

boolean equals(Object ob)

true Object
.

Object clone()

,
clone().

Class getClass()

getClass().

String toString()

String.

System.out.println(),

. overload.

Java

40

8.Exceptions
( !)
.
bugs ( ),
( , ,
, ) (..

).


/ (crash).


. ,
.
(C, PASCAL)
.

. ,
,
,
:
fc = open(.dat);
if (fc == 0 && errno != 0)
println(error);
success = read(fc, buffer);
if (success) {
// do stuff
}
success = write(fc, buffer);
if (success) {
// again, do stuff
}

, .
,
. ,
. ,

(
).
, ,

,
.
C, PASCAL, FORTRAN.

.
Java

41

 C++ Java
, exceptions.

. ( ),
exceptions ,
,
. :
(try)
(exception)
(catch). , :
try {
fc = open(.dat);
read(fc, buffer);
// do stuff
write(fc, buffer);
// do stuff
} catch (Exception e) {
println(error);
}

(: , Java
, )
catch exception
(catch). Java exception
Exception , e
. Exception
exception, ,
, . :

String getLocalizedMessage() String exception

String getMessage()
String toString()

String exception.
toString() ..

System.out.println().

void printStackTrace()

( exception)
.

Exception .
..
( )
.
Exception ( Exception)
.
exceptions Java:
Java

42

Exception

ArithmeticException

(..
).

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

ArrayStoreException

NegativeArraySizeException

NullPointerException

null .

NumberFormatException

String

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException String

UnsupportedOperationException

ClassNotFoundException

IllegalAccessException

InstantiationException

(instance) .

NoSuchFieldException

NoSuchMethodException

exception catch.
, :
class ExceptionTest {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int val = -5;
int nums[] = new int[10];
for (int i=0; i < nums.length; i++, val++)
nums[i] = val;
for (int i=0; i < 2* nums.length; i++) {
try {
// 10 nums[i]
System.out.println(10 / nums[i]);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception :"
+ e.getMessage());
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("non-existant elements, at pos:"
+ e.getMessage());
}
}
System.out.println(Program continues to run...);
}

Java

43

javac, java:
$ java ExceptionTest
-2
-2
-3
-5
-10
Arithmetic Exception :/ by zero
10
5
3
2
non-existant elements, at pos: 10
non-existant elements, at pos: 11
non-existant elements, at pos: 12
non-existant elements, at pos: 13
non-existant elements, at pos: 14
non-existant elements, at pos: 15
non-existant elements, at pos: 16
non-existant elements, at pos: 17
non-existant elements, at pos: 18
non-existant elements, at pos: 19
Program continues to run...

,
. exceptions,
:
$ java ExceptionTest
-2
-2
-3
-5
-10
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at ExceptionTest.main(ExceptionTest.java)

,
,
, ,
.
Exceptions throws

exceptions
exceptions. Java
exception
( main()). exceptions
, .
exception , . main:
:
public static void main(String args[]) throws java.io.IOException {

Java

44

9.Java
, Java
, .
Java ,
, ..
String
.
,
, .. C
(memory mapped files) (structs)
/. C++
(streams).
, , Java.
I/O Streams

streams ,

. , Java

, byte (byte streams)
(character streams). , byte streams
,
.
, character streams ,
(.. ISO-8859-7, UTF-8)
Unicode.
, character streams byte streams.
Byte Streams

byte streams
InputStream OutputStream.

(.. , (pipes), ).
InputStream
OutputStream.
Java.
byte streams.

InputStream

()
byte stream (input).

OutputStream

()
byte stream (output).

BufferedInputStream

Stream buffer .

BufferedOutputStream

Stream buffer .

ByteArrayInputStream

Stream bytes.

Java

45

ByteArrayOutputStream Stream bytes.

DataInputStream

Stream (raw) bytes.

DataOutputStream

Stream (raw) bytes.

FileInputStream

Stream .

FileOutputStream

Stream .

FilterInputStream

Stream .

FilterOutputStream

Stream .

PipedInputStream

Stream (pipe).

PipedOutputStream

Stream (pipe).

PrintStream

Stream print() println

().

PushBackInputStream

Stream .

RandomAccessFile

Stream .

SequenceInputStream

Stream
streams , .

streams Java System.out

, System.in System.err ( stderr
C). System.in (instance) InputStream System.out
System.err PrintStream ('
print() println()).
InputStream & OutputStream

InputStream :

int available()

bytes
stream.

void close()

stream .

int read()

byte stream
int, -1
.

int read(byte buffer[])

bytes (
buffer[],
buffer.length)
buffer.
bytes , -1
.

Java

46

int read(byte buffer, int

offset, int maxBytes)

bytes (
maxBytes)
buffer,

offset.
bytes
, -1
.

long skip(long numBytes)

( ) numBytes bytes
stream ,
bytes .

1 InputStream

OutputStream:

void close()

stream .

void flush()
void write(int b)

stream byte b. b
int, casting
byte .

void write(byte buffer[])

buffer (
buffer.length) stream .

void write(byte buffer,

int offset, int maxBytes)

buffer (
maxBytes) offset,
stream .

2 OutputStream

,
InputStream OutputStream read() write() .
.

(I/O) , Java,
exception ( the method throws an exception).
InputStream, OutputStream
(package) Java java.io, Exceptions
, Exception java.io,
IOException. , java.io.IOException.
Java packages: Java ,

. ,
(C, C++).
,
.
Java

47

Java , ,
, , .
, , java.io.
import,
, :
import java.io.*;

java.io ( ) .
InputStream OutputStream,
( copy
DOS cp UNIX). CopyFile
:
C:\> java CopyFile file1.dat file2.dat

file1.dat file2.dat. file2.dat ,

.
(Usage).
import java.io.*;
class CopyFile {
// main() IOExceptions
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
int i;
FileInputStream fin;
FileOutputStream fout;
// block try
try {
//
try {
fin = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
} catch (FileNotFoundException exc) {
System.out.println(Input file not found: + args[0]);
return;
}
//
try {
fout = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
} catch (FileNotFoundException exc) {
System.out.println(Error opening output file: + args[0]);
return;
}
// ,
// args[] exception.
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exc) {
System.out.println(Usage: CopyFile From To);
return;

Java

48

}
//
// :
try {
do {
i = fin.read();
if (i != -1)
//
fout.write(i);
// fin
} while (i != -1);
} catch (IOException exc) {
System.out.println(File error);
}
//
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
}

FileInputStream FileOutputStream, .

copy. Linux Pentium III/ 700 Mhz,
56 MB cp 11 .
, 4 44 !!!

read() write()
buffer. ,
:
// 2
// blocks . 16384 bytes
//
//
int bufsize = 16384;
byte buffer[] = new byte[bufsize];
//
// :
try {
do {
// buffer, i
// bytes .
i = fin.read(buffer);
if (i != -1)
// fin
// fout bytes buffer
// read()
fout.write(buffer, 0, i);
} while (i != -1);
} catch (IOException exc) {
System.out.println(File error);
}

Java

49

 .
8,6 !
.
byte streams
(..
ByteArrayOutputStream,
(pipe) PipedInputStream, ).
.
Streams

, Java
, streams (character streams).
' InputStream
OutputStream .
() Reader Writer
streams :

Reader

()
character stream (input).

Writer

()
character stream (output).

BufferedReader

Stream buffer .

BufferedWriter

Stream buffer .

CharArrayReader

Stream .

CharArrayWriter

Stream .

FileReader

Stream .

FileWriter

Stream .

FilterReader

Stream .

FilterWriter

Stream .

InputStreamReader

Stream bytes .

LineNumberReader

Stream .

OutputStreamWriter Stream bytes.

PipedReader

Stream (pipe).

PipedWriter

Stream (pipe).

PrintWriter

Stream print() println().

PushBackReader

Stream .

StringReader

Stream String.

StringWriter

Stream String.

Java

50

, Reader Writer,
InputStream OutputStream,
:

int available()

bytes
stream.

void close()

stream .

int read()

stream int, -1
.

int read(char buffer[])

(
buffer[],
buffer.length)
buffer.
, -1
.

abstract int read(char

buffer, int offset, int
maxChars)

(
maxChars)
buffer, offset.

, -1
.

long skip(long numChars)

( ) numChars
stream ,
.

3 Reader

Writer:

abstract void close()

stream .

abstract void flush()

void write(int ch)

stream ch. ch
int,
casting char .

void write(char buffer[])

buffer (
buffer.length) stream .

abstract void write(char

buffer, int offset, int
maxChars)

buffer (
maxChars) offset,
stream .

void write(String str)

String str stream .

Java

51

void write(String str, int String str (

offset, int maxChars)
maxChars) offset,

stream .

4 Writer

, stream
. ,
(
FileReader) BufferedReader.

( type DOS more/less UNIX).
PrintWriter.
System.out.println(), ,
(
, ).
import java.io.*;
class PrintFile {
public static void main(String args[]) {
//
FileReader fr;
BufferedReader br;
PrintWriter pw;
String str;
//
// .
if (args.length == 0)
System.out.println("Usage: PrintFile <file>...");
// block exceptions
try {
// PrintWriter
pw = new PrintWriter(System.out, true);
// , FileReader.
// FileReader, BufferedReader.
for (int i=0; i < args.length; i++) {
fr = new FileReader(args[i]);
br = new BufferedReader(fr);
// BufferedReader,
// . , PrintWriter
while ((str = br.readLine()) != null)
pw.println(str);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("File error: " +e);
}
}
}

Java

52

10.
Java.

, Java
Streams. Java
/stream Internet,

.

. java.net
TCP/IP UDP. ,
: URL, URLConnection, Socket, and ServerSocket
TCP, DatagramPacket, DatagramSocket, and MulticastSocket
UDP.
URL

(
HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, ),
web browsers. URL Uniform Resource
Locator.
, www.mysite.net, URLs
:
http://www.mysite.net/
http://www.mysite.net/pages/article.html

URL
:
URL mysite = new URL("http://www.mysite.net/pages/");
URL mysiteArticle = new URL(mysite, "article.html");
URL mysiteForm = new URL(mysite, "form.html");

, URL
(constructor) :
URL(URL baseURL)
URL(URL baseURL, String relativeURL)

URL
string, Exception MalformedURLException.
try {
URL myURL = new URL(. . .)
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
. . .
// Exception
. . .
}

Java

53

 URL, URL
.
:

String getProtocol()

(http, ftp).

String getHost()

, ..
www.mysite.net.

String getFile()

String getPort()

( 80
http 21 ftp).

String getRef()

( '#').

/pages/article.html.

..

, URL.
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ParseURL {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL aURL = new URL("http://java.sun.com:80/docs/books/"
+ "tutorial/index.html#DOWNLOADING");
System.out.println("protocol = " + aURL.getProtocol());
System.out.println("host = " + aURL.getHost());
System.out.println("filename = " + aURL.getFile());
System.out.println("port = " + aURL.getPort());
System.out.println("ref = " + aURL.getRef());
}
}

:
protocol = http
host = java.sun.com
filename = /docs/books/tutorial/index.html
port = 80
ref = DOWNLOADING

URLConnection

URL,
URLConnection, HTTP.
URL
' .

Java

54

 URLConnection

URLConnection :
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class URLConnectionReader {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL yahoo = new URL("http://www.yahoo.com/");
URLConnection yc = yahoo.openConnection();
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
yc.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(inputLine);
in.close();
}
}

openConnection() URL,
URLConnection yc.

www.yahoo.com, Streams (.
). , BufferedReader
InputStream www.yahoo.com.
URLConnection InputStream
getInputStream() ,
.
URLConnection

, HTML Internet

server ( ).
browser, CGI (
Perl/PHP/ASP/),
HTML. POST (POST METHOD)
HTML. Java
URL,
. ,
:

URL (, URL)

URL ( URLConnection)

URLConnection

stream (OutputStream).
(input stream) CGI server.

stream .

Java

55

stream .

-
Sun Java. HTML
browser .
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class JavaSearch {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
if (args.length != 1) {
System.err.println("Usage: java JavaSearch <string>");
System.exit(1);
}
String msg = URLEncoder.encode(args[0], "ISO-8859-1");
URL baseurl = new URL("http://onesearch.sun.com/");
URL url = new URL(baseurl, "search/developers/index.jsp");
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
connection.setDoOutput(true);
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(
connection.getOutputStream());
out.println("qt=" + msg);
out.close();
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
connection.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(inputLine);
in.close();
}
}

:
if (args.length != 1) {
System.err.println("Usage: java JavaSearch <string>");
System.exit(1);
}
String msg = URLEncoder.encode(args[0], UTF-8);

, UTF-8
msg ( String).
msg CGI (
Java

56

 browser ),
.
URLEncoder.
URL,
, URLConnection
:
URL baseurl = new URL("http://onesearch.sun.com/");
URL url = new URL(baseurl, "search/developers/index.jsp");
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
connection.setDoOutput(true);

stream
PrintWriter:
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(c.getOutputStream());

(
CGI script) getOutputStream()
UnknownServiceException.
stream
server.
stream .
PrintStream ( ..
System.out):
out.println("qt=" + msg);
out.close();

println().
. Java
.
(.. sockets TCP/IP,
packets, )
.
CGI script ,
HTML ( browser).
InputStreamReader,
- ( readline()):
BufferReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(c.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(inputLine);
in.close();

(System.out)
.

Java

57

 URL

, CopyFile. URL
CopyFile.
FileInputStream ,
URL URLConnection.
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class URLConnectionReader {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL from;
FileOutputStream fout;
int i;
try {
try {
from = new URL(args[0]);
} catch (MalformedURLException exc) {
System.out.println("Error opening URL: " + args[0]);
return;
}
try {
fout = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
} catch (FileNotFoundException exc) {
System.out.println("Error opening output file: " + args[0]);
return;
}
// ,
// args[] exception.
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exc) {
System.out.println("Usage: URLConnectionReader From To");
return;
}
URLConnection yc = from.openConnection();
InputStream fin = yc.getInputStream();
//
// :
int bufsize = 8192;
byte buffer[] = new byte[bufsize]; //
// 2
//
// blocks
try {
do {
i = fin.read(buffer);
if (i != -1)

Java

//

58

fout.write(buffer, 0, i); // fin

} while (i != -1);
} catch (IOException exc) {
System.out.println("File error");
}
in.close();
}
}

Sockets

sockets
TCP/IP, Internet,
. sockets
URLConnection, Java
(.. C/C++)
sockets streams. Java
Socket, socket (client)
ServerSocket, sockets
/ (server).
ServerSocket,
Socket.
server
server.
( EchoClient), server
echo. echo
.
7 (port 7).
EchoClient Echo server socket,
. server
client .
server
client. , FTP, HTTP ,
client server
(.. ).
EchoClient:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class EchoClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket echoSocket = null;
PrintWriter out = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
echoSocket = new Socket("server", 7);
out = new PrintWriter(echoSocket.getOutputStream(), true);

Java

59

in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(

echoSocket.getInputStream()));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
System.err.println("Don't know about host: servername.");
System.exit(1);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Couldn't get I/O for "
+ "the connection to: servername.");
System.exit(1);
}
BufferedReader stdIn = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String userInput;
while ((userInput = stdIn.readLine()) != null) {
out.println(userInput);
System.out.println("echo: " + in.readLine());
}
out.close();
in.close();
stdIn.close();
echoSocket.close();
}
}

.
try.
Socket server PrintWriter BufferReader Socket.
echoSocket = new Socket("server", 7);
out = new PrintWriter(echoSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
echoSocket.getInputStream()));

Socket echoSocket.
Socket ,
.
server,
server .
, IP DNS
(FQDN). 7 ( echo).
PrintWriter
BufferReader Socket. Reader Writer
Unicode.
socket PrintWriter
BufferedReader.
.
loop while,
(System.in) ,
Java

60

 BufferedReader.
socket PrintWriter:
String userInput;
while ((userInput = stdIn.readLine()) != null) {
out.println(userInput);
System.out.println("echo: " + in.readLine());
}

readLine(),
(stdIn) socket (in).
readLine() server client.
, echo: .
endof-input. loop
:
out.close();
in.close();
stdIn.close();
echoSocket.close();

.
PrintWriter BufferedReader socket,
BufferedReader
socket, server.
. socket
streams .
,
echo.
server (
server). server
client
( )
. :

socket.

stream stream socket.

streams server.

streams.

sockets.

Java

61

11. (JDBC)
Java

Java
SQL (Oracle, DB2, MS SQL, MySQL, PostgreSQL, ODBC, ).

(
API, ) Java
API
, .

, . : )
(driver) ) .

.
, JDBC-ODBC,
:
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

. ,
jdbc.DriverXYZ,
:
Class.forName("jdbc.DriverXYZ");

,
:
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,
myLogin", "myPassword");

,
url, .
JDBC-ODBC, url jdbc:odbc:.
(DSN) . ,
, ODBC
myBase url jdbc:odbc:myBase.
myLogin
myPassword, , ..
Fred Fl1ntst0n3. :
Java

62

String url = "jdbc:odbc:myBase";

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "Fred", "Fl1ntst0n3");

JDBC ( Sun)
,
, jdbc:
(.. acme, url
jdbc:acme).
.
DriverManager ,
getConnection(),
JDBC.

. con.

.
BIKES
.
BIKES:
BIKE_NAME
Yamaha XT 500

SUP_ID
101

PRICE

SALES TOTAL

5.000,00 0

KTM Adventurer 650 49

7.300,00 0

Kawasaki KLE 500

150

5.300,00 0

Honda TransAlp 650

101

7.900,00 0

Susuki VStrom 650

49

7.000,00 0

BMW FS 650

150

8.900,00 0

(BIKE_NAME)
VARCHAR ( 32 ).
(
) .
, SUP_ID, INTEGER.
, PRICE,
FLOAT. SQL NUMERIC DECIMAL
,
.
, SALES TOTAL,
, INTEGER.
, SUPPLIERS,
:

Java

63

SUP_ID

SUP_NAME

101
49

STREET

CITY

ZIP

313 13131
7

150 1

76767

10000

BIKES SUPPLIERS SUP_ID,

SELECT. SUP_ID SUPPLIERS
.
BIKES , .

SELECT.
BIKES
.:
CREATE TABLE BIKES ( BIKE_NAME VARCHAR(32), SUP_ID INTEGER,
PRICE FLOAT, SALES INTEGER, TOTAL INTEGER )

( , JDBC
.)
JDBC,
String. Java ( )
string ,
'+'.:
String createTableBikes = "CREATE TABLE BIKES " +
"(BIKE_NAME VARCHAR(32), SUP_ID INTEGER, PRICE FLOAT, " +
"SALES INTEGER, TOTAL INTEGER)";

JDBC

SQL JDBC
Statement. Statement SQL
,
.
Statement, executeQuery() SELECT
executeUpdate()
. Statement :
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE BIKES ( BIKE_NAME VARCHAR(32), SUP_ID
+ INTEGER, PRICE FLOAT, SALES INTEGER, TOTAL INTEGER)");

, stmt
executeUpdate().
String SQL BIKES,
:
stmt.executeUpdate(createTableBikes);

Java

64

BIKES
. executeUpdate()
SQL:
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate ( "INSERT INTO BIKES " +
"VALUES ('Yamaha XT 500', 101, 5000, 0, 0)");

BIKES .
Statement
.
stmt.executeUpdate ( "INSERT
"VALUES
stmt.executeUpdate ( "INSERT
"VALUES
stmt.executeUpdate ( "INSERT
"VALUES
stmt.executeUpdate ( "INSERT
"VALUES
stmt.executeUpdate ( "INSERT
"VALUES

INTO BIKES " +

('KTM Adventurer 650', 150, 7300, 0, 0)");
INTO BIKES " +
('Kawasaki KLE 500', 150, 5300, 0, 0)");
INTO BIKES " +
('Honda TransAlp 650', 150, 7900, 0, 0)");
INTO BIKES " +
('Susuki VStrom 650', 150, 7000, 0, 0)");
INTO BIKES " +
('BMW FS 650', 150, 8900, 0, 0)");

SUPPLIERS.

SELECT. ,
SQL :
SELECT * FROM BIKES

:
BIKE_NAME
--------------Yamaha XT 500
KTM Adventurer 650
Kawasaki KLE 500
Honda TransAlp 650
Susuki VStrom 650
BMW FS 650

SUP_ID
-----101
49
150
101
49
150

PRICE
------5000,00
7300,00
5300,00
7900,00
7000,00
8900,00

SALES
----0
0
0
0
0
0

TOTAL
----0
0
0
0
0
0

, :
SELECT BIKE_NAME, PRICE FROM BIKES

:
BIKE_NAME
--------------Yamaha XT 500
KTM Adventurer 650
Kawasaki KLE 500

Java

PRICE
------5000,00
7300,00
5300,00

65

Honda TransAlp 650

Susuki VStrom 650
BMW FS 650

7900,00
7000,00
8900,00

7100 :
SELECT BIKE_NAME, PRICE FROM BIKES WHERE PRICE < 7100

The results would look similar to this:

BIKE_NAME
--------------Yamaha XT 500
Kawasaki KLE 500
Susuki VStrom 650

PRICE
------5000,00
5300,00
7000,00

SQL ,
SQL. Java
ResultSet JDBC.
ResultSet

,
executeUpdate()
, SELECT, executeQuery().
executeQuery()
ResultSet. executeQuery()
:
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(SELECT BIKE_NAME, PRICE FROM BIKES");

rs SELECT,
.
. JDBC 1.0
( ),
JDBC 2.0 3.0
. , 1.0
.
next

next() ResultSet.
next(), (cursor)

( ).

ResultSet ( SQL
executeQuery()). ResultSet
, next()
ResultSet.

Java

66

 getXXX

,
.
, CREATE TABLE,
Java.
(..
encoding, ISO-8859-7, TIMESTAMP). Java

( ).
, BIKE_NAME
SELECT ( VARCHAR), getString()
ResultSet, PRICE getFloat().
executeQuery(), ResultSet,
next(), getXXX() .
,
.
String query = "SELECT BIKE_NAME, PRICE FROM BIKES";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
while (rs.next()) {
String s = rs.getString("BIKE_NAME");
float n = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
System.out.println(s + "
" + n);
}

:
Yamaha XT 500
5000,0
KTM Adventurer 650
7300,0
Kawasaki KLE 500
5300,0
Honda TransAlp 650
7900,0
Susuki VStrom 650
7000,0
BMW FS 650
8900,0

JDBC getXXX()
.
,
ResultSet.
1, 2, .
:
String s = rs.getString(1);
float n = rs.getFloat(2);

,
.
JDBC SQL.
:

Java

67

SQL
getByte()

TINYINT

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT,

REAL, FLOAT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL,
NUMERIC, BIT, CHAR, VARCHAR,
LONGVARCHAR

byte

getShort()

SMALLINT

TINYINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, REAL, short

FLOAT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL,
NUMERIC, BIT, CHAR, VARCHAR,
LONGVARCHAR

getInt()

INTEGER

TINYINT, SMALLINT, BIGINT,

REAL, FLOAT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL,
NUMERIC, BIT, CHAR, VARCHAR,
LONGVARCHAR

int

getLong()

BIGINT

TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER,

REAL, FLOAT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL,
NUMERIC, BIT, CHAR, VARCHAR,
LONGVARCHAR

long

getFloat()

REAL

TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER,

float
BIGINT, FLOAT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL,
NUMERIC, BIT, CHAR, VARCHAR,
LONGVARCHAR

getDouble()

FLOAT, DOUBLE

TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER,

double
BIGINT, REAL, DECIMAL, NUMERIC,
BIT, CHAR, VARCHAR, LONGVARCHAR

getBoolean()

BIT

TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER,

BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT, DOUBLE,
DECIMAL, NUMERIC, CHAR,
VARCHAR, LONGVARCHAR

getString()

CHAR, VARCHAR

TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER,

String
BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT, DOUBLE,
DECIMAL, NUMERIC, BIT,
LONGVARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY,
LONGVARBINARY, DATE, TIME,
TIMESTAMP

getDate()

DATE

CHAR, VARCHAR, LONGVARCHAR,

TIMESTAMP

Date

getTime()

TIME

CHAR, VARCHAR, LONGVARCHAR,

TIMESTAMP

Time

getTimestamp
()

TIMESTAMP

CHAR, VARCHAR, LONGVARCHAR,

DATE, TIME

Timestamp

boolean

getString

SQL (
SQL3). (
) String,
. .
Java

68

7 , Susuki VStrom
650, 4 BMW FS 650. SALES TOTAL
BIKES UPDATE SQL.
:
String updateString = "UPDATE BIKES SET SALES = 7 " +
"WHERE BIKE_NAME LIKE 'Susuki VStrom 650'";
stmt.executeUpdate(updateString);

VStrom,
String updateString = "UPDATE BIKES SET SALES = 4 " +
"WHERE BIKE_NAME LIKE 'BMW FS 650'";
stmt.executeUpdate(updateString);

BMW.
BIKES :
BIKE_NAME
--------------Yamaha XT 500
KTM Adventurer 650
Kawasaki KLE 500
Honda TransAlp 650
Susuki VStrom 650
BMW FS 650

SUP_ID
-----101
49
150
101
49
150

PRICE
------5000,00
7300,00
5300,00
7900,00
7000,00
8900,00

SALES
----0
0
0
0
7
4

TOTAL
----0
0
0
0
0
0

TOTAL .
:
String updateString = "UPDATE BIKES SET TOTAL = TOTAL + 75";
stmt.executeUpdate(updateString);

TOTAL (
Susuki VStrom
BMW FS).

:
String query = "SELECT BIKE_NAME, SALES, TOTAL FROM BIKES " +
"WHERE SALES > 0";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
while (rs.next()) {
String name = rs.getString(BIKE_NAME);
int sold = rs.getInt(SALES);
int tot = rs.getInt(TOTAL);
System.out.println(name+: Sold + sold +
bikes this week, + tot + in total);
}

:
Susuki VStrom 650: Sold 7 bikes this week, 7 in total
BMW FS 650: Sold 4 bikes this week, 4 in total

Java

69

12.; ;
, . Java ,
. ,
.
Applets, Swing
SWT, JavaBeans, Servlets, Java3D, Java, .

.
, URL
. .
, .

Java

70

Java 2, , , ISBN 960209625

Java 2: A beginner's Guide, Schildt, Osborne, ISBN 0072225882

JAVA 2 , WALSH, ., ISBN 960512310X

Thinking in Java, Bruce Eckel, Prentish Hall, ISBN 0131002872

Online:
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/

Java

71