Drafting - The common term that refers to all types of graphic communications.

Technical Drawing - Broad term for any drawing which expresses technical ideas, including sketches, mechanical drawings, charts, and illustrations.

Technical drawing, also known as drafting or draughting, is the act and discipline of composing plans that visually communicate how something functions or is to be constructed. A drafter, draftsperson, or draughtsman is a person who makes a drawing (technical or otherwise). A professional drafter who makes technical drawings is sometimes called a drafting technician. People who communicate with technical drawings may use technical standards that define practical symbols, perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual styles, or layout conventions. These enable a drafter to communicate more concisely by using a commonlyunderstood convention. Together, such conventions constitute a visual language, and help to ensure that the drawing is unambiguous and relatively easy to understand. This need for unambiguous communication in the preparation of a functional document distinguishes technical drawing from the expressive drawing of the visual arts. Artistic drawings are subjectively interpreted; their meanings are multiply determined. Technical drawings are understood to have one intended meaning. The Objectives of Drafting as an Explanatory Practical Arts Course The general objectives of drafting as an explanatory practical arts course are as follows: 1. To acquire essential skills in freehand drawing and lettering, in creating simple structural and decorative designs, in sketching pictorial drawings, and in making orthographic working sketches 2. To get acquainted with the technical and related general knowledge concerning the general drafting trade 3. To be able to read and interpret working sketches and working drawings 4. To develop one's power of observation and visualization 5. To form good habits of work such as cleanliness, accuracy, neatness, orderliness, speed and industry 6. To appreciate good draftsmanship Applications for technical drawing Architecture The art and design that goes into making buildings is known as architecture. To communicate all aspects of the design, detailed drawings are used. In this field, the term plan is often used when

referring to the full section view of these drawings.[3] Architectural drawings describe and document an architect's design Engineering Engineering can be a very broad term. It stems from the Latin ingenerare, meaning "to create".[5] Because this could apply to everything that humans create, it is given a narrower definition in the context of technical drawing. Engineering drawings generally deal with mechanical engineered items, such as manufactured parts and equipment. Engineering drawings are usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance (such as typefaces and line styles), size, etc. Its purpose is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component. The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component. Types of technical drawings The two types of technical drawings are based on graphical projection.[1] This is used to create an image of a three-dimensional object onto a two-dimensional surface. Two-dimensional representation Two-dimensional representation uses orthographic projection to create an image where only two of the three dimensions of the object are seen. Three-dimensional representation In three-dimensional representation, also referred to as pictorials, all three dimensions, of the three dimensions of an object, are visible. 4-DRAWING HANDOUTS INDEX Projection Orthographic or multi view drawings Pictorial drawings Isometric Oblique Perspective Dimensioning Sectioning

PROJECTION is the representation of the figure or solid on a plane as it would look from a particular direction 2 DEFINITIONS ARE USED IN PROJECTION: Orthographic Projection Pictorial Projection Orthographic or multi view projection Orthographic projection is a method of producing a number of separate 2D inter-related views, which are mutually at right angles to each other. Using this projection, even the most complex shape can be fully described. This method, however, does not create an immediate three dimensional visual picture of the object, as does pictorial projection. Orthographic projection is based on two principal planes one horizontal (HP) and one vertical (VP) intersecting each other and forming right angles and quadrants Pictorial Drawings Shows an object like you would see in a photograph Give a three dimensional view of a room or Structure Three common types Isometric Oblique Perspective ISOMETRIC DRAWING - A 3D drawing where the width and depth are drawn at 30 degrees and the height is drawn at 90 degrees.

example:

In an isometric drawing, the object's vertical lines are drawn vertically, and the horizontal lines in the width and depth planes are shown at 30 degrees to the horizontal. When drawn under these guidelines, the lines parallel to these three axes are at their true (scale) lengths. Lines that are not parallel to these axes will not be of their true length. Oblique DRAWING - A 3D drawing where the depth of an object is drawn at any angle. example: