• Define air-conditioning.

• Identify the main components of a simple

air-conditioning system.
• Explain how air-conditioning works.
• Identify the different types of air-
conditioners.
• Define HVAC and its goals.
• Identify the different parts of an HVAC
system.
The process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its
temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet the
requirements of the conditioned space.
Basic Components of Air Conditioning
• Compressor
• Condenser
• Throttling Device
• Evaporator
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVLhrLTF878
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVLhrLTF878
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVLhrLTF878
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVLhrLTF878
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVLhrLTF878
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVLhrLTF878
Types of Air Conditioners
WINDOW AIR-CONDITIONERS
• Most commonly used system for
single rooms.
• A single box houses all the
components. Source:https://matrixappliances.c
• AC unit is fitted in a window sill or om.ph/shop/mx-kc35-1-5hp-
window-type-airconditioner/
slot in the room’s wall that is
specially made for it.
Types of Air Conditioners
SPLIT/DUCTLESS
AIR-CONDITIONERS
• Made up of 2 units: INDOOR &
OUTDOOR UNIT
• INDOOR – Evaporator & Source:https://shopee.ph/Panaso
nic-split-type-aircon-
Cooling Fan i.165182130.6900963392
• OUTDOOR – Compressor,
Expansion Valve & Condenser
Types of Air Conditioners
PORTABLE AIR-CONDITIONERS
• Use mobile AC system placed
on the floor inside the room.
• Discharges exhaust heat
through the exterior wall by
Source:https://learn.compactappl
means of a hose vent. iance.com/portable-vs-window-
air-conditioning/
Types of Air Conditioners
CENTRAL AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS
• Used best for large buildings,
hotels, etc.
• Fitting individual units for each
room of a big building can be
Source:https://www.thespruce.co
very expensive. m/what-are-central-air-
• Central AC System is one of the conditioners-1152645

practical ways for this type of

application.
 What is HVAC?
• Heating
• Ventilation
• Air-conditioning
GOALS OF HVAC
• Control Temperature
• Fresh Air Circulation
• Air Filtration
•Efficient and Economical System Source:https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
• Chiller/Air-conditioner • Linings/Attenuators
• Air-Handling Unit (AHU) • GRDs
• Air Filters • Return Inlets
• Ductwork
• Dampers
• Terminal Units
• Heating Coils
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Chiller/Air-conditioner
•Utilizes heat exchangers and
circulated fluid or gas to cool the
air that is passed through it.
Source:https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Air-Handling Unit (AHU)
•Fan or a blower that moves air
throughout the building’s ductwork

Source:https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Air Filters
•Depending on the requirements of the
occupants and the activities in the building,
various grades of air filters are used in the
system.
•General purpose filters are included in the
air handler itself while more sophisticated Source:https://www.youtube.com
filters such as HEPA filters may be used in /watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ

the downstream ductwork.

 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Ductwork
•Round, square and rectangular
duct work provides a pass for
the conditioned air from the air
handling unit to the Source:https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
environment.
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Dampers
•Consists of one or more blades
which can be used to control the
amount of air flow through a
duct.
Source:https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Terminal Units
•A device that uses an automated
damper to control the amount of air
which is delivered to a room or region.
•The damper is typically controlled by an
electric, pneumatic or digital actuator
Source:https://www.youtube.com
which in turn is regulated by a /watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ

thermostat.
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Heating Coils
•May be installed after a terminal unit
to provide heat on a zone by zone basis.
•It offers an efficient way of providing
heat for those areas that require it and
are controlled by the same thermostat Source:https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
system as the terminal unit.
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Linings/Attenuators
•Used to dampen noise within a
duct.
•Often installed following the
terminal unit to dampen discharge
Source:https://www.youtube.com
noise. /watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
GRDs
•Air from the ductwork enters the
occupied space through grilles,
registers or diffusers often called
GRDs.
•Direct the airflow throughout the
Source:https://www.youtube.com
occupied space in the most efficient /watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ

manner possible.
 PARTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
Return Inlets
•Once air enters a space, it then
circulates through the return
inlets and returns to the air
handling unit.
Source:https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
❖ Thermodynamics 6th Ed. by Faires & Simmang
❖ Thermodynamics, An Engineering Approach 8th Ed. by Cengel &
Boles
❖ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVLhrLTF878
❖ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScVBPAitibQ
• Define indoor air quality.

• Identify IAQ parameters.

• Identify pollutants that affect the IAQ.

• Identify people involve in IAQ.

• Identify ways of controlling and improving

IAQ.
It refers to the good and bad effects of the contents of air
inside a structure on its occupants.

Good IAQ has no unwanted gases or particles in it at

concentrations which will adversely affect someone.

Poor IAQ has gases or particles in excessive concentration

so as to affect the satisfaction or health of occupants.
 Why should you be concerned about the quality of air
that you breath?
• The contaminant indoor air could damage people’s health.
• Indoor air pollutants are among the top five environmental
risk.
• People spend about 90% of their time indoors and so the
health problems that result from exposure to indoor pollution
increases.
• According to World Health Organization (WHO), approx. 30%
of all commercial buildings have significant IAQ problems.
 Indoor Air Quality Parameters
• Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Biological matters
• Chemical samples
• Physical aspects
Sources of Indoor Air Quality Pollutants
• Indoor Sources
• Outdoor Sources
Indoor Air Quality
Pollutants Sources
• Building
• Equipment
o HVAC Equipment
o Other Equipment
• Finishes & Furnitures Source:https://www.researchgate.net/figure/I
• Occupants ndoor-Air-Quality-pollution-Source-Florida-
health-department-
floridahealthgov_fig3_299509501
 Indoor Pollutants – Biological Contaminants
❑ Excessive concentrations of bacteria, viruses, fungi
(molds), dust mites, animal dander, and pollen may
result from:
➢ Inadequate maintenance and housekeeping
➢ Water intrusion
➢ Inadequate humidity control
 Indoor Pollutants – Chemical Contaminants
❑ Sources of chemical pollutants include:
➢ Tobacco smoke
➢ Emissions from products used in the building
(e.g. office equipment, furniture, wall and floor
coverings, and cleaning and consumer
products)
➢ Accidental spill of chemicals
➢ Gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen
dioxide, which are products of combustion.
 Indoor Pollutants – Particles
Particles are solid or liquid substances which are light
enough to be suspended in the air, the largest of which
may be visible in sunbeams streaming into a room.
However, smaller particles that you cannot see are likely
to be more harmful to health. Particles of dust, dirt, or
other substances may be drawn into the building from
outside and can also be produced by activities that occur
in buildings, like sanding wood or drywall, printing,
copying, operating equipment, and smoking.
 Outdoor Air Quality Pollutants Sources
❑ Natural/Environmental
❑ Combustion Sources
✓ Automobiles
✓ Equipment
❑ Odors
 Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
• Condition of a building in which more than 20% of
the occupants are suffering from adverse health
effects but with no clinically diagnosable disease
present.
• It is a condition of a building; not of the occupants
• It takes place due to long term exposure to low
levels of contaminants
 Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms
• Symptoms include eye, nose, and throat irritation,
headache, allergies, and fatigue.
• 20% or more of occupants experience same
symptoms.
• No medically diagnosable symptoms.
• Complaints persists for more than two weeks.
• Symptoms often lessen after person leaves the
building or other areas.
 Person involve in Indoor Air Quality
It is important to be clear on what you or others may
mean when it tackles Indoor Air Quality (IAQ):
1) Engineer – building ventilation rate
2) Architect – the occupant's perception of the
building
3) Microbiologists – level of spores from plants,
moulds, etc.)
4) Hygienist or Toxicologist – the exposure to
specific pollutants
 Proactive approach to Indoor Air Quality
• Understand facility design and operation

• Check HVAC maintenance records and schedules

• Review previous occupant complaints

 Indoor Air Quality Control Mechanisms
• Main control mechanism for IAQ is the HVAC
system.
• Majority of IAQ issues can be resolved through the
following:
1) Maintaining adequate fresh air intake
2) Maintaining thermal comfort parameters
3) Regular maintenance and cleaning of the
HVAC components
 Indoor Air Quality Regulations
• National Health and Medical Research Council
(NHMRC) and National Occupational Health and
Safety Commission (NOHSC)

Indoor Air Quality Improvement

• Improved ventilation codes
• Voluntary reduction of pollutant emissions
• Improved public education
 Common Health Effects of Indoor Contaminants
• Eye, nose and throat irritation
• Coughing and sneezing
• Headaches
• Fatigues
• Irritability
• Allergies, Sinus congestion
• Dizziness
• Difficulty in concentrating
 Why is there are increase in IAQ problems?

• More time indoors

• More chemical pollutants in buildings
• Tighter buildings and reduced ventilation
• Deferred maintenance
 Potential Causes of Indoor Air Quality
• Ventilation rate
• Ventilation system
• Airborne chemical pollution
• Micro-organisms and particulates
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Lighting
• Personal and Organization Factors
 Relationship of IAQ to Productivity

• Costs for care health

• Sick leave
• Diminished performance at work caused by adverse health
• Costs of investigation of occupant complaints
• Thermal comfort and lighting quality
 Building Ventilation
• Purpose – remove or dilute airborne contaminants.
• Supply air – mixture of outside air and re-circulated.

• Components of Building Ventilation:

1. Air intakes, dampers, filters
2. Heating and cooking units, coils, drain pans
3. Ductwork
4. Supply Vents
5. Exhaust Vents and Plenums
 Performance and Maintenance of Ventilation system

• Changing of filters
• Checking correct installation of filters
• Cleaning of Condensate trays and cooling coils
• Checking fan operation and operation of dampers that
influence airflow rates.
 Ventilation measurement may be necessary:

• After significant change in the building and HVAC system.

• When control settings have been re-adjusted.
• When accurate records of the system’s performance are
not available.
 Controls of Indoor Air Quality
IAQ control is applied at the design stage of building
by:
1) Selecting low emission building material
2) Ensuring ventilation
3) Ensuring persists condensation & water
pooling is prevented.
4) Having a plane for operation & maintenance
5) Documenting all above functions for future
review and assessment.
ASK ANY QUESTION RELATED TO
OUR TOPIC FOR TODAY.