Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Web Introduction
Web Introduction
1. INTERNET/WEB PROGRAMMING.................................................................................................................. 1
2. A GOOD WEBSITE DESIGNING TIPS ............................................................................................................ 1
2.1 Simple is beautiful .................................................................................................................................................. 1
2.2 Design is paramount .............................................................................................................................................. 1
2.3 Navigation should be intuitive ............................................................................................................................ 1
2.4 Consistency is key .................................................................................................................................................. 1
2.5 Colors are crucial. ................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.6 Fill the browser window ....................................................................................................................................... 1
2.7 Develop for multiple browsers. .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.8 Check your website for errors. ............................................................................................................................ 2
2.9 Write your own code. ............................................................................................................................................ 2
2.10 Don't forget the content. ....................................................................................................................................... 2
3. TYPES OF WEB SITES ........................................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Static ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3.2 Dynamic .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4. WEB SITE DESIGN TOOLS (FOR THIS COURSE) .................................................................................... 3
4.1 Client Side Technologies ...................................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Server Side Technologies ..................................................................................................................................... 3
5. WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TOOLS(GENERAL) ................................................................. 3
5.1 Technologies ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
5.2 Program Libraries ................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.3 Web Application Frameworks ............................................................................................................................ 4
5.4 Web Application Frameworks - Benefits and Advantages......................................................................... 4
5.5 Coding Guidelines, Standards & Convention ................................................................................................ 4
5.6 Important benefits of using Coding Guidelines ............................................................................................. 4
5.7 Web Applications Lifecycle Model .................................................................................................................. 5
5.8 Web Application Development Process........................................................................................................... 5
5.9 Web Application Testing ...................................................................................................................................... 6
5.10 Trends and Popularity ........................................................................................................................................... 6
5.11 Business Impact ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
1. Internet/web programming
Web programming refers to the writing, markup and coding involved in Web development, which
includes web content, Web client and server scripting and network security. The most common
languages used for web programming are HTML, JavaScript, Perl 5 and PHP. Web programming is
different from just programming, which requires interdisciplinary knowledge on the application area,
client and server scripting, and database technology.
Web programming can be briefly categorized into client and server coding. The client side needs
programming related to accessing data from users and providing information. It also needs to ensure
there are enough plug-ins to enrich user experience in a graphic user interface, including security
measures. To improve user experience and related functionalities on the client side, JavaScript is
usually used. It is an excellent client-side platform for designing and implementing Web applications..
The server side needs programming mostly related to data retrieval, security and performance. Some of
the tools used here include ASP, Lotus Notes, PHP, Java and MySQL. There are certain tools/platforms
that aid in both client- and server-side programming.
1|Page
Introduction to Internet Programming by: Tadesse K.
2.7 Develop for multiple browsers.
Browsers are supposed to render WebPages the same way, but they don't. Therefore, make sure to
check your website on multiple browsers to make sure everything appears correctly. It is best to catch
problems ahead of time instead of relying on visitor complaints.
2|Page
Introduction to Internet Programming by: Tadesse K.
4. Web Site Design Tools (for this course)
4.1 Client Side Technologies
HTML: HTML is a markup language designed to structure information for presentation as web
pages. We write our entire HTML by hand, ensuring that it is clean, valid and of the highest standard.
This means that pages have fastest download times possible, are viewable on all browsers, are search
engine friendly, and have maximum forward compatibility.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): Cascading Style Sheets control how web pages are displayed in the
browser, and allow the separation of presentation from structure and content. CSS helps ensure that
web pages are presented in an accessible way to all visitors, over a wide range of media.
JavaScript: JavaScript is a lightweight scripting technology which is used alongside with HTML
documents to make websites more interactive.
Examples of Web Applications are: Online Banking, Social Networking, Online Reservations,
ecommerce / Shopping Cart Applications, Interactive Games, Online Training, Online Polls, Blogs,
Online Forums, Content Management Systems, etc.
5.1 Technologies
There are two main categories of coding, scripting and programming for creating Web Applications:
I. Client Side Scripting / Coding - Client Side Scripting is the type of code that is executed or
interpreted by browsers. Client Side Scripting is generally viewable by any visitor to a site (from the
view menu click on "View Source" to view the source code). Below are some common Client Side
Scripting technologies:
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
JavaScript
Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
jQuery (JavaScript Framework Library - commonly used in Ajax development)
MooTools (JavaScript Framework Library - commonly used in Ajax development)
Dojo Toolkit (JavaScript Framework Library - commonly used in Ajax development)
3|Page
Introduction to Internet Programming by: Tadesse K.
II. Server Side Scripting / Coding - Server Side Scripting is the type of code that is executed or
interpreted by the web server. Server Side Scripting is not viewable or accessible by any visitor or
general public. Below are the common Server Side Scripting technologies:
PHP (very common Server Side Scripting language - Linux / Unix based Open Source -
free redistribution, usually combines with MySQL database)
Zend Framework (PHP's Object Oriented Web Application Framework)
ASP (Microsoft Web Server (IIS) Scripting language)
ASP.NET (Microsoft's Web Application Framework - successor of ASP)
ColdFusion (Adobe's Web Application Framework)
Ruby on Rails (Ruby programming's Web Application Framework - free redistribution)
Perl (general purpose high-level programming language and Server Side Scripting Language
- free redistribution - lost its popularity to PHP)
Python (general purpose high-level programming language and Server Side Scripting
language - free redistribution)
4|Page
Introduction to Internet Programming by: Tadesse K.
Provides ease of maintainability and version management
Delivers better readability and understanding of the source code
Insures that other developers can understand and become familiar with the code in a short time
Agile Software / Web Application Development is the iterative development process and
development process practices that focus on collaboration of people involved and provide a
better procedure to allow revisions and evolution of web application requirements. Agile
methodology includes research, analysis, project management, design, programming,
implementation, frequent testing, adaptation and maintenance.
5|Page
Introduction to Internet Programming by: Tadesse K.
5.9 Web Application Testing
Testing is an important part of the Web Application Development process. On occasion, testing would
consume more manpower and time than development itself. Below are some of the most common
testing needed for any web application development process:
Quality Assurance and Bug Testing
Multiple Browser Compatibility
Application Security
Performance - Load and Stress Testing
Usability