INTERNSHIP REPORT ON

PAK ELEKTRON LIMITED

SUBMITTED BY
IQRA AIMEN
MBE (2019-2021)
2019-1528

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS EDUCATION

INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION & RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB
LAHORE

MAY 2021
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Internship Completion Certificate

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 Declaration by The Intern

I, Iqra Aimen, hereby declare that the presented report of

internship on Pak Elektron Limited is uniquely prepared by me
after the completion of six weeks’ work at 14 Km Ferozepur Rd,
Gulshan Colony, Lahore, Punjab 54000
I also confirm that the report is only prepared for my academic
requirement, not for any other purpose. It might not be used with
the interest of the opposite party of the corporation.

…………………………….
Iqra Aimen
Student ID: 2019-1528
MBE
Department of Business Education
University of Punjab.

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 Acceptance Certificate

This internship report is presented in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of Master in business education by
Iqra Aimen, Student No. 2019-1528 has been accepted by the
Faculty of the Department of Business Education, Institute of
education & research, University of Punjab:

Chairman/Advisor:

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 Acknowledgment

We bow, beg and pray to Almighty Allah, Rehman-o-Rahim, in the name of our beloved
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) for continued showering of His blessing, guidance,
strength, health, and prosperity to us.
I thanks to Allah Almighty who is the most Beneficent and Merciful. He gives me
courage and strength to complete my internship in time. I dedicate my success to my
Parents whose prayers are always with me.
I also dedicate my work to my all those teachers who encouraged me in every step of
my life and give me enough strength to face the bitter realities of life.
During the period of my internship, I found the staff of Pak Elektron Limited very kind
and cooperative.
They provide me with their full attention and share their practical experience with me.
Especially, I would like to thanks following staff members.

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Executive Summary

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 Contents
Internship Completion Certificate......................................................................................3
Declaration by The Intern..................................................................................................4
Acceptance Certificate.......................................................................................................5
Acknowledgment...............................................................................................................6
Executive Summary...........................................................................................................7
Chapter No. 1..................................................................................................................13
INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION..................................................................13
Introduction to “Saigol Group”......................................................................................13
1.1 Pak Elektron Limited.......................................................................................13
Historical Overview of PEL...........................................................................................14
Mission Statement.....................................................................................................16
Vision Statement.......................................................................................................16
Core Values..............................................................................................................16
Profile of the company..................................................................................................16
1.1 Full name of the company:..............................................................................16
1.2 Type of ownership:..........................................................................................16
1.3 The sector of the company:............................................................................16
1.4 Market Share:..................................................................................................16
1.5 Success and failure of PEL products in the market:.......................................16
1.6 Major Customers of the company:..................................................................18
1.7 Major Competitors of the company:................................................................18
PEL Culture...............................................................................................................21
Number of Employees..................................................................................................22
Organizational Structure...............................................................................................23
1.1. Divisions/departments of the company...........................................................24
a. Appliances Division................................................................................................24
Products of Appliances Division:...............................................................................24
b. Power Division.......................................................................................................26
Products of Power Division.......................................................................................26
Major Departments of PEL...........................................................................................27
Human Resource Department..................................................................................27
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 Finance Department..................................................................................................28
Marketing AD and PD...............................................................................................28
Research and Development.....................................................................................29
Customer Service Center Department......................................................................29
Distribution Department............................................................................................29
Information Technology Department........................................................................30
Procurement Department..........................................................................................30
Manufacturing (PD & AD).........................................................................................30
Maintenance Department..........................................................................................30
Imports Department..................................................................................................30
Export Department....................................................................................................30
Accounts Department...............................................................................................30
Marketing Department..................................................................................................31
Marketing Mix............................................................................................................32
Product......................................................................................................................32
Price..........................................................................................................................32
Place.........................................................................................................................32
Promotion..................................................................................................................32
Finance Department.....................................................................................................33
Ratio Analysis...........................................................................................................33
Liquidity Ratios..........................................................................................................34
ii) Activity Ratio..........................................................................................................34
iii) Solvency Ratio......................................................................................................34
iv) Profitability............................................................................................................34
v) Return on investment............................................................................................34
vi) Market ratios.........................................................................................................34
Chapter No. 2..................................................................................................................35
Internship Activities..........................................................................................................35
Chapter no. 3...................................................................................................................36
Internship Assessment and recommendation.................................................................36
Assessment of the company........................................................................................36
Strengths...................................................................................................................36

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Weaknesses..............................................................................................................37
Opportunities.............................................................................................................37
Threats......................................................................................................................37
Problems...................................................................................................................38

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 Chapter No. 1
INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION
Introduction to “Saigol Group”
In 1948, the Saigol migrated from Calcutta and initiated their business in Lyallpur
(later named to as Faisalabad). The “SAIGOL GROUP” is one of the leading
industrial groups in Pakistan. The Saigol Group belongs to the Saigol Family, which
is an old business family and has contributed a lot towards Pakistan’s industrial
development. Saigol Group remains a leading and forward-looking group and
believes in continuous development and growth. The result is a global business
activity monitored through various offices worldwide. They are serving nation in
diversified business activities in the fields of:

 Saigol Construction
 Gwadar Automotive
 Dairy Development
 Textile industry
 Leather Garments
 Housing Societies
 Education Research Program
 Import and Export
 Oil and Gas

1.1 Pak Elektron Limited

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 Pak Elektron Limited (PEL) is the pioneer manufacturer of electrical goods in
Pakistan. It was established in 1956 in technical collaboration with M/s AEG of
Germany. In October 1978, the Saigol Group of Companies purchased major
shares of Pak Elektron Limited. Since its inception, the company has always been
contributing towards the advancement and development of the engineering sector
in Pakistan by introducing a range of quality electrical equipment and home
appliances and by producing hundreds of engineers, skilled workers and
technicians through its apprenticeship schemes and training programs. At that
juncture, the company was only manufacturing transformers and switchgears.
With the Saigol in management, PEL started expanding its product range by
entering into Air Conditioner manufacturing.

Historical Overview of PEL

PAK ELEKTRON LIMITED was set up in 1956 as a joint venture with one of the largest
and renowned manufacturers of electrical equipment Messer. AEG of West Germany
for manufacturing Transformers, Switchgears and Electric Motors etc. The entire job of
machinery requirements and layout of the factory building was planned and
implemented by AEG who produced very well-balanced facility for the design and
manufacture of the above equipment and the commercial production was commenced
on 22 November 1956.
In 1978, the Saigol Group of Companies purchased major shares of Pak Elektron
Limited. At that juncture, the company was only manufacturing transformers and
switchgears. With the Saigol in management, PEL started expanding its product range
by entering into Air Conditioner manufacturing.
 1956

Incorporation of PEL

 1958

Start of Commercial Production Distribution Transformers and Switch Gear in

Technical Collaboration with AEG Germany

 1981

Manufacturing of Air Conditioner with Assistance of Fujitsu, Japan

 1987

Manufacturing of Refrigerators & Deep Freezer in Technical Collaboration With

IAR-SILTAL & ARISTON of Italy

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 1988

 Listing with All of Stock Exchanges

 Acquired License to Manufacture VCBs From Hitachi Japan

 1992
Started Production of Energy Meters under The License from ABB USA
 1994
Quality Management System Certification for Energy Meters ISO 9001 By SGS
 1997
Acquire Technology from Carrier USA to Manufacture Air Conditioners
 2000
Lunching of New Crystal Series Refrigerator under Technical Collaboration of
Danfoss Germany
 2004
Acquired Technology from GANZ Hungry to Produce Power Transformers
 2006
Formal Start of EPC Business Segment of The Company
 2009

4th CSR National Excellence Awards

6th Annual Environmental Excellence Award Export of Power Transformers

 2010
Inauguration of New Distribution Transformer Factory by Prime Minister of
Pakistan Under Technical Assistance from Pauwels, Belgium.
 2011

Lunching of New Desire Series Refrigerators

Pre-Qualification with Saudi Electrical Company

 2012
Lunch of New Arctic Series Refrigerators with New Aesthetics
 2013
Successful Commissioning Of 220 KV GIS Shalimar Grid Station worth Rs.1.3
billion
 2014
Lunching of New Glass Door Refrigerator with New Aesthetics

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Mission Statement
To provide quality products and services to the complete satisfaction of our customers
and maximize returns for all stakeholders through optimal use of resources. To promote
good governance, corporate values and safe working environment with strong sense of
social responsibility.

Vision Statement
To excel in providing engineering goods and services through continuous improvement.

Core Values
 Our customer as our first priority
 Profitability for the prosperity of our stakeholders that allows us to constantly
invest, improve & succeed.
 Corporate Social responsibility to enrich the Lives of community where we
operate.
 Recognition & reward for the talented & high performing employees.
 Excellence in everything we do.
 Integrity in all our dealings.
 Respect for our customers and each other

Profile of the company

1.1 Full name of the company:
 Registered name of the company is Pak Elektron Limited.

1.2 Type of ownership:

 It is PLC (Public Limited Company).

1.3 The sector of the company:

 Pak Elektron Limited is a manufacturing (production) company.

1.4 Market Share:

 It has the third highest market share in refrigerators in Pakistan, with its
PEL brand of white goods commanding a 22% share. It also has the third
highest share of the deep freezer market at 18%.

1.5 Success and failure of PEL products in the market:

 PEL is one of the companies, which has a strong grip in the home
appliance i.e., WRAC, Refrigerators, microwave Owen etc. that is a
strong point for the company. After Dawlance refrigerators PEL has a
second position in refrigerators market.

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 PEL is a market leader in WRAC. The window room air conditioner is
more demanded by the customers than its competitor’s air conditioners
because it has more durability in operating systems and cools the room in
few minutes.

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1.6 Major Customers of the company:
 For appliances, its customers are middle and elite class. But it can be varied
product to product. Now company is planning to increase its market share by
minimizing its profit. As the result, PEL, s product would be at the range of
lower class too.

1.7 Major Competitors of the company:

 Direct Competitors
The direct competitors of PEL are:
 Dawlance
 Waves
 LG
 Haier
The Dawlance is market leader in the refrigerator and PEL is still on second
number. But in window room air conditioner (WRAC) the PEL is market leader.

 Indirect Competitors:
The indirect competitors for PEL in this industry are:
 Samsung,

 Orient,

 Mitsubishi,

 Sogo

 Nobel

 Others Chinese brands

Division of Labor
In Pak Elektron Limited (PEL), two types of employees hired

Temporary Workers
When there is season of production and PEL needs more labor force so it contracts
with labors on temporary basis. On this basis they manage the production to be
completed before delivery time. There is usually the six months’ contract for
temporary workers. There are no special skills required for these persons as they
are just told by other labors to do only assigned task that just require time and hard
work but not technical in nature.

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Permanent Workers
There are different teams of labors referred as permanent labors. each team is led
by group leader. Permanent staff is skilled staff they are masters in doing their
tasks. The task is assigned to the team leaders and he assists other in doing the
task. As when we visit to the production of refrigerators it was the sequential
process so different teams in different sections may be called as phases of fridges
were aligned in a row form doing their task sequentially. This led to the strong team
work and good production strategy that ensure quality of products.

ISO 9001
PEL was 16th Company in Pakistan, which got ISO 9002 Certification in 1997, since,
and then PEL Management is applying this International Standard Practices for
Effectively Managing Quality of Products and Services that Company Offers. The
International Standard Practices in PEL have been upgraded as per the Revised ISO
9001 Standards and its Scope of Application is expanding ever since and Top
Management is committed to make PEL a Total Quality Management (TQM) Company.

Accounting Standard in PEL

It is the responsibility of the Company's management to establish and maintain a
system of internal control, and prepare and present the above said statements in
conformity with the approved accounting standards and the requirements of the
Companies Ordinance 1984.
Zakat was deductible at source under the Zakat and Usher Ordinance, 1980 (XVIII of
1980.).
IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statement:
Financial statements are made according of IAS 1 financial statement discuss about
presentation of currency, unit and date of financial statement.

IAS 2 Inventories:
Inventories are record according to IAS 2 and Lower cost market value of inventory.

IAS 5 Cash Flow:

Cash flow prepare according to IAS 5 operating, investing and financing activities are
clearly mentioned.

IAS 12 Taxes:
Deferred income taxes are calculating record according to IAS 12 of Income taxes.

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IAS 16 Overall valuation policy:
Purchase of fixed asset, calculation of depreciation and disposal according to IAS 16.

IAS18 Revenue:
Recognize of revenue according to IAS 18.

IAS 23 Capitalization of borrowing cost:

Borrowing cost and calculates measure at IAS 23.

IAS 37 Provision, contingent liabilities and contingent assets:

Provision, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are recognizing according to IAS
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International Presence
PEL exports to customers in following countries and has continued focus on expanding
presence in international market
 Tanzania

 Kazakhstan

 Bangladesh

 Nepal

 Kenya

 Qatar

 Afghanistan

 Zimbabwe

 Yemen

 Greece

 Swaziland

 Saudi Arabia

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PEL Culture
In Pel Quality is the Subject of Management at all Levels. The focus on continuous
improvement in their Systems thus establishing Good Management Practices, they are
committed to and making continuous efforts in developing and strengthening their
internal and external customers and suppliers. Employee’s training & development and
their participation are the KEY forces which are increasing our Organization's
Capabilities thus making it more competitive and fast-growing Company.
Top management is not only tremendously improving their Working Environment but
also investing in improving internal Communication Network for better Teamwork.
Continuous Up-gradation in production facility/equipment in the pursuit of State-of-the-
art production technology reflects management Vision and commitment for Quality.
Over fifty years of manufacturing experience with cooperative and dedicated employees
coupled with performance-based system and Data Analysis enable management to take
Preventive Actions before things really go wrong.
One of the Mission of organization is to promote good governance and corporate values
with a strong sense of social responsibility.

Number of Employees

Chairman BOD

Executives

Managers

Workers (5616)
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 Organizational Structure

Chairman

Managing
Director

Director Marketing &

Sales Appliances
Division

Manager Manager
Manager
FINANCE MARKETI Manage MANAGE MANAGE
MANUFACTURI
NG POWER NG r QC R HR RR&D
DIVISION

GM
GM MARKETING
MANUFACTURIN
APPLIANCES
G APPLIANCES
DIVISION
DIVISION

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1.1. Divisions/departments of the company
Pel’s Divisions
The company comprises of two divisions:
a. Appliances Division
 In 1981, PEL window type air conditioners were introduce in technical
collaboration with general corporation of Japan.
 In 1986-87, company started manufacturing of refrigerators in technical
collaboration with M/s IAR-SILTAL of Italy.
 In 1987, PEL deep freezers are also introduced with technical collaboration
with M/s Ariston of Italy.
 In 2006, the company start manufacturing of split type air conditioners.
 Today PEL has become a household name. its products are not only in
demand in local market but the company has also start exporting its
appliances to foreign markets.

Products of Appliances Division:

Refrigerators
Pel refrigerators are available in six series of different colors, models, prices and
capacities. The series are as follows:

 Xprssion Series
 Premier Series
 6-Series
 Delux Series
 Smart Series
 Mini Series

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 Air Conditioners
The air conditioners are available in three types:
1. Split air conditioner
2. Window air conditioner
3. Floor standing air conditioner

Split Air Conditioners

Pel presents cool life split AC which is a technologically advanced model especially designed for
Pakistani market. The air conditioners are available in the different models, colors, capacities
and prices. Split air conditioners are available in three capacities:

 1 ton
 1.5 ton
 2 ton

Window air conditioners

Pel present cool life split AC which is technologically advanced model especially designed for
Pakistani market. The window ACs are available in capacity of 1.5 and 2 ton, and with manual
and remote-control function.

Floor standing air conditioners

Pel present cool life split AC which is technologically advanced model especially designed for
Pakistani market. The floor standing air conditioner available in the three capacities and models:

 FS 600-5 ton
 FS 480-4 ton
 FS 300- 2.5 ton

Pel Microwave Oven

Pel the trustful company in home appliances all over the country, now introduce al new
models of “pel Silverline” Microwave ovens. Now pel customers can have different
models of pel microwave ovens in which they can enjoy the grilling feature as well. Pel
microwave oven also available in different colors, sizes & inner cavities. Cook, bake,
roast or grill with the all new pel microwave.

Washing Machines
Magic clean PWM7700
The pel semi-automatic luxury wash-7700-N equipped with Japanese technology has a
100% rust proof plastic body. It can handle heavy loads and has quick spin dry.

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Magic clean PWM512
The pel econo wash 512 is made from Japanese technology with 100% rust and shock
proof unbreakable plastic body with the capacity of 10 Kg. It is top load with powerful
motor that provides a brighter wash and has a build in energy saver that gives you
excellent energy efficiency.

Water Dispensers
Water dispensers are a welcome addition to pel range of home appliances. Pel’s
Silverline and life-stream water dispensers make life a little easier and fridge space a bit
more plentiful. While cold water refreshes your mood in burning summer. Hot water on
demand is great in the office for packets of soup, instant coffee and tea.

Generators
Pel presents generators for domestic and commercial use. Pel generators are available
in diesel and petrol in four capacities:
1. 1.1 KVA Generators
2. 2.5 KVA Generators
3. 3.3 KVA Generators
4. 5.2 KVA Generators

b. Power Division
Pel has founded in 1956 and has since been serving the power utilities,
industries, individual customers, housing and commercial projects by providing
reliable, customize and cost-effective solutions. Pel is now technology forerunner
and market leader in providing new products and services to meet ever changing
and technology intensive needs of its customers. Pel’s EPC contracting division
delivers customers designed and built HV and EHV gird stations, electrifications
of housing projects, industrial parks and optimum solutions for power utilization to
all kinds of industries and commercial customers.
Pel power division is one of the major electrical equipment suppliers to WAPDA
& KESC. Since 1956 the company manufacture transformers, energy meters,
switchgears, kiosks, compact stations and shunt capacitor banks.

Products of Power Division

The power division of pel has following products:
 EPC Contracting
 Power transformer
 Distribution transformer
 Dry type transformer
 Energy meter
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  Switch gear
 Transformer services

Major Departments of PEL

Every department has its own role and serving either one or both power and appliance
division. Some brief notes on the major departments that are directly link with these
divisions are given below:
1. Human Resource Department,
2. Finance Department
3. Research and Development
4. Customer Service Center Department
5. Distribution Department
6. Information Department
7. Procurement Department
8. Manufacturing (PD & AD)
9. Maintenance Department
10. Imports Department
11. Export Department
12. Marketing (AD & PD)
13. Accounts Department

Human Resource Department

Major tasks of human resource departments are recruitment, selection, orientation and
training of employees. They are responsible for recruiting employees for both divisions
along with their salary packages incentives promotions transfers according their
performance, experience, qualification etc. they take into accounts the needs of their
personnel as the human resource are the only tool in the hand of business man. So,
they make such environment to make fell their employees they are working in the
friendly environment. This is also the mission of the PEL the personal development of
the employees to meet the future goals and challenges. So, it is only possible when
employees have the right to share their opinions, suggestions, problems and needs to
their managers. PEL is working on many projects.

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 HR Manager

Assistant HR
Manager

Executive HR
Manager

Finance Department
Finance department provide money for the working of the organization. PEL Company’s
department borrows loan mainly from national bank and settle terms and conditioned of
the interest and time period of returning the load with it. When the sale is made the
company firstly returns the loan with interest. Functions of finance department are:

 Preparation of Budget
 Control of expenditure
 Audit
 Treasury Administration
 Administration of Taxes
 Contract, recovery and refund of revenue
 Arrange monetary resources
 Allocate resources
 Deals with Banks, investment firms and modarabas.

Hierarchy of common finance department:

Manager Assistant Manager Executive Manager Finance

Finance Finance

Marketing AD and PD
Marketing department is main nerve of any organization as far as pel is concerned. This
department consists of 15 employees and head of this department reports to director
operations. The marketing department is responsible for creating meaningful massages

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through words, ideas, images and names that deliver upon the benefits on organization
wishes to make with its customers.

Research and Development

This is the most important department regarding the future of company as a market
leader this department is constantly in-touch with market to know about customer
preferences and specification for products. After thorough analysis of customer
expectations this department then gives its recommendations to the top management to
being changes in the product for market success. This department conducts surveys in
market to get information.

Customer Service Center Department

CSD is a customer service department under the marketing head. Where the after-sale
service is provided to satisfy customers having problem in appliances. PEL is well
known for their customer care service. This department is very much important for the
company because it makes the good will of the company. It provides services to the
customers who have their clams and makes the customer loyal. It’s also gives the
feedback to the head office to provide the required spare parts.

Distribution Department
This department distributes the final products from the production department to the
dealers and then ultimately to the consumers. This department only responsible for
distributing the products according to the requirement and demand of the product.

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Information Technology Department
This era is of IT, without giving importance to IT no organization can succeed. They are
working very hard to improve all system. After updating “MIS” system and “Oracle” they
become more efficient and effective.
IT department’s key responsibilities are as follows:
 Troubleshooting and problems facing in computers
 Installing and deletion of software
 Developed and maintain internal work
 Developed and maintain domain of each person working in organization
 Hardware and all software issues
Procurement Department
Buying is one of the most important department, it purchases all raw material which is
used in production process. Pel has state of the art methods of production and they also
outsource the products and raw material not only from Pakistan but also from foreign
countries. So, of this purpose PEL has two different departments:

 Local Procurement
 Foreign Procurement

Manufacturing (PD & AD)

All the manufacturing concerns aspects controlled by this department.

Maintenance Department
The main purpose of this department is to ensure quality and maintenance of
machinery.
Imports Department
All imported materials are controlled by import department. They also have all
knowledge about their important importers and the products they imported.
Export Department
This department controls and deals all exports to other countries, i.e., Bangladesh,
Afghanistan and few other countries of Africa.
Accounts Department
Pak Elektron has a big accounts department that records daily transactions of both
appliances and power division that prepares financial statements such as Balance
sheets, Income Statements, Cash Flow Statements, etc.

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 Marketing Department
Marketing strategies of the company:

Direct Marketing Channel:

It’s a marketing channel that has a no intermediary level.   PEL’s power division uses
this type of channels.  Its major clients are large organizations and not the end user. 
So, people from these organization directly contact PEL’s marketing department of
power division when tenders are flooded, design, specification and price are discussed. 

Indirect Marketing Channel:

It is a marketing channel containing one or more intermediary levels.  PEL’s appliances
division works this way.  These products are sold through authorized dealer shops or
PEL’s own outlets.

PROMOTION MIX
Advertisement performs key objectives in any company or an organization growth. This
is quiet necessary part of an organization. In past, there were no such resources to
convey our messages to others but with the passage of time everything changed.
Today, we can express our demands and needs. Presently, there many mean to
promote a product through internet, media, advertisement etc. Pak Electron Limited
uses advertising personal selling, sales promotion and public relations to pursue its
advertising and marketing objectives.

Appliances Division
 To achieve the sales objectives

 To increase recall

 To restore the message in the customer mind.

 PEL has different Advertising messages for different products.

Media for Advertising

There are three types of media on which advertisement are given:

Electronic Media
In the electronic media, there are many entertainments, business channels where PEL
Company do advertisement. Some of the channels are

 PTV

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  ARY

 Geo TV

 STN

 PTV World

Print Media
Print media is also very important in advertisement field. Today, there are many
newspapers, magazines and periodicals available where PEL do advertisement.

Out-Door Media
 Normal Boarding

 Neo-signs

Marketing Mix
Marketing mix consists of four P’s, which are:
 Product
 Price
 Place
 Promotion

Product
The products of Pel are durable, good quality, latest designs with after sales service.
Pel offers several models of its refrigerator and air conditioners and dozens of optional
features. The products of pel come fully serviced and with a comprehensive warranty
that is as much a part of the product.

Price
Price is only element in marketing mix which generates revenue for the company. Pel
calculates suggested retail prices that its dealer charge from the customers. The prices
of Pel products are reasonable and attract middle class consumers in the market.

Place
Place includes company activities that make the product available to target customers.
Pel has a strong network of dealers throughout the country. Pel has indirect marketing
channel in customer market and contain one intermediatory level of retailers.

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Promotion
Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade
target customers to buy it. Pel has lack of advertising through print media due to the
financial restrictions. Pel involved a “push strategy” which involve pushing the product
through marketing channel to final consumer.

Finance Department
Ratio Analysis
A traditional financial statement analysis tool is financial ratios.
These ratios take information from the company’s quos financial
statements and calculate economic indicators for comparison to
another company or the industry standard. Financial ratios include
liquidity, asset turnover, financial leverage and profitability
calculations. Liquidity ratios calculate the company’s quo’s ability
to meet short-term financial obligations. Asset Turnover ratios
indicate how well the company uses its assets to generate profits.
Financial leverage ratios calculate the long-term solvency of a
company. Profitability ratios help companies determine how much
profit they are generating from the sale of various goods or
services. The Balance Sheet and the Statement of Income are
essential, but they are only the starting point for successful
financial management. Apply Ratio Analysis to Financial
Statements to analyze the success, failure, and progress of your
business. Ratio Analysis enables the business owner/manager to
spot trends in a business and to compare its performance and
condition with the average performance of similar businesses in
the same industry. To do this compare your ratios with the
average of businesses similar to yours and compare your own
ratios for several successive years, watching especially for any
unfavorable trends that may be starting. Ratio analysis may
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provide the all-important early warning indications that allow you
to solve your business problems before your business is
destroyed by them.
Liquidity Ratios
a) Current Ratio
b) Quick Ratio
ii) Activity Ratio
a) Inventory turnover Ratio
b) Average collection period
c) Average payment period
d) Operating cycle
e) Total asset turnover Ratio
f) Fixed asset turnover Ratio
g) Working capital
iii) Solvency Ratio
a) Debt Ratio
b) Times Interest Earned Ratio
iv) Profitability
a) G.P Margin
b) Operating Profit Margin
c) Net Profit Margin
v) Return on investment
a) Return on Common Equity
b) Return on Assets
vi) Market ratios
a) Earnings Per Share
b) Price/Earnings Ratio
c) Market/Book Ratio
d) Earnings Per Share
i) Liquidity Ratios
Liquidity is the degree to which an asset or security can be bought or sold in the market
without affecting the asset's price. Liquidity is characterized by a high level
of trading activity. Assets that can be easily bought or sold are known as liquid assets.
The liquidity analysis can be done with the following ratios:

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 a) Current Ratio
b) Acid-test / Quick Ratio
a) Current Ratio
The current ratio is an indication of a firm's market liquidity and ability to meet creditor's
demands. Acceptable current ratios vary from industry to industry and are generally
between 1.5 and 3 for healthy businesses. If a company's current ratio is in this range,
then it generally indicates good short-term financial strength.
Formula
Current Assets
Current Ratio=
Current Liabilities
Calculation

Items 2019 2018

Millions Millions
Current assets 26469042 28347536

Current liabilities 15012035 21820244

Current Ratio 1.763 1.299

Chapter No. 2
Internship Activities

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 Chapter no. 3
Internship Assessment and recommendation
Assessment of the company
 General assessment about the company/employees/culture
 Swot analysis of the company
The rapid changes in governments will become threats for the companies because
every government adopts its own policies for the industries. So, it increases the
uncertainty for the investors who want to invest heavy amount in their new projects.
That’s become the major threat for the companies and decreases the profitability.
SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning method which is used to evaluate the
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a
business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or
project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and
unfavorable to achieving that objective.

Strengths
PEL has the following strengths and is in more competitive position in these areas than
its competitors. Following are the main strong points of PEL:

 Strong brand image

 Strong dealer network
 Strong quality, sale and service
 Market leader in WRAC
 Number 2 in refrigerators in Pakistan
 Strong grip in home appliances
 Strong Management
 Distribution of Authority
 Strong research and development department
 Free customer service
 Latest Technologies
 Excellent labor skills to execute Power Division orders
 Focused Research and Development strategy

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Weaknesses
Like other companies PEL has some weaknesses in operating the business. If PEL tries
to overcome on these weaknesses then it can become a market leader in the home
appliance. PEL loses some competitive edge in the following points:

 Lack of advertisement
 System variations
 Lack of Product range
 Less Utilization of capacity
 Financial Problems
Opportunities
For PEL, there are more opportunities for expansion of business. If PEL realizes the
opportunities, then it will be more fruitful and profitable for the company. Even if
company does not take advantage of these opportunities, then it will lose its competitive
position and high profit. Its competitors will give PEL tough time to pursue the
opportunities that are adopted by them. Following are the opportunities for PEL:
 Exploration of market in Pakistan
 Increase in product range
 Export opportunity
 Increase in production capacity
 Government has plans to upgrade existing electricity infrastructure resulting into
more orders for Power Division
 Local industry preferential protection in international tenders
 Appliance’s market is showing growth
Threats
PEL Company has many threats as well. These threats are for the present situations
and future. Company should make its policies and strategies according to these threats.
So, following are the main threats for PEL:
 Strong competition
 China’s product introduction in the market
 Price war
 Slow growth rate in Pakistan
 Instability of government
 Tax department
 World Trade Organization
 Investors
 Availability of timely working capital
 Law and order situation and political disturbance in the country

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  Dependence on WAPDA/ DISCOs Financial health
 Devaluation of Pak Rupee
 Change in regulatory framework

PESTLE Analysis
Political environment
Pakistan is facing the situation of great political instability and uncertainty since last
couple of years. According to the economist survey Pakistan is at the 11th number of
top most vulnerable countries of the world. Due to this position business activities in
Pakistan are adversely affected. The foreign direct investment has also decreased
dramatically due to current insecurity. The government has decided to increase the
minimum wage rate of workers which increases the cost of production and inflation.
There are few incentives to the manufacture of Pakistan by the government as compare
to upcoming giants of China. The cost of manufacturing is high due to electricity rate
and overheads. So, most of the time, manufacturers hesitate to do manufacturing in
Pakistan and prefer to import finished goods.

Economic environment
Due to global environment, economic crises, Pakistan is also facing a lot of problems.
Although Pakistan’s economy is not directly hit by the crises yet the economic situation
is severe in Pakistan. In Pakistan there is a strong black economy due to the circulation
of black money illegal business like smuggling. Economists are expecting better
condition for Pakistan’s economy due to the loan of IMF. The consumers in Pakistan are
spending most of their income of food and basic needs of life.

Social Environment
Now a day’s people are becoming more price conscious due to inflation and crises of
Pakistan. Now consumer prefers the split air conditioner over window air conditioner
because split ACs are considered as energy savers. That is why window ACs are
almost obsolete because of high consumption and split ACs are becoming more popular
because of low electricity. In countries like Pakistan, the usage of air conditioner is great
because of extended summer season of nearly 8 months. In Pakistan, air conditioners
are used for middle and upper class. The company is becoming more socially
responsible these days as it has introduced CFC free refrigerant, anti-bacterial and dust
filter. These people in Pakistan have started considering spilt air conditioner as a status
symbol and feel disgraced if split unit is installed in every room in their house. That is
why people purchase home appliances on installment from the dealers.

Technological environment
With the introduction of spilt air conditioner, it made the air conditioner more affordable
and easier to install and maintain. The efficiency of air conditioner depends upon its
outer unit. The bigger is the outer unit the more efficient will its inner unit. In split air

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conditioner, the rotator compressors are used which are soundless and do not heat up
in extreme situation. Companies are introducing refrigerator with cool bank which
remain working for 5 hours even after switch off. The multinational companies are using
information technology to coordinate and communicate within companies as well as 68
extreme parties. The electronic management system is also used to reduce the cost of
handling the inventory order.

Legal
Legal factors include description law, employment law, and earth and safety. These
factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products.

Environmental Analysis
Environmental factors include environmental aspects such as weather, climate, which
may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore,
growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how
companies operate and the products they offer, both creating new markets and
diminishing or destroying existing ones.

Problems
Main problem I have found in this company is that it has communication barriers among
departments. If PEL is a team; departments are its players, they need to work as one
unit rather than working in their own capacity.

Lack Of Advertisement:
PEL does not focus on advertisement while its competitors are focusing on this part.

Lack Of Co-Ordination:
There is lack of co-ordination between the departments. Every department has concern
with its own matters not with the whole company.

Lack Of Product Range:

Competitors are offering the products at a wide range in terms of different sizes and
colors while PEL has limited offerings in terms of different sizes and colors.

Lack Of Well Qualified Staff:

In some sections highly qualified person is a subordinate of less qualified person. There
is too much favoritism in PEL.

Recommendations for the company

After looking into different weaknesses and future threats I recommend the following
steps to PAK Elektron Limited in order to cope with future problems:
 PEL must introduce a true decentralize setup in the organization, giving everyone
some grounds for decision making, increase employee’s involvement in day-to-
day planning and retain back the morale plus satisfaction of the employees.

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 PEL should also consider the importance of Advertisement for its microwaves
and Splits, which plays an important role in increasing awareness, customer
preferences and in maximizing market share. It should also use some
promotional tools like organizing shows, schemes, gifts, etc.
 The company must have a monitoring and inspection Network in order to
minimize the mis-utilization of the resources by the employees and verify the
data accuracy gathered by them.
 PEL should ensure equal incentives to all the distributors in order to increase
their willingness to offer more shelf space to the company.
 PEL should also take care of the Economic, Political Factors such as inflation,
Government Policies while projecting the Cost of Production for future because
this will help the company in entering into a fixed price contracts for the
purchases of material at a single time similarly than it will be able to charge
stable prices to its customer.
 PEL's website needs to be updated more frequently and it could contain more
'attractors' so that people will visit and stay on the website for longer periods of
time. PEL in house website www.pelgroup.com.pk on the other hand, is more
tastefully made.
 As brand name is very important factor in consumer buying behavior, thus it is
advised that PEL should work on the brand image. It already has a strong brand
name but it has more to do, mainly through advertising, to compete with its direct
competitors and other international brands.
 The company must add more features to their products. People are attracted
towards a product with unique features and something that would make the
customers feel that they have got their money’s worth.
 The company takes measures to improve the quality of their products. Thus, the
company is advised to take steps towards improving the quality of its products
and cosmetic features; otherwise, it will lose a lot of potential customers.
 PEL must have to cut down on the high margins to the dealers and give more
incentives to the consumers to better compete in the market.
 PEL should focus on electronic media to get competitive advantage over its
competitors. They have to increase their advertising expenditures.
 Introduction of seasonal schemes can help in boosting sales.
 They should develop cost saving strategies; this can increase its revenues.

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Assessment of the process of the internship preparation at
department of business education
I want to thanks my all teachers who sent me to the internship and gave the opportunity
to learnt practical things that is different from academic activities. I specially thanks to
Dr. Ahmed Sohail Lodhi who guided us.
 Dr. Ahmed Sohail Lodhi first gave material relevant internship report. He gives us
internship instructions format in google classroom.
 Then he had class with us for orientation of internship before the start of
internship.
 In orientation Dr. Ahmed Sohail Lodhi gave us lecture and guided about the
internship report format.
 Dr. Ahmed Sohail Lodhi told us about when to start internship.
 Dr. Ahmed Sohail Lodhi described each point of internship format which helped
us a lot.
 During orientation they told us about political issues and they told us to maintain
ethics in company that was also great help for us.
 Dr. Ahmed Sohail Lodhi provide us internship format in google class room which
is very helpful for our report writing and for internship report format.
 But we had to submit report before the time of ending date of internship.
 And we had to give viva before the internship ending date.

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