TRANSIMISSION

ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY

PRESENTOR: M.HAMZA KHAN

ME-20215
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
► INTRODUCTION

► Construction

► Working Principle

► The Electron Gun And Condenser System

► TEM Applications

► Advantages and Disadvantages

INTRODUCTION

Transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

are microscopes that use a particle beam
of electrons to visualize specimens and
generate a highly-magnified image. TEMs
can magnify objects up to 2 million times.
In order to get a better idea of just how
small that is, think of how small a cell is.
 CONSTRUCTION
►Electron Gun

►Magnetic condensing lens to condense the electrons and to

adjust the spot size of the electron

►The specimen is placed in between the condensing lens and

the objective lens.

►The magnetic objective lens to block the high angle

diffracted beam

► Aperture uses for improvement th contrast of image

►The magnetic projector lens- to achieve higher magnification

►Fluorescent (Phosphor) screen-To record the image.

 WORKING
• Electron is emitted by thermionic emission.

• High voltage applied to these electron beams to accelerate their speed.

• A condenser lens with a high aperture eliminates all the high angle electrons
and focused all the electron beams into a thin small beam.

•The high-speed electron beams are now transmitted through the specimen.

•Then objective lens is used to focused of transmission electron into an image

• The vaccine chamber of TEM prevents the collide of electrons with the gas
atoms.

• In the lase electron beams are projected on to a phosphorescent screen,

which creates image of the specimen.

• All the images are captured by a charge coupled device (CCD) camera,
which is located underneath the screen.
 THE ELECTRON GUN
The electron gun produces a beam of electrons whose kinetic energy is high
enough to allow them to pass through thin area of the TEM specimen. The
Gun consists of a electron source, cathode and an electron accelerating
region. -There are several types of electron source, each operating on a
different physical principle are
1. Tungsten Cathode
2. Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) Cathode
3. Field Emission Gun

CONDENSER SYSTEM

The first condenser lens is a strong magnetic lens, de-magnifies the crossover
to give a smaller point source-spot size.

The second condenser C2 lens is a weak magnetic lens is used to either

converge or spread the beam of illumination on the sample.

A condenser aperture is placed in the beam path to remove electrons far from
the optic axis which would reduce resolution. The smaller the aperture the
better the resolution.
TEM APPLICATIONS

The application of transmission electron

microscopy are.
Technology based companies use TEMs to identify
► flaws, fractures and damages to micro-sized objects;
this data can help fix problems and/or help to make a
more durable, efficient product.

TEMs can be used in semiconductor analysis and

► the production and manufacture of computer and
silicon chips

► Colleges and universities can utilize TEMs for

research and studies.
 ADVANTAGES
Powerful magnification. It can
produce magnification as high
as 1,00,000 times as that of the
size of the object.
Images are high-quality and
detailed.
They are easy to operate with proper
training
DISADVANTAGES
Large and very expensive.
Laborious sample preparation.
TEM require special housing and
maintenance.
Samples are limited to those
that are electron transparent(for
limited object)
THANK YOU