Volume-04 ISSN: 2455-3085 (Online)

Issue-03 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary

March-2019 www.rrjournals.com[UGC Listed Journal]

A Recent Survey of Mathematical Modeling on any Real Time Applications

*1 2
Bobhate Grishma & Sethi Sonali
1
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering and RMD Sinhgad School of
Engineering, Warje, Pune (India)
2
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering and NBN Sinhgad School of
Engineering, Ambegaon, Pune (India)

ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT

Article History
Published Online: 13 March2019
Keywords
Mathematical Modeling, statistical
calculations, scientific computation,
simulations, big data, natural
phenomena, technology
*
Corresponding Author
Email: grish61289[at]gmail.com
Science and Engineering fields are totally depending on the concepts of mathematics.
Mathematics is a daily need of life. Modeling is an activity used to study the representation
of the objects, behaviors and its nature. This can be achieved by drawing formulas,
statistical calculations and applied in numerical task. For this purpose exact and accuracy is
necessary for obtaining the correct result from the system and leads to Mathematical
modeling. There aims to describe the distinguish parameters from the real world,
interactions involved in it into the mathematics. The major key role played by the
mathematical modeling in science and various engineering domains. General rules divide
the mathematical terms into categories for achieving the absolute value to the system. Their
contribution grows more beneficial to the scientific computation of the complex system.
Hence engineers and scientist extensively used mathematical modeling for defining the
equations and advancement in the technology. With the help of mathematical modeling,
simulations can be carried out easily for extraction purpose, analyzing the big data and
recognizing the natural phenomena. In this paper, importance and need of the mathematical
modeling are explained. List of various applications of mathematical modeling are
introduced with continuing research work.

1. Introduction to Mathematical Model  Controlling pollution due to vehicles

Mathematical model [2] is a concept defines the
mathematical calculations and formulations with the real life
situations. It is the representation in mathematical terms of the
behavior of real devices and objects. Technical, ecological,
economic and other types of system examined by modern
science cannot be studied systemically using basic theoretical
methods. Direct observation of methodology in nature is time
consuming and impossible to design. Therefore, Mathematical
model describes the scientific and statistical approach to solve
the problems specification in a constructive manner
Real Mathematic Solution
life al to the
proble formulations problems
ms
Figure1: Representation of Mathematical Model
A mathematical model is an intellectual concept that uses
mathematical equations and formulas to describe the physical
activity of the system. Mathematical models [4] can be
describes particularly in the natural sciences and engineering
fields such as physics, biology, and electrical engineering;
physicists, engineers, computer scientists, and economists
majorly in social sciences such as economics, sociology,
psychology and political science; use mathematical models
more precisely.
Mathematical models are used at several real-time projects
such as:
 Launching a satellite.
 Predicting the arrival of the monsoon.
 Reducing traffic jams in big cities.
1.1 Why do we need Mathematical modeling?
Mathematical modeling is the type of transforming
problems from an application area into Systematic
mathematical calculations whose theoretical and numerical
analysis provides meaningful solutions and guidance useful for
the originating application [5].
In mathematical modeling, beliefs are converted into the
language of mathematics. This has many advantages
1. Mathematics is a very precise language. This provides
the formulation of ideas and identifies underlying
assumptions.
2. Mathematics is an informative language, with well-
defined arithmetic rules and calculations for
manipulations.
3. All the results that mathematicians have proven over
many years are at our disposal.
4. Computers are often accustomed perform numerical
calculations.
Since the modeling of devices and phenomena [1] is
crucial to each engineering and science, engineers and
scientists performs experimental research for doing
mathematical modeling. In addition, engineers, scientists, and
mathematicians want to share experience and the perfect
combination of formulating and solving mathematical problems.
In terms of definition, the scientific approach of
mathematical models design into two worlds: real world and
conceptual world. In real world [11], various extra ordinary

RRIJM 2015, All Rights Reserved 480 | P a g e

 Volume-04, Issue-03,March-2019
occurrences and behaviors are existing created by either nature
or human beings. But in case of the conceptual world, where
analysis and assumptions takes place a major role to achieve
the accuracy of the system. This can be done by observation,
designing and interpretations.
Basic observation deals with the model that determines
real world problem in accordance with empirical data and
artifacts which simply sheds light on the discourse. Those
observations are may be direct or indirect way example direct
method experiences human behavior whereas indirect method
calculated by manmade efforts.
Figure 2: Scientific approach between real world and conceptual
world
Mathematical model must have a powerful connection with
mathematics. This mathematical theory is used to design the
formula or working structure of the system. Therefore analysis
plays crucial parts for conceptual world in which observations
are analyzed with models such as models describe the
behavior; models explain why the behavior and result occurred;
models that allow for interpretations. The next part is
interpretations means predictions of the results compared to
realistic model in scientific activity. Interpretations [12] are
followed by observations that serve either to validate the model
or to suggest reasons that the model is inadequate and can be
modeled in quantitative and qualitative manner.
2. Importance of Mathematical Modeling
Mathematical modeling can have importance in following
ways
 is imperative in various areas
 can be achieved in other types of applications
 gives precision and direction for problem solution
 enables the terms of modeling activity
 prepares
the manner for higher style or management of a
system
 allows the efficient use of computational and scientific
tools
Learning concerning mathematical modeling is a very
important step from a theoretical
mathematical coaching to associate application-oriented
mathematical experience, and makes the
RRIJM 2015, All Rights Reserved
RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
scholar acceptable mastering the challenges of our fashionable
technological culture.
Mathematical modeling [14] can be used for a number of
different reasons. Important point is that achievement of the
particular objectives depends on information about the system
and design of the modeling. The main aspects of objectives are:
1) Modification on the scientific approach
-Through quantitative work done by the system
2) Check the changes made in the system;
3) Specify and making decision including tactical
decisions by managers; strategic decisions by
planners.
3. Architecture of the Mathematical Model
The Architecture represents raw information to be
aggregated, sorted and modified for the following use. The
edges of the diagram represent activities of two-way
communication (flow of relevant information) between the
nodes and the corresponding sources of information.
Figure 3: Steps of the Mathematical Model
S. Problem Statement
The Problem Statement defines the brief description of an
application work with innovative way and addresses the
changes on it and executes the constructed algorithm in simpler
manner.
M. Mathematical Model
The Mathematical model defines the conceptual
explanation in terms of mathematical expressions and
formulations. It binds the relation between input and output
growth of the system. It also maintains the accuracy and failure
of the system by applying restricted goals and assumptions.
T. Theory
Theory explains the working structure of the system. Main
methodologies to be applied, Functions implementation, design
of modules, mathematical work and background research of the
system.
N. Numerical Methods
Numerical methods describe which software and libraries
to be used for satisfying the depth of knowledge of the system
and background work. This executes the proper implementation
of the system.
481 | Page
 Volume-04, Issue-03,March-2019
P. Programs
Programs represent the flow of the system. It is step by
step instructions which implement every module and design of
the user interface. Program also gives space for the
documentation as it maintains the entire execution of the
software.
R. Report
Report explains the life cycle of the software; firstly
description part which provides the information of the system,
Analysis explains the background work done by the existing
system and modified with new techniques to represent the
proposed system. Results explain the success ratio and
accuracy maintained by the system. Validation is necessary to
check fault or incorrect output or any error while execution.
Limitations give the scope of the project area and further
recommend the use of the software to various fields and
development.
4. General Rules specified for Mathematical Modeling:
Basic Mathematical Model terms in five categories are:
S = {I, F, O, Sc, Fr}
Where,
S is the system lies in universe.
I is the input of the system
F is the functions used to process the inputs.
is the output of the system.
Sc is the success attempt of the system on particular inputs.
Fr is the failure of the system.
Example: Mathematical modeling for Content Based
Image Retrieval
Content based image retrieval is the basic concept found
under image processing domain. Various methods are used to
analyze the input data, extract the features of image such as
color, texture, pattern and edges; further stored extracted
values into database. When query image fires on the system, it
undergoes algorithms applied to the system.
Image
Database
Feature
Relevant Query
Extraction
Retrieved images images
Image Feature Feature
Features Matching Extraction
Figure 4: System structure of CBIR
From the above figure, query image features are extracted
using feature extraction method and compared with those
database image features. Once the match is found between
query image and database images, all the relevant images are
retrieved from the database and present to the user. This
relevant matching shows the successful completion of the
algorithm and the system.
RRIJM 2015, All Rights Reserved
RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Mathematical expressions are notified for the CBIR:
S = { I, F, O, Sc, Fr} Where S is the system
I= Input image
F= Feature Extraction & Feature Matching method
O= Image Retrieval
Sc= Input Image Feature matches with database stored
image features
Fr= matching not found, Input size of image.
5. The Engineering Aspect to the Mathematical Model:
Mathematics is present in all various fields of sciences and
technology. Mathematics builds a strong connection between
engineers and scientists by drawing applications in pure and
applied mathematics. Applied mathematics is an innovative
method where all disciplines of mathematical knowledge to
domains are covered such as modeling the functions,
optimization, bioinformatics and calculus statistics. Engineers
formed mathematical models with the help of numerical
calculations to analyze the activity of the system. This is the
main concept for representation of system relationship with
mathematical development.
The given figure shows the scientific approach towards
engineering tools. Firstly, real world problems should be
identified. According to the problem definition, data should be
analyzed theoretically to develop mathematical models.
Designs are the principle activity that differentiates engineering
based on pure science or mathematics.
Engineering design might be characterized as the
systematic and inventive application of scientific and logical
standard areas to functional disclosure such as the design,
production, and operation of efficient and economical
structures, machines, procedures and frameworks. By using
this framework, optimization of the system takes place for
further modification or updating of the products
Problem statement
Mathematical
model
Problem-solving tools, statistics,
numerical methods
Mathematical calculated
results or graphics
Optimizing results, maintenance,
communication
Implementation
Figure 5: Engineering aspect to the mathematical model
482 | Page
 Volume-04, Issue-03,March-2019 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary

Various computational tools are extremely proper for 8) Computer science

applying applications and modeling activities. They grow the It is branch of science deals with the knowledge of
scope of alternatives for ways to deal with instructing and computer systems, terminology, domains and theoretical
upgrade the expertise understanding of mathematizing algorithms. Some important areas are given below:
circumstances, structure and simulations in applied problem  Image processing
solving techniques.  Machine learning
 Cloud computing
6. List of applications
 Soft computing
The list of applications are given below whose modeling
understands and mentioned numerous mathematical 9) Criminalist science
challenges. However, mathematics is simply the language for It is study of forensic sample based on physical evidence
defining problems precisely and solving unambiguously. for determining the crime [8]. Technology used as follows
 Brain finger printing
1) Anthropology  Narcotic test
It is the branch of science deals with the study of ancient
human beings with their origin, development and culture. 10) Internet
It is the connection of all networks of inter-intra related data
2) Archeology used for searching, acquiring information and upgrading
It is study of reconstructing objects fom past history and knowledge [9].
analysis of ancient cultures by examining tools, buildings and
other materials. 11) Materials Science
This topic is concerned with the evaluation of materials
3) Architecture utilized in construction and manufacture purpose. It possessed
Designed and development of system in terms of scientific the study of molecular structure and properties such as metals,
way using algorithmic strategies. semiconductors, and ceramics.

4) Artificial intelligence 12) Mechanical engineering

It is the representation of human intelligence [1] processed This engineering deals with the study of automated theory
by machines and designed to work with ability of new software of machines design and development with new innovation
inventions that makes more effective in scientific computation. techniques and simulation link.
Some of the soft ware’s that are work with AI mentioned
13) Medicine
below:
It is the biological study of treating the illness, diagnosis of
 Computer vision [10]
organs and curing of diseases in terms of drug [7], liquid
 Image interpretation
solution. Some of the terminology utilized as
 Robotics
 Chemotherapy
 Speech recognition
 Angioplasty
 Optical character recognition
14) Neuroscience
5) Arts It is the study of neural networks and signal transmitted
Study of simulation of moving objects or images with the between nerves to map the brain and working structure of the
help of computer graphics nervous system.
 Computer animation
 CAD 15) Pharmacology
 3D modeling house tour It is branch of medicine related with study of developing
drug, molecular structure and its effects on the body [7].
6) Astronomy
It is the study of space science, universe, galaxies, 16) Physics
evolution of stars and other planetary systems It is the branch of science deals with the study of the
physical characteristics of particles and energy. These terms
7) Biology includes nuclear reaction, radiation, thermodynamics, heat and
It is the study of natural science with living organisms, light.
human genes, physical activity and evolution of species.
Technical terms worked with biological facts [7]: 17) Space Sciences
 Protein folding It is the exploration study of space, universe and galaxies.
Various natural phenomena and physical properties are
 Genetics
occurred in outer space. Mathematical terms used in
 Cell biology [6]
 Planetary systems
 Formulations and differentiations of tissues and organs
 Orbiting the satellite
 Spreading of infectious and viral diseases
 Launching the rocket

RRIJM 2015, All Rights Reserved 483 | Page

 Volume-04, Issue-03,March-2019
18) Transport Science
It is the process of movement of goods and people from
one place to another with the help of new technology.
 Controlling the traffic
 Google maps
 Automatic allocation of drivers through apps and
search nearby location.
References
1. Avneet Pannu “Artificial Intelligence and its Application in
Different Areas” International Journal of Engineering and
Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 4, Issue 10, April
2015.
2. Mathematical Modeling and Simulation: Introduction for
Scientists and Engineers. Kai Velten Copyright © 2009
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN:
978-3-527-40758-8
3. Alfio Quarteroni “Mathematical Models in Science and
Engineering” Notices of the AMS Volume 56, Number 1.
4. C. L. Dym and E. S. Ivey, Principles of Mathematical
Modeling, 1st Edition, Academic Press, New York, 1980.
5. P. D. Cha, J. J. Rosenberg, and C. L. Dym, Fundamentals of
Modeling and Analyzing Engineering Systems, Cambridge
University Press, New York, 2000.
6. Palladini A, Nicoletti G, Pappalardo F, et al. In silico
modeling and in vivo efficacy of cancer preventive
vaccinations, Cancer Res , 2010, vol. 70 (pg. 7755-63
RRIJM 2015, All Rights Reserved
RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
7. Conclusion
In this paper, mathematical modeling is a new innovative
designed technique for representing calculations and
formulations in real time applications. Various researches and
scientists modeled and developed systems and technologies.
Importance of mathematical modeling provides the particular
objectives of the system. In this review paper, mathematical
designs constitute the equations and achieve the final expected
outcome to the system
7. Shiwen Zhao S, Li S. A co-module approach for elucidating
drug-disease associations and revealing their molecular
basis, Bioinformatics , 2012, vol. 28 (pg. 955-61)
8. Feroz Shah Syed, Didong Li, Xun Zhang and Zhenhong Guo
.Mathematical Modelling in Criminology Malaysian Journal of
Mathematical Sciences 7(1): 125-145 (2013)
9. Fatai Adesina Anifowose, Safiriyu Ibiyemi Eludiora,
“Application of Artificial Intelligence in Network Intrusion
Detection”, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (3),
March 2012.
10. https://youtu.be/VzlBEcs1fj4?list=PLLy_2iUCG87DcqOcslyw2
WB8XpSFUE0zF
11. https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/iemh1a2.pdf
12. https://people.maths.bris.ac.uk/~madjl/course_text.pdf
13. https://www.sfu.ca/~vdabbagh/Chap1-modeling.pdf
484 | Page