Chapter 7

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
7.1 Power Rquirement
The power consumption for lighting and other appliances together with required light
intensity in different spaces and lighting efficacy has been discussed in Chapter 2, the data for
residential building is again provided in the following tables.

Table: Estimated Domestic Load Dining table 150

Appliance Load (W) Bathroom (general) 100
CFL 4 – 24 Shaving / make-up 300
LED 3 – 25 Stairs 100
20 (600 mm), Lounge 100
Fluorescent lamp
40 (1200 mm) Garage and porch 100
Ceiling fan 100 Basement car park 100
Table fan 85 Entrance and porch 70
Pedestal fan 120 Sewing 600
Exhaust fan 100 Reading (casual) 150
5 A Socket outlet 300 Homework and sustained
300
15 A Socket outlet 1500 reading
Electric oven 1500
Microwave oven 1200 – 1500 Consider
Washing machine 350 – 500 Space-height ratio: 3
Television 120 – 200 Utilization factor: 80%
Computer 200 Depreciation factor: 80%
Printer 500 – 600
1 Ton window AC 1500 The fan size in the residential building
1 Ton split AC 1300 should be as below:
Geyser 1000 – 1200
Toaster 800 – 1000
Calendar 700 – 1000

Table: Luminous efficacy of lamps

SN Type lm/w
1 Incandescent lamp 14 – 20
(tungsten)
2 Projection lamp 35 – 40
3 Fluorescent lamp 60 - 80
4 CFL 45 – 70
5 LED lamp 60 – 90
6 Halogen lamp 16 – 20

Table: Illumination level required for

Residential Building
Illumination
Area of Activity
(lux)
Bed room (general) 70
Dressing table 250
Kitchen 200

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 Room area Fan sweep
(m2) (mm)
Up to 6 915 (36 inch)
6–9 1220 (48 inch)
9 – 12 1422 (56 inch)
 In estimating the power, the ratings of light-fittings, fans and other household loads must
be multiplied by the factor of 1.65 considering the starting current and other factors.
 The socket power outlets must be calculated as below:
Flat 3-pin socket: 13 A Round 3-pin socket: 15 / 20 A
 The power sockets must be connected by the cable size as below:
5 A: 1.5 mm2 10 A: 2.5 mm2 15 A: 4 mm2 20 A: 6 mm2
 Maximum length of a circuit should be 30 m and cables should be such that the voltage is
less than 2.5% of the switch board value.
7.2 Selection of Cable and CB
Table: Cables, conduits, ECC, EL, voltage drop and current ratings

S A B C D E F G H I J
i ii i ii i ii
1 3/0.029 1.5 5 16 10 6 10 27 27 22 16 20
2 7/0.029 2.5 10 16 10 4 7 16 36 30 22 28
3 7/0.036 4 15 14 10 3 5 1 10 47 39 30 37
4 7/0.044 6 20 14 10 2 4 1 6.8 59 50 38 47
5 7/0.052 10 30 10 10 1 2 1.5 4 78 68 52 63
6 7/0.064 16 40 10 10 1 1.5 2.60 100 94 70 85
7 19/0.052 25 50 6 6 1 2 1.60 130 125 91 110
8 19/0.064 35 60 6 6 2 1.20 155 160 112 136
9 19/0.072 50 70 6 6 2 0.93 185 195 136 164
10 19/0.083 70 100 1/0 1/0 2 0.65 225 245 173 207
11 37/0.072 95 120 1/0 1/0 2.5 0.48 270 300 216 253
12 37/0.083 120 150 1/0 1/0 2.5 0.40 310 350 244 291
13 37/0.093 150 200 1/0 1/0 3 0.34 350 405 333
14 37/0.103 185 250 3/0 3/0 3.5 0.29 390 460 381
15 61/0.093 240 300 3/0 3/0 4 0.24 450 555 452
16 61/0.103 300 425 3/0 3/0 4 0.22 515 640 526
17 91/0.093 400 585 3/0 3/0 6 0.20 586 770 639
18 91/0.103 500 685 3/0 3/0 6 0.18 680 900 752
19 127/0.103 630 800 3/0 3/0 6 0.17 800 1030 855

A: Single core wire number and diameter inch

B: Single core conductor diameter mm2
C: Current rating of CB A)
D: ECC (earth continuity conductor) SWG
E: EL (earthing lead) SWG
F: Number of cables in PVC conduit i) ¾ inch dia ii) 1 inch dia
G: GI pipe diameter inch
H: Voltage drop mV/A/m
I: Current carrying capacity (NYY) A i) 30ºC AT underground
ii) 35º C AT in air
J: Current carrying capacity (BYA) A i) 35ºC bunched & enclosed in conduit
ii) 35º C clipped on tray

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7.3 Levels of Fixtures and Fittings
Fixtures and fittings are connected in different levels for proper utilization and ease of
operation. Some levels are:
Skirting level: 1 foot above floor
Switch board level: 5 feet above floor
Lintel level: 8 feet above floor

7.4 Load Density and Power Outlet

Minimum Load Densities by BNBC
Unit load (W/m2)
Type of Occupancy
Non AC AC
Residence (single family) 20 75
Residence (multi-family) 20 75
Hospital 32 80
Hotel / Apartment 24 75
Office and commercial building 28 75
Industrial building (excluding machines) 16 ---
Departmental store 28 75
Banks 20 75
Restaurant 16 75
Barber shop, beauty parlor 32 75
Educational building 12 70
Commercial parking area 4 ---
Ware houses 2 ---

Minimum Number of 13 A flat pin socket outlets (BNBC)

Location Number
Bed room 2
Living room 3
Drawing room 3
Dining room 1
Toaster 1
Kitchen 1
Bathroom 0
Balcony 1
Refrigerator 1
AC for each room 1

7.5 AC Selection
The capacity of AC depends on many factors such as room size (volume, cft), number of
persons at a time in the room (use), location of the room, insulation, frequency of door-
opening, and so on. The thumb rule is to calculate the capacity is 6 – 10 BTU/cft. For
residence with good location and insulation, 7 BTU/cft is considered.

7.6 Important Points of Drawing

 5A receptacle points can be a three pin or two pin points, but a 15A receptacle point is
always a three pin point.

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 While designing a single storied building, we are always seeing the conduits going
down. So ‘conduit going down’ mark should be placed after each conduit termination.
 In fittings and fixture diagram fluorescent lights must be small in length compared to
the diameter of ceiling fan.
 Conduits must be connected to the point of appliance’s electrical connection. Not to
appliance’s outside edge.
 5A components are driven by 1.5 mm² wires and 15A components from 4 mm².
2.5mm² wires are also used to drive some instruments but it is usual practice to use
4mm² wires for high current rated instruments. 2.5 mm² wires are generally used to
connect switchboards if a lot of load is connected to the switchboard and also for
switchboard to distribution board connection.
 Wire should be drawn from distribution board to each switchboard. It is not necessary
to draw wires to every switchboard from distribution board, if there are several
interconnected switchboards then only one needs to be connected to the distribution
board. In this way several group of switchboards are made and each group is
connected to the distribution board.
 There should be as small number of cross points of conduits as possible.
 If more than one conduit is to be placed in a room then 90 degree alignment between
the conduits should be kept as long as possible.
 Prime target of conduit layout is to use least length of conduit not least number of
them.
 There is no need to place a separate conduit for two switchboard interconnection.
 Any other conduits can be used to take the connecting wire.


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7.7 Symbols Used in Fittings, Fixtures and Conduit Layout

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 Access Symbols

Legends of wires

 C1 = 2×1.5mm²
 C2 = 4×1.5mm²
 C3 = 6×1.5mm²
 C4 = 8×1.5mm²
 C5 = 10×1.5mm²
 C6 = 12×1.5mm²
 C7 = 14×1.5mm²
 C8 = 2×2.5mm²
 C9 = 2×4mm²
 C8,9=2×2.5mm² and 2×4mm²

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