SCIENCE WORKBOOK

GRADE QUARTER/DOMAIN WEEK AND LC CODE

LEVEL DAY NO.
3RD / BIOLOGY S10LT-IIIc-36
10 3 DAY__

Name:______________________________ Grade and Section: _______Score: __

TOPIC: Feedback Mechanisms Coordinated by the Nervous System

LEARNING COMPETENCY: Describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates these
feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.

After going through this Learning activity sheets (LAS), you are expected to:

1. Briefly explain the concept of homeostasis;

2. Identify the different internal control systems of the body;

3. Describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates feedback mechanisms to maintain
homeostasis; and

4. Manifest interest on the awareness of some common diseases of the nervous system.

INTRODUCTION:

During summer season, man always feels hot. In Malolos City, many Malolenos went to resort like The
Paradise to enjoy summer and feel cool by going to its swimming pools. Have you ever tried to cool down
yourself during summer by swimming in the RAVE swimming pools?

The organism survives in its habitat by being aware of the changes in its environment and being able to
control them to its advantage.

Homeostasis is responsible in the regulation and maintenance of the internal environment of the body. It
regulates body temperature, fluids, salts, acids, gases and nutrients that help support human life. Internal
control system of the body responds immediately to change from the different conditions or internal
environment. There are different control systems in the body: sensors, control center, and communicating
system.

1. Sensors
Sensors are receptors that are responsible in gathering information about the conditions inside and
outside of the body. For instance, during summer or cold weather, your skin and nostril are your
sensors in gathering data about the temperature. The skin is made up of many internal sensors that
detect changes in the environment. The human body is made up of sensory neurons that carry
impulses to the brain or spinal cord.
2. Control Center
The control center of the body is the brain, which is a part of the nervous system. The brain receives
information from the sensors. It then examines the information to the ideal values (set point) in
which the body functions well. If the set point is below the control center, it quickly responds by
sending messages through the communicating systems – the nervous system and the endocrine
system.
3. Communicating Systems
 The nervous system and the endocrine system are the communicating systems of the body. They
carry information to all parts of the body. Through nerve impulse and hormones, they dictate to the
target cell or organs in the body how to respond with the internal and external changes. Targets are
any organ, tissue, or cell responsible for the changes in the activity of the body in response to the
message received. The human body is made up of electrical signals or neurons that receive input,
process the input, and produce a response.

How the Nervous System Coordinates and Regulates Feedback Mechanism to Maintain
Homeostasis?
The complex tissues, organs, and organ systems in our body must respond to the different
conditions and situations in the environment. The body has a variety of control systems to keep its
internal environment stable and responsible for maintaining homeostasis.
1. Negative Feedback
Negative feedback is a control system to reduce or minimize any changes or conditions of the
body, which helps the whole body system to be stable. It is also a mechanism that regulates
homeostasis. The term negative is a deviation from set point. The set point refers to the normal
value and ideal requirement of the body to maintain homeostasis.
The secretions of hormones from the endocrine glands are under the control of the
hypothalamus, which is also controlled by negative feedback. Increased breathing is a good
example of how a negative feedback loop works. Oxygen is necessary for breathing in order for
the body to properly function and to give off carbon dioxide. Due to the presence of high levels
of carbon dioxide in extracellular fluid, breathing increases, and therefore, the oxygen supply
increases in the air sacs of the lungs. As a result, this counteracts the high amounts of carbon
dioxide. High levels of carbon dioxide are harmful to the body. Negative feedback loops maintain
the state of balance by reversing the changes to return its normal condition of the body.

Components of Negative Feedback

• The control center of the body is the brain, which establishes the set point.
• The receptor detects changes within the body. The receptor monitors the environment and
responds to change (stimuli). • The effector is responsible for the response to changes.
• The stimulus produces a change to a variable (the factor being regulated).

2. Positive Feedback Positive feedback is a control system that uses information from sensors to increase
the rate of processes. It is also the exact opposite of a negative feedback mechanism. This type of
feedback is important whenever a rapid change is necessary. It deviates from a set point, therefore it
becomes greater, which makes a bad situation worse. This type of feedback is rarely found in healthy
people. For instance, if you cut your finger, positive feedback mechanism is used in the production of nerve
impulses and increases the rate of change in blood clotting until the wound is sealed.

Common Diseases of the Nervous System

1. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord caused by bacterial infection or
a virus. The infection occurs most often in children and young adults. Those who have weakened immune
system and long-term health problems are at risk to this disease. Meningitis can be deadly if not treated
immediately. Symptoms: Stiff and painful neck, fever, headache, vomiting, seizures, trouble breathing, and
slight headache. Treatment: Treated with antibiotics

2. Cerebral palsy is a disorder resulting in a lack of full control of physical movement and muscle tightness
that affect almost all parts of the body. Some people have little or no control over their arms and legs or
other parts of their body. For example, they cannot control the movement of their mouth and tongue, which
can cause problems with eating and speaking. Symptoms: Seizures, intellectual disability, slight limp, and
difficulty in walking Treatment: Surgery

3. Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the nervous system that affects the movement of a person. It
develops gradually and tremors start in the hands. In early stages, the face shows little or no expression.
The arms do not swing when one walks. Symptoms: Tremors, slow movement, impaired posture and
balance, penmanship changes, speech changes, emotional changes and depression, difficulty swallowing,
sleep disorder, blood pressure changes, inability to smell, and constipation. Treatment: Cannot be cured,
but symptoms can be improved through surgery to regulate the region of the brain.

4. Brain Tumor. An adult brain tumor is called meningeal tumor. The tumor is formed in the meninges that
cover the brain and the spinal cord. Another type is the metastatic brain tumor. It develops cancerous cells
from a tumor elsewhere in the body. The process where the cells rapidly spread to the brain from another
tumor is called metastasis. Not all brain tumors are cancerous. The term cancer is for a malignant tumor,
while a benign tumor is less serious.

Explore and strengthen your understanding of the topic by answering these activities;

Activity 1. My Control Systems

Objectives: 1. Identify the different internal control systems of the body.

Materials: Pen, paper

Procedure:

1. Carefully analyze the pictures of the different internal control systems of body.

2. Answer the guide questions correctly. Carefully analyze the following pictures and identify whether it is
under the sensor, control center or communicating system.
Guide Questions:

1. What are the different internal control systems of the body?

2. How do the communicating systems carry information to all parts of the body?

3. How does your skin function as a sensor of the body?

Activity 2. Feedback Mechanisms

Objectives:

1. Briefly explain homeostasis.

2. Describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates feedback mechanism to maintain
homeostasis.

Materials: Pen, paper

Procedure:

1. Carefully analyze the diagram of a negative feedback mechanism.

2. Answer the guide questions correctly.

Guide Questions:

1. What is homeostasis?

2.When does positive feedback mechanism occur in the body?

Closure. Describe the positive feedback mechanism that happens during childbirth.
Valuing

Nowadays, because of our lifestyle, the food we eat, the things we do, and how we interact with other
people really affects our nervous system. Will you agree if I say that socialization is very important to keep
your nervous system healthy? Yes, socialization helps to reduce stress and promote emotional health.
Engage yourself in social activities while still practicing healthy and safety protocols, strengthen your Faith
in the Divine power and learn to appreciate even the little and simple things that brings a smile, laughter
and joy into your life.

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