Learning English

Grammar
and Composition
Sunanda Maini

2
M.A. English, B.ed

e
a i ou
tense
tence noun

’!
sen
essay pronoun Punctu
preposition
ation
s
proverb
verb
sentence
?
 Learning English
Grammar
and Composition

Bookmate Publishers
WZ-34/7, Ground Floor, Asalatpur, Janak Puri,
New Delhi-110058. Phone : 011-49878216
E-mail : bookmatepublishers@rediffmail.com
Website : www.bookmatepublishersindia.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of
publisher, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms
agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organistaion.

This book is meant for educational and learning purpose only. Every
effort has been made to avoid errors and omission in this book. Any error
or omission noted may please be brought to the notice of the publishers,
which shall be taken care of in the next edition of this book. It is notified
that neither the publisher nor the author, designer or printer will be
responsible for any mistake or omission in this book.

Printed by :

Designed by :
Graphic Zone Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
graphiczone.top10@gmail.com
This series Learning English Grammar and Composition for class 1 to 8 is an
endeavour to enable the learner to understand the basics of English grammar and
learn the nuances of English language. Each book has been planned and graded
according to the age and ability of the learner. This series presents the grammatical
concepts simply, correctly and lucidly so that the learner could enjoy learning the
fundamentals of English language.
Each concept has been introduced with examples and a set of rules to be followed.
Exceptions to the rules and tips, which can be helpful for the learner at every stage,
are interspersed with graded practice exercises in every chapter so that the various
concepts are reinforced. Each book has followed the simple to complex approach.
The skills acquired after learning grammar through this series will enable the learner
to write and speak English accurately. Revision sheets have been added for practice
and self assessment.
The comprehension passages consist of an array of factual and fictional passages and
poems to evaluate the literary and lingual skills of the learner. The learner will
develop their abilities to understand and express their thoughts in English with the
help of these simple yet challenging exercises. The vocabulary-building pages will
expose the learner to new words in a way that they are able to use a word in
different ways and contexts in daily life. Punctuation marks have been introduced
and revised according to the level of the learner.
The writing section includes age appropriate activities like picture composition, story
writing, notice writing, letter writing, article writing etc. Such exercises will enhance
the learner’s skills to use his imagination, organize their thoughts and express them
in the language appropriately. Formats and examples have been given for every
writing activity.
Every book is a perfect blend of text and practice of grammar. The series aims to
teach grammar in a comfortable and easy manner which will be grasped and relished
by every learner.
—Author
 1. Alphabet Fun 5
2. Sentences 8
3. Statements and Questions 10
4. Jumbled Sentences 12
5. Naming Words–Nouns 13
6. Special Names 16
7. Naming Words – One and More Than One 19
8. Noun : Gender 24
9. Describing Words– Adjectives 26
10. Making Comparisons 29
11. A, An, The — Articles 31
12. Use of –’s 34
13. I, You, He, She, We, They, It 36
14. Me, Us, You, Him, Her, It, Them 39
15. Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Ours, Theirs 41
Revision-1 42
16. Doing Words — Verbs 44
17. Is, Am, Are 47
18. Was, Were 49
19. Has / Have 50
20. Had 52
21. Present Tense 53
22. Is, Am, Are +ing 55
23. Past Tense 58
24. Prepositions 61
25. Joining Words 65
26. Who, What, Where, Which, When 66
Revision-2 68
27. Comprehension 70
28. Picture Composition 74
 1
Alphabet Fun

Warm up
G There are 26 letters that are called alphabet.
G The 26 letters of the English Alphabet are written in a particular
order, called the alphabetical order, like B comes after A and C
comes after B.
G These letters are written in two ways – capital letters and small
letters.
Capital Letters

A B C D E F G H I J

K L M N O P Q R S T

U V W X Y Z

Small Letters

a b c d e f g h i j

k l m n o p q r s t

u v w x y z
G a,e,i,o,u are vowels and the rest are consonants.
Grammar-2 5
Riddles
Alphabets
A. Write the answer in the box.
1. We are a family of 26 letters
2. We are five in numbers
3. We are twenty one in numbers
4. We can be written in letters and letters.
5. There are vowels and consonants in the
word ‘umbrella’.
B. Arrange the following words in the alphabetical order. One has
been done.
Hint : The first letter of every word helps us to write the words in
alphabetical order.
1. sun mat pin dog fan
dog
____ fan mat pin sun
2. toy bus ship cat yacht
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
3. lion jackal mouse rabbit deer
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
4. orange banana grapes apple cherry
_____ ______ ______ _____ ______
5 . pants shirts cap jeans vest
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Grammar-2 6
C. Fill in the blanks with vowels (a, e, i, o, or u).
1. 2. 3.

d __ c k p i g __ __ n h __ n

4. 5. 6.

C r __ w s p __ r r __ w p __ __ c o c k
D. Fill in the blanks with consonants.
1. 2. 3.

___en o___ ___ ___ ___ee

4. 5. 6.

ro ___ e ___ oo ___ be ___ ___

7. 8.

___ oo ___ ___ i___ d

Grammar-2 7
 2
Sentences

Look at these groups of words :

1. the chair
2. the boy sitting
3. is sitting the boy
4. The boy is sitting on a chair.
The first three groups do not have a complete meaning.
The fourth group has a complete meaning.
The fourth group of words is a sentence.
G A sentence is a group of words that has a complete meaning.
G We always begin a sentence with a capital letter.
A. Put a tick (3) against those groups of words which are sentences
and put a cross (7) against those which are not :
1. a little bird
2. little a Mithu was parrot
3. Mithu was a little parrot.
4. books
5. in the bag
6. The girl is putting her books in the bag.
7. drinking milk
8. He drinking milk
9. He is drinking milk.
10. Is he drinking milk ?

Grammar-2 8
B. Look at the pictures below and complete the sentence. One has
been done for you.

1. This is a_____
rose flower. 2. This is a ________. 3. I like _______.

C. Add suitable words to complete these sentences.

1. This is a ________________.

2. Ajay likes ________________.

3. She is ________________ a song.

4. The ________________ is a useful animal.

5. The sun is ________________.

Grammar-2 9
 3
Statements And Questions

Look at the sentences given below :

G I am a student of Class 2.
G How are you?
Sentence 1 says something. It ends with a full stop (.).
It is called a statement.
Sentence 2 asks a question. It ends with a question mark(?). It is a
question.
A. Write S against a statement and Q against a question. One has
been done for you.
1. In which school do you study? Q
2. Aunt Polly loves children.
3. Who is knocking at the door?
4. Have you got my pencil?
5. I play chess with my friends.
6. Mannat is my best friend.
7. Can lions fly?
B. Rewrite these sentences after putting a full stop (.) or a question
mark (?) at the end of each sentence.
1. They go to the market in the evening
______________________________________________________
2. Where are you going
______________________________________________________

Grammar-2 10
 3. What is the name of your mother
______________________________________________________
4. The girls are singing and dancing
______________________________________________________
5. The sky becomes red before sunset
______________________________________________________
C. Change the first letter into a capital letter and add a full stop or a
question mark at the end.
1. what does your father do
______________________________________
2. she is my friend
______________________________________
3. holi is the festival of colours
______________________________________
4. which month comes after April
______________________________________
5. birds are chirping
______________________________________

G A sentence always begins with a capital letter.

G A statement always ends with a full stop (.)
G A question always ends with a question mark(?)

Suppose your grandmother needs help to go to the bank.

Will you ask her the question— “Why do you want to go?”
or say, “Ok Grandma, I will take you to the bank tomorrow?”

Grammar-2 11
 4
Jumbled Sentences

We have learnt that when we arrange the words in a certain order,

they form a sentence and make complete sense.
A. Make meaningful sentences by rearranging the following words.
Begin each sentence with a capital letter. Put a question mark (?)
or a full stop (.) at the end.
1. pretty a girl is Rina
_______________________________
2. your school where is
_______________________________
3. flies the bird in the air
_______________________________
4. beautiful is city my
_______________________________
5. over the jumped gate dog the
_______________________________
6. friend best is who your
_______________________________
7. dances well she
_______________________________
8. are what drinking you
_______________________________
9. sits on the ant the leaf
_______________________________

Grammar-2 12
 5
Naming words – Nouns

Naming Words are names of persons, places, animals and things.

They are called nouns.
A. Look at the pictures given below and read their names. Write them
in proper columns. Colour the columns of persons with pink,
animals with red, things in green and places with yellow.

Table Hat Doctor

School

Cake School Insect s

Lion Bear Uncle

Grammar-2 13
 Market Policeman House

Persons Places Things Animals

B. Underline the naming words in the following sentences. One has

been done for you.

1. The peacock is a beautiful bird.

2. He ate a burger and drank coke.

3. The maid is cooking.

4. The stars are shining in the sky.

5. Do not pluck the flowers.

Common Nouns – A noun which is a name for the same kind of

things, persons or places is a Common Noun. A common noun
does not refer to any particular thing, person or place.
Example : boy
Grammar-2 14
C. Match the following naming words with the group they belong to.
1. Potato, tomato, cabbage, brinjal Boys
2. Rohan, Mohan, Shyam, Gopal Games
3. Hockey, Table Tennis, Cricket, Basketball Vegetables
4. Snake, Lion, Zebra, Cat, Dog Countries
5. India, China, Japan, Russia Animals
D. Circle the odd one out in the following groups.
1. Cabbage Potato Zebra Tomato.
2. Ball Bat Chalk Wicket.
3. Plate Cup Glass Table.
4. Blackboard Chalk Bedroom Duster.
E. Riddles :
Who or what am I ?
1. I am the national bird of India.
_______________________________________

2. I am used on a rainy day.

_______________________________________

3. I am a fruit with the same name and colour.

_______________________________________

4. I am round in shape and you play with me.

_______________________________________

Grammar-2 15
 6
Special Names

Diwali is my favourite festival. It falls in the month of October or

November. Rohan is lighting his house with candles and diyas on
Diwali.
Diwali is the special name of a festival. October and November are the
names of months. Rohan is the special name of a person.

A. Give special names for the following.

My name is _____________________________
Paste
Your pic

School

The name of my school is _________________

Grammar-2 16
 The name of my city is _____________________

My favourite monument is ______________

Special names are called Proper Nouns. The particular name of a person,
place or a thing is a proper noun. A proper noun always begins with a
capital letter. Example : Eiffel Tower

B. Underline the proper nouns and circle the common nouns in the
following sentences.
1. January is a cold month.
2. Sher Khan is the king of the jungle.
3. Rohan is my best friend.
4. Sarah stood first in the class.
5. Panav and Aryan are classmates.
6. We are going to Goa next week.
C. Write the nouns below in the correct columns. Use capital letter
wherever required.
himalayas rock garden stars agra
rajesh brother boat camera lamp bible

Proper Noun Common Noun

Grammar-2 17
D. Fill in the blanks with proper nouns.

1. Cindrella lost her silver slipper.

The girl’s name is _______________.

2. _________ is batting.
_________ is balling.

3. Sunil is forty years old.

_______________ is seven years old.

4. Arjun has a pet cat

The name of the cat is ____________

5. She is my mother.
Her name is _______________

G Special names are called proper nouns.

G Proper nouns begin with a capital letter.

Grammar-2 18
 7 Naming Words –
One And More Than One

A. Look at the picture given above and fill in the blanks after counting
each of the nouns.
1. Four
___________ boys. 2. ___________ girls.
3. ___________ black board. 4. ___________ windows.
5. ___________ books. 6. ___________ teacher.
A noun which is one in number is called singular.
A noun which is more than one in number is called plural.
When we add s to the naming words they became plurals.
B. Change from one to many by addin ‘–s’.
1. book Books
____________
2. dog ____________
3. jug ____________
4. pencil ____________
5. chair ____________

Grammar-2 19
 We also sometimes add –es to the noun to make it more than
one. Example glass –glasses. We generally do it with words ending
with –ch, –sh, –x, –o, –s or –ss.
C. Add es to the following nouns to make them plural and fill in the
blanks.
1. One glass Five ____________

2. One bench Three ____________

3. One fox Four ____________

4. One Potato Seven ____________

Grammar-2 20
 5. One Dish Three ____________

6. One dress Six ____________

D. Circle the word that completes each sentence and write it in the
blank. One has been done.
1. books (book/books)
This table can hold many _________
2. Raman wore a _________ (hat/hats)
3. We need two ________________ (dish/dishes)
4. Our school has many ______________. (bus/buses)
5. The boys are sitting on the __________ (bench/benches).
Note : We can change one into many in different ways.
(I). We add –s or –es to words to make them more than one,
Example : girl - girls, watch - watches
(ii) When a word ends with –f or –fe we put the letter –v in
place of –f or –fe and add –es Example : knife - knives.
(iii) When a word ends with –y we drop –y and add –ies to
make it a plural Example: cherry – cherries.
Grammar-2 21
 Many nouns like deer, cattle, hair and sheep remain the same
when we change them into many.
E Change the words given in the brackets into plurals.

1. There are five ____________ (glass)

in the kitchen.

2. Cut the cake into two ____________ (half)

3. I saw two ____________ (wolf) in the zoo.

4. We have six ____________ (knife) in

the kitchen.

5. All the ____________ (Leaf) have

fallen from the tree.

F. Count and write the plurals of the nouns given in the bracket by
adding ‘ies’.
1. three cherries
We ate _________________
(cherry).

Grammar-2 22
 2. _____________ are lying on the
table. (diary)

3. _____________ are blooming in my

garden. (lily)

4. ___________________ are crying.

(baby)
G. Rewrite the following sentences by changing the underlined noun
into more than one.
1. The monkey is jumping.
__________________________________
2. I eat an apple every day.
__________________________________
3. I have a younger sister.
__________________________________
4. I travel by bus.
__________________________________
5. My uncle gave me a watch.
__________________________________

G Singular means one.

G Plural means more than one.

Grammar-2 23
 8
Noun : Gender

There are naming words that tell us whether the word is a male or a
female. Boy, father, uncle, brother etc refer to masculine gender. Girl,
mother, aunt, sister etc refer to feminine gender.
Types of gender – masculine, feminine.
G Masculine gender – nouns that refer only to males
Example : boy, father.

G Feminine gender – nouns that refer only to females

Example : girl, mother.
Here are some male and female naming words.

Masculine gender Feminine gender

boy girl
man woman
father mother
peacock peahen
lion lioness
son daughter
gentleman lady
king queen

Grammar-2 24
A. Write the nouns in the blanks and write F against feminine gender
and M against masculine gender.

1. The __________ is roaring in the jungle.

2. My __________ is cooking.

3. __________ has a beautiful dress.

4. The __________ dances in the rain.

B. Rewrite the sentences using the opposite gender.

1. My father saw a tiger in the jungle.
_____________________________________________________
2. The peacock sat on horse.
_____________________________________________________
3. The king called the landlord to his palace.
_____________________________________________________
4. My grandfather has no brother.
_____________________________________________________
5. Tell your husband to see the gentleman.
_____________________________________________________

Grammar-2 25
 9
Describing Words–Adjectives

Look at the pictures. Then, read the sentences given below :

Giraffe has a The tea I have

long neck is hot two books

These are red Rohan is fat. Neha is wearing

apples. a green sari.

Long, hot, two, red, fat and green are describing words.
Describing words tell us about the colour, shape, quality, size and
number of the naming words.

Grammar-2 26
A. Let us know about Ravi.
Ravi is a tall boy of twelve years. He goes to school everyday. He has a
big smile on his face before he goes to school. He has a very heavy
bag to carry. He takes fresh food in his lunch box. He has a blue water
bottle. He wears a white uniform everyday.
1. The word ______________ describes the smile.
2. The word ______________ describes the bag.
3. The word ______________ describes the food.
4. The word ______________ describes the water bottle.
5. The word ______________ describes his uniform.
B. Fill in the blanks with the describing words from the box. Look at
the picture and fill in the blanks.
red sweet fresh tall juicy green

Reena saw ________ carrots, __________ peas and

___________ spinach. They walked a bit further and came across

a ________ man who was selling ___________ apples and

______ grapes.

C. Fill in the blanks with the correct adjective given in the bracket.
One has been done for you.
1. The fox is a _______________
clever animal . (foolish/clever)
2. The question was _______________ for the child. He could not
do it. (easy/difficult)
Grammar-2 27
 3. Always buy _______________ vegetables. (fresh/stafe)
4. A year has _______________ months. (ten/twelve)
5. We must keep our house_______________. (clean/dirty)
D. Match the naming words and the describing words.
Naming Words Describing words
1. Apples a) Cute
2. Baby b) Juicny
4. Story d) blue
5. Shirt e) Red
E. Some describing words are given in the box. Write them against
the words that mean the opposite. The first one is done for you.
old slow full thick hard strong sad foolish
1. Soft Hard
___________ 2. Wise ___________
3. Weak ___________ 4. Empty ___________
5. Happy ___________ 6. New ___________
7. Fast ___________ 8. Thin ___________

G Describing words are called adjectives.

G Adjectives till us the shape, size, color and number of a noun.

Grammar-2 28
 10
Making Comparisons

Read the sentences given below :

1. The giraffe is taller than a horse.

2. An ant is smaller than a butterfly.

3. An elephant is bigger
than a cow.

4. The peacock is more beautiful

than a crow.

Grammar-2 29
To show comparison between two things, places, persons or animals
we use –er form of the describing word. Sometimes, we use more. We
also use than.
A. Tick (3) the correct words that describe Mrs and Mr Dutta.
1. Mr Dutta is (thin, fat).
2. Mrs Dutta is (fat, thin).
3. Mr Dutta is (tall, short).
4. Mrs Dutta is (short, tall).
5. Mr Dutta is wearing (green, black) pants.
B. Tick (3) the correct words in the brackets.

1. A snake is (longer, shorter) than the stick.

2. The teacher is (younger, older) than the student.

3. A mountain is (bigger, smaller) than a hill.

4. Hira is (shorter, taller) than Reema.

5. A mouse is (bigger / smaller) than a cat.

Grammar-2 30
 11
A, An, The – Articles

Look at the pictures and read the group of words

an elephant a mouse a computer an orange

a book a boy an ant

A is used before nouns beginning with a consonant sound e.g. a lion
An is used before nouns beginning with a vowel sound e.g. an elephant
The is used in the following ways :
1. When we talk about a particular thing e.g. take the chair which is
lying near the bed.
2. Before nouns which are one of their kind eg. The moon shines in
the sky.
3. Before the names of large water bodies i.e. rivers, seas, oceans
and canals eg The Ganga is a holy river.
4. Before the names of monuments eg- The Red Fort is in Delhi.
5. When we talk about the same noun again. Eg- I saw a lion. The
lion was in the cage.
Grammar-2 31
Look at the pictures and read the sentences given below :

Eskimos live in A horse is a The Gateway of India

an igloo. domestic animal. is in Mumbai.

A. Reeta has a basket full of words. She is confused. Help her to put
these words in the correct columns.

A An

a n ge umbrella ice cream
or eagle ship
pen
Bible
house
aeroplane book

B. Fill in the blanks with articles a / an. One has been done for you.
1. Rahul asked ________
a question.
2. I eat ________ apple every day.
3. The farmer has ________ ox and ________ buffalo.
4. We bought ________ umbrella.
5. We are looking for ________ house.
6. I shared ________ piece of cake and ________apple with my
friend.
Grammar-2 32
C. Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.
1. _______________ Taj Mahal is in Agra.
2. I want _______________ yellow balloon.
3. Anu wants to keep ________ owl as__________ pet.
4. Charu wants ______ aeroplane and _______ doll for her birthday.
5. __________ rainbow is seen after _______ rain.
6. I play games on _________ computer.
D. Complete the following passage with appropriate articles.

There was _________ lady who lived in ______ old house on ______
border of ______ big forest. She had ______ pet bear. She had found
it in ______ forest. It was so small at that time that she fed it with
______ bottle. But now, this pet had grown up to ______ big bear.
E. Match the columns.
A B
1. An apple a day on the roof
2. The cow is without an umbrella
3. An owl was sitting keeps the doctor away
4. I have come a year ago
5. I first met him a useful animal
Grammar-2 33
 12
Use Of ’s

Sheila has a cat.

This is Sheila’s cat.

Vicky has got black shoes.

These are Vicky’s shoes.

Tina has two story books.

These are Tina’s story books.

We use –’s to answer whose. It is used to show the owner or user of

that thing. It tells us whom the thing belongs to.

A. Add s to the naming words to show belonging. One has been done
for you.

1. Clown cap clown’s cap

_________________

2. Elephant ears _________________

3. Mother saree _________________

4. Ram computer _________________

5. Butterfly wings _________________

Grammar-2 34
B Add s and fill in the blanks with the words given in the brackets.
1. I left ___________ purse on the table.(mom)
2. My ___________ boss is a nice man.(dad)
3. The ___________ room is upstairs. (Children)
4. ___________ sister is twelve years old.(Sunita)
5. ___________ ball was lost in the garden.(Ajay)
6. The ___________ rays were shining brightly.(sun)
C. Rewrite the sentences using ’s. One has been done for you.
1. Mr Sharma has a big house.
Mr Sharma’s house is big.
__________________________________
(house belongs to Mr Sharma)
2. The lion has sharp claws.
__________________________________
(claws of the lion)
3. The student has white uniform.
__________________________________
(uniform belongs to the student)
4. The woman has a bag. It is black in colour.
(Bag of the woman.)
____________________________________
5. This is the office of my father. It is near our house.
(office belonging to father)
____________________________________

Grammar-2 35
 13
I, You, He, She, We, They, It

Read the sentences given below :

My friend’s name is Seema. Ravi and Rahim are classmates.

She is a nice girl. They are friends.

This is my house. Alok eats an apple.

It is near the park. He is fond of it.

He, she, they, it, we, you are called pronouns.

G He is used for males.
G She is used for females.
G I, you, it, we, they can be used for both males and females.
Grammar-2 36
A. Underline the pronouns in the following sentences.
1. He is a good writer.
2. She is my best friend.
3. My brother lives in Mumbai.
4. I play golf.
5. They are fond of me.
6. We will go to Goa in December.
B. Rewrite each sentence using a pronoun to replace the
underlined noun. One has been done for you.
1. Riya and Reema sit together.
_They sit together.
_________________________________
2. Navya is a good dancer.
__________________________________
3. Anil wants to go to the zoo.
__________________________________
4. The dog began to bark at the stranger.
__________________________________
5. Mr Sharma washes his car everyday.
__________________________________
C. Tick (3) the correct pronoun from the brackets.
1. My father is a famous doctor. _______________ (he, she,
they) is a surgeon.

Grammar-2 37
 2. Rani is fond of baking cakes.
________ (She, He, They) bakes
lovely cakes.

3. I and Rehaan live in the same

house. ___________ (We, They,
You) are brothers.

4. Reema and her brother have

gone out. _________ (We, they,
you) will come back at 8 p.m.

5. This is a table. ______________

(It, He, She) is made of wood.

D. Fill in the blanks with I, we, you, he, she, it or they.

Ravi and Rahim are friends. _______
found a lamp. _______ was lying on
the road side. Ravi said to Rahim,
“_______ can take _______.” Rahim
answered, “No, _______ will share
it.”

Grammar-2 38
 14
Me, Us, You, Him, Her, It, Them

Read the sentences written below :

Ramnika – Mother, we are hungry. Give us something to eat.
Mother – What do you want?
Ramnika – Give me a cake. Rahul loves Maggie. Give him some Maggie
noodles. Ruby likes sandwiches. Give her a vegetable sandwich.
Words which are an answer to the question whom or what are also
called pronouns. These words are me, us, you, him, her, it, them.
A Tick (3) the correct words in the brackets.

1. I am thirsty. Please give (me/him)

something to drink.

2. Puja is studying. Don’t disturb (him/her).

Grammar-2 39
 3. This is my new dress. Do you like (it/him)?

4. Do (you/it) have a dog?

5. Let (us/it) listen to music.

6. The teacher told the children to go to the

staffroom. She told (them/her) to carry their
books with (them/him)

7. I am reading your books. I will return

(it/them) next week.

B Fill in the blanks with me, us, you, him, her, it or them.

1. Close your book and listen to ___________.

2. We go for a walk every day. Come with ___________.

3. My scarf is dirty. I will wash ___________.

4. What will ___________ all like to eat?

5. I have not seen your new car. What colour is ___________?

6. Children are free today. Take ___________ to the zoo.

Grammar-2 40
 15 Mine, Yours, His, Hers,
Ours, Theirs
Read the sentences written below :

This dress is mine. This car is theirs.

The words which answer the questions whose and show whom the
thing belongs to are also pronouns. They are used in place of
naming words. Such pronouns are mine, his, hers, ours, its, theirs.

A. Tick (3) the correct words in the brackets.

1. I paid for this scarf, so it is (theirs/mine).
2. These books are (theirs/their).
3. She has made these cards. They are (hers/his).
4. This school is (our/ours).
5. I didn't have any pen so Ria lent me (her/yours).
B Fill in the blanks with mine, yours or hers.
1. That girl is a friend of ____________.
2. How is that cousin of ____________?
3. Where are my shoes?These are not ____________.
4. She is Geeta. The pencil on the table is __________.
5. Are these toys ____________?
Grammar-2 41
 REVISION 1
A. Underline the nouns in the following sentences.
1. The dog is under the table.
2. My father has gone to Delhi.
3. Rita is a good girl.
4. The garden is full of followers.
5. Geeta wants to eat an ice cream.
B. Rewrite the following sentences in the plural form.
1. The cup is on the table.
______________________________________________________
2. The mouse is under the chair.
______________________________________________________
3. The thief stole the bag.
______________________________________________________
4. There is a ship in the sea.
______________________________________________________
5. My sister is driving a car.
______________________________________________________
C. Write the feminine nouns of the following masculine nouns.
Choose the words from the box.

gander, doe, mare, sister, aunt, huntress

1. deer ____________ 2. uncle ____________

3. goose ____________ 4. brother ____________
5. horse ____________ 6. hunter ____________
Grammar-2 42
D. Fill in the blanks with describing words given in the box.
fast, clean, mare, tall, high, fast, red
1. Hira is a ____________ girl.
2. Gaurav is a ____________ boy.
3. She is wearing a ____________ scarf.
4. The Himalayas are ____________ mountains.
5. The water in the jug is____________.
6. He is a ____________ runner.
E. Fill in the blanks with a, an or the to complete the passage.
I looked up at __________ sky, and saw __________ eagle flying high.
When ____________ eagle began to dive. All ____________ mice ran
to save their lives!
F. Circle the correct Pronouns.
1. I have a cotton pant. (It / She) is black.
2. Ajay and Neha live in Kanpur. (Them /They) are my friends.
3. Reeta and I are cousins. (Us / We) play in the graund.
4. Mohit is my brother. (He / His) is in Class 2.
5. Adnan is a player. (He / Him) plays well.

Grammar-2 43
 16
Doing Words – Verbs

Look at the picture above.

1. The teacher teaches the students.
2. Students sit on the benches.
3. They read a book.
Teaches, sit, read are doing words.
Doing words or action words are called verbs. They tell us that a
person is doing something.
A. Underline the verbs in the sentences given below.
1. The baby cries when it is hungry.
2. A cow eats plants and grass.
3. A barber cuts hair.
4. I eat bread for breakfast.
Grammar-2 44
 5. All my friends play together.
6. The monkey jumps from one branch to another.
B. How do these animals cry ? Match the columns.

1. a) chatters

2. b) quacks

3. c) trumpets

4. d) moos

5. e) roars

6. f) bray

C. Help these people to complete the sentences given below.

1. I am a teacher
I ______________ students.

2. I am a cobbler.
I _______ shoes

Grammar-2 45
 3. I am a gardner
I _____________ trees..

4. I am a chef.
I ______ food.

D Look at the pictures to complete the doing words.

1. d__nc__ 2. r__n

3. pl___y 4. m___w

5. s___ng 6. c__ __

7. j__mp 8. c___ ___k

E. Read my routine and write doing words in the box given. One has
been done for you.
brush say eat go wear study tells speak
I wake up at six o’clock in the morning. I ________ my teeth every day.
I ________ ‘good morning’ to my parents. I ________ my breakfast at
7 o’clock. I ________ to school at 7:30 a.m. I ________ my uniform
when I go to school. I ________ all the subjects. My teacher ________
me to ________ the truth.

Grammar-2 46
 17
Is, Am, Are

Read these sentences :

This is a giraffe.
Those are elephants.
I am happy.
The coloured words is, are, am are helping verbs. They help us to
form a complete sentence and tell us what a noun is.

I am
She
He is
happy.
It
We
They are
You
Grammar-2 47
We use is when we talk about a single person or a thing.
We use am when we talk about ourselves.
We use are when we talk about two or more than two people or
things.

A. Fill in the blanks with is, am or are.

1. New Delhi _______ the capital of India.

2. They _______ good friends now.

3. I _______ a student of class II.

4. He _______ a doctor.

5. Juhi and Manish ________ in the park.

B. Fill in the blanks with is, am or are.

1. My grandpa __________ seventy years old.

I __________ his only grandson.

We __________ like friends.

2. Shriya __________ my friend.

Her hair __________ short.

Her smile __________ sweet.

We __________ in the same class.

I __________ her best friend.

Grammar-2 48
 18
Was, Were

We use was in place of is and were in place of are when we talk about
the state of things in the past.
Example : I was late for school.
Namita and Sarita were late for school.
Note : G We use was for one person.
G We use were for more than one person.
G Remember you is followed by were.
A. Fill in the blanks with was or were.

1. Nitin, Amit and Suresh __________ in the stadium yesterday.

2. It __________ an interesting novel.

3. They __________ ready for school.

4. Your book __________ on the table.

5. You __________ fond of sweets.

B. Tick (3) the correct word in the brackets.

1. I (was, were) in class-1 last year.

2. Reema (was, were) not well last night.

3. Rahul and Priya (was, were) on the swings.

4. The shop (was/were) closed at 8 P.M.

5. The mangoes (was/were) ripe and tasty.

Grammar-2 49
 19
Has / Have

G Sonu has a toy car.

G Rohit has a toy aeroplane.
G Sonu and Rohit have two toys.

We use has for one person, animal or thing.

We use have for more than one person, place, animal or thing.

Have is also used with I and you.

G I have two eyes.
G You have a big house.
G You have a lovely umbrella.
The box given below shows the correct use of has and have.
I
You
have
We
They long hair.
She
He has
It

A. Fill in the blanks with has or have.

1. I __________ a new ball.

Grammar-2 50
 2. The camel __________ a hunch back.

3. Giraffes __________ long legs.

4. We _______________ a laptop.

5. Mohan ____________ a new toy.

6. The fisherman _________ many fishes.

B. Tick (3) the right option in the brackets.

1. She ________ a pet dog. (has/have)

2. He ________ a cricket bat. (has/have)

3. We ________a red car. (has/have)

4. My doll ________ blue eyes. (has/have)

5. The rabbit ________ a furry tail. (has/have)

6. You ________ an umbrella. (has/have)

Grammar-2 51
 20
Had

‘Had’ is used in place of ‘has’ or ‘have’ when we talk about something

that has already happened. We use ‘had’ with I, we, you, he, she, they
and with special names when we have to tell things of past, e.g.– she
had a pet cat.
A. Tick the correct words in the brackets.
1. Karan (has/had) a pet rabbit called Jojo.
2. She (has/had) a fracture last week.
3. A year (has/had) 365 days.
4. I (had/has) a slice of bread with soup for
dinner.
5. She (had/has) her exam yesterday.

B. Fill in the blanks with has, have or had.

1. We ___________ a big car last year.

2. Elephants ___________ a long trunk.

3. The Indian flag ___________ three colours.

4. She ___________ a pizza yesterday.

5. Harish ___________ a golden watch.
Grammar-2 52
 21
Present Tense

Doing words also tell us about the time of action.

1. Rohan drinks milk 2. She drives very 3. The bird sleeps

everyday. carefully. in its nest.

4. Children play 5. I walk carefully. 6. You eat snacks

badminton. in the evening.
In the (1, 2, 3) sentences, we add s to the verb when we use it with a
singular noun or pronoun.
In sentences (4, 5, 6) we do not add s to the verb when use it with I,
you or plural noun or pronoun.
A. Read these sentences and tick the correct word.

1. He _________ (play/plays) basketball.

Grammar-2 53


2. We _________ (go/goes) for a picnic.

3. Ajay _________ (buy/buys) fruit

from the market.

4. John (watch / watches) TV everyday.

5. He _________ (ride/rides) an elephant.

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of doing words given in the
brackets.
Dog is a pet animal. People _________

(keeps / keep) it at home. It _________

(eat/eats) meat and _________

(drink/drinks) milk. It _________

(guard/guards) the house. I _________

(love/loves) dogs.

Grammar-2 54
 22
Is, Am, Are, +ing

Look at the picture above.

G Rahul is playing on a slide.
G Harish says, “I am playing with a ball.”
G Children are playing in the park.
We add ing to the main verbs and use them with is, are or am to
denote an action that is happening at the moment.
In the above sentences it can be noted that:
G We use is for one person or a thing.
G We use are for more than one person or thing.
G We use am when we talk about ourselves.
A. Fill in the blanks by adding is, are, am and ing to the verb given in
the brackets.
1. The dog ___________________ (bark).
2. Sonal and Reema ________________ (play).
3. The teacher _______________ (teach) English.
Grammar-2 55
 4. I am _____________ (do) my work.
5. My father _____________ (read) a book.
If the doing word ends with e, then we drop e and add ing e.g. write
–writing.

At times, we have to write the last letter twice and then add
‘ing’ e.g. run – running.
B. Rewrite the following verbs by adding ing to them.
1. Dance ____________
2. Bite ____________
3. Twinkle ____________
C. Rewrite the ing form of following verbs by doubling the last letter.
1. Swim ____________
2. Knit ____________
3. Jog ____________
D. Fill in the blanks with is, am or are with ing form of the verb given
in the brackets to complete the passage.
Today is Sunday. I______ (do) my pending school work. My
brother___________ (clean) his bookshelf. Father __________ (read)
the newspaper.
Mother______________ (cook)
something special for all of us. The
servant__________ (wash) the
clothes. Everybody_____________
(feel) relaxed.

Grammar-2 56
E. Complete the following sentences by filling in is, are or am with
the ing form of the doing words.

1. Mother _____________ (cook) in the kitchen.

2. I _____________ (write) a letter.

3. We _____________ (eat) our dinner.

4. Birds_____________ (fly) in the sky.

F. Tick the correct option from the brackets.

1. The boy ____________ packing his bag. (is/or)
2. I ____________ up the stairs. (am climbing/ is climb)
3. You ____________ learning to play the guitar. (are/is)
4. We ____________football. (are playing/ is playing)
5. They ____________ chocolates from the shop. (is buying/are
buying)
Grammar-2 57
 23
Past Tense

When the action word tells us that the action took place in the
past, it is said to be used in the past tense.

Look at the sentences given below :

G They played cricket.
G I hoped to win a prize.
We add d or ed to the ac on word to denote an ac on that happened in
the past.
A. Add -d or -ed to the following words to change them in the past
tense.

1. I share my chocolate. __________

2. Ritika dives into the pool. __________

3. My mother bakes a cake. __________

4. The lion roars in the jungle. __________

5. She paints a beautiful scenery. __________

6. Ronit learns his lesson. __________

Grammar-2 58
Action words that end with ‘y’ are changed into the past tense by
dropping ‘y’ and replacing it with –ied.
Example : cry cried.
B. Add –ied to the following words to change them into past tense.
1. fry __________ 2. try __________
3. hurry __________ 4. dry __________
5. study __________ 6. spy __________
Words in present tense can be changed into past tense by
changing their spellings as well.
buy – bought swim – swam
bring – brought drink – drank
fly – flew eat – ate
make – made go – went
slep – slept ring – rang
hang – hung
C. Tick (3) the correct words in the brackets.
1. The boys (play/played) football last evening.
2. I (eat/ate) eggs for dinner last night.
3. He (watch/watched) a wonderful movie yesterday.
4. Last summer we (go/went) abroad.
5. I (buy/bought) my clothes yesterday.
6. Mona (invite/invited) all her friends for her birthday.

Grammar-2 59
D. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ing words given in the
brackets.

1. Chimpu had a banana.

His friend Pinku ___________
(come) to take the banana
away from him.

2. Both the friends ___________

(start) fighting for the banana.

3. Kitty, the cat, ___________ (see) the

monkeys fighting. It came close
without making noise.

4. Kitty ___________ jump on

the banana and ___________
(run) away with it.

5. Chimpu and Pinku ___________ (stop)
fighting. They ___________ (sit)
down and were sad. They did not
fight after that day.

Grammar-2 60
 24
Prepositions

Look at the picture above :

Vikram is in the market with his mother. There are many vegetable
sellers sitting on the pavement. Men are standing under a tree. The
tree is near the vegetable sellers.
Words that show the position of a person, place, animal or thing are
called prepositions e.g. in, on, at, under, between, behind, over, into,
up and down.
A. Look at the pictures and tell the position of the naming words.

1. The painting is ________ the wall.

2. The cat is ______ the table.

3. The birds fly _______ the sky.

Grammar-2 61
 4. The cat jumped _______ the wall.

5. Reena placed the plates _______ the table.

6. Priya is standing _______ the tree.

B. Underline the prepositions in the following sentences.

1. The dog ran behind the cat.
2. Who is knocking at the door?
3. Rama lived in a small village.
4. This lady comes from Mumbai.
5. I am standing near the market.
C. Complete the story of Sindbad with appropriate prepositions
from the box.
up, under, in, into, on, behind
Once upon a time, Sindbad was sailing
________ the sea with other sailors when
suddenly, a large whale came from ________
the water. Everyone fell ________ the sea. All
others managed to swim but Sindbad was left
________. After a while, he was seen running
________ the sandy beach. He climbed
________ a tree to look for his fellow sailors. But
he could not see anyone.

Grammar-2 62
 25
Joining Words

Look at the picture and observe the sentences.

G Geeta and Neeta are best

friends.
G Geeta is short and fat. But
Neeta is tall and thin.
G They go to school by bus
or by car.

The words ‘and’, ‘but’ and ‘or’ help us to join sentences. Such
words are called conjunctions. (Joining Words)

A. Fill in the blanks with ‘and’ ‘or’ or ‘but’.

1. Meher wore a green _______ white shirt.
2. I am tall _______ you are short.
3. Alice fell down _______ hurt herself.
4. The king is rich _______ the beggar is poor.
5. You must study for the test _______ you will fail.
6. Mother took me to the shop _______ bought me a new dress.
7. The bus stopped _______ the man got off.
8. Do you want tea _______ coffee?
Grammar-2 63
B. Tick (3 ) the correct words in the brackets.

1. Our uniform is white (and, or) red.

2. Puja is fat (and, but) Ritu is thin and thin.

3. Which toy do you like – the big one (and,

or) the small one?

5. This book is small (or/but) heavy.

C. Join these sentences with ‘and’ or ‘but’. One has been done for
you.

1. She speaks English. She speaks Hindi
She speaks English and Hindi.
________________________________
2. Jane sings. Her brother does not sing.
________________________________

3. She is ill. She is cheerful
_______________________________

Grammar-2 64
 4. I can eat a banana. I can eat an apple.
_____________________________

5. Cow is a domestic animal.

Dog is a domestic animal.
_____________________________

6. The stars are shining in the sky.

The moon is shining in the sky.
_____________________________

D. Complete the following passage with and / but / or.

Tony won the first prize________felt very
happy ________ this did not make him
arrogant. He told his friends and family that
he wanted to become a doctor________ a
scientist ________ serve his country.

Words which help us in joining words or sentences are called joining

words/conjuctions. And, But, Or are example of conjuctions.

Grammar-2 65
 26
Who, What, Where, Which, When

Reeta is speaking to her friend Geeta on the phone.

Reeta – Hello. Who is speaking?
Geeta – Hellow. I am Geeta.

Reeta – What are you doing?

Geeta – I am reading a book.

Reeta – Which book are you

reading?
Geeta – I am reading a book on
yoga.

Reeta – When do you think you

can finish the book?
Geeta – I think I can finish it by 5
o'clock.

Reeta – Where can we meet after

that?
Geeta – We will meet in the park
at 6 o’clock.
Who, What, Where, When, Which are all pronouns that are used
to ask questions.

Grammar-2 66
A. Tick (3) the correct words in the brackets.
1. (What/When) did you drink ?
2. (When/Where) is your birthday?
3. (What/Which) is your classroom?
4. (Who/Which) is knocking at the door?
5. (Where/What) have you kept the books?
B. Fill in the blanks with who,which,what,when or where.
1. _________ is the name of that girl ?
2. _________ car is parked outside ?
3. _________ did you put your umbrella ?
4. _________ do you play after school ?
5. _________ will you study for your exam?
C. Below are given answers to some questions. Fill in the right
pronoun to form questions.
1. ______ is that girl?
She is my friend.
2. ______ is her name?
Her name is Bhavya.
3. ______ does she live?
She lives in Delhi.
4. ______ did she come?
She came last week.
5. ______ is her favourite game?
She loves to play chess
Grammar-2 67
 REVISION 2
A. Fill in the blanks with is, am or are.
1. Sunil ___________not well.
2. These boys ___________ my classmates.
3. I ___________ a daughter or a teacher.
4. Rana ___________ tired.
5. Dr. Gupta ___________ a surgeon.
6. They ___________ not at home.
B. Fill in the blanks with are or am with –ing form of the doing words.
1. I _________________________________________milk. (drink)
2. The students _____________________________comics. (read)
C. Circle the correct words within the brackets.
1. I (has /have) a doll.
2. I (has/have) a farm house in Saket.
3. She (has/have) a doll house when she was a child.
4. She (has/have) a beautiful smile.
5. Anil (has/have ) a motorbike.
6. My parents (has/have) seen my report card.
D. Fill in the blanks with was or were.
Pooja ____________ in the school. Other students ____________ also
in the school.
E. Fill in the blanks with has, have or had.
Rekha ______________ a scooter when she was eighteen years old.
Now she ______________ a car. I also ______________ a car.

Grammar-2 68
F. Tick (3) the correct words given in brackets.
1. The girls are sitting (in/on) the room.
2. The glass of milk is (in/on) the table.
3. The eggs are (in/on) the basket.
4. The teacher is standing (near /on) the blackboard.
5. My shoes are lying (on/under) the bed.
6. He is looking (at/on) the stars.
G. Fill in the blanks with who, which, when, where or what.
1. _________ are birds sitting ?
2. _________ is your name ?
3. _________ will you come back ?
4. _________ has won the race ?
5. _________ book is yours ?
6. _________ will you go to Mumbai ?
H. Fill in the blanks with correct words from the box.
reads, play, eats, drinks, writes
1. My mother a _________ a lot of tea.
2. Girls _________ badminton.
3. Cow _________ grass.
4. Vivek _________ a letter.
5. She _________ the cake. It is her birthday.
6. He _________ a newspaper everyday.
I. Join the two groups of words using and, but or or.
1. Sita lives in Delhi. Priya lives in Mumbai.
2. Keep quiet. Go away.
3. He is polite. His brother is rude.

Grammar-2 69
 27
Comprehension

A. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.

Give a suitable title to the passage.
Title : ___________________________
Wild animals live in forests and grasslands. These animals are not
kept as pets at home. They do not live in our homes like cats and
dogs. They do not live on farms like sheep, goats or cows. You
may see many of these animals in a zoo or a circus. They do not
like living in these places. They like to live in their natural homes,
where they can be free. They roam around under the trees. They
are able to find their own food. They find safe places to stay.
Wild animals do not need the help of people. Now people
understand how to keep wild animals happy. Huge areas of
forest land are left safe for these beautiful creatures. These are
called wildlife parks. Here, animals feel happy and safe. Hunters
are not allowed to harm them. People can go to see them in
these special parks.
1. Find word in the passage which mean the following :
a) animals kept at home _________________________
b) a place where animals are
made to do tricks _________________________
c) walk around _________________________

Grammar-2 70
 d) very large _________________________
2. Read the passage again and then complete these sentences.
a) Wild animals live ____________________________________.
b) __________________________ and ___________________ may
live in homes.
c) __________________, ___________________, _______________ and
___________________ may live on farms.
d) Wild animals like to be in their________________ homes.
e) Hunters are not allowed to harm wild animals that live
in ________________ parks.
B. Read the following passage and answer the questions that
follow :
Robinson Crusoe was a sailor. One day, there was a terrible
storm, and his ship sank. He was thrown onto an island where no
one else lived.
Crusoe made himself a house to live in, with a tall fence to keep
the wild animals out. He lived on the island all by himself for
many years. He got quite used to being alone. He talked to his
parrot and to his dog because there was no one else to talk to.
1. Tick (3)the correct option.
a) Robinson Crusoe was a –
i) Tailor
ii) Sailor

Grammar-2 71
 iii) Merchant
b) Where was he thrown?
i) Land
ii) Desert
iii) Island
c) He talked to his.
i) Parrot and dog
ii) Cat and dog
iii) Parrot and pigeon
2. Writer one common and one proper noun from the
passage.
a) Common noun ______________________________________
b) Proper noun ______________________________________
3. Make sentences
a) terrible ________________________________________________
b) island ________________________________________________
C. Read the passage and answer the questions.
Mother Duck walked back home with her ducklings. She had
taken six of them to a pond for a swim. When she reached back
home, she started counting them- one, two, three, four and five!
"Oh dear!" said Mother Duck, "Where is the sixth one?"
Mother Duck went back to look for the last duckling. She looked
behind the bushes, under the trees and over the fence. The little
Grammar-2 72
duckling was nowhere to be found.
Mother Duck went to the pond. Splash – Splash! There was the
little duckling, swimming and playing with the frogs.
1. How many ducklings went for a swim to the pond?
_______________________________________________________________
2. How many ducklings come back home?
_______________________________________________________________
3. At what three places did Mother Duck look for her baby?
_______________________________________________________________
4. Where did she find the baby duckling?
_______________________________________________________________
5. What was the baby doing there?
_______________________________________________________________
6. Pick out the opposites of the following words from the
passage.
_______________________________________________________________
a) lost _____________________________________________________
b) over _____________________________________________________

Grammar-2 73
 28
Picture Composition

A. Look at the picture given below and answer the following

questions.

1. What are the two boys doing ?

________________________________________________________________
2. What is hanging over the table?
________________________________________________________________
3. Where is the kettle kept?
________________________________________________________________
4. Name any two things kept on the table.
________________________________________________________________
5. Write the plurals of
i) table _______________ ii) glass _______________

Grammar-2 74
B. Look at the picture given below and answer the following
questions.

1. What is the farmer holding in his hand?

________________________________________________________________
2. How many goats are there in the picture?
________________________________________________________________
3. Where is the tree ?
________________________________________________________________
4. Change the gender of the following words
a) Cow __________________________
a) Hen __________________________

Grammar-2 75
C. Look at this picture. Write a few sentences about it.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Grammar-2 76