John Deere Standard

APPROVED FOR SUPPLIER

DISTRIBUTION JDM B8

Ductile (Spheroidal Graphite) Cast Irons —

Specification

Table of Contents
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................................ 3
3 Designations ......................................................................................................................................... 3
4 Mechanical Property Requirements ..................................................................................................... 6
5 Standard Test Bars............................................................................................................................... 7
6 Test Bar Property Requirements .......................................................................................................... 8
7 Casting Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 8
8 Product and Supplier Approval Procedures ....................................................................................... 10
9 Quality Assurance .............................................................................................................................. 12
10 Test Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 13
11 References ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Summary of Changes from Previous Edition
(For Information Only — Not Part of the Standard) ............................................................................ 17

List of Tables
Table 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................................... 3
Table 2 Designations and Descriptions of JDM B8 Ductile Cast Iron Grades ......................................... 4
Table 3 Cross Reference Between JDM B8 and Other Standard Ductile Cast Iron Grades ................... 5
Table 4 Mechanical Property Requirements of JDM B8 Ductile Cast Iron .............................................. 6
Table 5 Technically Equivalent Test Methods ....................................................................................... 13

Current edition: Supersedes: First issued:

2021-03-12 2015-05-01 1959-01-01 Design Control: DT Page 1 of 17
John Deere Standards are intended for use by Deere & Company, its divisions and subsidiaries. Suppliers who rely on them in
furnishing products to or for the benefit of the Company must determine that they are in possession of the latest version. Distribution
of the standards to parties other than John Deere Suppliers, whether with or without charge, are for information only and
Deere & Company disclaims all responsibility for results attributable to the application of or compliance with such standards. The
Company makes no representation, express or implied, that conformity ensures compliance with applicable law or other rules or
regulations. Further, those who are in receipt of and elect to use the standards, agree to assume the responsibility for compliance
with patents, as well as potential patent infringement.
Deere & Company Engineering Standards Department, One John Deere Place, Moline, Illinois 61265-8098, U.S.A. Unpublished —
All rights reserved under the copyright laws.
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Standard Y-Block ........................................................................................................................ 7
Figure 2 Radial Test Zone For Determination Of Test Bar Hardness ..................................................... 13
Figure 3 Longitudinal Test Zone for Determination of Test Bar Hardness ............................................. 14

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1 Scope

1.1 JDM B8 specifies designations, test bar requirements, and casting requirements for six grades of
sand-molded ductile (spheroidal graphite) cast iron used by Deere & Company. These requirements
apply when JDM B8 grades are specified for John Deere parts or components. General information on
the engineering properties of ductile cast irons is provided in ISO/TR 10809-1.

Note 1 The terms "ductile cast iron", "spheroidal graphite cast iron", and "nodular cast iron" are considered
interchangeable terms for the type of cast irons covered by JDM B8.

1.2 JDM B8 grades are designated based on material properties obtained in test bars designed to
standardize cooling rate and on Brinell hardness of castings. Properties developed in certain casting
sections can vary from test bar values. When a working correlation between test bar properties and
casting section properties needs to be known with confidence for a specific application, appropriate
experimentation should be carried out to determine that correlation.

1.3 This standard can contain mandatory provisions, which are identified by the words “shall” or
“required”. Compliance with the mandatory provisions is required to claim conformance with this standard.
This standard can also contain guideline provisions, which are generally identified by the words “should”
or “recommended”. Compliance with the guideline provisions is not required, because they might not be
appropriate for all machines or all applications.

2 Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviations and acronyms relevant to this standard are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviation
or Acronym Meaning
DPAR Design, Process, and Assembly Review (conducted according to EQP201)
ISIR Initial Sample Inspection Report (conducted according to JDS-G223)
PFMEA Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
PPAP Production Part Approval Process (conducted according to EQ310)

3 Designations

3.1 Designation System

3.1.1 JDM B8 ductile cast iron grades are designated using a combination of four factors:
• Ratio of tensile strength to BrineIl hardness, as measured in a standard test bar (used primarily for
foundry process control and for property predictions)
• Tensile strength, as measured in a standard test bar
• Casting hardness, as measured at specified locations on the casting
• Elongation, as measured in a standard test bar.

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3.1.2 Designations and descriptions of the JDM B8 ductile cast iron grades are shown in Table 2. Each
basic JDM B8 grade designation is composed of a letter, a 3-digit number, a letter, and a 2-digit number.
The first letter represents the minimum tensile strength to hardness ratio in a test bar; for JDM B8 grades,
this letter is “N”. The 3-digit number represents the specified minimum tensile strength level in a test bar,
expressed in MPa. The second letter represents the casting hardness range; a different letter is assigned
to each specified hardness range. The 2-digit number represents the minimum elongation in a test bar,
expressed in percent.

3.1.3 Table 2 also shows the relationship between current JDM B8 grades and former John Deere
ductile cast iron grade designations. The corresponding current JDM B8 grade shall be substituted when
one of the former JDM B8 grade designations is specified.

Table 2 Designations and Descriptions of JDM B8 Ductile Cast Iron Grades

JDM B8 Former
Grade Description JDM B8 Grade
Annealed ductile iron with matrix microstructure of ferrite;
 400 MPa tensile strength,  250 MPa yield strength, and  18 %
N400F18 B8D
elongation test bar properties; 143 HBW to 173 HBW casting
hardness range.
As-cast ductile iron with matrix microstructure of predominantly
ferrite;  400 MPa tensile strength,  250 MPa yield strength, and
N400H15 None
 15 % elongation test bar properties; 143 HBW to 194 HBW casting
hardness range.
As-cast ductile iron with matrix microstructure of ferrite and pearlite
(typical matrix phase distribution  60 % ferrite);  450 MPa tensile
N450G12 None
strength,  280 MPa yield strength, and  12% elongation test bar
properties; 153 HBW to 214 HBW casting hardness range.
As-cast ductile iron with matrix microstructure of pearlite and ferrite
(typical matrix phase distribution  50 % pearlite);  500 MPa tensile
N500D08 N500D07
strength,  320 MPa yield strength, and  8 % elongation test bar
properties; 173 HBW to 235 HBW casting hardness range.
As-cast solution strengthened ductile iron with a matrix
microstructure of predominately ferrite (typical matrix phase
N500D14 distribution  90 % ferrite and  5% pearlite);  500 MPa tensile None
strength,  400 MPa yield strength, and  14 % elongation test bar
properties; 173 HBW to 235 HBW casting hardness range.
As-cast ductile iron with matrix microstructure of pearlite and ferrite
(typical matrix phase distribution  50 % pearlite);  550 MPa tensile
N550B06 B8A
strength,  350 MPa yield strength, and  6 % elongation test bar
properties; 173 HBW to 255 HBW casting hardness range.
As-cast ductile iron with matrix microstructure of predominantly
pearlite;  700 MPa tensile strength,  440 MPa yield strength, and
N700E02 B8B
 2 % elongation test bar properties; 245 HBW to 295 HBW casting
hardness range.
• The appropriate JDM B8 grade shall be substituted when one of the former JDM B8 grades is specified.

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3.2 Other Standard Grades
3.2.1 Table 3 provides a cross reference between John Deere and a selection of other standard grades
of ductile cast iron. For John Deere parts, JDM B8 grades may be substituted for the corresponding cross
reference grades shown in Table 3. The cross reference grades shall not be substituted for the
corresponding JDM B8 grades without verification of the producing foundry’s statistical capability to meet
the requirements of the specified JDM B8 grade according to the provisions of JDM B8 and written
approval by John Deere.

3.2.2 To qualify as fully meeting a specified JDM B8 designation, a grade shown in Table 3 shall satisfy
all applicable requirements of JDM B8.

Table 3 Cross Reference Between JDM B8 and Other Standard Ductile Cast Iron
Grades
JDM ISO ASTM EN GB/T GOST IS JIS
B8 1083 A536 1563 1348 7293 1865 G5502
EN-GJS-400-18
N400F18 JS/400-18 60-40-18 QT400-18 None SG400/18 FCD400-18
5.3105
EN-GJS-400-15 VCH40
N400H15 JS/400-15 None QT400-15 SG400/15 FCD400-15
5.3106 ВЧ40
EN-GJS-450-10 VCH45
N450G12 JS/450-10 65-45-12 QT450-10 None None
5.3107 ВЧ45
EN-GJS-500-7 VCH50
N500D08 JS/500-7 None QT500-7 SG500/7 FCD500-7
5.3200 ВЧ50
EN-GJS-500-14
N500D14 JS/500-10 None QT500-10 None None FCD500-10
5.3109
N550B06 JS/550-5 80-55-06 None QT550-5 None None None
EN-GJS-700-2 VCH70
N700E02 JS/700-2 100-70-03 QT700-2 SG700/2 FCD700-2
5.3300 ВЧ70
• For John Deere parts: JDM B8 grades may be substituted for the corresponding grades specified from other
standards as shown. Ductile cast iron grades from other standards shall not be substituted for JDM B8 grades
without verification of foundry's statistical capability to meet the requirements of the specified JDM B8 grade
according to the provisions of JDM B8 and written approval by John Deere.

3.3 Material Callout

The material callout shall include the standard number and the material designation (grade). A long
hyphen (dash) may be inserted between the standard number and the material designation.

Examples JDM B8 N400F18 JDM B8 N500D14

JDM B8 N400H15 JDM B8 N550B06
JDM B8 N450G12 JDM B8 N700E02
JDM B8 N500D08

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4 Mechanical Property Requirements

Mechanical property requirements of JDM B8 ductile cast iron grades are shown in Table 4. Mechanical
property requirements in Table 4 are statistical limits determined by interval tolerancing methods of
analysis according to JDQ 83. JDQ 83 analyses of mechanical properties shall be performed in
accordance with requirements for sample population limits and confidence levels as stated in clause 9.3
and the bullet items in Table 4.

Table 4 Mechanical Property Requirements of JDM B8 Ductile Cast Iron

Test Bar Properties
Casting Properties
Tensile Yield
Strength Strength Elongation Brinell Casting Hardness
JDM B8
Grade T/H Ratio MPa MPa % HBW MPa

 143  1400
N400F18  0.275  400  250  18
 173  1700
 143  1400
N400H15  0.275  400  250  15
 193  1900
 153  1500
N450G12  0.275  450  280  12
 214  2100
 173  1700
N500D08  0.275  500  320 8
 235  2300
 173  1700
N500D14  0.275  500  400  14
 235  2300
 173  1700
N550B06  0.275 550  350 6
 255  2500
 245  2400
N700E02  0.275  700  440 2
 295  2900
• T/H ratio. Calculate T/H ratio as tensile strength of the test bar (in MPa) divided by Brinell hardness of the test
bar (in MPa): T/H ratio = T(MPa)/H(MPa). T/H ratio is affected by the type and amount of graphite in the
microstructure.
• T/H ratio and elongation. Calculate population lower limits for 95 % of the population with 90 % confidence
(P = 0.95, C = 0.90) per JDQ 83B.
• Tensile strength and yield strength. Calculate population lower limits for 99 % of the population with 75 %
confidence (P = 0.99, C = 0.75) per JDQ 83B.
• Brinell casting hardness. Calculate population upper and lower limits for 99 % of the population with 75 %
confidence (P = 0.99, C = 0.75) per JDQ 83A.
• TBD. TBD means that the requirement is to be determined.
• Rounding of individual results and calculated statistical limits. T/H ratio shall be rounded and reported to
the nearest 0.001. Tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded and reported to the nearest 1 MPa.
Brinell hardness shall be rounded and reported to the nearest 10 MPa or 1 HBW (1 kg/mm2). Elongation shall
be rounded and reported to the nearest 0.1%. Follow the rounding method of ASTM E29.
• Conversion factors:
MPa to kpsi, multiply by 0.14503774 kpsi to MPa, multiply by 6.894757
MPa to HBW, multiply by 0.10197162 HBW to MPa, multiply by 9.80665

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5 Standard Test Bars

5.1 The production and testing of separately cast test bars shall be part of the supplier's documented
control plan.

5.2 Test specimens shall be machined from standard 25 mm Y-blocks that have been cast in silica
sand molds made from a suitable core process (such as cold box, oil sand, and warm box processes) in
conformance to ISO 1083, ASTM A536, EN 1563 or technically equivalent standard, unless otherwise
agreed between supplier and purchaser.

5.3 Y-blocks for test specimens shall be poured according to the supplier's approved control plan,
concurrently with and of the same grade and metallurgical processing as the production castings which
the Y-blocks represent. Y-blocks shall, without exception, be left in the mold until they have cooled to
500C. Test specimens shall be machined only from the 25 mm section of the Y-block. See Figure 1.

5.4 Keel blocks or modified keel blocks may be substituted for Y-blocks when written agreement is
obtained from John Deere. Test bars cast in-mold (referred to in ISO 1083 and EN 1563 as “cast-on”
samples) may be substituted for separately cast test bars when written agreement is obtained from
John Deere.

Nominal dimensions of Y-block per ISO 1083 and EN 1563:

u = 25 mm; v = 55 mm; x = 40 mm; y = 140 mm; z = function of test piece length
Nominal dimensions of Y-block per ASTM A536:
u = 25 mm; v = 54 mm; x = 75 mm; y = 150 mm; z = 175 mm

Figure 1 Standard Y-Block

5.5 The frequency of casting Y-blocks during production shall be sufficient to assure on-going
statistical conformance to test bar property requirements for the specified grade according to Table 4. The
minimum frequency of casting Y-blocks during production is one Y-block per operating shift per target
iron. See clause 9.3.2 for an explanation of what constitutes a target iron.

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6 Test Bar Property Requirements

6.1 Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness in individual test bars shall be
determined according to one of the test methods shown in Table 5for the appropriate property.

6.2 Valid tests of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and T/H ratio in individual test bars,
poured concurrently with and representing production castings, shall be within the limits shown in Table 4
for the specified JDM B8 grade.

6.2.1 If valid test results from an individual test bar fail to meet specified requirements, the supplier
shall have a documented reaction plan, approved by John Deere, for assuring the quality of castings
poured during the production period associated with the non-conforming test bar.

6.2.2 The recommended documented reaction plan to non-conforming test bars is to validate
conformance of mechanical properties in the castings by cutting a test bar from a minimum of three
separate castings (or from runner bars if these are still available) with section thickness of approximately
25 mm, which were produced throughout the time span represented by the original non-conforming test
bars. If any of the three validation test bars fails to meet the specified requirements, all castings
represented by the non-conforming test bars shall be scrapped.

6.2.3 With approval by the purchasing John Deere unit, if castings or runner bars of approximately
25 mm section thickness are not available, validation test bars may be cut and machined to a smaller size
according to one of the tensile test methods shown in Table 5.

7 Casting Requirements

7.1 Brinell Casting Hardness

7.1.1 Locations for Brinell Casting Hardness Tests

7.1.1.1 Brinell casting hardness shall be determined at one or more locations on the casting. Locations
for Brinell casting hardness tests should be specified on the part drawing. If no locations are specified on
the part drawing or otherwise agreed upon by producer and John Deere, the producing foundry may
select the locations for casting hardness tests.

7.1.1.2 Locations for hardness tests should recognize and be compatible with manufacturing operations
and part integrity. Hardness locations should also take into account the physical relationship between
section size, cooling rate, and casting hardness. Product engineers should consult with the producing
foundry before hardness locations are specified.

7.1.2 Method of Brinell Casting Hardness Tests

Brinell casting hardness shall be determined in conformance to one of the test methods listed for Brinell
hardness in Table 5.

7.1.3 Frequency and Sample Size of Brinell Casting Hardness Tests

Frequency and sample size of hardness testing shall be part of the foundry’s quality control plan,
approved by John Deere, and shall be sufficient to assure conformance to casting hardness requirements
specified in Table 4.

7.1.4 Standard Brinell Casting Hardness Ranges

Unless otherwise specified according clause 7.1.5, Brinell casting hardness shall be within the limits
shown in Table 4 for the specified JDM B8 grade.

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7.1.5 Alternate Brinell Casting Hardness Ranges

Alternate Brinell casting hardness ranges may be specified on the part drawing. Results of all hardness
tests shall then fall within the specified range, which takes precedence over the values shown in Table 4.

7.2 Microstructure
7.2.1 General

The supplier shall incorporate metallographic examination of microspecimens for microstructural

conformance into its approved quality control plan.

7.2.2 Graphite Type

Graphite shall be 80% spheroidal graphite, defined as Type I and Type II according to ASTM A247 or as
Form V and Form VI according to ISO 945-1. There shall be 10% compacted (vermicular) graphite,
defined as Type IV according to ASTM A247 or Form III according to ISO 945-1. There shall be no flake
graphite, defined as Type VII according to ASTM A247 or Form I according to ISO 945-1.

7.2.3 Validation of Nodularity

7.2.3.1 Unless otherwise agreed between supplier and purchaser, nodularity samples shall be poured
concurrently with and shall be of the same grade and metallurgical processing as the production castings
which the nodularity samples represent.
7.2.3.2 The required frequency of nodularity testing depends on the treatment method being used.
• For batch treatment, where discrete batches are treated and those distinct batches are further
directly processed and poured into molds, each batch shall be tested for nodularity from liquid
metal representative of the last iron poured into molds.
• For continuous operations where multiple treatment batches are comingled in a holding furnace,
the last iron dispensed from the holding furnace and poured into molds prior to any new addition of
liquid metal to the furnace shall be checked for nodularity.
• For in-mold treatment, the supplier’s control plan for assuring the nodularity requirement in each
casting shall be approved by John Deere.

7.2.3.3 Percentage of nodularity shall be determined either by counting and classifying the types of
graphite present according to ISO 945-1 or ASTM A247 or by comparing observed images of properly
prepared, cut and polished samples through a metallurgical microscope to reference charts approved by
John Deere. Other methods (for example, image analysis, thermal analysis, or ultrasonic measurement)
may be used only when explicitly approved by John Deere.

7.2.3.4 If nodularity test results fail to meet specified requirements, the supplier shall have a
documented reaction plan, approved by John Deere, for assuring the quality of castings poured during
the production period associated with the non-conforming nodularity test.

7.2.4 Chill

Castings shall be substantially free of chill (white or mottled iron) as defined in ASTM A644. There shall
be no chill in areas to be machined.

7.2.5 Matrix Microstructure

The matrix microstructure shall conform to the metallurgical description shown in Table 2.

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7.3 Heat Treatment

N400F18 castings are produced by ferritizing anneal heat treatment. N400H15, N450G12, N500D08,
N500B14, N550B06, and N700E02 castings are normally provided in the as-cast condition. Salvage heat
treatment of as-cast grades shall be permitted only with prior approval by the purchaser. To be accepted
after salvage heat treatment, individual castings shall meet the casting hardness requirements shown in
Table 4 for the specified grade. The purchaser may specify additional requirements.

7.4 Repair Welding or Cosmetic Enhancement of Castings

7.4.1 Castings shall not be repaired by welding without prior approval by the John Deere design control
unit.

7.4.2 Castings shall not be cosmetically enhanced by the producing foundry without prior approval by
John Deere.

Note 2 Cosmetic enhancement includes but is not limited to processes such as fillers and solder.

7.5 Other Requirements

Unless otherwise covered in this standard or specified on the part drawing or agreed during DPAR,
castings shall conform to the requirements of JDM B15 for parts adopted after 1994-06-30 or to the
requirements of JDM B11 for parts adopted before 1994-07-01.

7.6 Chemical Composition

7.6.1 Chemical composition requirements may be agreed upon between the supplier and purchaser,
but chemical composition is not specified by JDM B8. For grade N500D14, silicon content is typically
3.5 % to 4.5 % with carbon content reduced to balance carbon equivalent.

7.6.2 The producer shall establish and maintain a range of chemical compositions that provide ductile
cast iron meeting the specified mechanical property and microstructural requirements for each JDM B8
grade produced. Chemical composition shall be included in the supplier's internal documented quality
control plan.

7.6.3 No matter what chemical composition is used, the requirements specified in clause 4 through
clause 7 shall be met.

8 Product and Supplier Approval Procedures

8.1 Demonstration of Process Capability for Approval of Casting Suppliers

8.1.1 Casting suppliers shall have a stable, controlled process which includes their demonstration of
capability to meet the property requirements of the specified grade according to Table 4.

Note 3 For demonstration of process capability, the property levels indicated for the JDM B8 grade designations
are statistical limits evaluated according to the calculation method in clause 9.3.

8.1.2 For initial demonstration of capability by new suppliers, a minimum of 20 separately cast test bars
obtained over a period of at least one month shall be analyzed for mechanical properties. Separate
approvals apply to each JDM B8 cast iron grade for mechanical properties.

Note 4 Using JDQ 83 methodology (see clause 9.3), as the sample size (n) increases, the K factor value
decreases, which results in tighter statistically calculated control limits for stable processes.

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8.1.3 For on-going demonstration of capability, casting suppliers shall include in their internal
documented control plan provision for periodic analyses of their statistical capability to meet the
requirements in Table 4 for mechanical properties in test bars and for casting hardness. Upon request by
John Deere, suppliers shall submit process data to validate their demonstration of process capability to
meet the property requirements of the specified grades.

8.1.4 The frequency of testing separately cast test bars and of determining casting hardness during
production shall be sufficient to assure statistical conformance to property requirements of the specified
grade according to Table 4.

8.2 Supplier Quality Audits

In addition to demonstration of process capability, the casting supplier shall complete an acceptable
supplier quality audit according to provisions of JDS-G223, which includes the John Deere Special
Process Audit for Casting Suppliers. Periodic audits may be required at intervals to be determined by
John Deere.

8.3 Initial Review and Acceptance of Sample Castings

8.3.1 Prior to shipment of production castings by a supplier, both the supplier and John Deere should
review sample castings for conformance to requirements according to clause 6 and clause 7. This review
should include confirming conformance to mechanical property limits, according to test results from
separately cast test bars poured concurrently with the sample castings, as well as to requirements for
casting hardness, microstructure, casting soundness, surface finish, and dimensional tolerances of the
sample castings.

8.3.2 Procedures for review and approval of sample castings are the responsibility of the purchasing
John Deere unit. Procedures shall include a DPAR or PPAP. Conformance of parts to specified
requirements shall be documented by an ISIR

8.4 On-going Acceptance of Production Castings

8.4.1 The producing foundry shall establish a documented quality control plan, supported by a PFMEA,
for review and approval by John Deere. The quality control plan shall include provisions to monitor the
production of castings according to clause 6 through clause 7.6 to ensure that the specified requirements
are met.

8.4.2 Production castings shall be sampled and tested by the producing foundry in conformance to its
approved quality control plan.

8.4.3 Any significant change in part geometry, gating and risering, or casting production process
requires the casting supplier to achieve re-approval of castings to the requirements of clause 8.1 and
clause 8.3 from the purchasing John Deere unit in accordance with the change request procedure in JDS-
G223.

8.4.4 Individual test results from valid tests shall conform to the property limits for the JDM B8 grade
produced. The producing foundry shall not ship castings that do not meet specification requirements.
Production castings may be sampled and tested by the purchasing John Deere unit. Production lots
which do not meet requirements may be rejected by the purchasing John Deere unit.

8.4.5 Individual John Deere units may require additional measures of quality assurance, which may
include supplier quality certification. Any decision to require such certification and the details of any
certification program are the responsibility of the purchasing John Deere unit. However, the requirements
of JDM B8 shall not be lessened or negated by unit certification programs. Refer to JDS-G223 for further
information.

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9 Quality Assurance

9.1 Responsibility
The casting supplier that accepts an order for ductile iron castings according to JDM B8 shall coordinate
all steps in the manufacturing process to assure that parts and test specimens conform to the specified
requirements.

9.2 Documentation
The producing foundry shall document all testing with dated records of the test results to be retained for a
period of at least four years, and as otherwise required by local regulation. Records shall include the
results of all microstructural analysis, chemical analyses, tensile and hardness tests on test bars, and
hardness tests on castings. The records and test facilities shall be available for inspection by the
purchaser.

9.3 Statistical Analysis of Data

9.3.1 General

When assessing capability, interval tolerancing methods of statistical analysis according to JDQ 83, as
specified in the bullet items in Table 4, shall be used to determine conformance of test bar mechanical
properties and Brinell casting hardness to the requirements of JDM B8 cast iron grades.

9.3.2 Sample Populations for Data Analysis of Test Bar Mechanical Properties

Appropriate populations of data shall be determined prior to statistical analysis for evaluation of
conformance to this specification. For test bar mechanical properties, populations shall be based on
significant differences in foundry practice, such as melting method, charge materials, inoculation practice,
and targeted chemical composition. It is understood that a foundry might intentionally establish, within a
given grade of iron, different "target irons" with different process targets in order to achieve desired
properties in the final castings. Statistical analysis of a sample population shall include only test bars that
represent the same target iron. Results of all valid tests for each property on each target iron shall be
included for data analysis of each sample population.

9.3.3 Sample Populations for Data Analysis of Brinell Casting Hardness

Appropriate populations of data shall be determined prior to statistical analysis for evaluation of
conformance to this specification. For Brinell casting hardness, populations shall be based on Brinell
hardness tests on castings of each part number at each specified casting location. Statistical analysis of a
sample population shall include only the hardness results from the same specified location on an
individual part number casting. Results of all valid tests for each specified hardness location on each part
number shall be included for data analysis of each sample population.

9.4 Test Validity

9.4.1 Tests for determination of mechanical properties from test bars shall be considered valid unless
one or more of the following conditions applies:
• An improper test method was used.
• The test specimen or its preparation was defective.
• The test specimen was improperly mounted in the test equipment.
• The test equipment was operated incorrectly.
• The test specimen did not fracture within the gage section.

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9.4.2 If a test is determined to be invalid, a new test specimen shall be prepared, if possible, according
to clause 5 and from the same production lot as the test specimen used in the invalid test. Results from
the valid test shall be substituted for those from the invalid test.

10 Test Methods

10.1 Identification of Test Methods

Properties of JDM B8 ductile cast iron shall be determined by one of the test methods listed in Table 5 or
by other test methods that are shown to be technically equivalent.

Table 5 Technically Equivalent Test Methods

Property ISO ASTM JSA
ASTM E8
Tensile Strength ISO 6892-1 JIS Z2241
ASTM E8M
Yield Strength ASTM E8
ISO 6892-1 JIS Z2241
(0.2% offset method) ASTM E8M
ASTM E8
Elongation ISO 6892-1 JIS Z2241
ASTM E8M
Brinell Hardness
(test method modified per ISO 6506-1 ASTM E10 JIS Z2243
JDM B8, clause 10.2)

10.2 Test Bar Brinell Hardness Test

10.2.1 Test bar hardness shall be taken at a position within the zone between 2.5 mm from the test bar
center to the midpoint between the as-cast radius and the center (the radial test zone shown in gray in
Figure 2) and between 50 mm and 75 mm from the as-cast end (the longitudinal test zone as shown in
Figure 3).

10.2.2 Brinell hardness of test bars shall be determined using a 10 mm diameter tungsten carbide ball
and a 29.42 kN (3000 kg) load according to one of the standards listed in Table 5.

Figure 2 Radial Test Zone For Determination Of Test Bar Hardness

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JDM B8 APPROVED FOR SUPPLIER
DISTRIBUTION

LC

50 mm
Longitudinal Test Zone for Determination of Test Bar Hardness
75 mm

Figure 3 Longitudinal Test Zone for Determination of Test Bar Hardness

10.3 Chemical Analysis

Determination of chemical composition shall be performed using recognized analytical methods.
Reference methods shall conform to appropriate ISO or ASTM standards.

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 APPROVED FOR SUPPLIER
DISTRIBUTION JDM B8
11 References
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.

11.1 Access to John Deere Standards

11.1.1 John Deere Standards can be accessed by John Deere personnel via the Engineering Standards
internal website.

11.1.2 Employees of suppliers with an approved John Deere supplier number can obtain access to
John Deere Standards via the JD Supply Network (JDSN). Access to JDSN is by approved individual
name and password. Suppliers should contact their Supply Management representative with questions
about JDSN.

Note 5 Only John Deere Standards which have been approved for supplier distribution are available via JDSN.

11.2 Access to Standards from External Organizations

11.2.1 Most standards from organizations external to John Deere are available to John Deere personnel
via the Engineering Standards internal website.

11.2.2 Suppliers are responsible for obtaining relevant external standards. In accordance with copyright
laws and Company policy, John Deere personnel shall not provide copies of these standards to suppliers.

11.3 John Deere Standards

0B

JDM B11 General Requirements for Iron Castings (Applies to Parts Adopted Before 1 July
1994)
JDM B15 General Requirements for Iron Castings (Applies to Parts Adopted After 30 June
1994)
JDQ 83 Interval Tolerancing Method of Statistical Analysis
JDS-G223 Supplier Quality Manual
RES 10404 Ductile Cast Iron

11.4 Other John Deere Publications

1B

EQP 201 Enterprise Quality Manual — Design, Process, and Assembly Review
EQP 310 Enterprise Quality Manual — Production Part Approval Process

11.5 ASTM Standards (ASTM International)

2B

ASTM A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Cast Iron
ASTM A536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
ASTM A644 Definitions of Terms Relating to Iron Castings
ASTM E8/E8M Method of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
ASTM E10 Test for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials

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JDM B8 APPROVED FOR SUPPLIER
DISTRIBUTION

11.6 EN Standards (European Committee for Standardization — CEN)

3B

EN 1563 Founding — Spheroidal graphite cast irons

11.7 GB/T Standards (Chinese National Institute for Standardization — CNIS)

4B

GB/T 1348 Spheroidal graphite iron castings

11.8 GOST Standards (Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and

5B

Certification — EASC)
GOST 7293 Cast iron with spheroid graphite for castings — Grades

11.9 IS Standards (Bureau of Indian Standards — BIS)

6B

IS 1865 Iron castings with spheroidal or nodular graphite

11.10 ISO Standards (International Organization for Standardization)

7B

ISO 945-1 Microstructure of cast irons — Graphite classification by visual analysis

ISO 1083 Spheroidal graphite cast Iron — Classification
ISO 6506-1 Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6892-1 Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room
temperature
ISO/TR 10809-1 Cast irons — Part 1: Materials and properties for design

11.11 JIS Standards (Japanese Standards Association)

8B

JIS G5502 Spheroidal graphite iron castings

JIS Z2241 Method of tensile test for metallic materials
JIS Z2243 Method of Brinell hardness test

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 APPROVED FOR SUPPLIER
DISTRIBUTION JDM B8
A
Summary of Changes from Previous Edition
(For Information Only — Not Part of the Standard)

2021-03-12 Editorial Revision:

Revised Table 5 yield strength offset method from 2% to 0.2%.

2015-05-01 Revisions:

Add new clause 2 and Table 1 for abbreviations and acronyms.

Add new clause 3.1.3 to clarify relationship of current and former JDM B8 grades.

Revise Table 2 (was Table 1) to add new grade N500D14.

Revise Table 3 (was Table 2) to include relevant grades from GB/T 1348, GOST 7293, IS 1865, and
JIS G5502 and to add cross-reference grades for new N500D14.

Add example material callout for JDM B8 N500D14.

Revise Table 4 (was Table 3) to add requirements for new grade N500D14.

Add new reference standards to clause 11.

Incorporate a variety of minor editorial revisions.

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