Identifying a

research problem
Group 1: Cabezas Adrián, Caiza Daysi, Corrales
Karelis, Guzmán Francisco, Pazmiño Isaac & Villalta
Bronny
 How to identify an
appropriate research
problem

-The research problem is the heart of a study.

-Issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in

knowledge
 Where to Find a
Research Problem

-real life -literature, -recommendations

-academic reports, or for the future
environment databases studies
Examples
 Evaluate a research problem
A research problem is deemed appropriate when it is ..

Supported by the Significant Timely

literature

Novel Specific and Researchable

Clear
 Supported by the
01 Literature
Relevant and supported by a number of
recent peer-reviewed studies.

Conduct a literature search.

Support the problem and need for

conducting research.
 Significant
Practical Conceptual
Impact Impact

Direct The work

application of advances the
the results in the field by filling a
field. knowledge gap.
 Timely

It should be related to well-suited for the

the current needs in present status of the
the field. issues in the field

supporting the
Identifying a current
problem with the
question in the field
recent literature
Novel
Research problem Communication
Original and unique Talking to experts

Address Novelty
A gap in knowledge or
If an already-resolved
application
problem holds in a new
sample or context

Review of literature
To identify if it is fresh
and unique
Avoid vague Specific and clear
research
problems Specific enough

Set direction of the study

Raise research questions

Appropriate research
method and design
 Researchable
- Scientific method
- You as the researcher should be
able to solve the problem with your:
Available
Research
Abilities research Designs
sites
methods
NOTE: Do not confuse a
research problem with a
Resources Timeframe
research topic. A topic is
something to read and obtain
information about whereas a
problem is something to solve
or framed as a question that
must be answered.
Example of specific research questions
Example of an Example of a
Issue unclear specific
question question

● How can I
identify the
factors
● A grade nine which
student has ● How can I affect my
reading in
poor reading become a
Khmer
skills in good language
Khmer reader? so that I
language. can
become a
fluent
reader?
References:

● Kebritchi, M. (2017, February 9). How to Identify an Appropriate Research

Problem | University of Phoenix Research Hub. University of Phoenix.

https://research.phoenix.edu/blog/how-identify-appropriate-research-problem

● Boudah, D. J. (2019). Conducting Educational Research: “Guide to Completing a

Thesis, Dissertation, or Action Research Project” (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications,

Inc.
Thanks!
 REVIEWING

THE
LITERATURE June 1st

2022
Members:
Azuaje Génesis
Cabrera Angie
Flores Paula
Guachamín Josselyn Research
Ortiz Alanys
Pazmiño Valeria
INTRODUCTION
1. Definition
2. Steps
3. Types
4. Data base
Definition

IS A PIECE OF ACADEMIC
WRITING DEMONSTRATING
KNOWLEDGE AND
UNDERSTANDING OF THE
ACADEMIC LITERATURE ON A
SPECIFIC TOPIC PLACED IN
CONTEXT
HOW TO WRITE A
LITERATURE
REVIEW?
STEPS
 STEP 1
STEP 2
Define your STEP 3
research scope Plan your
research Search
approach strategically:
- Establish the
research area, topics,
be efficient but
- Build a checklist: through
and questions.
Important aspects of

- Use the keywords
your research area.
- Keywords / main and concepts.

concepts. - Establish categories:

- Identify where to

important themes
search.
- Organize search

results.

 STEP 4 STEP 5
Manage your
literature with Critical reading
online tools and analysis
Iterative process of
Zotero software searching, reading, taking
Author notes and writing.
Date of
publication Skimming: unrelevant
Page number literature.

Length: 7 lines.
 STEP 7
STEP 6
Benchmark from Assemble the
other literature texts and write
reviews
- Check existing literature
reviews. - All sources together.
- Organize the literature review - Write following the structure:
keeping the connection between introduction, main body and
topics. conclusion
- Give an interpretation and not
a quote.
TYPES OF LITERATURE
REVIEW
 TRADITIONAL OR NARRATIVE
Current knowledge of
Comprehensive Critical Objective
a topic

General: most Methodological:

important and critical focused on research
aspects. methods.

Theoretical: theory Historical: through a

shapes research. period of time.
 SCOPING

Identify literature on a specific research question.

IT'S NOT

A synthetized result of a ACTUALLY It provides a map of

question. evidence.
 SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

(SLR) Identifies, Example: A study of studies

selects, and critically
appraises research in
order to answer a It collects
clearly formulated

question (Dewey, A . &

Drahota, A. 2016)
All existing evidence
 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
It consists of two components: Citation and Annotation.

There are generally 4 styles.

Writing style Descriptive

Concise
Summary
us works Critical
Previo
ic Combined
Academ
cabula ry
vo

Examples:
List of citations to books, articles, and documents.
 DATABASES
EDUCATION
RESEARCH
COMPLETE
SPRINGER
ERIC LINK

Database for
education
Education Online students,
Resources collection of professionals and
Information peer-reviewed policymakers.

Center, journals, book Providing hundreds

series of full-text
specifically
education journals,
hosts published by
it covers all levels
education- Springer
of education, from
related covering a
early childhood to
literature. variety of topics
higher education.
in the sciences,
social sciences,
and humanities.
 REDALYC
DATABASES DIALNET
SCOPUS

Database and a
digital library of
Multidisciplinar
Database of
open access
y portal that bibliographic
journals,
compiles and references,
supported by
provides access abstracts and
the Universidad
mainly to citations from the
Elsevier publishing
Autónoma del
documents
group. It collects Estado de
published in
information from México with the
Spain in any
different help of
language,
publications from numerous other
published in
different areas of higher
Spanish in any
knowledge. education
country or
institutions and
dealing with
information
Hispanic topics.
systems.
¡THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!
Questions or doubst?
References:
GradProSkills (2020). 7 easy steps to do a literature review.
Retrieved from
https://www.concordia.ca/cunews/offices/vprgs/gradproskills/blo
gs/2020/06/04/7-easy-steps-to-do-a-literature-review.html
The University of Edineurgh. (10 de Septiembre de 2021). The
University of Edinburgh. Obtenido de The institute for academic
development: https://www.ed.ac.uk/institute-academic-
development/study-hub/learning-resources/literature-review
Charles Stunt University (s.f).Literature Review: Types of
literature reviews. Obtained from
https://libguides.csu.edu.au/review/Types
 Members
Jonathan Poaquiza
Ruth Maji
Adriana Miquinga
John Troya
Sharon Maldonado
Group N °3 Abigail Saritama
Jonathan Poaquiza
 Letters, manuscripts,

diaries.
Speeches, interviews
Photographs, audio,

and video recording.

Research data.

Ruth Maji
- Second-hand account
- Analyzes primary sources
- Add commetaries to primary sources

Adriana Miquinga
Books, articles and
documentaries
Descriptions
Textbooks and
encyclopedias.
Reviews and essays.

Sharon Maldonado
Letters and Photos of
diaries historical events

Biography Documentary
about the
historical event

Sharon Maldonado
 Primary Sources
First-hand evidence

Provide qualitative and

quantitative data

Abigail Saritama
 Secondary Sources
Second-hand
information

Describe, interpret,
evaluate, or analyze
information from
primary sources

Abigail Saritama
HOW TO IDENTIFY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
SOURCES?
IT'S TIME TO ANALISE
IT'S TIME TO ANALISE
 Delozier, A. (n.d). "Primary Sources - An Introductory Guide". Recovered from:
https://library.shu.edu/primarysources/prim-sources

Santiago Canyon College. (2019). Primary and Secondary Sources. Retrieved from sccollege:
https://sccollege.edu/Library/Pages/primarysources.aspx

USC Libraries. (2022). Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper

- Secondary sources. Retrieved from: https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/secondarysources

Ginn Library. (n/d). Primary and Secondary Sources. Recovered from: https://ginnlibrary.tufts.edu/primary-and-
secondary-sources#

Indiana University Bloomington Libraries. (2017). Identifying Primary and Secondary Sources. Retrieved from:
https://guides.libraries.indiana.edu/primarysources

 SPECIFYING A PORPUSE
STATEMENT FOR RESEARCH
JHILAINY CANDELARIO
JESSICA CHANGOLUISA
CHRISTIAN NIEVES
JAMES PAZ
GALO QUILCA
7A GISSEL SALAZAR
ALISON TATAYO
 What is a purpose
statement in Research?
Declarative
statement

MAIN GOAL GUIDANCE INTRODUCTION

 LOCATION AND LENGTH

SPECIFIC
The purpose
GOAL
statement should
come at the end of PRECISE
the introduction ORIENTED
IS A DECLARATIVE SENTENCE

IMPORTANT

GALO
 Components of a Purpose Statement

QUALITATIVE PURPOSE STATEMENT

- Information about the central

phenomenon explored
- Participants and the research site
- General definition

A QUANTITATIVE PURPOSE STATEMENT A QUANTITATIVE PURPOSE STATEMENT

- The theory being tested

- Type of strategy and its justification
- The variables and their relationship

cHRIS
 Qualitative Purpose Statement
Ali

WORDS - LANGUAGE
ELEMENTS

PROCEDURES

Basic design features

TO SIGNAL SINGLE ACTION VERBS NON-DIRECTIONAL

ATTENTION PHENOMENON

LANGUAGE


TO CONVEY HOW

“PURPOSE” OR CONCEPT OR LEARNING WILL NEUTRAL WORDS AND

“OBJECTIVE” IDEA TAKE PLACE PHRASES
 Qualitative Purpose Statement

PROVIDE A GENERAL INCLUDE WORDS THAT DENOTE

MENTION THE IDENTIFY THE SITE
WORKING DEFINITION THE INQUIRY STRATEGY THAT
PARTICIPANTS IN FOR THE RESEARCH,
OF THE CENTRAL WILL BE USED IN DATA
THE STUDY

PHENOMENON OR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS.

HOMES,
IDEA.

TYPE OF CLASSROOMS,
AN ETHNOGRAPHIC,

PARTICIPANTS. ORGANIZATIONS,
GROUNDED THEORY, CASE
INFORMATION PROGRAMS, OR
STUDY,
FROM EVENTS.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL, OR
PARTICIPANTS. NARRATIVE APPROACH.

JESSY
 To assist in designing a purpose statement, the writers include a “script”

EXAMPLE:

JESSY
QUANTITATIVE

PURPOSE

STATEMENT
 VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES
AFFECT OUTCOMES RESULTS OF THE IV

MEDIATING VARIABLES

“STAND BETWEEN” IV & DV

DESIGN OF A QUANTITATIVE PURPOSE STATEMENT
WORDS TO SIGNAL THE MAJOR INTENT OF THE STUDY

IDENTIFICATION OF THE THEORY MODEL

IDENTIFICATION OF THE IV, DV, CONTROL OR MEDIATING VARIABLES

WORDS THAT CONNECT THE IV AND DV TO INDICATE THAT

THEY ARE BEING RELATED.

ORDERING OF THE VARIABLES FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN THE

PURPOSE STATEMENT

MENTION THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF STRATEGY

USED IN THE STUDY

EXAMPLE
 A MIXED METHODS PURPOSE STATEMENT
BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES QUALITATIVE

GUIDELINES

SIGNAL WORDS TYPE OF MIXED JUSTIFICATION

METHOD DESIGN

1. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND A PROBLEM

2. OPINIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTS
3. STATISTICAL AND QUANTITATIVE
RESULTS
4. NEEDS OF A MARGINALIZED GROUP
OR INDIVIDUALS.
 A MIXED METHODS PURPOSE STATEMENT

GUIDELINES

GOOD QUALITATIVE GOOD QUANTITATIVE ADD INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES
 Bibliography

Betts, J. (n.d.). Research Paper Purpose Statement Examples. Yourdictionary.com. Retrieved May 31, 2022, from

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/research-paper-purpose-statement-examples.html
Kurniawan, A. L., Ardiansyah, W., Aryanti, N., Ujihanti, M., & Meirani, W. (2021). Writing the Purpose Statements in

Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Research. HOLISTICS, 13(2), Article 2.

https://jurnal.polsri.ac.id/index.php/holistic/article/view/4514
Salkind, N. (2010). Purpose Statement. Sagepub.com. https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyc-of-research-

design/n346.xml#:~:text=A%20purpose%20statement%20is%20a,resultant%20paper%20or%20dissertation%20c

hapter.
Turabian, K., Booth, W., Colomb, G. and Williams, J., n.d. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and

Dissertations, Eighth Edition: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. 8th ed.
¡THANKS!
 Collecting data

GROUP   5 

1. Nancy Alban
2. Cristina Chimbo ​
3. ​Erika Simbaña
4. Danya Bailón
5.Jonathan Pupiales
6. Karla Correa
 COLLECTING DATA
Information collection and measurement
process
In a systematically established way
2º Punto importante

That3ºallows
Puntoanswering
importante the research
questions posed.
4º Punto importante
 Consequences from improperly collected
data include
Inability to answer research questions accurately
Inability to repeat and validate the study
Distorted findings resulting in wasted resources
Misleading other researchers to pursue fruitless avenues of investigation
Compromising decisions for public policy
Causing harm to human participants and animal subjects
 TYPES OF DATA

Captures feelings, COLLECTING QUALITATIVE

DATA
emotions, or
subjective
perceptions of
something.
identify participants and sites
obtaining permissions
5
ST consider what types of information will best answer your research
EP
S design protocols or instruments for collecting and recording the
information.
administer the data collection
FORMS OF QUALITATIVE DATA
COLLECTION
QUALITATIVE METHODS MOST COMMONLY USED CAN BE
CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR BROAD CATEGORIES

OBSERVATIONS

INTERVIEWS AND QUESTIONNAIRES

DOCUMENTS

AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS
 COLLECTING
QUANTITATIVE DATA
NUMERICAL DATA

STATISTICAL
SIGNIFICANCE

ATTITUDES,
BEHAVIORS,
OPINIONS AND
OTHER VARIABLES
 FIVE STEPS IN TH PROCESS OF DATA
COLLECTION
1. Identify How to Select Participants

2. Identify the Permissions Needed

3. List Different Options for Collecting Information

4. Locate, Select, and Assess an lnstrument(s) for Use

in Data Collection
5. How will you administer the data collection?
 Example
Web-based questionnaire:
 Differences between quantitative and
qualitative data collection
One of the key differences between quantitative and qualitative data is in
how they are collected.
Quantitative data Qualititative data
Is generated by Is generated through
performing calculations interviews, and observations

Surveys Interviews
Analytics tools Questionnaires
Environmental sensors Observations

 Mixed method (quali-quanti)

Mixed methods combine quantitative and qualitative approaches

in a single study.
Analyzes quantitative and qualitative data together.
Mixed methods uses procedures for conducting research that
are typically applied in quantitative and qualitative studies to
understand research problem more fully.
Mixed method (quali-quanti)
SURVEY

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
 THE QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
- Data collection is based on measurement processes.
- Application of statistical methods of analysis
- Establishes patterns of behavior or tests hypotheses based on
numerical measurement and statistical analysis.
THE QUALITATIVE APPROACH
- Explores the social processes underlying human interactions
- Detailed descriptions of situations, events, people, interactions,
behaviors, and their manifestations.
 METHOD IDENTIFICATION
Qualitative Non-numerical
Conceptual analysis
Method data Finding
patterns in the
Quantitative data and
Statistical analysis Numerical data
method establishing a
relationship
between
Mixed Conceptual and Numerical and elements
method statistical analysis Non-numerical
data
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
 REFERENCES:
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (s.f.). EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Compentencies for
analysis and applications. Pearson . Obtenido de
file:///C:/Users/Deli/Downloads/Gay%20et%20al%20(2012)%20Educational%20resea
rch%20(2).pdf
John W. Creswell, (2015). Planning, Conducting, and Eva I uati ng Quantitative and Qua I
itative Research. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Obtenido de: file:///home/chronos/u-
73f95956bbc7d5bab25979f064e49ee1c158397f/MyFiles/Downloads/Creswell%20(
2015)%20Educational%20research%20(1).pdf
https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/n_illinois_u/datamanagement/dctopic.html#:~:te
xt=Data%20collection%20is%20the%20process,test%20hypotheses%2C%20and%
20evaluate%20outcomes.
Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling, Data Collection, and Analysis
Techniques in Mixed‐Method Studies. (2022). Wiley.com. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-
240X(200006)23:3\u003c246::AID-NUR9\u003e3.0.CO;2-H