DECISION SCIENCES FOR

MANAGERS PROJECT
Digitalising healthcare - Smart health management

Prakhar Shourya Jain

DM21A160
Q1. Describe the problem that you want to solve

The theme I have taken is the Digitalizing healthcare – Smart health management. As moving forward, the
technology needs to be upgraded or adapted to better service and respond to people. Healthcare departments
also need to embrace digitization and adopt technology if they want to keep themself more relevant. Any
organization that fails to adapt to technology will always face problems in this ever-changing world. One of the
benefits of digitalizing the Healthcare industry is Digital health has the potential to prevent disease and lower
healthcare costs while helping patients monitor and manage chronic conditions. It can also tailor medicine for
individual patients. Healthcare providers also can benefit from advances in digital health.

Due to the spurred of the covid-19 pandemic in the last 2 years, there is rapid digitization, increasing internet
and smartphone penetration, and government initiatives like National Digital Health Mission and Make in
India, the health care sector is digitizing and innovating in an accelerating speed. Due to this rapid acceleration
in digital innovation, the opportunities for healthcare companies and manufacturers will multiply and patient
outcomes will also improve. In digital healthcare there is a term called as telemedicine. As per World Health
Organization, telemedicine is the delivery of health care services, where distance is a critical factor, by all
health care professionals using IT for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease and injuries, research and
evaluation, etc…., all in the interests of advancing the health of individuals and their communities.

Government introduced eSanjeevani application and website for the patients and doctors which is a
telemedicine application where a patient can have a teleconsultation with the doctor and get the treatment
without actually visiting the doctor. This innovative solution has served around 1.8 Crore patients across the
country and is currently serving over 100,000 patients on a daily basis. Over 90,000 medical specialists,
doctors and paramedics have been trained and on-boarded on eSanjeevani to serve the Indian populace
remotely. eSanjeevani has evolved into the country’s largest outpatient services system and eSanjeevani is
spearheading the digital health revolution in the country.
 Source: the-ken.com:- eSanjeevani—The government-owned dark horse in India’s telemedicine

Features of eSanjeevani OPD:

Patient Registration Token Queue Management

Generation

Audio-Video ePrescription SMS/Email Notifications

Consultation with a
Doctor

Serviced by State’s Free Service Fully configurable (no. of daily slots, no. of
Doctors doctors/clinics, waiting room slots, consultation time
limit, etc).
 Source: https://esanjeevaniopd.in/Flowstep

Challenges faced by this application Abusive patients, availability of doctor and accessibility of the application
• Abuse: One of the limitations of eSanjeevani OPD platform is that registering with it does not require
any proof of identity. The registration is a two-step process. In the first step, patient is asked to verify
his/her phone number via a one-time password (OTP). In the second step, a complete registration form
needs to be filled with personally identifiable information such as name, age, sex, and address.
• Shortage of doctors/specialists: Another challenge in delivering online consultations via eSanjeevani
OPD is the shortage of doctors and specialists. There have been reports from patients about long
waiting time due to unavailaibility of doctors (Khanduja, Goli, and Singh 2021). Getting consultation
from a specialist is even more challenging for patients. Further, with the surge in COVID-19 cases in
the country, requirement of doctors to treat COVID-19 patients have increased thereby making it even
more difficult for doctors to provide online consultation.
• Access issues: The eSanjeevani platform is solely video-based and requires patient to have a
smartphone or laptop with internet connection. However, as of October, 2019, around half of India’s
population is digitally excluded which includes the individuals which either have feature phones with no
internet connection or they do not have a mobile phone (Khanduja, Goli, and Singh 2021). Moreover,
the patient is required to fill registration form online, available in English language only. In such a
 situation, the most vulnerable segment of the population will not be able to access remote consultation
services.

Q2. Give reasons for choosing the problem

The reason I choose this problem is that the healthcare systems have been at the heart of societal and
economic recovery in recent times due to the spread of covid-19 around the world. Their resiliency and
innovation as India sought to build more equitable and digital futures for all have been immense, helping face
the ongoing pandemic and other everyday medical challenges. Now, as governments collaborate with
healthcare leaders and tech experts to realize the true potential of digitally-driven service solutions, the
progress made in recent times must be protected and enhanced.

Healthcare systems are relying on digital transformations to turbocharge long-term resiliency. Government
has created an eSanjeevani scheme which is a telemedicine application which provides the medical consultancy
over the internet which removes the geographical distance factor between the patients and doctors. It can be
very useful is situations like such as covid-19 pandemic but the issue of adaptation can reduce the
effectiveness of this application. If people are not aware of this or there are no enough consultants getting
onboarded, then this application will not achieve its purpose.

People will still rely on face-to-face consultancy. After analyzing data, I arrived at this issue that the doctors
onboarding and getting fewer by the months when it should be increased. Also, the returning of the patient is
very less as compare to the expected which I will show in below data. There will be no use of keeping this
application if there are no sufficient number of consultants joining this application. The effectiveness will be
nullified of this application. If this application is known to people and the number of consultants joining the
application increases, it can change the traditional consultancy process and the reach of the medical facility will
be unimaginable. Below is the potential shown of the by the eSanjeevani app which they can achieve.
 Source: the-ken.com:- eSanjeevani—The government-owned dark horse in India’s telemedicine race
As for the abuse, there has been many reports specially by the women consultant of abusive patients. Since
there are no basic details given, there is no way to track the abuser because to make the registration simpler,
they just have to use their mobile number and OTP which doesn’t tell anything about the person. This can
harm any consultant phytologically which can intern decrease the number of consultants actually using the app
and increase the wait time of the person.

As for the accessibility issue current the app is only had video consulting which can impose limitation for the
rural area where the people are not that much technically advanced or usually internet access is not present.
This application is designed to remove the geographical barrier and help people in rural are too to access the
medical facility online. But since they don’t have access to internet or not a technology user, it can pose as a
barrier to them.
 Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1748652

Q3. Identify the stakeholders

All major stakeholders are for this problem are: -

• Doctors: They are the consultant who will be joining the eSanjeevani app and helping the patients on
call but as we can see that there are so many vacant potions to be filled by not enough doctors are
available on the app. As from the above data we can see that the consults done per day on an average
is only 8,000 or a bit more but the potential it has 500,000 consults. So, doctors are one of the major
stakeholders in the problem with eSanjeevani app.
• Patient: They are the next major stakeholder. They are the once who are most required to make this
application successful. If they are not using this app, then there is no use of having so many doctors
onboarded. As per the claim made by Sood, 25 to 27%of the patients who used eSanjeevani app come
back for a second consultation possible for a follow-up. Where in contrast to one of its competitors,
DocOnline, a well-oiled, private telemedicine service, has a 50% follow-up rate which is very high
comparing it to the eSanjeevani app.
• App Developers: They are the people who have built this application for the people. eSanjeevani is a
telemedicine platform which was built by C-DAC’s Telemedicine Solution. There are two variants
eSanjeevani (AB-HWC) is a doctorto-doctor telemedicine platform that is extending the reach of
 health services (under Ayushman Bharat Scheme of Govt. of India) to populace in the rural and isolated
areas through 30,410 Health & Wellness Centres (HWC) and 2754 Hubs at tertiary level hospitals,
Medical Colleges in the States. eSanjeevani (AB-HWC) is to be implemented at the country’s all
1,55,000 HWCs by end of 2022.
• Healthcare worker: These are the people who help in patients get connected to the doctor. They can
especially be used in rural are where people are not technology enabled and can use their help to get
connected with the doctors.
Some more minor stakeholders are: -
o Hospital
o Health ministries
o Funding agencies
o Collaborators

Q4. Identify the decision-making environment for the given problem

According to the research done by me and articles collected from various sources, the type decision making
environment which can be identified for these problems of telemedicine app eSanjeevani in decision making
under uncertainty. Below I have shown the result of the data collected and justification for this type of
decision-making environment taken.
➔ Abuse use of platform:
After conducting an online survey there where 243 responses in total and below is the ration of genders who
answered that survey.

Gender

37%

63%

Male Female Others

As seen form the above, we can see that there are 63% male, 37% females and 0% others out of 243 reposes
received and there was a question in the survey which specifically asked “Do you feel safe to take call in the
eSanjeevani app?” is asked. Below are the results of this question asked gender wise.

Male Female
3%

27%

73%
97%

Yes No Yes No

As we can see from the above data, we can tell that specially women really feel uncomfortable when using the
telemedicine app eSanjeevani. There are other telemedicine apps too which faces this kind of abuse too some
of the instances/article are given below:-
1. According to microsave.net, there is an article “Reimagining the Indian government’s telemedicine
platform” [1] which also pointed out this issue with the telemedicine apps which is in general for all the
telemedicine platform. Below is the screenshot of the article related to the abusive use which can happen
through telemedicine platform i.e., eSanjeevani app.

Source: Microsave.net

2. Also, there is an article posted in December 29, 2020 by Times of India titled “Women docs sexually
harassed during e-consultations; website try to hide it” [2], which has showed some light to this type of
incidents. It said that, Doctors working for these companies such as Practo and Dhani have been facing
sexual harassment from patients on a regular basis. Though doctors are assured that identification
documents have been made mandatory for patients seeking to use teleconsultation services, there seems
to be no scrutiny of what is being uploaded and none of the websites reflect norms for consultation being
 made stricter. It also said that OTP verification merely confirms that the number given by the person,
pointed out a doctor. According to a statement given by a doctor in this article says “It’s very traumatizing,
especially the first time when it happened. Most of these calls happen at night and so now we have
requested the company to have mostly male doctors on call at night. They have also stopped allowing
unlimited consultation calls for a monthly subscription. That has brought down the number of such calls we
face,”.

Source: Times of India

This poses a threat because this can not only with this issue but can also reduce the use and onboarding of the
doctors in the platform. Which can create an issue with the adoption of the platform. Even if we know the
issue there are no possible permanent solution to this issue. This is why this problem comes under decision
making under uncertainty environment.

➔ Shortage of doctors/specialists:
According to the report posted in pib.gov.in which is a government website, Health Ministry’s flagship
telemedicine service - “eSanjeevani” records 3 Crore tele-consultations "eSanjeevani" telemedicine sets a new
record by completing 1.7 lakhs consultations in a day 2,26,72,187 served through eSanjeevani in Ayushman
Bharat-Health and Wellness Centers across the country. Below are the top 15 states with highest number of
consultants in top in eSanjeevani Telemedicine application:
 Sr States TOTAL (HWC & eSanjeevani AB-HWC eSanjeevani OPD
No. OPD)

INDIA 30049966 22672187 7377779

1 Andhra Pradesh 13147461 13118406 29055

2 Karnataka 4424407 2240571 2183836

3 West Bengal 2987386 2977774 9612

4 Tamil Nadu 1856861 152721 1704140

5 Uttar Pradesh 1758053 365248 1392805

6 Bihar 1002399 957226 45173

7 Maharashtra 930725 817800 112925

8 Madhya Pradesh 781262 775161 6101

9 Gujarat 753775 89229 664546

10 Assam 477821 450856 26965

11 Uttarakhand 473004 662 472342

12 Kerala 389860 3574 386286

13 Punjab 176837 172987 3850

14 Chhattisgarh 148242 147353 889

15 Himachal Pradesh 147546 142643 4903

Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1809569

Now according to WHO (World Health Organization) records, 1 doctor is available per 1000 patients should
be the ratio but in India the current ratio is 1 doctor is available per 1456 patients
 Source: https://the-ken.com/story/esanjeevani-the-government-owned-dark-horse-in-indias-telemedicine-
race/

There is a lot of shortage of doctors which eSanjeevani telemedicine app can resolve. Below is an image which
shows that what is the potential of the eSanjeevani app that can be achieved but still due to lack of doctors, it
is creating issue.

Source: https://the-ken.com/story/esanjeevani-the-government-owned-dark-horse-in-indias-telemedicine-
race/
According to a report titled National Teleconsultation Service in India: eSanjeevani OPD of ICT India Working
Paper #53, written by Nirupam Bajpai and Manisha Wadhwa on July 2021, they found that there have been
reports from patients about long waiting time due to unavailability of doctors (Khanduja, Goli, and Singh
2021). Getting consultation from a specialist is even more challenging for patients. Further, with the surge in
COVID-19 cases in the country, requirement of doctors to treat COVID-19 patients have increased thereby
making it even more difficult for doctors to provide online consultation.

In another article posted by microsave.net, titled Reimagining the Indian government’s telemedicine platform
written by Puneet Khanduja, Venkat Goli and Suhird Singh on Feb 2021, Doctors, particularly women, who
have faced such abuse on these platforms may decline to provide online consultations going forward. This
would further reduce the availability of healthcare professionals necessary for the platform to function
effectively. eSanjeevani already struggles with a shortage of doctors, which is evident by the time it takes for a
patient to receive relevant advice after they request a consultation. Patients recounted incidents where
doctors were not readily available, which resulted in long waiting times. They mentioned that it sometimes
took more than an hour to consult a doctor, with no indication of the time it would take for a doctor to become
available.

There also have been report by the Ken [3] saying that In Maharashtra, a gynecological consult failed despite
an hour of trying. This, despite the platform showing two available gynecologists and no other patients in the
queue. Uttar Pradesh’s waiting list had 144 patients waiting their turn. In Kerala, on the other hand, we
managed to connect with a doctor within ten minutes. A senior health ministry official who works closely with
the eSanjeevani team agrees that this is a problem. The official explains that it is not uncommon for doctors to
log in but not attend to patients calls. “It is purely a human angle. Maybe the doctor was attending to a call on
her cell phone, talking to a senior, or had stepped out for a few moments,” offers the official.

Also, in a Reality check of the eSanjeevani OPD application done by Metrolife-Deccan Herald reporters which
in given in National Teleconsultation Service in India: eSanjeevani OPD of ICT India Working Paper #53,
written by Nirupam Bajpai and Manisha Wadhwa on July 2021 where there is a case where the patient didn’t
get a doctor. The department was Psychiatry. The app didn’t download until the phone cache was cleared. The
patient found the registration process simple. She sought a psychiatric consultation. No doctor was available.
The app doesn’t work in the background, so each time the patient left the app, she had to login again. Despite
a wait of two hours, no doctor appeared.

This is an uncertain situation where we can be sure how many more consultant needs to be onboarded to cater
to the ever-growing population. That is why these factors indicate that here the decision-making environment
is decision making under uncertainty.

➔ Access issues:
While the telemedicine practice guidelines released jointly by the Medical Council of India and Niti Aayog allow
for video, audio, text-based, and asynchronous modes of communication for teleconsultation, eSanjeevani is
available as a video-based mobile and web application. This requires the patient to have a smartphone or a
laptop with an internet connection. However, this does not solve the problem of access faced by half our
population that remains digitally excluded. These are people who either have feature phones or no device with
which to log onto the internet.

Below are the two such cases which was reported by Metrolife-Deccan Herald reporters who did a reality
check of eSanjeevani OPD application which is also been mentioned in National Teleconsultation Service in
India: eSanjeevani OPD of ICT India Working Paper #53, written by Nirupam Bajpai and Manisha Wadhwa on
July 2021.

Case 1: Poor Connectivity

Department: General OPD
Wait time: 20 min over 2 days
The patient was on the waiting list with three patients. In a couple of minutes, it became
four. After waiting for 10 minutes, the patient gave up. The next day, she logged in with a
new token number and waited with three others. In 10 minutes, a doctor was assigned, but
he couldn’t hear properly on the video call. The doctor waited for a couple of minutes and
then placed the patient on hold again. Soon, the app sent the patient back to the waiting list.

Case 2: No room for questions

Department: Dermatology
Wait time: 5 min
For this patient, after entering the waiting room, the ‘Call now’ option popped up, and said
‘Due to unavoidable reason, the doctor could not respond to your call. Please try again.’ After
trying twice, she was taken to a chat box with the doctor, where she raised her concerns
about dandruff and pimples on her forehead. After questions about earlier treatment, a few
minutes of silence followed. A window then showed that the consultation was over. In the
prescription section, the doctor had advised a lotion for the scalp for three days, and two
creams. He asked her to call again after two weeks. The app did not allow her to ask any
questions.

This shows that there are some access issues related to the application access. Also, according to theprint.in,
India has the world's second-largest pool of internet users, about 600 million, comprising more than 12% of
all users globally. Yet half its population lacks internet access, and even if they can get online, only 20% of
Indians know how to use digital services, according to government data. According to another article by
ideasforindia.com only 38% of households in India are digitally literate. In urban areas, digital literacy is
relatively higher at 61% relative to just 25% in rural areas. This telemedical app is made for the people
specially for the rural area but even if the technology is present, most of the people don’t know how to use it
which poses a very big thread to this platform.

These factor leads me to suggest that here the decision-making environment is decision making under
uncertainty.

Q5. Propose solutions to manage the stakeholders and method of implementation

As discussed above the main threat posed by eSanjeevani telemedical application, here are the solution for
each of the problems. These solutions are giving after going through various research and comparisons with
other telemedicine application. Here I have used decision tree to come up with solutions or solutions for the
problems. Below are the ways to implementation of the solutions.

➔ Abuse use of application: Below are some of the solutions that can help resolve this problem.
1. According to the article in Times of India [4], one way to address the issue of is to use Aadhaar
verification during the registration process where an OTP would be sent to the mobile number
registered against the person’s Aadhaar. However, this would complicate the registration process
and as many do not have their Aadhar linked with their mobile numbers, they would not be able to
use the platform. This same solution was also suggested by a report tittle National
Teleconsultation Service in India: eSanjeevani OPD of ICT India Working Paper #53, written by
Nirupam Bajpai and Manisha Wadhwa on July 2021, which said that use of Aadhaar verification can
serve as a promising solution

2. According to the article written in Microsave Consultant website [5], another way to address abuse
in the platform would be to match doctors and patients algorithmically, based on biological sex.
This will discourage those who sign up to misuse the platform. Users of the eSanjeevani platform
confirmed that male patients were matched with female doctors. This could potentially lead to
misuse, similar to incidents reported on private platforms.
 3. Another solution suggested in Microsave Consultant website [6] is, we need to make a telemedicine
guideline, that consultations should not be anonymous and both the patient and the doctor need to
know each other’s identity. This enables the platform to identify any misrepresentations and take
necessary action.
Stakeholder/s of this problem are Doctors especially female. This can resolve the abuse issue which they face
up to some point.

➔ Shortage of doctors/specialists: In these the stakeholder for the issue are patients and the government
health sector. Doctors are also a stakeholder up to some extent.
1. In article by Microsave Consultant website [7], they suggested the platform can provide an option
for patients to record their symptoms or ailments when they first seek a consultationthat patient
can either type it in their chosen language or record an audio message. Using natural language
processing (NLP), the platform can then initiate an algorithmic match between a doctor and a
patient to reduce unsuccessful consultations.
2. One solution suggested by an article in The Indian express [8] suggested that there is to developing
a web model closely linked to primary care centers under a public health system. Such units can be
manned by nurse practitioners or physician assistants with or without a supervising doctor present
physically. This way, burden of shortage of doctors can be reduced. If there is some diagnosis need
by a doctor, they can step into the patients call.
3. There is also a way to resolve this shortage of issue by using consulting form other states doctor
too. In an article written by The Ken [9] In Maharashtra, a gynaecological consult failed despite an
hour of trying. This, despite the platform showing two available gynaecologists and no other
patients in the queue. Uttar Pradesh’s waiting list had 144 patients waiting their turn. In Kerala, on
the other hand, they managed to connect with a doctor within ten minutes. So here, if there are
enough consultants in one state, then a patient from other state can also be assigned to the doctor
from some other state so that the patient’s queue can be handled and doctors can be utilized much
efficiently. One point that to be noted that the doctor assigned show be able to understand the
language of the patients. This can only be recognized if we have the data of the patients and their
language preferences.
4. There is another solution which Tamil Nadu state implemented. Tamil Nadu’s solution to the
shortage of government doctors has been to appoint full-time doctors for eSanjeevani. This greatly
improves the odds of a successful teleconsultation. Consequently, Tamil Nadu accounts for 628,000
eSanjeevani consultations—nearly one in five consults (Source: the-ken.com[10]). This solution can
 also be implemented in other states as well to handle the issue with scarcity of consultants in
eSanjeevani app.
➔ Access issues: Here the major stakeholders for this problem are patients especially the people in rural area.
1. Like in Bihar, a late entrant to the eSanjeevani initiative, fewer than 200 of the state’s 10,800
health sub centres are equipped for teleconsultations. And even this only happens thrice a week
between 9AM and 2PM. It also hasn’t rolled out the Android app. Despite this, it recorded 23,562
consultations in a month. The state managed this by handing tablets to health workers who visit
village households. This can also be implemented in other states which can help with issue.
2. According to one of the articles written in livemint.com[11], to ensure that such services are
accessible to all, governments should set up functional teleconsultation helplines, auto-diallers, text
messages, and other asynchronous channels. These offline services are provided by practo app
which is another telemedicine app which keeps them top of the class.
3. Another solution suggested by Microsave Consulting [12] is that that government can also use
community-based digital centers equipped with mobiles or tablets to increase access, such as
panchayat (village level government) offices and Self-Help Groups (SHGs). Governments that do
not make adequate investments in these channels risk excluding their “digitally limited” segments
of the population, thereby depriving them of access to healthcare. This could lead to a situation
where the most vulnerable populations with limited access to healthcare cannot access remote
healthcare services as well

Besides strengthening eSanjeevani along the lines of the three problems discussed above, it can also benefit
from offering a wider variety of services similar to other online health platforms based in India. Some of the
services available on these platforms include online consultations, e-health profiles, express drug delivery,
health management plans, appointment services, health check-ups, hospital referrals, second opinions,
inpatient arrangements, and domestic. Below is the comparison for the eSanjeevani app and with other
telemedicine apps of India.
 Source: https://www.microsave.net/2021/02/10/reimagining-the-indian-governments-telemedicine-
platform/

Q6. Explain how the tools that you selected helped you arrive at the right decision

Using the decision tool, we arrived on the solution and the implementation provided above. These are the
issues which need to be resolved on priority which are Abusive use of app, shortage of doctors and Access
issue. I have gone through several factors and other solution suggested and implemented using various article
and arrived with the solution with their implementation which can be easily implemented or have been already
implemented by by other state or other application similar to this application platform.

Since my problems environment are decision making under uncertainty, under this there are three tools that
can be used.
1. Risk Analysis
2. Decision Tree
 3. Optimization using linear Programing

I opted to choose decision tree to get the desired solution. Here I was not able to use linear programing
because, here we are not looking to maximum profit or minimization of the problem but the actual solutions
which can be used and has a history of success. That is why decision tree is used which help me deduce the
best solution possible.

What is a decision tree? Decision tree is the most powerful and popular tool for classification and prediction. A
Decision tree is a flowchart-like tree structure, where each internal node denotes a test on an attribute, each
branch represents an outcome of the test, and each leaf node (terminal node) holds a class label. Below is the
decision tree based on which the problem solution and implementation was selected.

➔ Solution derivation for Abusive use of eSangeevani app:

In India, almost every person now has aadhar card which already do biometric confirmation of the person.
Currently there is no way to find which person has used the application for abusive use. A person can have
multiple number and use it for registering into the application. I arrived at this solution by comparing different
solution and their implementation done on different states of Indian and/or different apps which has faced
similar issue.

Similarly for other solutions which are suggested above and the implementation method. By comparing with all
the different solutions and seeing the success of it in another India’s state or application, I have chosen those
and presented here in the project.

➔ Solution derivation for Shortage of doctors/specialists:

Similarly, for this, multiple solutions were taken into accounts in the decision-making tree and then they were
compared based on the suggestions given in an article by some experts, statewide solution that was used to
handle the issue and their success and also the competitor apps like practo and 1mg were studied and see how
the successfully their application were able to handle the issue. Using these factors, I have suggested the
solution above and also gave the implementation method for the solution. For example, the Tamil Nadu state
solution was considered in my decision tree and then after comparing it with other solution, I recommended it
in this problem and gave the method of implementation.

➔ Solution derivation for Access issues:

Similarly, for this problem, same method I have applied which I used in other problems. Multiple solutions were
taken into accounts in the decision-making tree and then they were compared based on the suggestions given
in an article by some experts, different method used in different states and their success and the competitor
apps like practo and 1mg were studied to see how they successfully were able to handle the issue. Taking into
account of their success and response, the solution is suggested by using the decision tree method.

References:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6618173/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7278514/
3. https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/esanjeevani/
4. https://rxdx.in/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-telemedicine-in-rural-areas/
5. Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology’s research article Perception of patients getting
teleconsultation in an e-OPD during Covid pandemic by Arun Kumar Negi , Nitin Patiyal , Kunwar S D S
Guleria, Vikrant Kanwar and Dinesh Kansal [https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2020.036]
6. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/02560909211030356
7. https://the-ken.com/story/esanjeevani-the-government-owned-dark-horse-in-indias-telemedicine-race/
8. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1705358
9. https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/e-sanjeevani-successfully-integrated-with-ayushman-bharat-
what-you-should-know-336262-2022-06-03
10. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1809569
11. National Teleconsultation Service in India: eSanjeevani OPD of ICT India Working Paper #53, written by
Nirupam Bajpai and Manisha Wadhwa on July 2021
[https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/d8-w7eb-qw23/download]
12. https://www.microsave.net/2021/02/10/reimagining-the-indian-governments-telemedicine-platform/
13. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1748652
14. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/women-docs-sexually-harassed-during-e-consultations-
websites-try-to-hide-it/articleshow/80001279.cms
15. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1680535
16. https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/lets-reimagine-the-esanjeevani-telemedicine-platform-
11612977495721.html
17. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/healthcare-crisis-doctors-shortage-covid-pandemic-
7315531/
18. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1725993
19. https://main.mohfw.gov.in/Organisation/departments-health-and-family-welfare/e-Health-Telemedicine