aidah Kebahasaan Narrative Text, Pengertian dan

Contohnya | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 8

Shabrina Alfari Mei 26, 2022 • 8 min read

Konsep Pelajaran SMP Kelas 9 Bahasa Inggris IX

 Yuk, pelajari apa saja kaidah kebahasaan narrative text, beserta dengan pengertian, contoh
teks dan  penjelasannya. 

--

Once upon a time, there was a man who was living in North Sumatra. One day, he caught a
big golden fish in his trap and it turned into a beautiful princess. They got married, lived
happily and had a daughter. Few years later, the man was angry with his daughter and
shouted that she was daughter of a fish. The man had broken his promise.  Soon the whole
area got flooded and became Toba Lake. The woman turned back into a fish and the man
became the island of Samosir.

Kira-kira, termasuk ke dalam teks apa sih cerita di atas? Teks yang bersifat imajinatif atau
fiktif seperti di atas disebut dengan teks narasi. Yap, narrative text atau teks narasi biasanya
bisa kamu temukan di cerita dongeng, novel, atau buku fiksi lainnya.

Lalu, apa sih yang membedakan narrative text dengan jenis teks lainnya? Yuk, kita bahas
kaidah kebahasaan dan contoh dari narrative text berikut ini.

Baca juga: Pahami Pengertian Narrative Text, Struktur & Jenisnya

Definition of Narrative Text (Pengertian Teks Narasi)

Narrative text is the type of text that tells a chronological story in the past tense. Kalau dalam
bahasa Indonesianya, teks narasi adalah salah satu jenis teks yang menceritakan tentang
sebuah cerita yang urut dalam kalimat bentuk lampau.

Biasanya, cerita ini bersifat fiktif dan bertujuan untuk menghibur pembacanya. Therefore, the
aim of narrative text is to entertain the readers through the amusing story. Ingat ya, tujuan
teks narasi hanya untuk menghibur pembacanya saja.
 

Example of Narrative Text (Contoh Teks Narasi)

The Ugly Duckling

Once upon a time, there was a mama duck who had 10 eggs. One day, as she was waiting for
her eggs to hatch, she felt something cracking right beneath her…

Crack. Crack. Crack.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.. Nine eggs hatched. Mama duck eagerly waited for the last egg to
hatch. Maybe because this egg was bigger than the others, it took more time to hatch. But
slowly, the egg cracked, and a duckling came out of the shell.

The nine duckling were so cute. They looked just like their mother, but the last one looked
different. He had a beak that was a little too long, and feathers that were gray and scruffy. His
face looked quite different too. You can say, the little duck looked ugly in comparison to his
siblings.

But mama duck had promised herself that she would love all her children equally. Months
passed by. When she taught her ducklings how to quack, each of the nine ducklings were able
to do it well. However, when the last duckling tried to quack, it came out croaky. The other
nine laughed at hime, and that made him feel very sad. To make it even worse, there were
two other ducks passing by their pond.

“This one lokks nothing like his brothers and sisters,” one of them sneered.

“He sure is ugly,” the other one added.

They picked on the ugly duck. Mama duck became embarrassed of him as she would ask her
youngest duckling to walk in a separate line with his brothers and sisters.

When the night came, and everybody was asleep, the ugly duckling ran away. He waddled
from one pond to another pond, one lake to another lake, looking for a warm family to live
with. He was determined to escape.

When he took a rest, a woman suddenly picked him up.

“Just what we’re looking for!” she said to her husband.

The ugly duckling was happy. He thought he finally found a family. The couple then took
care of him, with the hope that he could lay some eggs for them.

Months passed by. The farmers grew tired of him and decided to put him back in the lake
where they found him.
Seasons changed, and the ugly duckling miraculously survived the freezing winter. He felt
really tired from waddling so much, so he rested himself on a lake. All of a suden, two big
hands picked him up, putting him close to his body to warm him up.

“You poor little thing,” the man said.

It turned out that the man was a farmer. This time, the ugly duckling really found a place to
stay. The kind farmer took really good care of him until he grew bigger. Until one day, he
decided to let the ugly duckling go to enjoy his life back in the lake again.

“Be free in the lake. Swin beautifully as you were born to do so,” said the man.

A tear rolled down the ugly duckling’s face. With a heavy heart, he swam around until he met
a group of swans, he approached them shyly, and one of the swans siad, “You are the most
beautiful swan I have ever seen!”

“Your feathers…They are so white and shiny,” another one replied.

The ugly duckling then looked at his reflection in the water and he was very surprised. He
then realized what happened. He was no longer the ugly duckling. He was a beautiful white
swan.

Language Features in Narrative Text (Kaidah Kebahasaan di Teks

Narasi)

Nah, berdasarkan contoh teks narasi dengan judul The Ugly Duckling di atas, kita lihat yuk
kaidah kebahasaan yang ada pada narrative text berikut ini.

1. Past Tenses

Past Tenses pasti digunakan dalam teks naratif karena teks ini menceritakan kejadian di masa
lalu. Nah, ada tiga jenis Past Tenses yang menjadi ciri khas dari narrative text, yaitu Simple
Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense dan Past Perfect Tense.

a. Simple Past Tense: digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu
lampau.

Contoh: She felt something cracking right beneath her.

b. Past Continuous Tense: digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang
berlangsung di waktu lampau.

Contoh: One day, she was waiting  for her eggs to hatch.

c. Past Perfect Tense: digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa ada suatu kejadian atau aksi
yang telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu, sebelum ada kejadian lainnya (di masa
lampau juga) terjadi.

Contoh: Mama duck had promised herself, that she would love all her children equally.
2. Adverb of Time (Keterangan Waktu)

Teks narasi biasanya diceritakan dengan urutan kejadian atau jalan ceritanya yang biasa
kita sebut dengan alur. Maka dari itu, dalam teks narasi pasti terdapat adverb of time atau
keterangan waktu. Nah, berikut ini adalah contoh adverb of time yang bisa kamu temukan di
teks narasi.
  Once upon a time: Dahulu kala
 One day: Suatu hari
 This time: Kali ini
 Until one day: Sampai suatu hari

3. Time Conjunction (Kata Hubung Waktu)

Selain keterangan waktu, kamu juga bisa menemukan time conjunction atau kata hubung
waktu di teks narasi. Contoh dari time conjuction yang umum digunakan dalam teks narasi
adalah sebagai berikut.

 When: saat
 Until: sampai
 After: setelah
 Before: sebelum
 As: disaat
 As soon as: secepat saat
 Since: sejak
 While: saat
 Once: pada

4. Direct Speech (Kalimat langsung)

Direct speech adalah ucapan langsung yang diutarakan oleh seseorang dalam cerita. Jadi,
seakan-akan pembaca bisa merasakan suasana seperti pada cerita tersebut.

“This one looks nothing like his brothers and sisters,” one of them sneered.

Contoh kalimat direct speech di atas pasti sering kamu temukan saat membaca cerpen atau
novel kan? Nah, untuk menulis direct speech ada cara khusus penulisannya, lho. Apa saja?

Aturan penulisan direct speech:

 Dialognya diapit oleh tanda petik, setelah kalimat direct speech diberikan

tanda koma, dan tulis pelapornya dengan saying verb-nya.
Contoh: “He sure is ugly,” the other one added.

 Jika pelapornya berada di awal kalimat langsungnya, tulis pelapornya

dengan saying verb-nya, kemudian beri tanda koma, tambahkan tanda kutip
setelah tanda koma, dan isi dengan dialognya. Akhiri dengan tanda titik.
 Contoh: One of the swans said, “You are the most beautiful swan I have
ever seen.”

 Apabila dialog diakhiri dengan tanda tanya atau tanda seru dan pelapornya
berada di akhir dialog, maka dialog di dalam tanda kutip tidak ada
penambahan koma. Tapi, kalau pelapornya berada di awal koma tetap
dibutuhkan.
Contoh: “Just what we’re looking for!” she said to her husband.
Pahami Pengertian Narrative Text, Struktur &
Jenisnya | Bahasa Inggris Kelas 8
Hani Ammariah Mei 20, 2022 • 8 min read

Konsep Pelajaran SMP Kelas 8 Bahasa Inggris VIII

Yuk, kita pahami pengertian Narrative Text (Teks Naratif), beserta struktur dan jenis-
jenisnya!

--

Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother
and two step sisters. The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. One day,
they were invited to a ball dance in a palace. With the help of fairy godmother, Cinderella
managed to come to the palace.

 
Teman-teman, tahukah kamu, termasuk ke dalam teks apakah potongan paragraf di atas?
Teks tersebut merupakan narrative text atau teks narasi. Teks narasi ini, pasti sering kamu
temukan di keseharianmu, jika kamu suka membaca buku cerita, novel, atau buku-buku fiksi
lainnya. Oke, supaya kamu bisa lebih paham mengenai narrative text dalam Bahasa Inggris,
yuk baca sampai tuntas artikel di bawah ini, ya!

Definition of Narrative Text (Pengertian Teks Narasi)

Narrative text is a the type of text that tells a chronological story in the past tense. Kalo
dalam bahasa Indonesia nya nih, teks narasi adalah suatu cerita yang dibuat runut dalam
kalimat lampau. Narrative text menceritakan cerita imajinatif ataupun cerita nyata yang
dimodifikasi, dan disusun melalui urutan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu.

Baca Juga: Recount Text: Struktur, Kaidah Kebahasaan, dan Contoh

The Purpose of Narrative Text (Tujuan Teks Narasi)

The aim of narrative text is to entertain the readers through the amusing story. Jika diartikan,
tujuan narrative text adalah untuk menghibur para pembaca dengan ceritanya yang
menarik.
 

Kinds of Narrative Text (Jenis-Jenis Teks Narasi) 

Nah, narrative text ini terdiri dari beberapa macam. Jenis-jenis teks narasi di antaranya ada
cerita khayalan (fairytales), misteri (mysteries), cerita seram (forror stories), sci-fi (science
fiction), romansa (romance), dan masih banyak lagi. Untuk lebih jelasnya, bisa kamu lihat
pada gambar berikut ini:
Wah, banyak banget kan, teman-teman. Kalo kamu, lebih suka baca teks narasi apa nih?
Coba share judul-judul buku favoritmu di kolom komentar, ya! 

Baca Juga: Macam-Macam Expression of Asking and Giving Opinion

Generic Structure of Narrative Text (Struktur Teks Narasi)

Ada 4 generic structure of narrative text (struktur teks narasi) yang perlu kamu ketahui jika
ingin menyusun atau membuat sebuah teks narasi (narrative text), yaitu:

1. Orientation

Merupakan bagian pembuka dari sebuah cerita teks narasi. Bagian ini mengenalkan tokoh
dalam cerita (characters) serta latar terjadinya cerita yang meliputi latar tempat, waktu,
suasana, dan keadaan sosial (setting).

2. Complication

Bagian ini berisi permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam sebuah cerita. Secara lebih
detail, complication terbagi lagi menjadi 3 bagian, yaitu:

 Rising action: Masalah mulai muncul

 Climax: Puncak permasalahan
 Falling action: Tensi permasalahan mulai menurun, dan mulai menemukan
titik penyelesaian.

3. Resolution

Bagian ini berisi penyelesaian atau akhir dari sebuah cerita teks narasi. Sebuah cerita bisa
ditutup dengan akhir yang menyenangkan (happpy ending), akhir yang menyedihkan (sad
ending), atau akhir yang menggantung (cliffhanger).

4. Re-orientation
Bagian terakhir dari struktur teks narasi (narrative text) ini biasanya berisi kesimpulan, pesan
moral (moral value), atau perubahan watak tokoh di akhir cerita. Reorientation ini sifatnya
opsional karena tidak harus selalu ada pada suatu teks naratif.

Baca Juga: Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense berdasarkan Polanya

Contoh Teks Narasi (Narrative Text)

The Legend of Mount Batur

A long time ago, there lived on the island of Bali a giant-like creature named Kbo Iwo. The
people of Bali used to say that Kbo Iwo was everything, a destroyer as well as a creator. He
was satisfied with the meal, but this meant for the Balinese people enough food for a
thousand men.

Difficulties arose when for the first time the barns were almost empty and the new harvest
was still a long way off. This made Kbo Iwo wild with great anger. In his hunger, he
destroyed all of the houses and even the temples. It made the Balinese turn to rage.

So, they came together to plan steps to oppose this powerful giant by using his stupidity. They
asked Kbo Iwo to build them a very deep well, and rebuild all the houses and temples he had
destroyed. After they fed Kbo Iwo, he began to dig a deep hole.

One day he had eaten too much, he fell asleep in the hole. The oldest man in the village gave
a sign, and the villagers began to throw the limestone they had collected before into the hole.
The limestone made the water inside the hole boiling. Kbo Iwo was buried alive. Then the
water in the well rose higher and higher until at last it overflowed and formed Lake Batur.
The mound of earth dug from the well by Kbo Iwo is known as Mount Batur.

Oke, dari cerita di atas, ada beberapa pertanyaan seputar narrative text yang bisa kamu
jawab. Kita bahas sama-sama, ya.

Contoh Soal Teks Narasi (Narrative Text) 

1. Cerita "The Legend of Mount Batur" termasuk jenis narrative text ...

A. Mysteries
B. Myth
C. Legend
D. Folktale

Jawab: C

Pembahasan:
The Legend of Mount Batur termasuk dalam cerita legend karena menceritakan asal muasal
suatu tempat, yaitu "Mount Batur" yang belum tentu benar asal usul terbentuknya.

2. Dalam cerita tersebut, paragraf pertama termasuk struktur bagian ...

A. Orientation
B. Complication
C. Resolution
D. Reorientation

Jawab: A

Pembahasan:

Paragraf pertama, terdapat penjelasan mengenai tempat kejadian cerita, yaitu pada kalimat "A
long time ago, there lived on the island of Bali a giant-like creature named Kbo Iwo". Selain
itu, ada juga kalimat yang menjelaskan karakter tokohnya, seperti "Kbo Iwo was everything,
a destroyer as well as a creator".  Oleh karena itu, paragraf pertama merupakan bagian
Orientation. 

3. Manakah paragraf yang masuk ke dalam Complexion?

A. Paragraf 1
B. Paragraf 2
C. Paragraf 3
D. Paragraf 4

Jawab: B

Pembahasan:

Bagian Complexion ditandai dengan munculnya masalah/permasalahan dalam cerita. Pada

paragraf kedua, dijelaskan bahwa "for the first time the barns were almost empty and the new
harvest was still a long way off." Persediaan makanan di lumbung kosong, dan musim panen
masih sangat lama. "This made Kbo Iwo wild with great anger. In his hunger, he destroyed
all of the houses and even the temples". Hal tersebut yang merupakan awal mula masalah
terjadi. Kbo Iwo menjadi sangat marah dan mengahncurkan desa. 
Narrative Text

Narrative text atau teks naratif yaitu sebuah teks karangan baik fiksi maupun non fiksi. Adapun teks
tersebut bertujuan untuk menghibur pembaca atau pendengar. Terdapat kesaamaan antara recount
text dan narrative text, namun perlu diingat bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara keduanya.

Narrative text didalamnya memiliki permasalahan dan berakhir dengan penyelesaian. Sedangkan
recount text didalamnya lebih menekankan pada serangkaian kejadian-kejadian yang terjadi pada
masa lalu/lampau.

Teks naratif dapat berupa cerita fiksi, cerita non fiksi, cerita rakyat (folktales), dongeng (fairy tales),
legenda (legends), mitos (myths), cerita binatang (fable), dan sebagainya. Di Indonesia sendiri,
banyak sekali teks naratif seperti cerita Si kancil, Rorojonggrang, Malin Kundang, Legenda Danau
Toba, dan masih banyak lagi.

Selain teks naratif yang fiksi, ada juga teks naratif yang non fiksi seperti pengalaman hidup seseorang
yang didalamnya terdapat konflik dan diakhiri dengan solusi. Didalam cerita narrative text terdapat
dua akhir cerita/ ending yakni happy ending dan sad ending.

Dalam chapter ini, kita akan berfokus pada teks naratif folktale (cerita rakyat). Folktale adalah teks
naratif yang menceritakan sebuah kisah yang utamanya digunakan untuk menghibur atau menghibur
pembaca atau pendengar.

Seperti kebanyakan teks naratif lain, folktale biasanya terdiri dari tiga bagian, yakni:

Orientation

Bagian ini biasanya dapat ditemukan pada paragraph pertama. Pada bagian ini, penulis
memperkenalkan karakter/ tokoh dan setting (tempat dan waktu) terjadinya cerita.

Complication(s)

Pada bagian ini, karakter utama menghadapi permasalahan atau terdapat konflik yang terjadi di
dalam cerita.

Resolution(s)

Resolution atau pemecahan yakni pada bagian ni menceritakan bagaimana permasalahan atau
konflik yang terjadi dalam cerita terselesaikan. Pada bagian ini juga memungkinkan adanya lebih dari
satu pemecahan masalah yang terjadi.

Contoh narrative text dari Buku Guru Bahasa Inggris / Think Globally Act Locally

Folktale from West Java. The title is “Sangkuriang”

SANGKURIANG

Once upon a time in West Java, Indonesia, lived a princess named Dayang Sumbi. She was beautiful
and kind-hearted. Her hobby was weaving cloth. But sometimes she could be very lazy. One day her
weaving tool fell, but she was too lazy to get it herself. She shouted out, “Can anybody help me get
my tool? If you are a female, I will take you as my sister. If you are a male, I will marry you!”

A male creature came, but it was a dog. His name was Tumang. He happily brought the tool to her.
Dayang Sumbi was very surprised, but she kept her promise. She married the dog. Tumang was
actually a man who had been cursed by a witch to become a dog. But at certain times Tumang could
turn back to be a normal man. Their only son, Sangkuriang, was soon born, and he grew up to be a
handsome and healthy boy. He always played with his very loyal dog, Tumang. He did not know that
he was actually his father, because Dayang Sumbi hid the secret from him. Sangkuriang liked to hunt
in the woods, of course with Tumang.

One day Dayang Sumbi asked him to bring home a deer’s heart. But, after hunting for several days,
he could not find any deer in the woods. He did not want to disappoint his mother and was thinking
hard how to bring home a deer’s heart. Suddenly, he had a very bad idea. He killed Tumang! Then,
he brought his heart home and gave it to Dayang Sumbi.

Sangkuring could not cheat her. She knew it was Tumang’s heart. So, she got very angry and hit
Sangkuriang’s forehead with a piece of wood and told him to leave. With a bad wound on his
forehead, Sangkuriang left the village.

Many years later, Sangkuriang grew up to be a powerful man. One day he went back to his village.
He met a beautiful young woman there, and he fell in love with her at the first sight. It was Dayang
Sumbi! She never got older because she had been granted eternal youth by the gods. Sangkuriang
did not know that she was his mother, so he came to her and proposed to marry her.

When he walked closer to her, Dayang Sumbi got very surprised. She saw the scar in Sangkuriang’s
forehead, and soon she knew that he was her son, who left her a long time ago. She told him the
truth and tried hard to explain it to him, but he did not believe her. She did not want to break his
heart, so she accepted his proposal but gave him an impossible thing to do. She wanted him to build
a lake and a boat in just one night!

Sangkuriang agreed, because he knew that he could make it with the help of his genies. By midnight
he finished the lake and then started making the boat. Dayang Sumbi was thinking hard to find a way
to fail him. Before dawn, she asked the people in the village to burn the woods in the East, and the
light made all the cocks crow. Thinking that the night would be over soon, the genies ran fast and left
Sangkuriang before the boat was finished. Sangkuriang realized that Dayang Sumbi had cheated him.
He got very angry and he kicked the boat upside down. It gradually became a mountain and it is now
known as Mt. Tangkuban Perahu.