Environmentally Sound Technology

Biomass Fuelled Energy Plants

BONO SISTEMI can boast 50 years experience, gained in the design and
production of biomass fired steam generators and thermal fluid
heaters using a variety of waste fuels such as olive husks, rice husks and
wood chips, with more than 42 installations worldwide.
The BONO technology fields of application in the biomass fuelled
plants are in the process industry and particularly the food and wood
industries, where the production wastes, such as wood chips, saw dust,
rice husks, olive husks etc, represent a free of charge fuel to produce
both heat to the process and electric power.
Another important and high demand field is district heating, in
locations where biomass is easily available and can represent a
competitive alternative to fossil fuel.
Moreover, being active since over ten years in projects financed by
United Nations Organisations in compliance with the “Sustainable
Development” programs, BONO SISTEMI has got unique skills in
carrying out projects for the substitution of Ozone Depleting
Substances (according to the Montreal Protocol recommendations) and
for the application of the Kyoto Protocol on the “greenhouse gases”
global reduction (CDM and JI projects).

Up to 10 MWel Up to 54 MWth

Steam turbine
Process Heat
Power to the grid Combined Heat
Biomass Fired Steam Generator
and Power Supply
The BONO SISTEMI biomass fuelled plant is the heart
of an energy system able to generate pure heat for
industrial processes, district heating for small and
medium communities, and electrical power if coupled
to power generators such as steam engines and
turbines, or other devices.
Biomass Fired Thermal Oil Heater When the two purposes are jointed we then talk
about CHP plant (Combined Heat and Power plants).
Thanks to consolidated experience in the energy field
BONO SISTEMI engineering is able to study and design
full turn-key plants starting from the greenfield.

District Heating
ORC turbine

Up to 2 MWel Up to 10 MWth

Power to the grid

 The Reciprocating Grate
Combustion System
Reciprocating grate is state of the art combustion technology suitable for any
kind of biomass ranging from:
• High moisture content one, as for dump wood waste or virgin wood
• Biomass mixture
• Dusty biomass, as for olive residues
• Low specific gravity ones, as for rice husk
Let's follow the biomass path through the combustion system.
The fuel, coming from the storage area, is fed into a loading hopper, being an The grate is divided in three or four zones, depending on the plant size,
intermediate and constant biomass volume upon the fuel feeder. respectively for drying, combustion and burn out of the fuel. The bars speed
movement and the combustion air flow are independently programmable for
The hopper design prevents clogging due to entrance of irregular pieces, and is each single section in order to compensate different biomass composition, to
equipped with control level and fire fighting system. perform the proper residence time and to adequate the boiler load.
From the hopper the fuel passes into Ashes are automatically removed by reciprocating action of the grate and
the fuel feeder. It is a linear collected at its end into a specific hopper and moved out through an automatic
hydraulically driven drawer, water conveyor.
cooled, with the front end covering
the full width of the chamber and The primary combustion air is independently injected underneath each zone and
able to distribute uniformly the is pre-heated for high moisture biomass combustion.
biomass on the grate. The coverage
The high speed secondary air, together with recirculated flue gas, are distributed
of the grate is mandatory and always
over the combustion chamber to generate high turbolence. In this way low NOx
achieved. The multiple stroke
emissions and good mixing of flue gas for combustion completion are achieved.
actuator gradually pushes forward
the biomass according to the
combustion demand.
The fuel is now on the reciprocating
grate. It is a “walking inclined
floor”, with alternative fixed and
movable rows hydraulically driven.
The structure is simply air cooled
thanks to the choice of refractory
Ni-Cr cast steel bars composing each
row, for high thermal and
mechanical resistance also in case of Further more alternative combustion system technologies are available:
power black out.
The bars keep moving the biomass • Screw burners, suitable for uniform and small size biomass up to 10mm
and assure its intimate contact with having moisture content below 15% wt.
the combustion air. The wide surface • Blow burners, suitable for handling powder biomass.
available allows a margin in case of
incorrect operation or quick change • Fixed grate, suitable for very low specific gravity biomass as for sunflower
of fuel characteristics. husks and rice husks
 Biomass Fired Water Tube Biomass Fired Thermal
Steam Generator Oil Generator
• Large combustion chamber made of refractory brick
walls to assure adequate residence time at high
temperature for combustion completion.

• Patented heater design.

• Horizontal multi-tubular-parallelepiped heater with square cross section.

• Radiant section made of tangent tubes welded to distribution headers,

and convective section made of wide spaced bent tubes banks.

• The BONO patented parallelepiped heater has been designed to assure

extended exchange surfaces, to assure uniform thermal oil circulation and
to prevent tubes from clogging, granting high efficiency reliability and
availability.

• The parallelepiped heater is complete with fouling cleaning system by

means of soot blower.

• Hopper for ash collection.

• Combustion chamber made of membrane water tube walls protected by a • Package heater configurations ready to be placed on combustion chamber.
refractory liner against corrosion, erosion and severe high temperature environment.
• Wide furnace volume for optimised combustion and low specific thermal load.
• Secondary combustion air distribution and flue gas recirculation generating
turbulence to ensure complete flue gas mixing and combustion efficiency.
• Integrated non catalytic NOx reduction system.
• Geometry of the flue gas path in the boiler is designed to reduce the speed
and thus erosion and fouling phenomena on the tubes.
• Convective section with evaporating section with drums, superheater,
pre-heater, economiser and air pre-heater according to process characteristics.
• Hoppers are placed along the boiler for ash collection.

BONO water tube steam generator configuration allows to achieve these

important results:
• High efficiency 84-85%
• Reduced fouling
• High availability 7500-7800 hours/year
• Simple inspection and maintenance
• Low thermal inertia for quicker cooling down and heating up of boiler.
• Reduced CO and NOx emissions
 Engineering, Manufacturing,
Assembly and Start Up
A biomass fuelled energy plant project originates as Our three workshops in Italy manufacture all the
a delicate balance of technical and economical pressure parts and steelworks according to the main
requirements. European and American codes.
BONO SISTEMI offers the support in the very early The plant parts are then delivered pre-assembled in
analysis of the project, developing with the modules according to transportation limitations and
customer the different options up to the final installed on-site under the responsibility of a dedicated
solution. We are able to customize the energy team of skilled site managers, up to the final
plant, to choose and provide the flue commissioning and start-up.
gas treatment system, the water
treatment system, the power
generator and ancillaries, as
well as the civil works up to a
full turn-key supply.
 Biomass Fired Thermal Oil Heater
1 Wedge floor silo
2 Feeding conveyor
3 Combustion system
4 Thermal Oil Heater
5 Air Heater + ECO
6 Cyclone
7 Flue gas treatment 8
8 Chimney 4 7
9 Ash conveyors 6
5
2

1
3

9
9

Model BIO-OIL 3 BIO-OIL 5 BIO-OIL 7 BIO-OIL 10 BIO-OIL 12

Thermal
capacity 3,5 MW 5 MW 7 MW 9 -10 MW 12 MW

T in / T out 250 : 310 ° C 250 : 310 ° C 250 : 310° C 250 : 310 ° C 250 : 310 ° C

Air
pre-heater Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Soot
Blowing Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Process
Direct Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Heat

0,6 MWe + 1 MWe + 1,3 MWe + 1,8 MWe + 2 MWe+

ORC +DH
2,8 MWth 4 MWth 5 MWth 7,7 MWth 9,9 MWth
 Biomass Fired Water Tube Steam Generator
1 Wedge floor silo
2 Feeding conveyor
3 Combustion system
4 Steam generator
5 Economizer
6 Cyclone 8
7 Flue gas treatment
4 7
8 Chimney 5
9 Ash conveyors 2 6

9 9

Model BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM BIO-STEAM
Model
SH 7,5 SH 15 SH 22,5 SH 30 SH 37,5 SH 45 SAT 3,5 SAT 7 SAT 10 SAT 14

Thermal Thermal
7,5 MW 15 MW 22,5 MW 30 MW 37,5 MW 45 MW 3,5 MW 7 MW 10 MW 14 MW
capacity capacity

Superheated Saturated
10 t/h 20 t/h 30 t/h 40 t/h 50 t/h 60 t/h 5 t/h 10 t/h 15 t/h 20 t/h
Steam Steam

Pressure up to 50 bar up to 50 bar up to 50 bar up to 50 bar up to 50 bar up to 50 bar Pressure up to 30 bar up to 30 bar up to 30 bar up to 30 bar

Temperature up to 450° C up to 450° C up to 450° C up to 450° C up to 450° C up to 450° C Efficiency up to 87 % up to 87 % up to 87 % up to 87 %

Efficiency up to 87 % up to 87% up to 87% up to 87% up to 87% up to 87% Economizer Yes Yes Yes Yes

Air Yes Yes Yes Yes

Economizer Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
pre-heater

Electrical Direct
2 MW 4 MW 6 MW 8 MW 10 MW 12 MW Process Yes Yes Yes Yes
Power Heat