TOPIC: BIOLOGY. Vocabulary building. Exercises to do after the texts.

1). Complicated constructions reading 1: please paraphrase. Если не сможете

перефразировать по-английски (что крайне желательно) – постарайтесь перевести.

Phrase from reading 1 Example explanation/paraphrase

Adaptive as their shell is, it… However adaptive their shell might be (or:
although their shell is adaptive, it…)
Given that…
For all their diversity
These give the arthropod… (ELLIPSIS + AVOIDING REPETITION)
Like that of human skin (AVOIDING REPETITION)
Much as… do
…that would otherwise evaporate…
Those directly above (ELLIPSIS)
Not quite tough enough
Though strong (ELLIPSIS)
Innermost, uppermost, topmost, bottommost…
One is that… (AVOIDING REPETITION)
Evolve to (become…), expand to (accommodate…)
Daily wear and tear (IDIOM)

Useful phrases reading 2: after having studying the text and completed the exercise
following it, retell the contents briefly in a summary form using these phrases:

1. When renewing… (when doing smth)

2. To be concerned with smth.
3. Put some order into…
4. Cause confusion
5. Quite a bit of…
6. An excellent example…
7. It’s pretty clear that…
8. There is one interesting problem with…
9. Appear to be…
10. In effect, …
11. It’s fairly clear that…
12. This situation presents quite a problem…
13. It results in…(+noun+v-ing)
14. Hundreds of thousands of…
15. It appears that…
16. A likely scenario is that…
17. In any case, …
18. The evidence indicates that …
19. The case of… is not unique, as…
20. It is helpful to…
21. Attempt to do smth
22. The primary concern is that…

3. Wordlist for reading 1 and 2 mixed, in alphabetical order. Study it again,

checking what you remember and looking up the words you have forgotten. Then do the
exercise that follows.

Accommodate
Acid
Acquire food
Adapt, adaptive
Ancestor, ancestral
Arthropod
Blotch, Blotched
Breed, breeding
Calcium
Captivate, captivity
Captive breeding
Cell
Cellulose
Centipedes
Chaotic
Chitin
Classify, classification
Coloration
Creation
Decompose, decomposition
Defining characteristic
Disperse
Distinct
Durable, durability
Endangered species
Endocuticle
Environmentalist
Epidermis
Evaporate, evaporation
Evolution, to evolve
Excrete
Exocuticle
Exoskeleton
Expand
Extinct, become extinct, extinction
Fatty acids
Fiber
Fluoresce, fluorescent
Genetic
Genus
Gradation
Growth
Habitat
Harden
Hydrocarbon
Inhabit
Interbreed
Internal organs
Joint, a jointed leg
Lipids
Loss
Mammals
Matter
Methane
Microorganism
Moisture
Molecule
Molt
Muscle
Nature’s creations
Offspring
Penetrate smth
Phylum of animals
Potentially hazardous
Predator
Predecessor
Pronounced
Protein
Release into the wild
Salamander
Secrete
Sensory cells
Shake/slip smth off
Shell
Shrimp
Strength
Strengthen
Subspecies
Surroundings
Swell
Taxonomy
Tissue
Ultraviolet
Vapor
Vertebrate
Volcanic activity
Waste product
Wax

1. What verbs correspond to these nouns:

Adaptation – to __________, breed – to _________, classification – to ___________,
danger – to ________, decomposition – to _________, dispersion – to _________,
durability – to ______________, Evolution – to __________, excretion – to
___________, expansion – to ___________, Gradation – to _________, creation – to
___________, penetration – to ___________, pronunciation – to ___________,
strength – to _________, vapour – to ____________?
2. What nouns are formed from or correspond to these verbs: to color (NOT color)
__________, to grow - ___________, to captivate - _________ , to lose - _________,
to acquire - _________, to inhabit - _________, to waste – ________?
3. How is a verb formed from this adjective? Hard - ___________
4. What 2 meanings of these words do you know? Accommodate, breed, evolve,
expand, matter, shell, scale, spot, tissue, wax.
5. What’s the difference between: fat (used as an adjective) and fatty,
captivate and catch, coloration and color, endangered and hazardous, protein and
lipid, environment and surroundings, vapor and steam, moisture and dampness,
secretion and excretion, hydrocarbon and carbohydrate, a creation and a creature,
an environmentalist and an ecologist?
6. List all the substances mentioned on the wordlist: acid,
_______________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. Answer these questions: What is the plural for a shrimp? What common myth is
there about the salamander? Who can molt? Why do we need taxonomy? Are all mammals
vertebrates? Where can you find fibers? Are fish scales made of chitin? What
animals fluoresce? What predators do you know?