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Ncert Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry - 0
Ncert Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry - 0
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(i) H 2 O
ut
Answer :
s tit
In
Question 1.1 Calculate the molar mass of the following:
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(ii) CO 2
Answer :
ka
Answer :
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The molar mass of Methane is:
ut
s tit
In
Question 1.2 Calculate the mass per cent of different elements present in sodium
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sulphate (Na 2 SO 4 ).
Answer :
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sulphate ;
So, Mass percentage of an element in a compound is given by,
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Therefore,
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The mass per cent of Sodium (Na):
s tit
In
The mass per cent of Sulphur (S):
sh
ka
e
Answer :
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Given there is an oxide of iron which has iron and dioxygen by mass:
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Relative moles of iron in iron oxide:
s
In
Relative moles of oxygen in iron oxide:
sh
ka
Answer :
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When carbon is burnt in the air:
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The chemical equation for this reaction is:
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Here 1 mole of carbon (solid) weighing 12g is burnt in 1 mole of Dioxygen (gas)
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weighing 32g to produced 1 mole of carbon-dioxide (gas) weighing 44g .
In
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Question 1.4 Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when
Answer :
Question 1.4 Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when
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Answer :
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When 2 moles of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen:
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Here, oxygen acts as a limiting reagent as only 16g of dioxygen is available.
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Thus, 16g of dioxygen will react with 0.5 mole of carbon to give 22g of carbon dioxide.
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Question 1.5 Calculate the mass of sodium acetate (CH 3 COONa) required to make
500 mL of 0.375 molar aqueous solution. Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245 g
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mol –1 .
Answer :
Aa
e
So, the required mass of sodium acetate
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Question 1.6 Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre in a sample
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which has a density, 1.41 g mL - 1 and the mass percent of nitric acid in it being 69%.
In
Answer :
That means 69 grams of nitric acid are present in 100 grams of nitric acid solution.
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Answer :
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Given that 100g of Copper sulphate ;
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1 mole of contains 1 mole of copper.
s
In
Now, of copper sulphate contains of copper.
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Question 1.8 Determine the molecular formula of an oxide of iron, in which the mass
percent of iron and oxygen are 69.9 and 30.1, respectively. Given that the molar mass
of the oxide is .
Answer :
Given that the mass percentage of iron is and the mass percentage of oxygen
is
e
So, the relative moles of iron in iron oxide will be:
ut
s tit
And relative moles of oxygen in iron oxide will be:
In
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or
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37 Cl 24.23 36.9659
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Answer :
tit
To calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine:
s molar mass is .
In
Therefore we have,
Answer :
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Question 1.10 In three moles of ethane (C 2 H 6 ), calculate the following:
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(ii) Number of moles of hydrogen atoms.
Answer :
tit
Given there are three moles of Ethane ;
So, 1 mole of
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contains 6 moles of hydrogen atoms.
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Therefore, 3 moles of contains 18 moles of hydrogen atoms.
sh
Answer :
Aa
Answer :
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The molar mass of sugar is:
ut
.
tit
The number of moles of sugar in 20g of sugar will be:
s
In
and given the volume of the solution after dissolving enough water is 2L .
sh
ka
Question 1.12 If the density of methanol is 0.793 kg L –1 , what is its volume needed for
making 2.5 L of its 0.25 M solution?
Aa
Answer :
So, the number of moles present in the methanol per litre will be or the Molarity of the
solution will be :
Now, to make 2.5L of its 0.25M solution:
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formula:
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.
tit
Hence volume will be required for making 2.5L of methanol 0.25M
solution.
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In
Question 1.13 Pressure is determined as force per unit area of the surface. The SI unit
1 Pa = 1 Nm –2
Answer :
Given to calculate the pressure exerted by the air on sea water, if the mass of air at sea
level is .
The force with which the air is exerting on the surface is:
Now,
as
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Therefore,
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tit
Question 1.14 What is the SI unit of mass? How is it defined?
Answer :
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The SI unit of mass is Kilogram (Kg).
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It is defined as the mass of platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir) cylinder that is stored in an air-tight
jar at the International Bureau of Weigh and Measures in France.
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Prefixes Multiples
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(i) micro 10 6
(ii) deca 10 9
(iii) mega 10 –6
Prefixes Multiples
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(i) micro
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(ii) Deca
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(iii) Mega
(iv) Giga
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(v) femto
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Answer :
Aa
Significant figures are meaningful digits that are known with certainty including the last
digit whose value is uncertain.
For example: if we write a result as 56.923 Kg, we say the 56.92 is certain and 3 is
uncertain and the uncertainty would be in the last digit. Here we also include the last
uncertain digit in the significant figures.
Question 1.17 A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with
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(i) Express this in per cent by mass.
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Answer :
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1ppm means 1 parts in million parts.
We have,
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In
sh
ka
Question 1.17 A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with
Answer :
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So we have calculated in the previous part that percentage by mass of chloroform
is .
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Hence in 100g sample, there will be of chloroform.
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Therefore, 1000g (1Kg) of the sample will contain choroform .
s
In
Therefore, the molarity of chloroform in the water sample is .
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(i) 0.0048
Answer :
Aa
(ii) 234,000
Answer :
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Question 1.18 Express the following in the scientific notation:
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(iii) 8008
Answer :
tit
The scientific notation of will be .
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Question 1.18 Express the following in the scientific notation:
(iv) 500.0
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Answer :
(v) 6.0012
Answer :
(i) 0.0025
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Answer :
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There are 2 significant digits because all non-zero digits are in a number are
significant and the zeros written to the left of the first non-zero digit in a number are non-
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significant.
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Question 1.19 How many significant figures are present in the following?
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(ii) 208
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Answer :
There are 3 significant digits because all non-zero digits are in a number are
significant and the zeros between two non-zero digits are always significant.
ka
Aa
Question 1.19 How many significant figures are present in the following?
(iii) 5005
Answer :
There are 4 significant digits because all non-zero digits are in a number are
significant and the zeros between two non-zero digits are always significant.
Question 1.19 How many significant figures are present in the following?
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(iv) 126,000
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Answer :
tit
There are 3 significant digits because all non-zero digits are in a number are
significant and the terminal zeros are not significant if there is no decimal point.
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In
Question 1.19 How many significant figures are present in the following?
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(v) 500.0
Answer :
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There are 4 significant digits because the zeros written to the left of the first non-zero
digit in a number are non-significant and all zeros placed to the right of a decimal point
in a number are significant.
Aa
Question 1.19 How many significant figures are present in the following?
(vi) 2.0034
Answer :
There are 5 significant digits because all zeros placed to the right of a decimal point in
a number are significant.
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Question 1.20 Round up the following upto three significant figures:
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(i) 34.216
tit
Answer :
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After round upto three significant figures:
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Answer -
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(ii) 10.4107
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Answer :
Answer - .
Answer :
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Here the rightmost digit to be removed is more than 5 i.e., 7, then the preceding number
is increased by one. So we get .
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Answer -
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Question 1.20 Round up the following upto three significant figures:
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(iv) 2808
Answer :
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Here the rightmost digit to be removed is more than 5 i.e., 8, then the preceding number
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Answer -
Aa
Question 1.21 The following data are obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react
(i) 14 g 16 g
(ii) 14 g 32 g
(iii) 28 g 32 g
(iv) 28 g 80 g
(a) Which law of chemical combination is obeyed by the above experimental data? Give
its statement.
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Answer :
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Here if we fix the mass of dinitrogen at 14g, then the masses of dioxygen that will
combine with the fixed mass of dinitrogen are 16g, 32g, 32g, and 80g.
tit
The masses of dioxygen bear a whole number ratio of 1:2:2:5.
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Hence, the given experimental data obeys the Law of Multiple Proportionals .
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The law given by Dalton states that "if two elements can combine to form more than one
compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other
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Question 1.21 The following data are obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react
(i) 14 g 16 g
(ii) 14 g 32 g
(iii) 28 g 32 g
(iv) 28 g 80 g
(b) Fill in the blanks in the following conversions:
Answer :
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(i) As we know in or .
or
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And or
Therefore we have,
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(ii) As we know in or .
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or or
And or or
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or .
Therefore we have,
Aa
(iii) As we know in or
or or
And or we can write it as:
And
Therefore we have,
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Question 1.22 If the speed of light is , calculate the distance covered
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by light in 2.00 ns.
Answer :
s
In
Given the speed of light to be , so the distance covered by light in 2.00
ns. will be:
sh
ka
Therefore, 200 molecules of atoms of B will react with 200 atoms of A, thereby left with
100 atoms of A unreacted.
e
Hence, B is the limiting reagent in this reaction.
ut
tit
Question 1.23 In a reaction
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Identify the limiting reagent, if any, in the following reaction mixtures.
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(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B
Answer :
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Therefore, 2 mol of A atoms will react with only 2 mol of B molecules, thereby left with 1
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mole of B unreacted.
Answer :
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Therefore, all 100 atoms of A will react with 100 molecules of B, so the reaction is
stoichiometric and there is no limiting reagent .
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Hence, there is no limiting reagent in this reaction.
s tit
Question 1.23 In a reaction
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Identify the limiting reagent, if any, in the following reaction mixtures.
Answer :
Therefore, 2.5 moles of B molecules will react with only 2.5 moles of A atoms, thereby
left with 2.5 moles of A unreacted.
Aa
e
Answer :
ut
Here according to the reaction 1 atom of A reacts with 1 molecule of B.
tit
Therefore, 2.5 moles of A atoms will react with only 2.5 moles of B molecules, thereby
left with 2.5 moles of B unreacted.
s
Hence, A limiting reagent in this reaction.
In
Question 1.24 Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to produce ammonia
sh
(i) Calculate the mass of ammonia produced if 2.00 × 10 3 g dinitrogen reacts with 1.00
×10 3 g of dihydrogen.
Aa
Answer :
1 mole of dinitrogen weighing 28g reacts with 3 moles of dihydrogen weighing 6g to give
2 moles of ammonia weighing 34g.
Therefore, of will react with .
So, of produces of .
e
Therefore, of will produce of .
ut
tit
Question 1.24 Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to produce ammonia
s
In
(ii) Will any of the two reactants remain unreacted?
Answer :
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Question 1.24 Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to produce ammonia
e
ut
Question 1.25 How are 0.50 mol Na 2 CO 3 and 0.50 M Na 2 CO 3 different?
Answer :
tit
Calculating the molar mass of :
s
In
Therefore,
of means:
sh
whereas,
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means:
Aa
Question 1.26 If 10 volumes of dihydrogen gas reacts with five volumes of dioxygen
gas, how many volumes of water vapour would be produced?
Answer :
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Here, 2 volumes of dihydrogen gas react with 1 volume of dioxygen to produce 2
volumes of water vapour.
ut
So, if 10 volumes of dihydrogen gas react with 5 volume of dioxygen then it will
tit
produce ( volumes of water vapour.
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Question 1.27 Convert the following into basic units:
In
(i) 28.7 pm
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Answer :
As .
Aa
(ii) 15.15 pm
Answer :
To convert 15.15 pm into the basic units:
As .
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Question 1.27 Convert the following into basic units:
(iii) 25365 mg
tit
Answer :
s
To convert 25365 mg into basic unit:
In
As .
sh
Now, as
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Aa
Question 1.28 Which one of the following will have the largest number of atoms?
(i) 1 g Au (s)
(ii) 1 g Na (s)
(iii) 1 g Li (s)
(iv) 1 g of Cl 2 (g)
Answer :
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(i) 1 g of Au will contain:
ut
tit
(ii) 1 g of Na will contain:
s
In
(iii) 1 g of Li will contain:
sh
Clearly, we can compare and say that the number of atoms in 1g of Li has the
largest.
Aa
Question 1.29 Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water, in which the mole
fraction of ethanol is 0.040 (assume the density of water to be one) .
Answer :
Given that the mole fraction of ethanol in water is .
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To find the molarity we must have to find the number of moles of ethanol present in
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1litre of solution.
tit
Therefore, water is approximately equal to 1Litre.
s
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So, substituting in place of in above equation we get,
sh
ka
Aa
be:
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ut
Question 1.31 How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the
following calculation?
tit
(i)
Answer :
s
In
To find the number of significant figures that would be present in the answer, we will be
finding theleast precise term, having the least significant figures.
sh
Here, the least precise term is 0.112 having only 3 significant digits.
Question 1.31 How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the
following calculation?
(ii)
Answer :
Here, is having 4 significant digits.
Therefore, after multiplying by 5 the answer would also have the same 4 significant
figures .
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Question 1.31 How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the
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following calculation?
tit
(iii) 0.0125 + 0.7864 + 0.0215
Answer :
s
Here, the least number of decimal places in each term is four.
In
Therefore, the calculation would also have the same 4 significant figures .
sh
Question 1.32 Use the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of
naturally occuring argon isotopes:
ka
For different isotopes of argon, we have given their naturally occurring abundances.
e
So, to calculate the molar mass:
ut
Multiply the isotopic molar mass with their abundance to get the molar mass, and then
add all of them to get,
s tit
In
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(i) 52 moles of Ar
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Answer :
.
Question 1.33 Calculate the number of atoms
(ii) 52 u of He.
Answer :
e
As 1 atom of He weights 4 u.
ut
Hence the number of atoms of He present in 52 u will be:
s tit
Question 1.33 Calculate the number of atoms
In
(iii) 52 g of He.
Answer :
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Question 1.34 A welding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a small
sample of it in oxygen gives 3.38 g carbon dioxide, 0.690 g of water and no other
products. A volume of 10.0 L (measured at STP) of this welding gas is found to weigh
11.6 g. Calculate
Answer :
e
The amount of carbon in of :
ut
tit
The amount of hydrogen in of :
s
In
The compound contains only C and H,
e
So, the simplest molar ratio will be
ut
Therefore, the empirical formula is .
tit
Question 1.34 A welding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a small
s
sample of it in oxygen gives 3.38 g carbon dioxide, 0.690 g of water and no other
In
products. A volume of 10.0 L (measured at STP) of this welding gas is found to weigh
11.6 g. Calculate
Answer :
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sample of it in oxygen gives 3.38 g carbon dioxide, 0.690 g of water and no other
products. A volume of 10.0 L (measured at STP) of this welding gas is found to weigh
11.6 g. Calculate
e
ut
Answer :
tit
The mass of empirical formula .
Therefore,
s
In
sh
Question 1.35 Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl 2 and
Aa
Answer :
contains in of solution.
Or, of in solution.
Therefore,
e
Mass of in of :
ut
so, from the given chemical equation,
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1 mole of i.e., reacts with 2 moles of i.e., .
In
Therefore, reacts completely with to give:
sh
ka
Answer :
Molar mass of is .
Here from the reaction 1 mole of reacts with 4 moles of ,
i.e., of .
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ut
s tit
In
sh
ka
Aa