NUTRITION IN ADOLESCENCE
WEEK 7: NUTRITION
ACROSS LIFE SPAN 2
CANVAS MODULE
NUTRITION IN SCHOOL-AGE
🦖 mostly body builders and energy foods.
• The period between 7 -12 years old is characterized
by a slow, steady growth, increased body
proportions, with a daily caloric requirement: 2,100
to 2,400 kcal/day. They expresses own food choices
and with strong urge to eat what his friends eat
(peer relationship) and eats what most adults do.
Eats a wider variety of foods and has more likes and
dislikes, develops fondness for food products of his
movie idol.
• Improve the nutrition of school children by
providing them with wholesome food the lowest
reasonable cost. Should foster proper eating habit,
Obesity is common, Wants simple and plain dishes,
likes competitive play, oral medications preferred,
observe and explain pre pubertal changes. They
should ensure involvement in planning and
preparing meals. Involve in problem solving
develops industry, hangs out with same sex.
• In school age behavior problems are common
(bullying) and assume death as punishment
NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES:
• CALORIES
o 80 to 90 kcal/kg for children aged( 7-9 year)
o 70 to 80 kcal/kg for children aged (10-12
years)
• PROTEIN
o 37 gm daily for children (7-9 years old)
o 43 to 48 gm daily for children to (10-12
years old)
• VITAMINS AND MINERALS
o essential for growth and development like
iron, ascorbic acid and calcium
FEEDING PROBLEMS:
• Inadequate meals
• Poor appetite
• Sweet tooth
Page 1 of 5 NCMA215 Week 7
• It is a transition period of human development that
occurs between childhood and adulthood. Girls go
through this period earlier than boys do.
• Teenagers lead and active like with gang or
“barkada”. Parents always wonder where the
teenager gets their energy and vitality so prepare
• Daily caloric requirement: Girls - 2,200 kcal/day,
Boys – 2,700 kcal/day. This is the time when the
adolescence needs more body building and energy
boosting foods. Need to add more foods rich in
protein, calories, irons, and vitamin C, and also
provide Iron and Zinc
• Adolescence need to teach stress management and
coping technique. Exercise is important, acceptance
through peers is needed, growth spurt, encourage
decision making. Attachment to opposite sex, need
guidance by the parents, and substance abused
early pregnancy must be addressed, respect
independence but minimally, identity vs role
confusion.
• Anorexia Nervosa, commonly called anorexia, is a
psychological disorder more common to women
than men. It can begin as early as late childhood, but
usually begins during the teen years or early
twenties
NUTRITION IN ADULT YEARS
• It is the period of life when one has attained full
growth and maturity between 21-50 years of age. It
includes maintenance of the desirable body weight.
To prevent overweight and obesity
FEEDING THE ADULT
• To stay healthy, the following must be observed and
followed: Eat variety of foods, Maintain ideal
weight, Avoid too much fat, saturated fat and
cholesterol, Eat food with adequate starch and
fibers, Avoid too much sugar; avoid too much
sodium, Avoid alcohol, drink alcohol in moderation.
NUTRITIONAL ISSUES
• Osteoporosis is a silent enemy. It is a bone disease
that leads to an increased risk of fracture.. It is less
common in men than in women. Women at risk in
developing osteoporosis include thin small bonded
Annotated by: C. Danting
 women; women with a family history of the disease; COMMON PROBLEMS AMONG THE ELDERLY
women whose ovaries were removed at an early
• Difficulty in chewing due to loss of teeth and not
age. For proper bone mass to be maintained, bones
getting used to dentures. Need to shop meat or
must be stressed as they are exercised. To prevent
flake fish or chop vegetable in small bite-sized
bone loss, exerts recommend 30 minutes of
pieces for easy chewing. Lack of Appetite. Make
exercise 3 to 6 times a week and calcium
food attractive by varying color, shape and size.
supplements if the diet is not rich in foods
containing calcium such as milk and dairy products, • Unwanted weight and due to lack of physical
spinach and broccoli. activity and/or to overeating. Need to take in any
moderate amounts of energy food, avoid rich
• Arthritis is a disease that causes the joints to
sauces salad dressings. And pastries or cake with
become painful and stiff. It results in structural
heavy icing. Anxiety, confusion, insecurity or
changes in the cartilage of the joints. A client
loneliness. Start the day right with a good breakfast.
arthritis should be especially careful to avoid
Keep up with a group, join a club and participate in
overweight because the extra weight adds to joints.
community activities.
NUTRITION IN AGING • Poor digestion leading to constipation, gas pains, or
diarrhea. Need too include fruits and vegetables in
• ELDERLY – refers to the period being past middle
their daily meals to prevent constipation. Have four
age.
light meals. East the heaviest meal at noon. Need to
• AGING – is a continuous process that starts in the
drink 6-8 glasses of water and fruit juices everyday.
womb ends in the tomb.
If suffering from diarrhea, take simple foods like tea,
• Aging are believed to be caused by loss in the
crackers, broth of boiled banana and kamote. Avoid
number of cells. Collagen in the connective tissues
fibrous fruits and vegetables
undergoes chemical changes with aging. Sense of
• Poor absorption leading to anemia and other
taste and sense of smell are less acute causing loss
vitamin deficiencies. Iron-rich foods like liver lean
of appetite. Less saliva is secretes so swallowing of
meat, egg yolk, saluyot, and seaweed are
food is difficult. Digestion is affected due to
recommended to avoid anemia. Vitamin C rich
reduction acidity and pepsin content and fats are
foods like papaya, mango and dalanghita help
poorly tolerated because they retard gastric
absorb iron and speed up healing. Take in foods like
evacuation.
milk, milk products, dilis, alamang, and other leafy
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS vegetables. These food contain calcium needed for
strong bones. Exposure to sunlight helps maintain
• CALORIES the bone structure.
o reduction of calories is recommended • Difficulty in sleeping. Need to drink warm milk just
because of reduced BMR and physical before going to bed to assure a restful night. Avoid
activity tea or coffee late in the day, if any of these cold/hot
• PROTEINS drinks affect one’s sleep.
o 1.1 gm/kg body weight is required for
prevention of progressive tissue wasting FOODS NEEDED DAILY BY THE ELDERLY:
and ability to disease and infection
• An elderly persons need to eat certain foods in the
• VITAMINS AND MINERALS
adequate amounts for good health. Usually, the
o calcium, iron, Vitamin A, B complex and
elderly need less energy foods due to less physical
Vitamin C
activities but more protein food to repair worn out
• WATER AND FIBER tissues.
o 6 to 8 glasses or more consumed daily –
eliminates waste products, stimulates
peristalsis and combating constipation

Page 2 of 5 NCMA215 Week 7 Annotated by: C. Danting

 TERMINOLOGIES • Furnishing energy needed for the vigorous activity
of this age.
• ADULTHOOD – is the period of life when one has
• Helping to maintain resistance to infection.
attained full growth and maturity ( between 21 and
• Providing adequate nutrient stores to assist in
50 years old )
adolescent growth
• ELDERHOOD - refers to the period of being past
middle age. An elderly person needs a certain foods NUTRITION ALLOWANCES
in adequate amount for good health
• Calories
o 80 to 90 kcal/kg for children aged 7-9 years
WEEK 7: NUTRITION o 70 to 80 kcal/kg for children aged 10-12
years
ACROSS LIFE SPAN 2
• Protein
CANVAS PPT o 37 gm daily for children 7-9 years old
o 43 to 48 gm daily for children to 10-12 years
old
NUTRITION IN SCHOOL-AGED
• Vitamins and minerals – essential for growth and
• Ages 7 -12 years old development like iron, ascorbic acid and calcium
• Daily caloric requirement: 2,100 to 2,400 kcal/day FEEDING PROBLEMS
• Characterized by a slow, steady growth, increased
body proportions, INADEQUATE MEALS
• Expresses own food choices • breakfast is often missed or hurriedly eaten by
• Strong urge to eat what his friends eat (peer school children.
relationship)
• Eats what most adults do CAUSES
• Eats a wider variety of foods and has more likes and
• Nothing to eat
dislikes
• Late bed riser
• Develops fondness for food products of his movie
• Fear of being late for school
idol
• Rush is preparing oneself for school
• Competitive play
• Should foster proper eating habit POOR APPETITE
• Obesity is common
CAUSES
• Oral Medications preferred
• Observe and explain pre-pubertal change • Demanding school work
• Wants simple and plain dishes • Tiring extracurricular activities
• Ensure involvement in planning and preparing • New outdoor experiences
meals • Soft drinks in school
• Problem solving develops industry
THE CHILD HAS SWEET TOOTH
• Hangs out with same sex
• Grows steadily. CAUSES
• Behavior problems are common (bullying)
• Parents give sweets as rewards or pasalubong to
• Assume death as punishment.
kinds
Growth during the school age period is paralleled by a
NUTRITION IN ADOLESCENCE
constant increase in food intake.
• The period of greatest nutritional needs coincide
Nutrition plays a role in:
with the peak rate growth during the adolescent
spurt.

Page 3 of 5 NCMA215 Week 7 Annotated by: C. Danting

• Thus, the adolescents need more food from each of
the food groups.
• Introducing and encouraging them to eat a wide
variety of foods can set the pattern of food habits
that will be followed throughout life.
• It is a transition period of human development that
occurs between childhood and adulthood. Girls go
through this period earlier than boys do.
• Teenagers lead and active like with gang or
“barkada”
• Parents always wonder where the teenager gets
their energy and vitality so prepare mostly body
builders and energy foods.
• Daily caloric requirement: Girls - 2,200 kcal/day,
Boys – 2,700 kcal/day
• This is the time when the adolescence needs more
body building and energy boosting foods.
• Need to add more foods rich in protein, calories,
irons, and vitamin C
• Provide Iron and Zinc so that they would not
develop anemia in adulthood
• Attachment to opposite sex
• Identity vs role confusion
• Acceptance through peers is needed, growth spurt,
encourage decision making.
• Teach stress management and coping technique
• Respect independence
• Substance abused and early pregnancy must be
addressed
• Teenage pregnancy is often the cause of
malnutrition not only of the mother but also in the
infant, and therefore should be avoided.
NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES
• Calories
o needs higher energy expenditure brought
about by intense physical activity
• Protein
o Protein needs are high among teenagers
because of the accelerated growth and
development.
o 59 grams per day for 13-15 years old; 65
grams for 16-19 years old
• Vitamins
o Vitamin C allowance is constantly higher
among boys than among girls aged 16 to 19
years old. Compared to female
counterpart, the older male adolescenets
Page 4 of 5 NCMA215 Week 7
have higher recommended allowance for
vitamin A,
• Minerals
o allowances for calcium, iron and iodine for
increased thyroid activity associated with
growth
POSSIBLE NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS
• Low intake of Calcium, Vitamin A and C
• Low intake of iron for girls
• Anorexia nervosa / Bulimia – Psychologic eating
disorders more common to women than men.
Anorexia nervosa is food restricting and Bulimia
purging behavior
• Obesity or underweight
• Skin problems
SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL CONCERN DURING
ADOLESCENCE
• Nutritional concern during adolescence are eating
disorders, inappropriate food patterns including
skipping of meals, practice of food fads and crash
diets and used of alcohol and drugs.
• Adolescent girls are also prone to dieting for fear of
becoming fat. A well-balanced varied diet spread
over three meals and small snacks will ensure
adequate nutrition.
• HEALTH PROBLEMS
• Smoking
• Alcoholism
• Drug Addiction
• Sexually Trasmitted diseases
• Adolescent Pregnancy
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES RELATED TO:
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
• food aversions and emotional problems
o Fear of overweight or crash diets
o Food diets
o Poor choice of snack foods
o Irregular eating pattern
o Additional stress of pregnancy
REGULAR SCREENING
• Hemoglobin and hematocrit
o detect Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Urinalysis
Annotated by: C. Danting
 o detect Urinary Tract Infection
• Physical Assessment and X-ray
o detect scoliosis
• Breast examination for females
o detection of breast CA
• Testicular examination for males
o detection of testicular CA
• Gynecologic care for females
NUTRITION IN ADULT YEAR
• - It is the period of life when one has attained full
growth and maturity between 21-50 years of age
FEEDING THE ADULT
To stay healthy, the following must be observed and
followed:
• Eat variety of foods
• Eat food with adequate starch and fibers
• Maintain ideal weight
• Avoid too much fat, saturated fat and cholesterol
• Avoid alcohol, drink alcohol in moderation.
• Avoid too much sugar; avoid too much sodium
NUTRITIONAL ISSUES
OSTEOPOROSIS
• is a silent enemy.
• It is a bone disease that leads to an increased risk of
fracture
• It is less common in men than in women
• Women who are at risk in developing osteoporosis
are women whose ovaries are removed at an early
age, and sedentary women.
• Smokers and drinkers are also at risk.
• To prevent bone loss experts recommend 30
minutes of exercise 3 to 6 times a week and calcium
supplement.
CANCER
• Because of high incidence of cancer in adulthood.
HERE ARE THE RECOMMENDED FOODS TO FEND OFF
CANCER
• Fruits, vegetables, and whole grain cereals such as
oatmeal, bran, wheat may help lower the risk of
colorectal cancer.
Page 5 of 5 NCMA215 Week 7
• CAROTENE – a form of vitamin A present in
cantaloupe, peaches, broccoli, spinach, all dark
green leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes, carrots,
pumpkins, tomatoes , citrus foods lowers the risk of
cancer of the larynx and esophagus.
• Cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower
reduce the risk of GI and respiratory tract cancer.
• Foods high in fats, or nitrite-cured foods like ham
and fish, and types of sausages smoked by
traditional methods should be eaten in moderation.
• Milk, especially 2-3 cups of vitamin D fortified skim
milk a day may help ward off colon cancer.
• Cabbage prevents cancer. In fact, all vegetables
which fall into a group of plants known as Cruciferae
have an anti-cancer effect, cabbage, cauliflower,
broccoli, mustard and collard.
NUTRITION IN AGING
• ELDERLY– refers to the period being past middle
age.
AGING
• Is a continuous process that starts in the womb ends
in the tomb.
• Aging are believed to be caused by loss in the
number of cells
• Collagen in the connective tissues undergoes
chemical changes with aging
• Sense of taste and sense of smell are less acute
causing loss of appetite
• Less saliva is secretes so swallowing of food is
difficult
• Digestion is affected due to reduction acidity and
pepsin content
• Fats are poorly tolerated because they retard
gastric evacuation
•
•
Annotated by: C. Danting