Sectors of Indian Economy

Unemployment is a term referring to

individuals who are employable and
actively seeking a job but are unable
to find a job
Underemployment is a condition in
which the worker is not able to fully
utilise their skill and abilities
Types of Underemployment
DISGUISED UNDEREMPLOYMENT

This kind of Underemployment is

hidden in contrast to someone
who does not have a job and is
clearly visible as unemployed.
Laxmi owns a small unirrigated land.

Throughout the year her whole family

work’s on the same land.

All are working no one is idle, but in

reality only labour efforts get divided.

This is a situation of underemployment,

where persons are working less than
their potential.
 Disguised Seasonal
Unemployment Unemployment

● It is a situation in which
● People appears to be people are not able to find
employed, but are actually jobs during some months of
not employed the year

● This usually happens among ● Because of the seasonal

family members engaged in
agricultural activities
character of agriculture in
India agricultural labourers
find work only during busy
seasons such as sowing,
harvesting
How to Create More Employment?
 Increase lending
in formal sector in
rural areas

Focus on small
Solving problems scale industries
in rural areas

Encouraging
construction
Improvement in activities for
Education, health employment
and Tourism
❏ Honey Collection centres can be set up nearby
forests

❏ Operating cold storage could give an opportunity

for farmers to store their products like potatoes
and onions.

❏ Promoting agro-based industries in semi rural

areas - that process vegetables and agricultural
produce like potato, sweet potato, rice, wheat,
tomato,fruits, which can be sold in outside
markets.
Planning Commission estimates
that nearly 20 lakh jobs can be
created in the education sector
alone.
Similarly, if we are to improve
the health situation, we need
many more doctors, nurses,
health workers etc. to work in
rural areas.
 NREGA : Right to Work

Full Form : National Rural Employment

Guarantee Act

Year : 2005

Objective: To provide at least 100 days of work

that provides guaranteed wage in a financial
year

Number of districts covered: As of 11th

February 2021; 708 districts are covered

If the government fails in its duty to provide

employment, it will give unemployment
allowances to the people. The types of work
that would in future help to increase the
production from land will be given preference
under the Act.
Organised and Unorganised sector
 On the basis of the employment conditions and
rules, economic activities are divided into
organised and unorganised sectors:

Organised Sector :

1. Employees get assurance at work

2. Working hours are fixed. Overtime is

paid for extra hours

3. Employees get several benefits such as

medical insurance, paid leaves, etc.

4. Job security is there as compared to

unorganised sector

5. Employment terms are fixed and the

organisation follows government
mandates and rules of employment.
The Unorganised Sector

1. It usually consists of small-scale industries and

household manufacturing units.
2. Jobs here are low paid and often not regular,
3. Mostly, they do not have paid leave, holiday,
leave due to sickness and so on. Employment is
not secure.
4. The employment terms are not fixed and
regular.
5. They do not enjoy any special benefits or job
security.
6. These enterprises are not registered with the
government.
How to Protect Workers in the Unorganised
Sector?

Identification of
vulnerable groups and
Find and punish the
communities.
organised sector orgs that
For e.g. people belonging
pretend to be of
to lower castes, women
unorganised sector to
workers etc.
evade taxes.
They are more prone to
exclusion

80% of rural households

In urban areas, the small
are in small and marginal
scale industries can be
farmer category. They
protected by
need timely delivery of
government’s support for
seeds, agricultural inputs,
procuring raw material
credit, storage facilities
and marketing for output.
and marketing outlets.
SECTORS IN TERMS OF OWNERSHIP:
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS
Modern day governments spend on a
whole range of activities. What are these
activities? Why do governments spend on
such activities?
There are several things needed by the society
as a whole but which the private sector will not
provide at a reasonable cost.

Also, collecting money from thousands of

people who use these facilities is not easy.
Even if they do provide these things they
would charge a high rate for their use.

There are some activities, which the

government has to support. The private sector
may not continue their production or business
unless government encourages it. For
example, selling electricity at the cost of
generation may push up the costs of
production of goods in many industries. Many
units, especially small-scale units, might have
to shut down. Government here steps in by
producing and supplying electricity at rates
which these industries can afford. Government
has to bear part of the cost.
There are a large number of activities which
are the primary responsibility of the
government. The government must spend on
these. Providing health and education
facilities for all is one example.

It is also the duty of the government to take

care of the poorest and most ignored regions
of the country through increased spending in
such areas.
Assertion: Manufacturing rotis at home from flour is a
type of economic activity

Reason: Economic activities are the ones that

generates income.

A. Both A & R are true and R is correct

explanation of A

B. Both A & R are true, but R is not the correct

explanation of A

C. A is true, but R is false

D. A is false and R is true

Assertion: Manufacturing rotis at home from flour is a
type of economic activity

Reason: Economic activities are the ones that

generates income.

A. Both A & R are true and R is correct

explanation of A

B. Both A & R are true, but R is not the correct

explanation of A

C. A is true, but R is false

D. A is false and R is true

Extraction of Minerals is an activity of:

A. Primary Sector

B. Secondary Sector

C. Tertiary Sector

D. Organized Sector
Extraction of Minerals is an activity of:

A. Primary Sector

B. Secondary Sector

C. Tertiary Sector

D. Organized Sector
 Match the following:

List A List B

A. Banking 1. Private Sector

B. Mining 2. Secondary
Sector
C. Reliance 3. Tertiary Sector
D. Preparing Woollen fibres 4. Primary Sector

CODES
A B C D
a) 3 4 1 2

b) 2 1 4 3

c) 4 3 2 1

d) 4 3 1 2
 Match the following:

List A List B

A. Selling Woollen Garments 1. Private Sector

B. Rearing of Sheep 2. Secondary
Sector
C. Raymond Coats 3. Tertiary Sector
D. Preparing Woollen fibres 4. Primary Sector

CODES
A B C D
a) 3 4 1 2

b) 2 1 4 3

c) 4 3 2 1

d) 4 3 1 2
 In a developed nation, which of the
following sectors is the most
developed?

A. Primary Sector

B. Secondary Sector

C. Tertiary Sector

D. Organized Sector
 In a developed nation, which of the
following sectors is the most
developed?

A. Primary Sector

B. Secondary Sector

C. Tertiary Sector

D. Organized Sector
In which year NREGA was launched by
Indian Government?

A. 2010

B. 2001

C. 2000

D. 2005
In which year NREGA was launched by
Indian Government?

A. 2010

B. 2001

C. 2000

D. 2005