Hildegard Peplau's nursing theory defines nursing as an interpersonal, healthcare approach that

emerges when nurses engage in treatment communication with patients. She defines it as a partnership
in which the nurse assists clients in growing by recognizing problems and supporting them in
comprehending their own behavior. "Paying attention to the requirements of patients, so that
individuals may grow further, is a manner of utilizing nursing as a ‘social force' to help individuals
discover what they want and to feel free and capable of struggling with others that offers happiness and
moves civilization ahead" (Dantonio, Beeber, Sills, & Naegle, 2014).

Madeleine Leininger's philosophy of nursing centered on two notions: care and culture. Her culture of
care idea was founded on the assumption that people from all ethnicities were capable of leading
healthcare workers to the sort of treatment they sought. Care is defined as action of helping,
encouraging, or enabling another person with the intention of enhancing or improving a human
condition or lifeway. Culture is defined as a distinct group's taught, shared, and reproduced values,
beliefs, customs, and practices that govern their thoughts, choices, and behaviors in predictable ways. A
culture of care addresses patients' everyday needs and helps them to achieve health and well-being
(McFarland & WehbeAlamah, 2015).

As they emphasize the significance of building a nurse-patient relationship, both concepts may be
employed when practicing as an Advanced Registered Nurse. Peplau's interpersonal model is defined
as goal-directed, nurse-client interaction method designed to enhance the client's individuality and
quality of life (DeNisco & Barker, 2016). This concept promotes patient autonomy and supports patients'
responsibilities for their own health. When creating achievable goals, it is important to concentrate
primarily on patient requirements; yet, there is little to no relevance when it comes to family dynamics.
As a result, I will not put this notion to use in an acute care situation. My conviction is that total
wellbeing requires a supportive family. Leininger's method focuses not only on the person but also on
assisting them in maintaining their sense of self and culture through family, community-centered care.
As a healthcare professional, I can have a deeper knowledge of the patients' supporting system in order
to create a treatment plan that is consistent with their values and culture.

D'Antonio, P., Beeber, L., Sills, G., & Naegle, M. (2014). The future in the past: Hildegard Peplau and
interpersonal relations in nursing. Nursing inquiry, 21(4), 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12056

DeNisco, S. M., & Barker, A. (2016). Advanced practice nursing: essential knowledge for the profession
(3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/nurs_fac/103/

McFarland, M. R., & Wehbe-Alamah, H. B. (2015). Leininger's culture care diversity and universality: a
worldwide nursing theory, p. 370.