NAME: RICA B.

SALON

COURSE & SECTION: BSED-ENGLISH 1B

INSTRUCTOR: MR. QUIM M. MIOLATA

SUBJECT: LINGUISTIC 3

READING ASSIGNMENT 7

1. Define a sentence adverb. What does it modify in a sentence? Give examples.

- Sentence adverb refers to a whole statement it is also an act as a comment, showing and convey the
attitude or opinion of the speaker or writer into a particular situation. Sentence adverb limits or describes
the meaning of an entire statement rather than just a single word or phrase. Sentence adverbs most
commonly indicate doubt or emphasize a statement’s certainty. Sentence adverb modifies an entire
sentence is called a sentence adverb it sometimes called a modal adverb as sentence adverb are usually
appear at the beginning of the sentence but they can also appear within the sentence and modifies a
whole sentence or clause.

Examples:

 Still, I would like to join the volleyball club.

 Suddenly I realized that I have a quiz to be taken this afternoon.
 I can’t participate on the training tomorrow; however, I will be the one to make the video
presentation.

2. What is the difference between simple adverb and compound adverb?

- The difference between simple adverb and compound adverb are, simple adverb is a single word that
qualifies a single part of speech, and it only contain one word and they are most used adverbs. Sentence
adverb can also modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. While the compound adverbs is appears to be
a single word but is a compound of several words, compound adverbs should be used cautiously and
sparingly because they tend to make the tone stuffy, it is also used to modify a verb, adjective or even
another verb.
3. What are the 12 types of adverbs? Describe each.
- The 12 types of adverbs are the following:
 Adverbs of manner
 Adverbs of time
 Adverbs of place
 Adverbs of degree
 Adverbs of reason
 Adverbs of consequence
 Adverbs of number
 Interrogative adverbs
 Exclamatory adverbs
 Affirmative and negative adverbs
 Relative adverbs
 Conjunctive adverbs

1. Adverbs of manner
- Some adverbs, called manner adverbs or adverbs of manner, describe “how,” “in what way,” or “by what
method” an action or condition occurs. More examples of manner adverbs are foolishly, quickly,
otherwise, and namely. A manner adverb may replace a prepositional phrase that functions adverbially.

2. Adverbs of time
- An adverb of time indicates duration, repetition, date and frequency. Some present-time adverbs are
immediately, now, today, and tonight. Future-time adverbs include soon and tomorrow and adverbs
showing repetition or duration include always, often, rarely, and seldom at the same time an adverb of
time may replace a prepositional phrase.

3. Adverbs of place
- An adverb of place or location (also called a locative adverb), or of direction, shows the place at which the
action of the verb occurs or the direction that it takes. It often answers the question “where” or “in (at)
what place” and the manner adverb can/may replace a locative adverbial phrase.

4. Adverbs of degree
- An adverb of degree describes the intensity or quality of an action in terms of “how much,” “how little,”
or “in what degree” it also generally modifies the adjectives.

5. Adverbs of reason
- An adverb of reason or cause answers the questions “why” or “for what purpose” while the several
adverbs of reason are conjunctive.
6. Adverbs of consequence
- An adverb of consequence (sometimes called a consequential adverb) introduces a clause that states an
inference, conclusion or result based upon the faced situation some examples of consequential adverbs
are so that, such that, therefore, and thus.

7. Adverbs of number
- An adverb of number (also called a numeric adverb) indicates order or position. Adverbs of number are
traditionally formed by adding the -ly suffix to ordinal numbers like secondly, thirdly, etc. But such forms
are now generally considered less editorially desirable: the ordinal numbers alone can function
adverbially.

8. Interrogative adverbs
- Interrogative adverbs are used to ask questions; they include words like how, when, where, and why.
Such an adverb can be used to ask a direct question or an indirect question. Interrogative adverb can also
modify some word or phrase in the sentence, it also often presents a question about manner, time, place,
degree, reason and number.

9. Exclamatory adverbs
- Many of the same words that function as interrogative adverbs can be used to introduce exclamations as
well, when used in this way, these words are called exclamatory adverbs.

10. Affirmative and negative adverbs

- Affirmative adverbs indicate assent or approval. In Standard English, two negatives cancel each other out
and are generally equivalent to a weak affirmative They can be single words or expressions. In Standard
English, two negatives cancel each other out and are generally equivalent to a weak affirmative. While the
Negative adverbs indicate disapproval or denial

11. Relative adverbs

- A relative adverb joins a dependent (subordinate) clause to an independent (main) clause while modifying
the clause of which it is a part.

12. Conjunctive adverbs

- A conjunctive adverb (sometimes called a connective adverb) is used as a conjunction to connect a
dependent clause to an independent clause. Furthermore, a conjunctive adverb may appear to modify the
verbs in the introduced clauses, but its primary function is to connect the clauses; ordinary subordinate
 conjunctions merely introduce dependent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs may denote time, place, or
reason, and can be used to introduce clauses that are used as nouns and it also introduce a noun clause.

4. Describe each adverbial degree

- Like adjective, adverbs have three degrees: the positive, the comparative, and the superlative. A positive
adverb simply expresses a quality without reference to any other thing.

Adverbial Degrees

 Comparative forms
- A comparative adverb compares the quality of a specified action shared by two things, most one syllable
adverbs that do not end in -ly form the comparative by taking the suffix -er. These forms are called
synthetic comparatives. Multisyllable adverbs usually form the comparative with more or less these forms
are called periphrastic comparatives. But there are exceptions for adverbs that end in -ly if the -ly is not a
suffix.

 Superlative forms
- A superlative adverb compares the quality of a specified action shared by at least three things. While in a
loose sense, the superlative is sometimes used for emphasis rather than comparison. These forms are
called synthetic superlatives. Multisyllable adverbs usually form the superlative with most or least. These
forms are called periphrastic superlatives.

 Irregular adverbs
- A few adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms. While a good dictionary is the best
resource for finding an irregular adverb’s forms of comparison.

 Noncomparable adverbs
- Many adverbs are noncomparable. Some, by their definitions, are absolute and cannot be compared and
most adverbs indicating time, position, number, or place, are also noncomparable.

5. What are the positions of adverbs?

- The positions of adverbs are the:

 Placement as affecting meaning

 It is use to avoid the miscues; an adverb should generally be placed as near as possible to the word it is
intended to notify. Placing the adverb with the word it modifies makes the meaning clear because A
misplaced adverb can completely change a sentence’s meaning.

 Modifying words other than verbs

- If an adverb qualifies an adjective, an adverb, a preposition, or a conjunction, it should immediately
precede the word qualified, and the adverb or adverbs modifying a single adjective, grouped with that
adjective, are called an adjective cluster.

 Modifying intransitive verbs

- If an adverb qualifies an intransitive verb, it should immediately follow the verb, some exceptions are
always, never, often, generally, rarely, and seldom, which may precede the verb.

 Adverbs and linking verbs

- Adverbs do not generally follow linking verbs such as be-verbs, appear, become, feel, hear, look, seem,
smell, and taste. These verbs connect a descriptive word with the clause’s subject; the descriptive word
applies to the subject, not the verb. To determine whether a verb is a linking verb, consider whether the
descriptive word describes the action or condition, or the subject.

 Adverb within verb phrase

- When an adverb qualifies a verb phrase, the normal place for the adverb is between the auxiliary verb and
the principal verb but some adverbs may follow the principal verb. There has never been a rule against
placing an adverbial modifier between the auxiliary verb and the principal verb in a verb phrase. In fact,
it’s typically preferable to put the adverb. But sometimes it is perfectly appropriate to split an infinitive
with an adverb to add emphasis, clarify meaning, or produce a natural sound. While, A verb’s infinitive or
to form is split when an intervening word immediately follows to. If the adverb bears the emphasis in a
phrase e adverb bears the emphasis in a phrase the split infinitive is justified and often even necessary.
But if moving the adverb to the end of the phrase doesn’t suggest a different meaning or impair the
sound, then you have an acceptable way to avoid splitting the infinitive. Recasting a sentence just to
eliminate a split infinitive or to avoid splitting the When there is a compound verb form, it is usual to put
the adverb between the auxiliary and the main verb.

 Importance of placement
- An adverb’s placement is also important because adverbs show time, place or source, manner, degree or
extent, reason, consequences and number. Moreover, Adverbs can also express comments or
observations of such situation.

 Adverbial objective
- Sometimes a noun element functions as an adverb or adverbial phrase that completes a predicate: this is
called an adverbial objective, but other noun elements commonly have this function.
  Adverbial clause
- A dependent clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb in the independent clause is called an
adverbial clause. Essentially, it is a subordinate clause that functions as an adverb. Although the
placement of an adverbial clause is variable, generally it follows the word it modifies if it expresses place,
manner, result, or comparison.

 “Only”
- The word only can function as an adverb, an adjective, or a conjunction and it can also modify to any part
of speech. In its adverbial uses, it is sometimes called a focusing adverb. When referring to the subject of
a sentence, only usually precedes the subject. When referring to (and unambiguously) before what it
logically modifies or else in “mid-position” (maybe ambiguously) in a position that to many speakers of
English feels more comfortably idiomatic. The mid-position only may be acceptable in speech because the
speaker can use intonation to make the meaning clear. But there is no guidance from intonation in
writing, so the more words there are between only and the word it truly modifies, the greater the chance
that the sentence will be genuinely ambiguous.