Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 8

Deze pagina bekijken in het: Nederlands

!"#$%&'(##")&*%&+,++
! " # $ % &

' ( * )

-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ" 6 '$3784(&9"3"0#"ş&*:&';3<

=(>0(47 6

-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"
9"3"0"ş&'$3787?&*+@@
A1<101ş&'$3787?&*@++
9"3"B"."?&-.#$/&CD)7
E$ş<(/47?&FGğ;4%&E"3.$%&HI73/(%&İ.4$/J"0
=707?&-.#$/01&';3<K(.7
=(>0(4&E$ş<$/1?&F"04$/

-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&9"3"0"ş"

M/$I50"&N';3<7O(P&F(0K"<0"0$31/1/&*Q,R&O101/I$
534$I$/&<$0<#$.1O0$&J(3$J(3%&G)(007<0(&E$41
M/$I50"LI$<7&J(O07<0(3&$3$.1/I$%&';3<&J7307ğ7/7
O(/7I(/&4(.7.&(4#(O7&$#$K0$O$/&#;B$I(0(0(3
<1)1ş#1ş&7I7S&İş4(&J"&#;B$I(0(0(37/&/(47B(.7/I(
M/$I50"LI$&-.#$/5ğ"00$31&/1/&O10I1)1
2$30$O$B$<&>(&$041&O;)&O101&$ş$/&#"84(ş(#&J73
';3<&I(>0(47/(&4$378&4$/1<01<&(I(B(<473S
-.#$/5ğ"00$31/1/&T(/ş(L7?&'$3787&<$O/$<0$3$
UG3(&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"&<"3$/0$3%
-ğ")0$31/&+V&J5O"/I$/&J737&50$/&9$O1&J5O"/$
#(/."24"3S&-ğ")&$/L$/(.7/(&UG3(&9$O10$3%&.$ğ
<50I$&O(3&$0$/&E5)5<0$31/&C;/8$/&<50"/"/&(/
J;O;<&J5O"I"3S&=50$O1.1O0$&-ğ")&4(ş<70D4
O$21.1/I$&9$O10$3%&8$<7#&"/."3I"3S&E"/I$/
I50$O1&=(I(&953<"4L4$&WXD<7#7O(4&J73&U;/
9$O1LO$&I(ğ(Y&J"&I(I7ğ7#&-.#$/&/(.07I73Z
I(/70(3(<&-.#$/5ğ"00$31/1/&8D<7#7O(47
#(ş3"0$ş4131013S

9$O10$3%&T$0$)U734&T(OI$/&F$>$ş1L/1/&8(#(/
$<$J7/I(&M/$I50"LO$&U(0(/&-ğ")
J5O0$31/I$/I13S&=50$O1.1O0$&5/0$31/&M/$I50"
B5ğ3$[O$.1&7K(37.7/I(&O"34&4"4#$O$&OG/(07<&UGK
8$3(<(40(37&8(#&M/$I50"L/"/&';3<0(ş#(.7
8(#&I(&';3<7O(&4$3787/7/&ş(<700(/#(.7
J$<1#1/I$/&50I"<K$&G/(#07I73S&'$378\
<$O/$<0$3$&UG3(&(007&J7/&<$I$3&'$4$3&>(
';3<#(/&U$)$&>(&B78$4&#$<.$I1O0$&G/B(
H3)"3"#&>(&H3)7/B$/L$%&$3I1/I$/&I$&M34"<0"
.$8$.1/I$&O(3&$0$/&C;/(OI5ğ"&M/$I50"LO$
OG/(0#7ş0(3I7S&9$O1&J5O"/"/&J(O7&F;0(O#$/
Ş$8%&X$0(2L(&U7I(3<(/&]13$4L4$&J5ğ"0#"ş&>(
W';3<&T()$31Z&I$&I(/70(/&!$J(3&9$0(.7L/I(
I([/(I70#7ş473S&E(O0(37/7&<$OJ(I(/&WUGK(3&(>07Z
0(37/&J73&<1.#1%&J"U;/<;&^3[$_`73$/ş(873&>(
T$3I7/_=(37<&<$)$0$31&$3$.1/I$&J"0"/$/
E(37OO(LO(&U74#7ş&J73&<1.#1&7.(&M/$I50"LO$
I$ğ10#1ş413S&E"&.$8$0$3%&9$O1&J5O"/$&#(/."2
9$3$<(K7070(3L7/&U;/;#;)I(&I(&O5ğ"/&50$3$<
O$ş$I1<0$31&JG0U(0(3I73S

E$J$.1/1/&G0;#;&;)(37/(&IG34&O;)&<$I$3&UGK(3
(>07&70(&JG0U(O7&4(3<&(I(/&H34"ğ3"0&CD)7&G/B(
a$.7/&->$.1L/$%&F;3#(07K"<"3"L/$&>$312&J73
#;II(4&J"3$I$&<$0#1ş%&.5/3$&F(0K"<0"
X;<;#I$31&F"04$/&M0$$II7/L7/&K$ğ31.1&;)(37/(
MI1O$#$/&>(&$3I1/I$/&M/<$3$&B7>$31/$
U(0#7ş473S&A$<0$ş$/&T5ğ50&4(807<(.7&>(&"K0$31
J$.$/&E7)$/.L$&<$3ş1&O$3I1#1/1&UG3I;ğ;
H34"ğ3"0&CD)7&07I(307ğ7/I(<7&9$O10$31&M/<$3$
B7>$31/I$<7&9$3$B$I$ğL$&<5/I"3$/&F"04$/
M0$$II7/%&b"#0$3$&<$3ş1&F"04$/G/;
NH.<7ş(873PL/I(&<$)$/10$/&)$[(3I(%&53I"."/"/
$<1/B101ğ1/1&;.40(/(/&H34"ğ3"0&CD)7LO(&FGğ;4%
=5#$/7K&>(&H3#(/7&E(07L/7&O$O0$<&>(&<1ş0$<
50$3$<&4$8.7.&(4#7ş473S&H34"ğ3"0&CD)7L/7/&>([$41
;)(37/(&N*+R*&>(O$&*+RRP%&<;K;<&5ğ0"&-.#$/
E(O%&9$O10$31/&J$ş1/$&U(K#7ş473S&-ğ")
$ş73(40(37/7/&7447[$<1O0$&J$ş$&U(K47<4(/&.5/3$%
.7O$.\&>(&I7/\&J$<1#I$/&M/$I50"L/"/&(/
747J$301&>(&/;[")0"&4$37<$40$31/I$/&M870(37/
#;87#&J73&ş$8.7O(47&50$/&Ş(O8&HI(J$07L/7/&<1)1
70(&(>0(/(3(<%&U;B;/;&$3413#1ş%&J"/I$/&.5/3$
I$&-.#$/&CD)7%&E7)$/.L$&<$3ş1&U(/7ş0(#(
250747<$.1/1&"OU"0$#1ş413S

M<K$<5B$&E(O&c&-.#$/&CD)7&c&95/"3&M02

-.#$/&CD)7&N*+@@_*Q+:P

*+@@&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&<"3"0"ş"
*Q,,&A5/I87.$3&>(&A(/7ş(873&<$0(0(37/&[(487
*Q,+&95O"/87.$3&)$[(37
*Q,+&9G23;87.$3&[(487
*Q,Q&İ)/7<&<"ş$4#$.1
*Q,Q&T$3#$3$B1<&9$0(.7L/7/&[(487
*Q,:&=7/J5)&d$[(37&.5/"B"/I$&9(.4(0%&9(4(&>(
^0"J$4&<$0(0(37/7/&[(487
*Q,:&İ0<&$.<(37&$/40$ş#$&N^0"J$4&4(<["3"O0$P
*Q,e&İ)/7<L7/&.1<1ş41310#$.1&>(&A$05>$&$<1/1
*Q,R&İ#3$01&MI$.1L/1/&[(487&>(&-.#$/010$31/
T$3#$3$&MI$.1L/$&I$O$/#$0$31
*Q,R&95K87.$3&[(487
*Q*Q&X$3#$/<$O$&'(<["3"&9G.(&T78$70L7/
T;.0;#$/&50#$.1%&<$0(.7&>(&4$3$[4$30$31&70(
J7307<4(&-.#$/010$3$&<$410#$.1

-38$/&CD)7&N*Q+:_*Q:,P

*Q+:&-38$/&CD)7L/7/&4$84$&U(K7ş7
*Q+:&E"3.$L/1/&-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/&$01/1ş1
*QQ*&İ)/7<L7/&-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/&$01/1ş1
*QQ*&İ0<&-.#$/01&#(I3(.(.7/7/&İ)/7<L4(&-38$/
CD)7&4$3$[1/I$/&<"3"0#$.1
*QQV&9$3(.7&E(O07ğ7L/7/&708$<1
*QQe&95B$(07&JG0U(.7/7/&-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/
$01/1ş1
*QV:&-38$/&CD)7L/7/&9$/4$<")(/5.L"/&<1)1&70(
(>0707ğ7&>(&E7)$/.&70(&7447[$<1
*QV@_*Qf+&E7)$/.L$&O$3I1#&7K7/&F;0(O#$/
a$ş$L/1/&b"#(07LO(&U(K7ş7&>(&g7#2(&9$0(.7L/7/
-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/&;.&50$3$<&$01/1ş1
*Qf+&-.#$/010$3L1/&!(/(>7)070(3L(&-.#$/01
4523$<0$31/I$&.(3J(.4&47B$3(4&O$2#$&7#47O$)1
>(3#(0(37
*QfV&C(07J50"L/"/&-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/
$01/1ş1

F"04$/&hST"3$I&NX;ID>(/I7U$3P&N*Q:+_*QR@P

*Q:+&-38$/&CD)7L/7/&>([$41&>(&hS&T"3$4L1/&4$84$
K1<1ş1
*Q:+&İ0<&#;)7<07&.253&UG.4(37.7?&HI73/(
913<21/$3&O$ğ01&U;3(ş0(37
*Q:+&9$I1$.<(307ğ7/&4(ş<707
*Q:Q&a(/K7<&9$/"/"/"/&K1<1ş1
*Q:V&F132.1/I1ğ1&F$>$ş1

F132.1/I1ğ1&F$>$ş1

F132&F1/I1ğ1&F$>$ş1%&*Q:V&O101/I$%&+,S,,,&F132%
T$B$3%&E"0U$3&>(&Hi$<01I$/&50"ş$/&X$K01
İ447[$<1L/1/%&-.#$/010$3L1&E$0<$/0$3LI$/&$4#$<
7K7/&J$ş0$441<0$31&J73&.$>$ş413S

-.#$/010$31/&HI73/(LO7&*Q:+I(&(0(&U(K73I7<0(37
)$#$/&95/.4$/47/52507.L4(/&M>3"2$LO$&U7I(/
.43$4(j7<&$/$&O50&<(.70#7ş47S&';3<&UGK#(/0(3
K5<&.$O1I$&>(&K5<&81)0$&'3$<O$LO$&O(30(ş#(O(
J$ş0$#1ş0$3I1S&-.#$/010$31/&*Q:QI(&]707J(
Nş7#I7&a05>I7>PL7&(0(&U(K73#(0(37&.13$.1/I$
<$K$/&>(&F13J7.4$/L$&.1ğ1/$/&E7)$/.&<"#$/I$/1
-.#$/010$3&;)(37/(&O;3;/#(.7/7&I(>$#01
50$3$<&4$>.7O(I(&J"0"/"O53I"S&E$0<$/0$3I$
J"0"/$/&X137.47O$/&I(>0(40(3&50$/&T$B$3&>(
F132&<3$01<0$31&70(&HiD<&>(&E5./$&23(/.07<0(37
J730(ş7<&50$3$<&J73&X$K01&.([(37&O$2#$O$&<$3$3
>(3I70(3&>(&-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/(&<$3ş1&70<&<()
X$K01&7447[$<1&50"ş4"3"0I"S

*Q:V&O$)1/I$&T$B$3&913$01&hS&k$O5ş%&a370(2
JG0U(.7/7/&F132&<G<(/07&J(O7&`"<$š7/
T3/j$>č(>7ć%&İ>$/&^U0(ş$%&Hi$<&a3(/.7&>(
E5./$&a3(/.7&7I$3(.7/I(<7&J7307<0(3I(/&50"ş$/
+,S,,,&<7ş707<&J73&X$K01&53I"."&<"3"0"2
T$B$37.4$/&93$01&k$O5ş&<5#"4$.1/I$&HI73/(
;)(37/(&O;3;#(O(&J$ş0$I1S

'3$<O$LI$<7&-.#$/01&J7307<0(37&k$0$&Ş$87/&a$ş$
7I$3(.7/I(&50"2&*+S,,,L7&U(K#7O53I"S&-.#$/01
8;<;#I$31&50$/&T"3$I&E(O&9$3$J7U$&<$0(.7/7
(00(37/I(&J"0I"3$/%&<(/I70(37/7&M/$I50"LO$
U(4734(/&E7)$/.010$3$&7.O$/&(4#7ş&9$4$0$/&a$3$01
M.<(3&E7307ğ7&<$01/410$31&70(&"ğ3$ş#$<4$OI1S
T"3$I&E(O&k$0$&Ş$87/&a$ş$LO$&X$K01
53I"."/"/&70(30(O7ş7/7&O$>$ş0$4#$&(#37
>(3#7ş47S&k$0$&Ş$87/&a$ş$&7.(&X$B1&İ0J(O7
(#37/(&*,S,,,&<7ş707<&$<1/B1&J7307ğ7&>(372&X$K01
53I"."/"/&T(37K&h3#$ğ1L/7&U(K7ş7/7
I"3I"3#$<0$&UG3(>0(/I73#7ş47S

]$<$4&X$K01&53I"."&T(37K&l(837/7&İ.07#O(LI(
U(K#7ş&>(&HI73/(LO(&7<7&U;/0;<&3$8$4&O;3;O;ş0(
U7I70(J70(B(<&#(.$[(I(&50$/&J73&#(><7I(&T(37K
h3#$ğ1&<1O1.1/I$&<$#2$&U73#7ş&>(&HI73/(
8(#(/&(00(37/(&U(K(B(ğ7/7&"#$3$<&3$8$40$31/$
J$<#$O$&I;ş#;ş0(3I7S&+:&HO0;0&*Q:V&U(B(.7
X$B1&İ0J(O7&<5#"4$.1/I$<7&I$8$&K5<&8$m[
.;>$37%&$<1/B1%&ş(<07/I(&50$/&-.#$/01
<">>(40(37&U(B(&<$3$/01ğ1/I$/&O$3$30$/$3$<
T(37K&h3#$ğ1L/1&K(>3(0(O(/&J$4$<01<0$31&$ş$3$<
X$K01&<$#21/$&.$0I13I1S&E"&U(B(&.$0I131ş1/1
J(<0(#(O(/&K5ğ"&"O<"I$&>(O$&$<ş$#<7
(ğ0(/B(0(37&I50$O1.1O0$&7K<707&50$/&X$K01&7447[$<1
$.<(30(37/7/&K5ğ"&U(0I7<0(37&O50$&I5ğ3"&<$K12
K(<70#(O(&K$01ş410$3S&]$<$4&J"&U(37&K(<70#(&J73
2$/7ğ(&IG/;ş4;S&E73K5ğ"&.(0&."0$31&70(&O;<0;
U(/7ş&>(&I(37/&T(37K&h3#$ğ1L/1&O;)(3(<&<$3ş1
4$3$[$&U(K#(<&7.4(3<(/&J5ğ"0I"S&E7/0(3B(
J5ğ"0$/&X$K01&$.<(30(37&$3$.1/I$&X$K01&53I"."
<5#"4$/0$31/I$/&a370(2&8;<;#I$31
`$0<$ş7/LI(&J"0"/"O53I"S

F132&F1/I1ğ1&F$>$ş1L/1/&<$)$/10#$.1O0$%&HI73/(
>(&E$41&'3$<O$%&-.#$/01&7K7/&I$8$&U;>(/07&8$0(
U(0I7S&T(37K&h3#$ğ1%&-.#$/01&<5/4350;/(&U(K47S
E$0<$/0$3I$<7&T$B$3&;.4;/0;ğ;&<1310I1S
E"0U$37.4$/&>(3U7O(&J$ğ0$/I1S&-.#$/01&70<&<()
X$K01&53I"."/"&O(/I7S&E$0<$/0$3$&U(K7ş
<50$O0$ş41S

*Q::&C(07J50"L/"/&-.#$/010$31/&(07/I(/&K1<1ş1
*Qe*&g73#(/&F$>$ş1

g73#(/&F$>$ş1

+:&HO0;0&*Qe*&g73#(/&F$>$ş1%&*Q:V&O101/I$
O$210#1ş&50$/&F132.1/I1ğ1&F$>$ş1L/1/&7/47<$#1/1
$0#$<&7.4(O(/&F1320$3&70(&-.#$/010$3&$3$.1/I$
O$210#1ş413S&g73#(/&#(><77/I(&O$210$/&.$>$ş%
-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/7/&)$[(37&70(&.5/"K0$/I1S&E"
)$[(3&70(&-.#$/010$3$&T$<(I5/O$L/1/&O500$31
$K10I1S&T$<(I5/O$LI$<7&F132&a3(/.0(37%&E"0U$3
93$01&>(&E7)$/.&İ#2$3$453"&-.#$/01
8$<7#7O(47/7&4$/1I10$3S&EGO0(B(&-.#$/01
=(>0(47L/7/&E$0<$/0$3LI$<7&[(4780(37&<50$O0$ş41S
-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/7/&E$0<$/0$3I$<7&70(30(O7ş7&81)
<$)$/#1ş&50I"

*Qe:&E"0U$3&93$001ğ1L/1/&-.#$/01&8$<7#7O(47/7
<$J"0;
*Qee&C(07J50"L/"/&-.#$/010$3L$&7$I(.7
*QRf_*QR:&l7ş&>(&F5[O$L/1/&-.#$/010$3
4$3$[1/I$/&$01/1ş1
*QRR&a05ş/7<&F$>$ş1&>(&E$0<$/&7447[$<1/1/
4(ş(<<;0;
*QR@&hS&95.5>$&F$>$ş1

hS95.5>$&F$>$ş1

hS&95.5>$&F$>$ş1&>(O$&E737/B7&95.5>$&T(OI$/
T"8$3(J(.7&N+R&X$)73$/&*QR@P&F"04$/&hS&T"3$4
G/I(307ğ7/I(<7&-.#$/01&53I"."&70(&F132
<"#$/I$/1&k$)$3&G/I(307ğ7/I(<7&J73&E$0<$/
53I"."&$3$.1/I$&O$210#1ş&J73&#"8$3(J(I73S

-.#$/010$3L1/&E$0<$/0$3LI$<7&70(30(#(0(37&>(
F5[O$%&l7ş%&T$/$.413&U7J7&G/(#07&O(30(37&(0(
U(K73#(0(37&X$K01&F([(37L/7/&I;)(/0(/#(.7/(
.(J(2&50#"ş4"S&`()73&g$/I$301&M07&a$ş$
<5#"4$.1/I$<7&-.#$/01&-3I"."%&G/B(
E"0U$30$31&(4<7.7)&8$0(&U(473I7S&-.#$/01&-3I"."
70(30(3<(/&95.5>$LI$&X$K010$3&70(&<$3ş10$ş41SX$K01
53I"."&F"04$/&T"3$4&X;I$>(/I7U$3L1/&5<K"
27O$I(0(37&70(&F132&$401&.;>$370(37&$3$.1/I$&<7
#"8$3(J(I(%&F132&G/B;&.;>$370(37/7/&G/B(
5<0$/$3$<&<(/I70(37/7/&O$&I$&$40$31/1/
>"3"0#$.1&70(&J$ş0$#1ş%&I$8$&.5/3$&-.#$/01
a7O$I(0(37/7/&<101K0$31/1&K(<(3(<&J5)"0$/
F1320$31&U;/&J$41#1/$&<$I$3&.;3(/&J73&#(OI$/
#"8$3(J(.7/I(/&.5/3$&JG0U(I(&4$378
.$O[$0$31/I$/&.70(3(<&O;)O100$3&.;3(B(<&50$/
-.#$/01&X$<7#7O(47/7&O(30(ş473#7ş473S&F$>$ş
J$)1&<$O/$<0$3B$&7II7$&(I70I7ğ7&U7J7&452
<"00$/10$3$<&<$)$/10#$#1ş413S&g;/<;&5
4$3780(3I(&-.#$/01&=(>0(47/I(&<"3"0#"ş&J73
452K"&5B$ğ1&J"0"/#"O53I"S

İ<7&4$3$[1/&I$&J;O;<&<$O12&>(3I7ğ7&J"
#"8$3(J(&.5/3$.1/I$&hS&T"3$4&WM00$8&J$/$&J73
I$8$&JGO0(&)$[(3&UG.4(3#(.7/Z&I(#7ş473S

F$>$ş&.5/"/I$&J73&F132&.5O0"."&F"04$/1/&(07/7
G2;2&T;.0;#$/&50#$<&7.4(I7ğ7/7&J(0734(3(<&hS
T"3$4L$&O$<0$ş#1ş&>(&5/"&$/7&J73&8$#0(O0(
8$/K(30(O(3(<&ş(874&(4#7ş473S&Ş(8$I(47/I(/
.5/3$&X;ID>(/I7U$3&0$<$J1/1/&>(370I7ğ7
."04$/1/&7K&53U$/0$31&53$I$&UG#;0#;ş%&U(37O(
<$0$/&/$$ş1&E"3.$LO$&UG4;3;0(3(<&53$I$
I([/(I70#7ş473S&E"/"/&I$&(4<7.7O0(&hS&95.5>$
F$>$ş1&4$3784(&F132&#7007O(4K707ğ7/7/&70<&O(ş(3I7ğ7
>(&J"U;/&F1320$31/&K5<&G/(#&>(3I7ğ7&J73
#"8$3(J(I73S

F"04$/&hSE$O()7I&NA10I131#P&N*QR@_*V,+P

*QR@&hS&T"3$4L1/&G0;#;%&A10I131#&E$O()7IL7/
4$84$&U(K7ş7
*Q@,&MOI1/_F$3"8$/_C(3#7O$/_T(/4(ş(
J(O07<0(37/7/&708$<1
*Q@,&9$3$#$/&F([(37%&95/O$L/1/&<"ş$410#$.1
*Q@,&C(07J50"&4(3.$/(.7L/7/&7/ş$.1
*Q@*&İ.4$/J"0L"/&<"ş$410#$.1
*Q@f&A10I131#L1/&M/$I50"&X7.$31L/1&O$2413#$.1

İ.4$/J"0&9"ş$4#$.1

A10I131#&E$O()7I%&M/$I50"LI$<7&.([(30(30(
#(şU"0&50I"ğ"&.13$I$&E7)$/.010$3%&J"
I"3"#I$/&7.47[$I(&70(&J$)1&4(IJ730(3&$0#$O$
J$ş0$I10$3S&E"&#(O$/I$&E7)$/.&İ#2$3$453"
05$//7.%&$O$ğ1/I$<7&$ğ310$3$&>(&O$4$0$<&J73
8$0I(&J"0"/#$.1/$&3$ğ#(/%&İ.4$/J"0&."30$31
70(&<"0(0(37/7/&J$)1&O(30(37/7&4$#73&(4473#(O(
J$ş0$I1S&E"&I"3"#I$/&8$J(3I$3&50$/&A10I131#
E$O()7I%&J"&8$3(<(4(&K5<&.(34&J73&4(2<7
UG.4(3(3(<&4$#73&(447370(/&O(30(37/&I(38$0
O1<10#$.1/1&7.4(3S&İ#2$3$453%&A10I131#L1/&O$/1/I$
J"0"/$/&>(&4$841/&O(UD/(&>$37.7&50$/&T$/;(0L7
I;ş;/(3(<&4$#73&(I72&O$2413I1ğ1&O(30(37&4(<3$3
O1<41313S&M/B$<&İ#2$3$453%&."30$31/
O1<41310#$.1/I$/&<1.$&J73&#;II(4&.5/3$
G0;/B(%&-.#$/010$30$&J7307<4(&M/$I50"
.([(30(37/(&7ş473$<&(I(/&>(&E"3.$LI$&J"0"/$/
T$/"(0%&J73&O50"/"&J"0$3$<&E"3.$LI$/&<$K12
İ.4$/J"0L$&U(073&>(&J$J$.1/1/&O(37/(&4$84$
54"3"3S

nI(4&50I"ğ"&;)(3(%&J$J$.1/1/&#$4(#
U;/0(37/7&U(K73I7<4(/&.5/3$&E$O()7IL1/
<(/I7.7/(&>(&ş(83(&<$3.1&4$<1/I1ğ1&4$>31
I;ş;/#(O(&J$.0$3S&E$O()7I%&O(/7
7#2$3$453I$/&NhhS&T$/"(0P&>(3U7&$34131#1%
İ.4$/J"0LI$&J73&T;.0;#$/&#$8$00(.7/7/
<"3"0#$.1&>(&J73&B$#7&7/ş$.1&70(&J73&<$I1&4$O7/
(4#(.7/7&7.4(3S&E7)$/.&4$378K7.7&="<$.&J"
<5/"O"&."&7[$I(0(30(&I70(&U(47373?

WE$O()7I%&İ#2$3$453&T$/;(0L(&(0K70(3
UG/I(3(3(<%&İ.4$/J"0&7K(37.7/I(&';3<0(37/
W<$I1Z&4$J73&(447<0(37&J73&8D<7#7/&I(>$#01&50$3$<
J"0"/#$.1/1&$3)"&(447ğ7/7&J70I73I7S&E"&<$I1%
İ.4$/J"0LI$&47B$3(40(&7ş47U$0&(I(/&>(O$&5
#$<.$40$&53$O$&U7I(B(<&50$/&T;.0;#$/0$3
$3$.1/I$&#(OI$/$&K1<$B$<&50$/&#"$#(0$4&>(
78470$i$31&#"8$<(#(&>(&8D00$&[$$0&(I(B(<47S
E$O()7I%&T;.0;#$/0$31/&UD>"3&#$8<(#(.7/I(
#"8$<(#(&50"/#$0$31/1/&B$7)&50#$I1ğ1/1%
T;.0;#$/%&<(/I7&8D<7#7/7/&#"8$<(#(
(4#(.7&7B$J$&(447ğ7/7%&7[473$0$3&>(&8$<.1)01<0$31%
I$8$&J73K5<&ş(O0(30(&J(3$J(3&J70I73#7ş%
/78$O(4&."/"&I$&70$>(&(4#7ş47?&WF$/$&(#(
(447<0(37#7&O$2#$<&>(&4$0(20(37#7&O(37/(
U(473#(<&7.4(#().(/%&<$210$31&<$2$&>(&ş(837/
7K7/I(&8;<;#I$301ğ1/1&O$2S&X$37K4(&J"0"/$/
8(3&O(3&>(&8(3&ş(O&<D#70(/&J(/7#&50$B$<413SZ
A10I131#L1/&J"&4$0(J7&3(II(I707/B(%&İ.4$/J"0L"
4(.07#&$0#$<&7K7/&")$<4$/&#"8$.$3$O$
J$ş0$I1S&*Q@*&.(/(.7/I(&J$ş0$O$/&J"&4$)O7<
.5/"B"/I$&E$O()7I%&İ.4$/J"0&."30$31/$&<$I$3
50$/&J;4;/&E7)$/.&<GO0(37/7&#"8$.$3$O$
J$ş0$I1S&E"&<"ş$4#$&.5/"/I$&T$/"(0%
İ.4$/J"0LI$&J73<$K&O;)&(>&70(&B$#7&>(
#$8<(#(.7&50$/&J73&T;.0;#$/&#$8$00(.7/7/
<"3"0#$.1/1&>(&X$07KL7/&<")(O&4$3$[1/I$&J73
';3<&U$3/7)5/"/"/&J"0"/#$.1/1&<$J"0&(447S
MO31B$&8(3&.(/(&-.#$/010$3$&>(3#(<4(&50I"ğ"
>(3U7O7&I(&$3413I1S

*Q@:&l7ğJ50"&F$>$ş1

l7ğJ50"&F$>$ş1

l7ğJ50"&F$>$ş1&l7ğJ50"&G/;/I(&-.#$/01&>(
X$K01&53I"0$31&$3$.1/I$%&+f&HO0;0&*Q@:
4$3787/I(&O$210$/&#(OI$/&.$>$ş1S&l7ğJ50"
G/;/I(&-.#$/01&>(&-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/7/
M>3"2$&<14L$.1/I$<7&[(4780(37%&J$ş4$&a$2$&50#$<
;)(3(&J;4;/&X137.47O$/&I(>0(40(37/7
4(0$ş0$/I131O53I"S&-.#$/01&=(>0(47%
E"0U$37.4$/&>(&F13J7.4$/L1&[(48(I(3(<%&'"/$
J5O0$31/$&>(&T$B$3&93$001ğ1&8"I"40$31/$
I$O$/#1ş41S

-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/7/%&M>3"2$&<14$.1/I$<7
[(4780(37%&J$ş4$&a$2$&50#$<&;)(3(&J;4;/
X137.47O$/&I(>0(40(37/7&4(0$ş0$/I131O53I"S
-.#$/01&=(>0(47%&E"0U$37.4$/&>(&F13J7.4$/L1
[(48(I(3(<%&'"/$&J5O0$31/$&>(&T$B$3&93$001ğ1
8"I"40$31/$&I$O$/#1ş41S&=5ğ"&X137.47O$/01ğ1/1/
4(#.70B7.7&E7)$/.&9$O.(307ğ7&<;K;04;0;2%
İ.4$/J"0&>(&K(>3(.7&."30$31/&7K7/(&.1<1ş41310$3$<%
M/$I50"&>(&'3$<O$LI$/&<"ş$410#1ş&>$)7O(44(OI7S
-.#$/01&$<1/B10$31/1/%&E5./$&>(&M3/$>"40"<L$
O$241<0$31&$<1/0$30$&[(48(I70(/&JG0U(0(3(
O(30(ş#(0(37%&E5O$/$&l(837&>(&=3$B&k7#$/1/$
I5ğ3"&O$O10#$0$31%&k$47/0(37&>(&J"3$0$3I$&/;[")
.$87J7&`(/(I7<070(37&I(&4(0$ş0$/I13I1S&E"/I$/
J$ş<$%&HU(&I(/7)7&.$8707/I(<7&J(O07<0(37&(0I(
(447<4(/&.5/3$%&J"&J(O07<0(3(&#(/."2&<53.$/
U(#70(37/7/&[$$07O(40(37&I(&J"&4(0$ş0$31/1
$34131O53I"S&M/B$<%&$.10&4(807<(O7&87..(I(/%
T$B$30$3I1S&93$00$31&F7U7.#"/I&70(&E7)$/.
9$O.(37&İ<7/B7&T$/"(0L7/%&M>3"2$LI$/&O$3I1#
7.4(O(3(<&a$2$&=5<")"/B"&E5/7[$B7".L"&J73
X$K01&.([(37/(&I$>(4&(4#(0(37%&4$840$31/1
4(807<(I(&UG3(/&<3$00$31%&ş$45%&#D07<D/(&.$87J7
I(3(J(O0(37%&X137.47O$/&<(ş7ş%&2$2$)&>(&İ.0D#
870D07/7/&X$K01&.$0\J7/7&()(B(ğ7&<"ş<"."/$
<$210$/0$31&8$3(<(4(&U(K73I7S

E;4;/&M>3"2$&#700(40(37&.70$8$&.$310I1&>(
İ/U704(3(&70(&]3$/.$&$3$.1/I$<7&8$3J(&.5/
>(370I7S&]3$/.$%&İ/U704(3(%&İ.<5KO$%&M0#$/O$%
a505/O$%&E58(#O$%&M>".4"3O$%&T$B$37.4$/%
İ4$0O$%&İ.>7K3(%&E(0K7<$&>(&I7ğ(3&M>3"2$
#(#0(<(40(37/I(/&>(&`(/(I7<070(30(&b5I5.
şG>$0O(0(37/I(/&#(OI$/$&U(0(/&*+,S,,,&<7ş707<
J;O;<&J73&(80_7&.$0\J&NX$K01P&53I"."&4520$/I1S

X$3(<(4(&U(K(/&X$K010$3%&T$B$37.4$/LI$/
747J$3(/&7<7&<50$&$O310I1S&T$B$3&<3$01
F7U7.#"/IL"/&7I$3(.7/I(<7&$.10&J;O;<&<50%
G/B(&F13J7.4$/&7.47<$#(47/I(&O;3;O(3(<&'"/$
`$I7.7/(&"0$ş41&>(&/(837/&.50&.$8707/7&4$<72
(I(3(<&-.#$/01&4523$ğ1/$&U73I7S&F5/3$&'"/$LO1
U(K(3(<&`7I7/%&-3.$>$&>(&b$85>$&ş(8730(37/7
)$24(I(3(<%&J"3$0$3I$<7&';3<0(37&<101K4$/
U(K73I70(3S&F5/3$&I$&l7ğJ50"&G/;/(&U(0I70(3S

l(>(3.&<5/4"&o$/L1/&7I$3(.7/I(<7&]3$/.1)0$3%
E"I7/LI(/&.5/3$&H3I(0&;)(37/I(/&Hi$<L$
U(K(3(<%&Hi$<&>5O>5I$.1&70(&J7307<4(&l7ğJ50"LI$
I7ğ(3&<">>(40(30(&J730(ş47S&X$K010$3&70(30(3<(/%
9$4507<07<&4$$.."J"O0$%&E$0<$/0$31/&-345I5<.
X137.47O$/0$31/1&I$&G0I;3;2&#$00$31/1&O$ğ#$
(4470(3S&-.#$/010$31/&#;.$#$8$01&7I$3(.7/(
J$ğ0$/$/&E$0<$/0$31/&O(307&X137.47O$/&$8$07.7Y
B$/%&#$0%&13)&4(B$>;);/(&"ğ3$O$3$<%&K5<&)$3$3
UG3I;S&l7ğJ50"LO$&U(0(/&X$K010$3%&-.#$/01
<"#$/I$/0$31/I$/&=5ğ$/&E(O7/
#"8$[1)01ğ1/I$<7&l7ğJ50"&9$0(.7/7%&<$3$I$/&>(
/(873I(/&<"ş$4410$3S&l7ğJ50"&9"ş$4#$.1/1/&5/
$041/B1&U;/;/(&<$I$3%&F"04$/&E$O()7I&X$/
NA10I131#P&>(&-.#$/01&53I"."/"/
UG3;/#(#(.7%&X$K010$31&;#740(/I73I7S&T$B$3
93$01&F7U7.#"/I%&J"3$I$&;/0;&şG>$0O(0(3%
23(/.0(3&>(&.(K#(&$.<(30(37/(&>(3I7ğ7&)$[(3
)7O$[(47/I(%&F"37O(L/7/&7şU$07O0(&J7307<4(
9"I;.L;/&$01/#$.1/I$/&J$8.(I7O53I"S

p4(&O$/I$/&M>3"2$LI$<7&X$K01&8$)1301<0$31/1
Gğ3(/72%&53I"0$31/1/%&-.#$/01&8"I"I"/"
U(K47<0(37/7&8$J(3&$0$/&F"04$/&E$O()7I&X$/&7.(%
İ.4$/J"0&<"ş$4#$.1/1&4(873&(I(3(<%&<">>(40(37/7
HI73/(LI(&4520$I1S&9$3$&'7#"34$ş&a$ş$&70(
ş(8)$I(0(37/7/&<"#$/I$.1/I$<7&M/$I50"
$.<(30(37&.;3$40(&4520$/$3$<&E5ğ$)0$3I$/
U(K72%&HI73/(LI(&a$I7ş$8$&O(47ş470(3S&b"#(07
$.<(30(37&I(&HI73/(LI(&E$O()7I&X$/$
<$410#1ş0$3I1S&A10I131#&E$O()7I&X$/%&$I1/$
O$<1ş$/&J73&.;3$40(&'"/$&J5O0$31/$&I5ğ3"
O;3;I;S&-.#$/01&53I"."%&]707J(_Ş12<$&C(K7I7
O50"O0$&l7ğJ50"LO$&70(30(3<(/%&'13/5>$LI$&U1I$
#$II(0(37&4(I$37<&(I(/&X$K010$30$&<$3ş10$ş41S
E"/0$3&(.73&$01/I1S&9$K$/0$3%&-.#$/01
53I"."/"/&.;3$40(&U(0I7ğ7&8$J(37/7
"0$ş413I10$3S&E"&J(<0(/#(O(/&J73&I"3"#I"S
T$3(ş$0&E"J7<5%&E$O()7I&X$/1/%&'13/5>$LO$
U(0(J70(B(ğ7/(&J73&4;30;&7847#$0&>(3(#7O53I"S
';3<0(37/&8$32&<$J707O(40(37/7&7O7&J70(/&93$0
F7U7.#"/I%&8$J(37/&I5ğ3"0"ğ"/"&4(4<7<&7K7/%
70(37O(&<(ş7[&<">>(40(37&UG/I(3I7S&E$O()7I
X$/1/&C$)7&H>3(/5.&<"#$/I$.1/I$<7&G/B;0(37%
F7U7.#"/IL"/&<(ş7[&<500$31/1&4(.73.7)&8D0(
U(473I70(3S&-.#$/01&53I"."%&l7ğJ50"L/"/&5/
<705#(43(&<$I$3&U;/(O7/(&.5<"0I"S&!(28(.7/7
<")(O(&>(3(3(<&53I"UD8&<"3I"S

l7ğJ50"LO$&O$<0$ş$/&-.#$/01&53I"."%&<(ş7[
<500$31O0$&5>$O$&O$O10#$O$&J$ş0$#1ş41S
E73I(/J73(&-.#$/01&53I"."/"&<$3ş10$31/I$
UG3(/&X$K010$3&.70D8J$ş1&(4470(3S&93$0
F7U7.#"/I%&I(38$0&J73&8$32&I\>D/1&4520$O12
#"8$3(J(&/7)$#1/1&4(.274&(447S&+f&HO0;0&*Q@:
.$J$81%&M>3"2$L/1/&IG34&<Gş(.7/I(/&4520$/#1ş
*+,&,,,&<7ş707<&X$K01&53I"."&70(&J"/"/&O$31.1
#7<4$31/I$<7&-.#$/01&53I"."&<$3ş1&<$3ş1O$
U(0I7<0(37&)$#$/%&-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&8$32
/7)$#1&şGO0(OI7?

E737/B7&8$44$&F$3"B$&a$ş$&<"#$/I$.1/I$&8$m[
27O$I(0(37&4(ş<70&(I(/&$)$2&$.<(30(37%&.50I$
ş(8)DI(&F;0(O#$/&g(0(J7&<"#$/I$.1/I$
b"#(07&$.<(37%&.$ğI$&Ş(8)DI(&T".4$[$&g(0(J7
>(&M/$I50"&J(O0(3J(O7&9$3$&'7#"34$ş&a$ş$
<"#$/I$.1/I$&M/$I50"&$.<(37%&534$I$
O(/7K(370(3&>$3I1S&'7#$301&.72$870(3&.$ğ&>(&.50
O$/0$3$&O(30(ş47370#7ş47S&F$I3$)$#&M07&a$ş$%
b"#(07&J(O0(3J(O7&]73")&E(O%&T$0<5K&E(O%&.50
<$/$44$<7&<">>(40(37/&$3$.1/I$&J"0"/"O53I"S
p/&8$40$3$&27O$I(0(37&<5O"2%&<(.7/&.5/"B"%&$401
$.<(3(&J13$<$/&-.#$/01&8$32&/7)$#1/$
#"<$J70%&/(47B(O7&O$O$&$.<(3(&O;<0(O(/&X$K01
53I"."&7.(%&G/I(&J737/B7&8$44$&$401&şG>$0O(0(3%
7<7/B7&8$44$&T$B$3&<3$01%&.$ğ&O$/I$&F4([$/
k$.<5>7K&<"#$/I$.1/I$&X13>$40$3%&.50I$
`5O>5I$&T73K$&<"#$/I$.1/I$&^0$80$3&50#$<
;)(3(&4(347J$4&$0#1ş41S&MO31B$&U(37.7/7&'"/$
l(837/(&>(&<"ş$4#$<4$&50I"ğ"&l7ğJ50"
ş(837/(&I$O$#1ş41S

İ<7&53I"%&J"&8$32&I;)(/7/I(&<$3ş10$ş410$3S
]3$/.1)&.;>$370(37%&#")$q(3&50#$<&87..7O0(&70<
G/B(&4$$33")&(4470(3S&E"&4$$33")%&F"04$/
E$O()7I&X$/1/&<"#$/I$&(447ğ7&#(3<()
<">>(40(37/(&O$210I1S&T(3<()&<">>(40(37/7/
G/;/I(<7&8$m[&O$O$&$.<(37&50$/&$)$20$31
U(K470(3S&A(/7K(37&$.<(37O0(&<$3ş10$ş410$3S
A(/7K(370(37/&5<&O$ğ#"3"/$&4"44"ğ"&]3$/.1)
.;>$370(37/7/&J;O;<&J73&<1.#1&7#8$&(I70I7S&F50
<50I$/&Ş(8)DI(&T".4$[$&>(&M/$I50"
<">>(40(37/7/&O$/I$/&4$$33")"/$&"ğ3$I10$3.$
I$%&20$/&U(3(ğ7/B(%&-.#$/01&#(3<()
<">>(40(37%&J73&#7<4$3&U(37&$01/I1S&-.#$/01
53I"."/"/&U(37&K(<707ş7%&]3$/.1)0$31/&<$OJ1/1
I$8$&I$&$3441312%&<"3"0$/&<1.<$B1/&7K7/(&U73I70(3S
-.#$/01&8$32&4$<47ğ7/7&J70(/&F7U7.#"/IL"/
4$>.7O(0(37/7&I7/0(#(O72%&I$8$&I$&70(30(I70(3S
a0$/&U(3(ğ7/B(%&;K;/B;&#"8$3(J(&8$441&I$&7<7
<50$&$O310I1S&]3$/.1)0$3%&-.#$/010$31/&K(<70I7ğ7
4(2(O7&7şU$0&(I7/B(%&)$[(3&<$)$/I1<0$31/1
)$//(447<0(37&$/I$%&F"04$/&E$O()7I&X$/1/
)$//(447<0(37&$/I$%&F"04$/&E$O()7I&X$/1/
<"#$/I$.1/I$&50$/&2"."I$<7&<">>(40(30(
<$3ş10$ş1/B$&ş$ş13I10$3S&d$[(3&.$385ş0"ğ"&70(
O$O$&50$/0$3&$40$31/$&4(<3$3&J7/#(<&7.4(I70(3.(
I(%&870D07/&<1.<$B1&<$2$/I1ğ1/I$/&U(37
IG/(#(I70(3S&T$B$3&93$01&F7U7.#"/IL"/%
#;44(m<7&]3$/.1)0$31&<"34$3#$<&7K7/&UG/I(3I7ğ7
<">>(40(3&I(&<$O12&>(3(3(<&U(37&K(<70#(<
#(BJ"37O(47/I(&<$0I1S&91.<$B1/&7K7/I(<7&X$K01
<">>(40(37/7/&<$3ş1&<5O$/0$31&7#8$&(I7072%
<$0$/0$3&(.73&$01/I1S&rK&.$$4&7K7/I(&J;4;/;O0(
2(37ş$/&(I70(/&X$K010$31/%&(/&UG)I(&J7307<0(37/(
.$872&]3$/.1)0$31/&#$ğ0sJ7O(47%&I7ğ(30(37/7/
4$$33")"/$&7#<D/&>(3#(I7S&Hi$<&23(/.7&T73K$%
#"8$3(J(&/(47B(.7/7/&X$K010$3&7K7/&8;.3$/
50$B$ğ1/1&4$8#7/&(I(3(<%&#(#0(<(47/(&K(<70I7S
9$3ş1&4$$33")$&U(K(/&-.#$/01&53I"."%&.;3$40(
F7U7.#"/IL"/&;)(37/(&8;B"#&(447S&İ847O$4
<">>(40(37/7&J70(&#"8$3(J(O(&.5<$/&T$B$3
<3$01%&-.#$/010$3&<$3ş1.1/I$&87KJ73&J$ş$31
.$ğ0$O$#1O53I"S&F"04$/&E$O()7I&X$/%&<(.7/
/(47B(O7&$0#$<&7K7/&-.#$/01&<">>(40(37/7/
8(2.7/(&4$$33")&(#37&>(3I7S&X$K010$3%&2$/7ğ(
<$21012&I$ğ10I10$3S&9$0$J$01<&X$K01&53I"."&70(
l7ğJ50"LO$&U(0#(<4(&7<(/%&53I"."/"/
#"$))$#&.$O1.1/$&J$<$3$<Y&WCG<&KG<(B(<&50.$
#1)3$<0$31#1)0$&4"4$31)Z&I7O(3(<&JGJ;30(/(/&>(
-.#$/01O$&$412&4"4$/&F7U7.#"/I%&`(/(I7<
<$I13U$.1/$&J7/(3(<&İ.4$/J"0&E5ğ$)1_T$3#$3$
>(&HU(&=(/7)7&O50"O0$&T53$LI$<7&T5I5/
k7#$/1/$%&.5/3$&I$&=$0#$KO$LI$&<$3$O$&$O$<
J$.41S&-3$I$/&#(#0(<(47/(&U(K47S&X$K010$3I$/%
#"8$3(J(O(&<$410#$O$/0$3&>(&<$K$/0$3%
<(/I70(37/7&'"/$&l(837/(&$412&J5ğ"0I"0$3S
T"8$3(J(I(&2(<&K5<&$.70)DI(&<"#$/I$/&>(
şG>$0O(&(.73&$01/I1S

E$ş4$&a$2$01<&>(&E7)$/.&50#$<&;)(3(%&J;4;/
X137.47O$/&D0(#7/7/%&-.#$/010$31&M>3"2$
<14$.1/I$/&$4#$<&7K7/%&50$/B$&7#<D/0$31/1
.([(3J(3&(I(3(<&8$)130$I1<0$31&J;O;<&X$K01
53I"."%&F"04$/&E$O()7I&X$/1/&<$3ş1.1/I$
#"<$>(#(4&J70(&(I(#(#7ş47S&+f&HO0;0&*Q@:
4$3787/I(&l7ğJ50"LI$&<$)$/10$/&)$[(30(%
-.#$/01&87#$O(.7/I(<7&`7I7/_E"0U$3&93$001ğ1/$
.5/&>(370I7S&T$B$37.4$/L$&J;O;<&J73&$<1/
O$210$3$<&K5<&#7<4$3I$&(.73&$01/I1S&X$K010$3I$/
$01/$/&2(<&K5<&U$/7#(40(%&;0<(I(&7#$3
[$$07O(40(37%&.5.O$0&O$3I1#&#;(..(.(0(37&>(
.$/$4&(.(30(37&O$210I1S&H.730(37&G/B(&HI73/(LO(%
53$I$/&C(07J50"LO$&UG/I(3(/%&.5/3$&I$
E"3.$LO$&U(07/B(&O$/1/$&U(4734(/&F"04$/
E$O()7I&X$/%&mIO(&<$3ş101ğ1&8(2.7/7&.(3J(.4
J13$<41S&H.730(3&$3$.1/I$&J"0"/$/&953<".")
o($/&>(&$3<$I$ş0$31%&WE"&$/I$/&747J$3(/
A10I131#&E$O()7IL(&<$3ş1&U(0#(O(B(ğ7#7)(&>(
5/$&<$3ş1&.70D8&<"00$/#$O$B$ğ1#1)$&/$#".&>(
ş(3(m#7)&;)(37/(&O(#7/&(I(37)Z&I(O7/B(%
E$O()7I&X$/Y&WE$/$&<$3ş1&.70D8
<"00$/#$O$B$ğ1/1)$&I$73&(447ğ7/7)&O(#7/0(37
.7)(&7$I(&(I7O53"#S&C7I7/7)%&O(/7I(/&53I"0$3
4520$O1/1)&>(&J7)7#&;)(37#7)(&U(07/7)S&E$/$&J73
<(3(&I$8$&)$[(3&<$)$/#$<&7#<D/1&.$ğ0$#1ş
50"3."/")S&d\3D&J(/%&M00$8;&4(D0D/1/&I7/7/7
O$O#$<&>(&-L/"/&31)D.1/$&<$>"ş#$<&7K7/
I;/ODO$&U(0#7ş7#Z&I(I7S

l7ğJ50"&d$[(37%&UG/I(370(/&[(478/D#(0(30(%
;0<(/7/&8(3&4$3$[1/$%&M.O$LI$<7&8;<;#I$30$3$%
T1.13&."04$/0$31/$%&h3$<&>(&MB(#&J(O0(37/(%
'$4$3&8$/1/$%&E"3.$&<$I1.1/$&#;jI(0(/I7S
T1.13LI$&J"0"/$/&MJJ$.\&8$07[(.7%&<(/I7.7/(
UG/I(370(/&)$[(3/D#(O(&>(3I7ğ7&B(>$24$%
E$O()7I&X$/$Y&WF"04$/_1&İ<07#_7&bs#Z&"/>$/1&70(
874$2&(447S&-&U;/I(/&747J$3(/%&-.#$/01
8;<;#I$30$31/$&."04$/&I(/70#(.7&DI(4&50I"S

*Q@e_*Q@R&9$3$#$/&E(O0(3J(O07ğ7L/7/&-.#$/01
8$<7#7O(47/7&<$J"0;
*Q@R&9$I1&E"38$/(II7/L7/&G0;#;
*Q@R&9$3$I(/7)&J(O07<0(37/7/&708$<1
*V,,&E"3.$LI$&hS&E$O()7I&4$3$[1/I$/&^0"
!$#7L/7/&O$241310#$.1Y&İ0<&-.#$/01&=$3;Lş_
ş7[$L.1/1/&A10I131#&E$O()7I&4$3$[1/I$/&7/ş$
(I70#(.7

E"3.$&^0"&!$#7

*V,+&M/<$3$&F$>$ş1&>(&A10I131#&E$O()7IL7/
(.$3(47

M/<$3$&F$>$ş1

M/<$3$&F$>$ş1%&-.#$/01&a$I7ş$81&A10I131#
E$O()7I&70(&'7#"3&$3$.1/I$%&M/<$3$L/1/&g"J"<
->$.1L/I$&O$210$/&.$>$şS&C(K&534$K$ğ&4$3787/7/
(/&<$/01&#(OI$/&.$>$ş0$31/I$/&J737&50$/&>(
-.#$/010$31/&O(/70U7.7O0(&.5/"K0$/$/&M/<$3$
F$>$ş1%&-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/7/&2$3K$0$/#$.1/$&>(
](43(4&=(>37&N*V,+_*V*QP&50$3$<&J707/(/&J73
7<47I$3&J5ş0"ğ"&IG/(#7/7/&O$ş$/#$.1/$&O50
$K41S

-.#$/&C$)7&>(&-38$/&C$)7&70(&hS&T"3$IL1/&7/ş$
(447<0(37&I(>0(4%&I$8$&K5<&E$0<$/0$3LI$
U(/7ş0(I7ğ7&U7J7%&8(/;)&U(>ş(<&>$.$001<
J$ğ0$31/$&I$O$/1O53I"S&E"&IG/(#I(
-.#$/010$3&G)(007<0(&M/$I50"LI$&81)01&>(&<(.7/
708$<0$3$&U737ş#7ş0(3I7Y&$3$I$<7&K$41ş#$0$3$
<$3ş1/%&';3<_İ.0$#&J(O07<0(37O0(&I$8$&O"#"ş$<
J73&707ş<7O7&UG)(47O530$3I1S&A10I131#&E$O()7I&7.(%
İ.4$/J"0&<"ş$4#$.1/1&.;3I;3;3<(/%&J73&O$/I$/
I$&M/$I50"&J7307ğ7/7&.$ğ0$#$<&$#$B1O0$&K(ş7407
.$>$ş0$3$&U737ş47S&9$3$#$/010$3$&<$3ş1&<$)$/10$/
M<K$O&T"8$3(J(.7&.5/"B"&<$)$/10$/&)$[(30(
N*Q@RP&95/O$%&l7ğI(%&9$3$#$/&>(&=(>(07
-.#$/010$31/&(07/(&U(K47Y&F7>$.&8;<;#I$31&9$I1
E"38$/(II7/L7/&G0I;3;0#(.7O0(&F7>$.%&'5<$4%
9$O.(37&>(&M<.$3$O&-.#$/01&(U(#(/07ğ7/(
U73I7&N*Q@@PS&MO/1&O10&T(#0"<&."04$/1&E(3<"<L"/
G0;#;/I(/&>(&O(37/(&K5B"<&O$ş4$<7
l$.13(II7/&](3(BL7/&U(K#(.7/I(/&O$3$30$/$/&hS
E$O()7I%&T$0$4O$LO1&T(#0"<0(3I(/&$0I1S
="0<$I735ğ"00$31/1/&(07/I(&J"0"/$/&9$84$%
=7>37ğ7%&E(./7&>(&=$3(/I(&<$0(0(37&I(
-.#$/010$3$&U(K47S&-.#$/01&.1/130$31&JGO0(B(
-34$&]13$4L$&I$O$/#1ş&50"O53I"S&E;4;/&J"
[(4780(3I(/&.5/3$&hS&E$O()7I%&O(/70U7O(&"ğ3$O$/
O(3(0&8$/(I$/0$31&4$.mO(O(&OG/(0(3(<%&.1<1&J73
#(3<()7&O$21&<"3#$O$&U737ş47S&E"&$#$K0$
E$0<$/0$3L1/&X137.47O$/&23(/.07<0(37/(&>(
$37.45<3$.7.7/(&O$.0$/#$.1&7.(%&';3<&J(O0(37/7/
>(&İ.0$#&"0(#$.1/1/&<(/I7.7/(&I"OI"ğ"
4(2<7O7&$34131B1&J73&350&5O/$I1S

';3<7.4$/&>(&İ3$/LI$&U;K0;&J73&I(>0(4&<"3$/
'7#"3%&<(/I7/7&İ08$/010$31/&>$37.7&.$O$3$<
M/$I50"&;)(37/I(&8$<&70(37&.;3#(<4(OI7S
E$O()7I&IG/(#7/I(&-.#$/010$31/&(3<(/&J73
$ş$#$I$&p/&M.O$LO$&I$O$/I13#$.1&'7#"3L"/
I7<<$47/7&K(<47S&'7#"3L"/&.$0I1310$31O0$
4523$<0$31/1&O7473(/&!(0$O73&."04$/1&M8#(I&70(
9$3$<5O"/0"&I(>0(47/7/&8;<;#I$31&9$3$&A"."[
-.#$/010$3$&.1ğ1/1/B$%&E$O()7I&70(&'7#"3
$3$.1/I$&#(<4"20$ş#$&J$ş0$I1S&E$O()7I%
'7#"3L"/%&9$3$&A"."[&70(&F"04$/&M8#(IL7/&U(37
>(370#(.7&O50"/I$<7&7.4(ğ7/7&<$J"0&(4#(I7S
-.#$/010$3$&UG)I$ğ1&>(3#(<&7.4(O(/&'7#"3%
E$O()7I&4$3$[1/I$/&4523$<0$31&(00(37/I(/
$01/$/&>(&'7#"3L"/&O$31_<$J70(.(0&I(>0(47/I(
<(/I70(37/(&I$8$&O$<1/&J73&.5.O$0&I;)(/&J"0$/
M/$I50"&J(O0(37/7/&I(&<1ş<134#$.1O0$&F7>$.%
X$0(2&>(&Ş$#L1&(0(&U(K73I7&S&'7#"3L"/&E$ğI$4L$
OG/(0#(.7&;)(37/(&E$O()7I%&tI(&I5ğ"O$
70(30(O(3(<&'7#"3L$&J$ğ01&T"4$88$34(/L7/
(U(#(/07ğ7/I(<7&H3)7/B$/&>(&9(#$8L1&7.470$
(447S&E"&U(07ş#(&7<7&8;<;#I$31/&$3$.1/1&7O7B(
$K41S&E$O()7IL(&J73&(0K7&UG/I(3(/&'7#"3%
9(#$8L1/&T"4$88$34(/L(&M/$I50"
E(O07<0(37/I(/&$01/$/&O(30(37/&I(&.$8720(37/(
U(37&>(370#(.7/7%&9$3$&A"."[L"/&4(.07#
(I70#(.7/7&>(&-.#$/010$31/&<(/I7.7/(
J$ğ0$/#$.1/1&7.4(I7S&E$O()7IL7/&'7#"3L"/
O(37/(&U(47370#(.7&)$4(/&7#<D/.1)&J"
7.4(<0(37/7/&87KJ737/7&<$J"0&(4#(#(.7&.$>$ş1/
U(3(<K(.7&50I"S

X(#&E$0<$/0$3LI$%&8(#&I(&M/$I50"LI$
O$O10#1ş&J"0"/$/&-.#$/010$31/&X$3(<$4
7/7.7O$47m/7&(0(&$0$/&'7#"3%&*V,+&J$ş0$31/I$
C;3B7.4$/LI$&O(/7I(/&J;O;<&J73&53I"&4520$I1Y
H3)7/B$/%&9(#$8&>(&F7>$.&;)(37/I(/&M/<$3$LO$
U(0(3(<&<(/47&<"ş$441S&M#$&E$O()7IL7/&'5<$4
;)(37/I(/&M/<$3$LO$&I5ğ3"&O$<0$ş41ğ1/1&8$J(3
$01/B$%&<"ş$4#$O1&<$0I13$3$<&g"J"<&->$.1/$
K(<70I7S&]700(30(&I(.4(<0(/(/&53I"."
E$O()7IL7/<7/I(/&I$8$&<$0$J$01<&>(&$.<(37
#$0)(#(&J$<1#1/I$/&I$8$&U;K0;OI;S&-/&IG34
.$$4&.;3(/&.$>$ş1/&J$ş0$31/I$&;.4;/&UG3;0(/
-.#$/01&53I"."&9$3$&'$4$30$30$&(.<7&M/$I50"
J(O07<0(37/(&J$ğ01&$.<(30(37/&'7#"3L"/&.$i$31/$
<$410#$.1O0$&U;K&I"3"#I$&<$0I1S&E73&4(<&F132
#;44(m<0(37&E$O()7IL7&.5/"/$&<$I$3&4(3<
(4#(I70(3S&T"8$3(J(%&'7#"3L"/&0(87/(
IG/I;ğ;&.13$I$%&hS&E$O()7IL7/&5ğ"00$31/I$/
F;0(O#$/&g(0(J7%&T(8#(I&g(0(J7&>(
F$I3$)$#&g$/I$301&M07&a$ş$&<"ş$4#$O1&O$3$3$<
<$K#$O1&J$ş$3I10$3S&rK&O;)&<7ş7&<$01/B$O$
<$I$3&K$321ş$/&hS&E$O()7I&7.(&.5/"/I$&4"4.$<
I;ş4;S

M/<$3$&F$>$ş1&O(/70U7.7%&-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/7/
2$3K$0$/$3$<%&I(>0(47/&7#2$3$4530"<
$ş$#$.1/$&U(K#(.7/7/&f,&O10&<$I$3
U(B7<#(.7/(%&M/$I50"&J(O07<0(37/7/&O(/7I(/
<"3"0#$.1/$&>(&-.#$/01&4$3787/I(&](43(4&=(>37
50$3$<&J707/(/&**&O1001<&J73&7<47I$3&J5ş0"ğ"
IG/(#7/7/&O$ş$/#$.1/$&/(I(/&50I"S

](43(4&=(>37&N*V,+_*V*QP

*V,@&F;0(O#$/&g(0(J7&4$3$[1/I$/&';3<
HI(J7O$41L/I$&70<&#(>07I&G3/(ğ7&50$/&`(.70(4;L/_
l(B$4&$I01&(.(37/&O$)101ş1

](43(4&=(>37%&E"/$01#&=(>37&>(O$&]$.10$_7
F$04$/$4%&-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/I(&A10I131#
E$O()7IL7/&*V,+LI(&M/<$3$&F$>$ş1L/I$%&'7#"3
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&<"3"B"."&50$/&'7#"3L$
O(/7072&(.73&I;ş#(.7&.5/"B"&534$O$&K1<$/&>(
A10I131#&E$O()7IL7/&5ğ"00$31&$3$.1/I$<7&4$84
<$>U$0$31&/(I(/7O0(&**&O10&.;3(/&<$3U$ş$
IG/(#7I73S

A10I131#&E$O()7IL7/&$041&5ğ0"&>$3I13S&E"/0$3Y
H#73&F;0(O#$/%&İ.$&g(0(J7%&T".$&g(0(J7%
T(8#(4&g(0(J7%&T".4$[$&g(0(J7&>(&9$.1#
g(0(J7LI73S

H/&J;O;<&50$/&>(&2$I7ş$8&50#$.1&J(<0(/(/
T".4$[$&g(0(J7%&M/<$3$&F$>$ş1L/I$&534$I$/
<$OJ50#"ş4"3S&M07&a$ş$%&H#73&F;0(O#$/L1
b"#(07LO(&<$K13I1S&T(8#(4&g(0(J7&I(
M#$.O$LO$&K(<70I7S&İ.$&g(0(J7&>(&T".$&g(0(J7
K$41ş$&K$41ş$&9$3(.7&OG3(.7/(&U74470(3%&.5/"/I$
T".$&g(0(J7%&İ.$&g(0(J7LO7&G0I;3I;S&-3$I$/
E"3.$LO$&U(K47S&H#73&F;0(O#$/L1/&E"3.$LO$
U(0#(.7&;)(37/(&9$3$#$/&AG3(.7/(&<$K41&>(
9$3$#$/5ğ"00$31L/$&.1ğ1/I1S&E"&$3$I$&H#73
F;0(O#$/%&50$J70(B(<&$/0$ş#$)01<0$3%
'3$<O$L/1/&(#/7O(47&>(&J5ğ$)0$3I$/&3$8$4
U(K7ş7&.$ğ0$#$<&$#$B1O0$&(3<(<&<$3I(ş7
9$.1#L1&>(&<1)&<$3I(ş7&]$41#$LO1&E7)$/.L$&3(87/
50$3$<&>(3I7S&X(#(/&$3I1/I$/
9$3$#$/5ğ"00$31&70(&J$31ş&$/0$ş#$.1&O$241S

T(8#(4&g(0(J7%&$ğ$J(O7&F;0(O#$/L$&4$J7
50I"ğ"/"&>(&X$/01ğ1/1&4$/1I1ğ1/1&K(ş7407
8(I7O(0(30(&J70I73I7S&E"&$/0$ş#$0$3&;)(37/(&B$/
U;>(/07ğ7&7O7B(&$)$0$/&T".$&g(0(J7%
9$3$#$/LI$/&I$&<$K$3$<%&İ.[(/I7O$3&E(OL7/
O$3I1#0$31O0$&Hi$<&93$01&T73K(LO(&.1ğ1/I1S&Hi$<
93$01%&'3$<O$LI$%&(U(#(/07<&.$ğ0$#$<&7K7/
T".$&g(0(J7LO(&K5<&.$O1I$&$.<(3&>(3I7S&T".$
g(0(J7&I(&O$/1/$&>(370(/&J"&$.<(30(30(&<(/I7/7
X$/&70$/&(I(J70#(<&;)(3(&HI73/(LO(&.$0I13I1S
H#73&F;0(O#$/&J(<0(#(I7ğ7&J"&.$0I131O$&<$3ş1
<5O$#$O$3$<&İ.4$/J"0&4$3$i$31/$&O$/1/I$&K5<
$)&.$O1I$&$I$#1O0$&$/B$<&<$K#$O1&J$ş$3I1S
^ğ3$I1<0$31&J73&<GOI(&4$/1/1/B$%&<GO0;0(3&.13[
T".$&g(0(J7LI(/&J$8ş7ş&$0$J70#(<&U$O(.7O0(
H#73&F;0(O#$/L1&<$40(4470(3S&';3<&U(0(/(ğ7/(
UG3(?&F$04$/$4&.5O"/I$/&<7#&50"3.$&50."/Y&J73
.$04$/$4&;O(.7%&I7ğ(3&J73&.$04$/$4&;O(.7/7&<(/I7
(#37&;)(37/(&G0I;34;3S&E$ş<$0$31/1/&50$O$
7)7/.7)&#;I$8$0(.7/(%&<7ş7&7.(&7I$#%&I(>0(4&7.(
.$>$ş0$&O5<&(4#(<&B()$.1/1&>(373&>(&7/47<$#1/1
#"40$<D&$013I1S&T".$&g(0(J7&I(&J"&O;)I(/%
<GO;&7K7/I(<70(30(&J(3$J(3&O5<&(447%&*V*,LI$
HI73/(LO(&IG/I;&>(&4$84$&U(K47S

E"&50$O0$31&Gğ3(/(/&T(8#(4&g(0(J7&I(
M#$.O$LI$/&E"3.$LO$&U(072&J"3$I$&4$84$
U(K47ğ7/7&70$/&(447S&H#73&F;0(O#$/L1
I(.4(<0(O(/0(37/&8(2.7&T(8#(4&g(0(J7LO7
5/$O0$I10$3&>(&4$J7&50I"0$3S&b"#(07LI(%
F$#$<5LI$&.5/&<()&<$3ş10$ş410$3&>(&g$#"30"
=(3J(/4&F$>$ş1L/I$&T(8#(4&g(0(J7%&<$3I(ş7/7
O(/72&K$I131/I$&G0I;344;S

T(8#(4&g(0(J7&NhS&T(8#(4P&4;#&<$3I(ş0(37/7/
7.O$/0$31/1&J$.413$3$<%&8;<;#I$3&50#"ş4"3S
](43(4&=G/(#7%&O(/7&<"3"0#"ş&50$/&-.#$/01
=(>0(47L/7/&m70(/&2$3K$0$/#$.1/$&.(J(2
50#"ş4"3S&E"&/(I(/0(&hS&T(8#(4&7K7/&W7<7/B7
<"3"B"Z&I$&I(/73S

MO31B$&](43(4&=(>37L/I(&J$0<$/0$3I$&4523$<
<$OJ1/1/&[$)0$&50#$#$.1/1/&/(I(/7&-.#$/01
=(>0(47L/7/&O(/7&$0I1ğ1&4523$<0$3I$&O$ş$O$/
7/.$/0$3$&<$3ş1&85şUG3;0;&J73&.7O$.(4&7)0(#7ş
50#$.1%&$I$0(407&>(3U7&4520$/#$.1%&I70&>(&I7/
G)U;30;ğ;&4$/1/#$.1%&<7ş70(37/&U;>(/07ğ7/7/
.$ğ0$/#$.1&>(&7.<$/&250747<$.1/1&J$ş$3101&J73
J7K7#I(&"OU"0$#1ş&50#$.1I13SMO31B$&M>3"2$LI$
O$ş$/$/&O;)O10&.$>$ş0$31&I$&-.#$/01
=(>0(47/7/&4523$<&<$OJ(4#(#(.7/I(&(4<707
50#"ş4"3S

F"04$/&hST(8#(I&Ng(0(J7P&N*V*Q_*V+*P

*V*Q&hS&T(8#(IL7/&I"3"#$&8$<7#&50"2&I(>0(47
O(/7I(/&<"3"ş"
*V*:&Ş(O8&E(I3(II7/&7.O$/1
*V*:&T$B$37.4$/&F([(37
*V*e&M>05/O$L/1/&-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/&$01/1ş1
*V*R_*V+,&F$#."/&JG0U(.7/7/&-.#$/010$3
4$3$[1/I$/&$01/1ş1
*V*@_*V+V&E"3.$LI$&X$B1&İ>$)L$&hS&T(8#(I
4$3$[1/I$/&A(ş70&!$#7L/7/&O$241310#$.1

F"04$/&hhST"3$I&N*V+*_*VVV&u&*VV:_*Vf*P

*V+*&g(0(J7&T(8#(IL7/&G0;#;&>(&hhS&T"3$IL1/
4$84$&U(K7ş7
*V++&T".4$[$&g(0(J7L/7/&N=;)#(P&J(34$3$[1
*V+f&T500$&](/$37L/1/&70<&Ş(O8;07.0$#&50$3$<
4$O7/7
*V+f&_*V+:&'(<(5ğ"00$31&E(O07ğ7L/7/
4523$<0$31/1/&-.#$/010$3$&U(K#(.7
*V+e_*V+R&C(3#7O$/5ğ"00$31&E(O07ğ7L/7/
4523$<0$31/1/&-.#$/010$3$&U(K#(.7
*VQ,&F(0$/7<L7/&-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/&$01/1ş1
*VQ+&]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(IL7/&I5ğ"#"
*VQV&HI73/(LI(&hhS&T"3$I&4$3$[1/I$/&T"3$I7O(
!$#77L/7/&O$241310#$.1
*VQ@&F(#(/I73(L/7/&-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/
$01/1ş1
*VVV&hhS&T"3$4L1/&4$844$/&K(<707ş7%&hhS&T(8#(IL7/
4$84$&U(K7ş7&>(&`$3/$&F$>$ş1

`$3/$&F$>$ş1

`$3/$&F$>$ş1%&*,&9$.1#&*VVV&4$3787/I(%&T$B$3%
k(8%&a$2$01<&>(&K(ş7407&E$0<$/&#700(40(37/I(/
50"ş$/%&X;/O$I7&A$/5ş&<5#"4$.1/I$<7&X$K01
53I"."&70(&hhS&T"3$4&G/I(307ğ7/I(<7&-.#$/01
53I"."&$3$.1/I$&J"U;/<;&E"0U$37.4$/L1/
`$3/$&ş(837&O$<1/1/I$&O$210#1ş&J73
.$>$ş413S-.#$/01&53I"."&<$)$/#1ş413S

hhS&T"3$4%&a$2$&h`S&H"U(/7".L"/&G/$O$<
50#$.1O0$&50"ş4"3"0$/&J73&X$K01&53I"."/"
O(/#7ş&>(&*VVV&O101/1/&O$)&$O0$31/I$&HI73/(_
F(U(I7/&M/40$ş#$.1L/1&7#)$0$#1ş41S&E"
$/40$ş#$&*,&O10&.;3(07<&J73&J$31ş&IG/(#7/7
G/UG3;O53I"S&M/40$ş#$/1/&7#)$.1&;)(37/(&hhS
T"3$4&4$841&*+&O$ş1/I$<7&5ğ0"&ş(8)$I(
T(8#(4L(hhS&T(8#(IP&J13$<$3$<&T$/7.$LO$
K(<70#7ş47S&M/B$<&HI73/(_F(U(I7/
M/40$ş#$.1L/1/&<5ş"00$31/I$/&85ş/"4
<$0#$O$/&a$2$01<%&9$3I7/$0&C7"07$/5&!(.$37/7
>$.14$.1O0$&T$B$3&<5#"4$/1&X;/O$I7&A$/5şL"
Wa$2$L/1/&5/$O1&50#$I1ğ1/I$/&I50$O1
U(K(3.7)I73Z&7II7$.1O0$&$/40$ş#$O1&780$0(&7</$
(4#(ğ(&K$01ş1O53I"S&EGO0(B(&E$0<$/&;0<(0(37
a$2$L/1/&I$&G/$O$<&50#$.1O0$&4(<3$3&J73&53I"
50"ş4"3$3$<&.$0I131O$&8$)130$/I1S

*+&O$ş1/I$<7&U(/K&Ş$8)$I(&T(8#(4&J$J$.1
T"3$4L$&53I"/"/&J$ş1/$&4(<3$3&U(K#(.7&7K7/
#(<4"2&O$)#1ş413S&E"&#(<4"24$&O$)$/&J73
<1.1#&ş"I"3S&WE$J$%(ğ(3&<7&2$I7ş$8&.(/&7.(/
53I"/"/&J$ş1/$&U(K%&(ğ(3&2$I7ş$8&J(/&7.(#
.$/$&(#3(I7O53"#&U(0&>(&53I"0$31/1/&J$ş1/$
U(KZ&O$)#1ş413S&hhS&T"3$4&G/B(&4$84$&U(37
IG/#(O(&7.4(<.7)I7S&'$844$&54"3$/&*+
O$ş1/I$<7&hhS&T(8#(IL7/&O$ş1/I$/
J(<0(/#(O(B(<&J73&;.0"24$&J$J$.1/1
53I"0$31/1/&J$ş1/$&U(K#(O(&I$>(4&(I(/
#(<4"J"&>(&`()737$)$#&g$/I$301&X$070&a$ş$L/1/
K$ğ31.1&;)(37/(%&hhS&T"3$4&$.<(30(37&70(&J(3$J(3
T$/7.$LI$/&İ.4$/J"0&J5ğ$)1/$&I5ğ3"&8$3(<(4
(447S&-3$I$/%&$.<(3&J$ş1/$&J73(3&I"<$&$041/
>(3(3(<Y&!(/(>7)&U(#70(37O0(&b"#(07LO(&U(K47S
-ğ0"&hhS&T"3$4&>(&`()737$)$#&g$/I$301&X$070
a$ş$LO1%&HI73/(LI(&J13$<$3$<&`$3/$LO$&I5ğ3"
X$K01&53I"0$31/1&<$3ş10$#$<&;)(3(&8$3(<(4
(447S-.#$/01&J"&JG0U(I(<7&8$<7#7O(47/(&J$ş$31
<$441S

-.#$/01&>(&X$K01&53I"0$31&J"U;/<;
E"0U$37.4$/L1/&`$3/$&<(/47&O$<1/0$31/I$
<$3ş10$ş410$3S&hhS&T"3$4L1/&J"0"/I"ğ"&O(3I(&J73
8(/I(ğ7/&O$/1/I$&X$K010$31/&780$0&(447ğ7&HI73/(_
F(U(I7/&M/40$ş#$.1L/1/&#(4/7&$.101OI1S&hhS
T"3$4L1/&J"&.$>$ş4$&K5<&J$ş$3101&J73&.43$4(j7
"OU"0$I1ğ1&J707/#(<4(I73S

X$K01&53I"."/"/&.50&4$3$[1/I$&J$4$<01<0$3&O(3
$0#$<4$OI1S&hhS&T"3$4&.$>$ş&$0$/1/1/&$>$/4$j1/1
<"00$/#$<&7K7/&J$.<1/&.43$4(j7.7&<"00$/#1ş413S
C;/(OI(<7&J$4$<01<0$31&8(.$J$&<$4$3$<&.$ğ
<$/$I1/1/&.$>$ş&.13$.1/I$&K(>370#(.7/7/
7847#$07/7&534$I$/&<$0I13#$<&>(&X$K010$31&4$#
J73&K(#J(3(&$0#$<&7K7/&X$K010$31/&4(<&K1<1ş&O50"
50$/&`$3/$L/1/&<")(O&O50"/$&*fS,,,&<7ş707<&J73
<">>(4&<5O$3$<&4$#&7#8$&I;)(/7&$0#1ş413S&E"
I;)(/&X$K010$31&2.7<505j7<&50$3$<&.$3.41S&M#$&hhS
T"3$4&O50"&4"4$/&<">>(40(37&K$321ş#$0$3
.;3(.7/B(&.$>$ş$&.5<#$I1S&M/B$<&-.#$/01
-3I"."L/"/&(/&)530$/I1ğ1&$/I$&J"&<">>(40(37
K$ğ13I1S&9")(O&O50"/"&J5ş$04$3$<&I(/U(O7
<(/I7&0(87/(&K(>73I7S&X$K010$3$&W9$K1ş&O50"/")
>$3SZ&#(.$j1&>(3(3(<%&<$K#$O$&(ğ707#07&X$K01
$.<(30(37/7&.$>$ş&$0$/1/I$/&<$K1ş$
G)(/I73(3(<&J73&4$ş0$&7<7&<"ş&>"3#"ş&50I"S

X$K01&53I"0$31/1/&J$ş1/I$&T$B$3&<5#"4$/
X;/O$I7&A$/5ş%&T$B$37.4$/&<3$01&hS&^0v.)0w&NhhhS
xł$IO.ł$y&$I1O0$&k(87.4$/&<3$01P%&9$3I7/$0
!(.$37/7%&]3$/<5%&`$3$I7/&>(&H30$/&27.<525.0$31
J"0"/"O53I"S&hhS&T"3$4&53I"."/"&<$I(#(07
50$3$<&I;)(/0(#7ş%&b"#(07&J(O0(3J(O7&'"38$/
E(OL7&b"#(07&$.<(37O0(&.$ğ$%&M/$I50"
J(O0(3J(O7&9$3$B$&E(OL7&$.<(37O0(&.50&4$3$[$
O(30(ş473#7ş47S&İ.4$/J"0LI$/&U(473I7ğ7&O(/7K(37
$.<(30(37/7&7.(&J7))$4&<(/I7&<"#$/I$.1&$041/I$
534$&<1.1#$&O(30(ş473#7ş47S

F$>$ş&J$ş0$I1ğ1/I$&G/B(&X$K01&53I"."/"/
ş7II(407&.$0I131.1&.5/"B"&-.#$/01&53I"."/I$
J73&2$/7<&8$>$.1&534$O$&K1<41S&X$K01&53I"0$31
)13801OI1&>(&I$8$&$)&<$O12&>(37O530$3I1S&E"
I"3"#&-.#$/01&53I"."/"&)53&I"3"#I$
J13$<1O53I"S&X;/O$I7&A$/5ş&53I"."/"
I7.7207/07&J73&ş(<70I(&OG/(4#(<4(OI7S&-.#$/01
53I"."/"/&O(/70#(&J(073470(37&UG.4(3#(.7
;)(37/(&T$B$3&93$01&hS&^0v.)0w%&.$>$ş1/
J$ş$31.1/1&4$#$#(/&X;/O$I7LO(&J13$<#$#$<
7K7/&O(37/I(/&$O310$3$<&.$>$ş$&<$410I1S&-.#$/01
53I"."&#(3<()(&I5ğ3"&.$0I13$/&X$K01
53I"."/"&U(37&K(<#(<&7K7/&O$/0$3$&I5ğ3"
$K10I1&>(&534$I$&<$0$/&X$K01&53I"."&J"&ş(<70I(
-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&ş7II(407&.$0I1310$31&.5/"B"
O(/70U7O(&"ğ3$I1S

hS&^0v.)0w&.$>$ş&.13$.1/I$&J$ş1/$&$0I1ğ1&J73
J$04$&I$3J(.7&.5/"B"/"&O$ş$#1/1&O7473I7S&p0(/
<3$01/&J$ş1/1&O(/7K(370(3&hhS&T"3$4L$&U(473I70(3S&hhS
T"3$4&G0(/&<3$01/&J$ş1/1&O(#7/7/7&J5)I"ğ"
HI73/(_F(U(I7/&M/40$ş#$.1/1/&O$/1/I$&4(ş873
(4473I7S&hhS&T"3$4&4$#&7#8$&.43$4(j7.7/7
<">>(40(37/7/&K5<&O123$/#$#$.1&7K7/&7<7
<$I(#(&50$3$<&I;)(/&O$241ğ1&95.5>$&F$>$ş1/$
4$ş1#1ş413S&'$#&.5/"B"&I$&(07/I(&.$ğ&<$0$/
4(B3;J(07&<5#"4$/0$30$&J"&.$>$ş4$&$0#1ş413S

E$)1&<$O/$<0$3$&UG3(&hhS&T"3$4&.$>$ş&$0$/1/1
U()(3<(/&O$/1/I$<7&O$3I1#B10$31/$&.53$3?&WE7)
J"&.$>$ş1&/$.10&<$)$/$J70I7<zZ&A$/1/I$<7
>()730(3I(/&J737?&WX$/1#%&ş"&O(3I(&O$4$/
<([(3(0(3I(&J73&4(<&$<&.$<$001&7847O$3&O5<S&E7)
7847O$30$31#1)&O;);/I(/&<$)$/I1<%5/0$3&7.(
7847O$4.1)01<0$31&O;);/I(/&<$OJ(4470(3SZ&B(>$2
>(373S

F$>$ş&<$)$/10#$.1/$&<$3ş101<&-.#$/010$3&7K7/
K5<&)53&U(K#7ş473S&E"/"/&/(I(/7&X$K01
$.<(30(37/7/&8(2.7/7/&4(2(I(/&413/$ğ$%&.$>$ş
$40$31&I$870&<$01/&)1380$30$&I5/$410#1ş
50#$.1OI1S&`$3/$LI$&e,S,,,&4$#&)13801&X$K01
$.<(37/&G0I;3;0#(.7/(&<$3ş101<&J"&.$O1I$/&K5<
I$8$&[$)0$&-.#$/01&$.<(37&O$ş$#0$31/1
<$OJ(447S&İş4(&J"&.$O1&<$OJ1&hhS&T"3$4L1&.$>$ş1&7<7
<$I(#(07&50$3$<&95.5>$LO$&4$ş1#$.1/$&/(I(/
50#"ş4"3S&X$K010$31/&.$O1.1&O$<0$ş1<&Q+fS,,,
<7ş7&7I7&>(&.$>$ş&$0$/1/I$/&<$K$/&X$K01&$.<(37
.$O1.1&7.(&*+,S,,,&B7>$31/I$OI1S

`$3/$&T"8$3(J(.7/I(/&.5/3$&7.#7/7
<"34$3#$<&7.4(O(/&X;/O$I7&A$/5ş&4(<3$3
53I"0$31/1&4520$O$3$<%&<(/I7.7/(&<$410#$<
7.4(#(O(/&F13J7.4$/L1&7şU$0&(I72&'"/$LO1
U(K(B(<&>(&95.5>$&T(OI$/&T"8$3(J(.7/I(
-.#$/01&53I"."&70(&4(<3$3&<$3ş10$ş$B$<41S&T53$
>(&E"0U$37.4$/&-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/(&J$ğ0$/I1S
-.#$/01&=(>0(47L/7/&J$0<$/0$3I$<7&545374(.7
$34#$O$&J$ş0$I1S

*VVf&hhS&T(8#(IL7/&4$844$/&K(<707ş7&>(&hhS
T"3$IL1/&7<7/B7&I([$&U(K7ş7
*VVe&HI73/(LI(&hhS&T"3$I&4$3$[1/I$/&rK
Ş(3([(07&!$#77L/7/&O$241310#$.1
*VVR&hhS&95.5>$&F$>$ş1

hhS95.5>$&F$>$ş1

hhS&95.5>$&F$>$ş1&>(O$&İ<7/B7&95.5>$&T(OI$/
T"8$3(J(.7&N*e&H<7#_+,&H<7#&*VVRP&F"04$/&hhS
T"3$4&G/I(307ğ7/I(<7&-.#$/01&53I"."&70(
T$B$3&<"#$/I$/1&X;/O$I7&A$/5ş
G/I(307ğ7/I(<7&J73&E$0<$/&53I"."&$3$.1/I$
O$210#1ş&J73&#"8$3(J(I73S

`$3/$&O(/70U7.7/7/&7/47<$#1/1&$0#$&$#$B1O0$
.$>$ş&J$ş0$4#$<&7.4(O(/&X;/O$I7&A$/5şL/"/
4520$I1ğ1&X$K01_T$B$3&53I"."&95.5>$LO$&U(0I7S
hhS&T"3$IL1/&J$31ş&G/(37.7&3(II(I70I7S

*@&H<7#&U;/;&4$$33")$&U(K(/&X$K01
53I"."L/"/&G/B;&J7307<0(37&b"#(07&>(&M/$I50"
$4010$31&4$3$[1/I$/&O(/70U7O(&"ğ3$410I1S&-.#$/01
<">>(40(37L/7/&.$ğ&>(&.50&<$/$40$31/1&4$<47<
$#$K01&U(37&K(<70#7ş&U7J7&UG.4(3#(.7&;)(37/(
X;/O$I7&A$/5ş%&-.#$/01&53I"."L/"/
#(3<()7/7&8(I([&$0$/&$/$&4$$33")"&J$ş0$441S&E"
.$0I131I$&I$&-.#$/01&#(3<()
<">>(40(37NG)(007<0(&A(/7K(370(3PL/7/&I73(/7ş7
<1310$#$I1S&E73&K5<&X137.47O$/&.5O0"&>(&<5#"4$/
G0I;3;0I;S

F$ğ&>(&.50&<$/$40$3I$&U(37&K(<70#7ş&-.#$/01
<">>(40(37&I(&O(30(37/7&I50I"3$/&<">>(40(3(
8;B"#$&J$ş0$O1/B$&X$K01&53I"."&I$ğ10#$O$
J$ş0$I1S&X;/O$I7&A$/5ş&.$>$ş&#(OI$/1/I$/
<$K41%&$#$&I$8$&.5/3$&F1320$3&4$3$[1/I$/
K(>370I7S

F$>$ş&.5/"B"&E$0<$/0$3LI$&;.4&;.4(&O(/70U7
$0$/&X$K01&7447[$<0$31&.$0I131B1&U;K&4520$#$O1
J13$<12&.$>"/#$O$&K(<70I7%&-.#$/01
53I"0$31/1/&<$3ş1.1/I$&I"3$B$<&U;K&<$0#$I1S
-.#$/01&E$0<$/0$3I$&4$$33")$%&X$K010$3
.$>"/#$O$&U(K47S

F"04$/&hhST(8#(I&N]$478P&N*VVV_*VV:&u&*Vf*_
*VR*P

*Vf*&hhS&T"3$IL1/&G0;#;&>(&hhS&T(8#(IL7/
7<7/B7&I([$&4$84$&U(K7ş7
*Vf+&]$478L7/&M/$I50"&X7.$31&<$3ş1.1/$&b"#(07
X7.$31L/1&O$2413#$.1

M/$I50"&>(&b"#(07&X7.$30$31

*VfQ&İ.4$/J"0L"/&[(487

İ.4$/J"0L"/&](487

F"04$/&hhST(8#(I&X$/&N]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(IP%
X$)3(47&a(OU$#J(3L7/&#$/(>7&#;jI(.7
NWİ.4$/J"0&#"8$<<$<&[(48(I70(B(<473S&E"&[(487
O$2$B$<&8;<;#I$3&>(&53I"&/(&#;<(##(0
7/.$/0$3I13Z&X$I\._7&Ş(3\[P&>(&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&U(0(B(ğ7&$K1.1/I$/
İ.4$/J"0L"&[(48(4#(<&7.47O53I"S

]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(I%&J;O;<&U$O(.7/7
U(3K(<0(ş473#(<&7K7/%&T$B$30$3$%&F1320$3$&>(
E7)$/.010$3$&<$3ş1&O"#"ş$<&I$>3$/1O53I"S
M#$B1&X$K010$31/&J730(ş#(.7/7&G/0(#(<%&5/0$31
4$837<&(4#(#(<&>(&)$#$/&<$)$/#$<41S&E7/
O1001<&4$3787/7/&.5/"/$&U(0#7ş&50$/&E7)$/.
<;K;0(&<;K;0(&.$I(B(&İ.4$/J"0&ş(837/7/
.1/130$31&7K7/I(&8;<;#&.;3(/&J73&I(>0(4
I"3"#"/$&I;ş#;ş4;S&M/B$<&J"/$&3$ğ#(/
E7)$/.L1/&>$301ğ1%&E$0<$/0$3I$<7&';3<&8$<7#7O(47
$K1.1/I$/&4(807<(07&50"O53I"S&E7)$/.
İ#2$3$4530$31%&M/$I50"LI$<7&K(ş7407&.7O$.7
U;K0(37&I(&-.#$/01&$0(O87/(&<1ş<134#$<4$/&U(37
<$0#1O530$3I1S&X$44$&)$#$/&)$#$/&-.#$/01
ş(8)$I(0(37&$3$.1/I$<7&4$84&<$>U$0$31/$&<$31ş12
I(>0(47/&7K&I;)(/7/7&J5)"O530$3I1S&İ.4$/J"0L"/
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&8$<7#7O(47&$041/I$
U73#(.7%&47B$37&>(&<;04;3(0&OG/I(/&G/(#07&J73
$>$/4$j1/&I$8$&(0(&U(K7370#(.7&I(#(<47S
E5ğ$)0$3&4$#&$/0$#1O0$&<5/4350&$041/$&$01/$B$<
>(&J"&.$O(I(%&9$3$I(/7)&47B$3(4&O500$31&(0(
U(K7370#7ş&50$B$<41S

9$3$#$/5ğ"00$31&#(.(0(.7/7&KG)(/&]$478
F"04$/&T(8#(I%&İ.4$/J"0L"/&[(487&7K7/&U(3(<07
8$)1301<0$3$&J$ş0$I1S&=(>37/&#;8(/I7.0(37/I(/
T".0"87II7/%&F$3"B$&F(<J$/&70(&-.#$/010$3$
.1ğ1/$/&T$B$3&^3J$/&HI73/(LI(&452&IG<;#;
7ş7O0(&UG3(>0(/I7370I7S&WŞ$87Z&$I1&>(370(/&J"
4520$31/&O$/1/I$%&4(<(30(<07&<"0(0(3&>(&$ş134#$
U;00(0(37/&;3(470#(.7&N8$>$/&452"P&O$210$/
8$)1301<0$3&$3$.1/I$OI1S&A$241310$/&J"&J;O;<
4520$3&İ.4$/J"0L"/&[(48(I70#(.7/I(&G/(#07&350
5O/$I1S&A10I131#&E$O()7IL7/&İ.4$/J"0&<"ş$4#$.1
.13$.1/I$&O$2413I1ğ1&M/$I50"&X7.$31L/1/
<$3ş1.1/$%&b"#(07&X7.$31&NE5ğ$)<(.(/P&7/ş$
(I70I7S&E"&.$O(I(&İ.4$/J"0&E5ğ$)1L/1/&<5/4350;
.$ğ0$/$B$<%&I(/7)&O50"O0$&U(0(J70(B(<
O$3I1#0$3$&<$3ş1&4(IJ73&$01/#1ş&50$B$<41S&V,,
2$3K$I$/&50"ş$/&J73&I5/$/#$&7/ş$&(I70I7S
'"38$/&E(O&<5#"4$.1/I$<7&J73&-.#$/01
I5/$/#$.1&T53$LO$&UG/I(370I7&>(&İ.4$/J"0L$
O$3I1#&U(0#(.7&(/U(00(/I7S&Hi$<&>(&F13J7.4$/
70(&>$3&50$/&J$31ş&$/40$ş#$0$31&O(/70(/I7S
T$B$30$30$&I$&;K&O1001<&J73&$/40$ş#$&O$210I1S
-.#$/010$31/&J"&8$)1301<0$31&<$3ş1.1/I$%
E7)$/.010$3&I$&J5ş&I"3#"O53I"S&F"30$3
.$ğ0$#0$ş413101O53&>(&ş(83(&O7O(B(<
I(250$/1O53I"S&MO31B$&E7)$/.&İ#2$3$453"
95/.4$/47/%&X$07KL(&J73&)7/B73&U(3I73(3(<%
J"3$I$/&U(0(B(<&4(807<(O7&G/0(#(O(&K$01ş41S
MO/1&)$#$/I$&X$K01&I;/O$.1/I$/&O$3I1#
7.4(/7O53%&a$2$&7.(&O$2$B$ğ1&O$3I1#&<$3ş1.1/I$
9$4507<&>(&-345I5<.&<707.(0(37/7/
J730(ş47370#(.7/7&7.47O53I"S&M/B$<&9$4507<0(3I(/
/([3(4&(I(/&-345I5<.&b"#0$3%&b5#$&<707.(.7/(
J$ğ0$/#$<&7.4(#7O53%&Wİ.4$/J"0LI$&9$3I7/$0
<;0$81&UG3#(<4(/.(%&';3<&.$31ğ1&UG3#(O(
3$)1O1)Z&I7O530$3I1S

]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(I%&8$)1301<0$3
4$#$#0$/I1<4$/&.5/3$%&E7)$/.&İ#2$3$453"
95/.4$/47/L(&J73&(0K7&UG/I(3(3(<%&<$/
IG<;0#(I(/&ş(837/&4(.07#&(I70#(.7/7&7.4(I7S
]$<$4&İ#2$3$453I$/&U(0(/&.$>$ş$&8$)131)
#(.$j1&;)(37/(%&İ.4$/J"0L"/&<$3$&."30$31&G/;/(
U(0(/&-.#$/01&-3I"."%&:&l7.$/&*VfQLI(
<"ş$4#$O1&J$ş0$441S&-.#$/01&I5/$/#$.1&7.(
X$07KL7/&U737ş7/I(&>(&F$3$OJ"3/"&G/;/I(
I(#730(#7ş47S&-3I"Y&#(3<()%&.$ğ&>(&.50&50$3$<
;K&<1.#$&$O310I1S&*@&l7.$/LI$&O$210$/&70<
.$0I131I$%&4(<(30(<07&<"0(0(3&<"00$/10I1&>(&J"
.$0I131&70(&'52<$21&."30$31/I$/&J"3K0$3$&<$I$3
O$/$ş10I1S&-.#$/01&-3I"."L/I$<7&(3&.$O1.1
*f,S,,,&70(&+,,S,,,&$3$.1/I$OI1S&E"
<">>(40(3(&b"#(07&>(&M/$I50"&J(O0(37/(&J$ğ01
K(ş7407&<">>(40(3&I(&<$410#1ş41S&g5<&ş7II(407
K$321ş#$0$3&50"O53%&E7)$/.010$3&ş(837&<53"O$/
."30$31/&)$3$3&UG3(/&JG0;#0(37/7&8(#(/&4$#73
(I7O530$3I1S&`(/(I7<&>(&!(/(>7)070(3&I(
I5/$/#$0$31O0$&E7)$/.L$&O$3I1#&(I7O530$3I1S
]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(I%&-.#$/01&I5/$/#$.1/1/
<"ş$4#$&.13$.1/I$&O(4(37/B(&<"00$/10$#$I1ğ1/1
>(&J"&O;)I(/&<"ş$4#$/1/&")$I1ğ1/1
I;ş;/;O53I"S&İ.4$/J"0L"/&X$07K&4$3$[1/I$<7
."30$31/1/&)$O1[&50I"ğ"&J707/7O53I"S&E7)$/.&J"
JG0U(O(&)7/B737&J"&/(I(/0(&U(3#7ş47S&A;<.(<4(/
$410$/&4$ş&U;00(0(3&E7)$/.&I5/$/#$.1/I$/&J$)1
U(#70(37&J$413#1ş41&[$<$4&J73&<1.1#&I5/$/#$/1/
X$07KL(&7/I7370#(.7&<(.7/&50$3$<&U(3(<07OI7S
]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(I%&İ.4$/J"0L"/
[(48(I70#(.7/7&<50$O0$ş413$B$<&G/(#07&<$3$31/1
>(3I7S&-.#$/01&I5/$/#$.1/$&$74&J$)1&U(#70(3
<$3$I$/&K(<70(3(<&X$07KL(&7/I7370(B(<47S
'528$/(&G/;/I(<7&<1O1I$/&J$ş0$O12
9$.1#2$ş$LO$&<$I$3&"0$ş$/&J73&U;)(3U$8
;)(37/(&<1)$<0$3&O(30(ş47370I7S&C(#70(37/%
<1)$<0$31/&;)(37/I(/&<$OI1310$J70#(.7&7K7/%
C$0$4$&!(/(>7)070(37/I(/&)(O47/O$ğ1%&.$I(&O$ğ
>(&I5#")&O$ğ1&$01/$3$<&<1)$<0$3&O$ğ0$/I1S&+*_
++&l7.$/&U(B(.7&:eNO$I$&e+P&2$3K$&U(#7
I;)(0470#7ş&O50I$/&X$07KL(&7/I7370I7S&X$07KL4(<7
';3<&I5/$/#$.1/$&$74&4520$3%&."30$31&IG>#(O(
J$ş0$I1S&!7II7&K$321ş#$0$3&B(3(O$/&(447S
E"/I$/&.5/3$<7&U;/0(3I(&452&.$>$ş1%&5<%&4;[(<
$41ş0$31%&0$ğ1#&<$)#$0$3%&J;O;<&>(&8$3(<(407
.$>$ş&<"0(0(37/7/&."30$3$&.$0I1310$31&I(>$#&(447S
9"ş$4#$/1/&")"/&.;3#(.7&>(&<(.7/&J$ş$31O$
"0$ş10$#$#$.1&$.<(30(3&$3$.1/I$&(/I7ş(
O$3$441S&M/B$<%&İ.4$/J"0L"&8(3&/(&ş$344$&50"3.$
50."/&$0#$O$&<$3$301&50$/&]$478&F"04$/
T(8#(I&<"#$/I$/0$31/&>(&$07#0(37/&I(
J"0"/I"ğ"&J73&4520$/41&I;)(/0(I7S
!(.$3(40(/I737B7&J73&<5/"ş#$&O$241<4$/&.5/3$%
+@&T$O1.L4$&U(/(0&.$0I131/1/&O$210$B$ğ1/$&I$73
<$3$31/1&$K1<0$I1S&g$321ş#$0$3&.13$.1/I$
E7)$/.L1&<53"O$/&."30$3&;)(37/I(&<$2$410#$.1
#;#<;/&50#$O$/&U(I7<0(3&$K10#$O$
J$ş0$#1ş41S&F"30$3&7K(37.7/(&<;K;<&.1)#$0$3
50"O53%&$/B$<&U(37&2;.<;34;0;O53I"S&İ0<&I([$
^0"J$401&X$.$/&>(&$3<$I$ş0$31/1/&ş(874&50#$<
2$8$.1/$&4"4"/#$O1&J$ş$3I1<0$31&İ.4$/J"0
."30$31%&$341<&I73(/(#7O53I"S&fQ&U;/&.;3(/&>(
*@&l7.$/%&:&T$O1.%&*+&T$O1.&>(&+@&T$O1.L4$
O$210$/&IG34&J;O;<&.$0I131I$/&.5/3$&=5ğ"
b5#$&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&**+f&O1001<&J$ş<(/47
50$/&İ.4$/J"0%&+@&T$O1.&*VfQ&.$01&U;/;
[(48(I70I7S

İ.4$/J"0L"/&[(487%&K5<&G/(#07&.5/"K0$31&I$
J(3$J(37/I(&U(473I7S&]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(I%
İ.4$/J"0L"/&[(487/I(/&.5/3$&J$41I$<7
8$<7#7O(47&2(<7ş473#(<%&.1/130$31&U(/7ş0(4#(<%
İ.0$#L1&(/&")$<&O(30(3(&<$I$3&O$O#$<&>(
X137.47O$/&J7307ğ7/7&J5)#$<&$#$B1O0$&M>3"2$
;)(37/(&J73&K5<&.([(30(3&I;)(/0(I7S

*VfQ&MO$.5[O$L/1/&B$#7O(&K(>370#(.7
*VfR_*V:,&T53$L/1/&-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/
$01/1ş1
*V:*&'3$J)5/&b"#&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/
-.#$/010$3&4$3$[1/I$/&O1<101ş1
*V:*&!$/I$35ğ"00$31&E(O07ğ7L/7/&708$<1
*V:Q&-.#$/01_`(/(I7<&F$>$ş1L/1/&J$ş0$#$.1
*V:Q&_*Ve,&İ.4$/J"0LI$&]$478&9;007O(.7L/7/
7/ş$$.1
*V::&hhS&T(8#(IL7/&M3/$>"4&.([(37
*V:R&9$3$#$/5ğ"00$31&E(O07ğ7L/7/&-.#$/010$3
4$3$[1/I$/&O1<101ş1
*V:R&hhS&T(8#(I&4$3$[1/I$/&İ.4$/J"0LI$
'52<$21&F$3$O1L/1/&4(.7.7
*VeQ&-40"<J(07&F$>$ş1

-40"<J(07&F$>$ş1

9$3$#$/5ğ0"&İJ3$87#L7/&*V:VL4(&G0#(.7
;)(37/(&5ğ"00$31&J73J730(37/(&I;ş#;ş0(3I7S
M<<5O"/0"&8;<;#I$31&^)"/&X$.$/L1/
O$3I1#1O0$&İ.8$<&E(O&9$3$#$/5ğ0"&J(O07ğ7/(
.$872&50I"S&E"/"/&;)(37/(&I7ğ(3&5ğ0"&a73
M8#(I&E(O&]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(ILI(/&O$3I1#
7.4(I7&>(&U(0(/&O$3I1#&.$O(.7/I(&E(O07ğ7&(0(
U(K73I7S&]$<$4&a73&M8#(I&E(O&J73&.;3(&.5/3$
U7I72&`(/(I7<070(30(&$/0$ş1/B$%&J"&I"3"#$
.7/730(/(/&]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(I%&9$3$#$/
F([(37L/(&K1<#$O$&<$3$3&>(3I7S

95/O$&>(&9$3$#$/&$01/$3$<&-.#$/01LO$
J$ğ0$/I1S&9$3$#$/&8$0<1&İ.4$/J"0L$&>(&K(ş7407
O(30(3(&UGK&(447370I70(3S&a73&M8#(I&E(O&<$K$3$<
M<<5O"/0"&8;<;#I$31&^)"/&X$.$/L$&.1ğ1/I1S
E"&50$O&-.#$/010$30$&M<<5O"/0"0$31/&$3$.1/1/
$K10#$.1/$&/(I(/&50I"S

-.#$/010$3&M>3"2$&>(&M/$I50"LI$<7
4523$<0$31/1&U(/7ş0(473<(/%&M<<5O"/0"0$3
=(>0(47LI(&=5ğ"&M/$I50"%&9$[<$.O$%&İ3$/&>(
h3$<&;)(37/I(&8$<7#7O(4&<"3#"ş0$3I1S
F1/130$31/1&U(/7ş0(4(/&7<7&';3<&=(>0(47&$3$.1/I$
J;O;<&J73&.$>$ş&<$K1/10#$)&50#"ş4"S&-40"<J(07
#(><77/I(&**&Mğ".45.&*VeQLI(&O$210$/
.$>$ş4$%&I(>37/&(/&<">>(407&.$>$ş&4(</7ğ7/(&>(
$3$K0$31/$&.$872&50$/&-.#$/01&53I"."%&^)"/
X$.$/L1/&<">>(407&.;>$370(3I(/&<"3"0#"ş&50$/
53I"."/"&J73<$K&.$$44(&I$ğ1441S

E"&.$>$ş4$/&.5/3$&M<<5O"/0"0$3&J73&I$8$
<(/I70(37/7&452$30$O$#$I10$3S&]$478&F"04$/
T(8#(I%&M<<5O"/0"&4(807<(.7/7&J"&ş(<70I(
(/U(00(#7ş&50I"S&M/$I50"LI$&>(&b"#(07LI(
J73K5<&.([(3&I;)(/0(O72&2(<&K5<&)$[(3
<$)$/#1ş41S

E"/$&3$ğ#(/&U;/(OI(&U;K0;&J73&I(>0(4
<5/"#"/I$&50$/&T(#0;<0(30(&235J0(#0(3
O$ş$/I1ğ1&8$0I(&.1B$<&J73&.$>$ş4$/&<$K1/#1ş41S

*Vef&9131#L1/&]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(4
IG/(#7/I(%&C(I7<&M8#(4&a$ş$&4$3$[1/I$/
-.#$/01&4$J77O(47/(&U737ş7
*Ve:&E5ğI$/&.([(37
*VeR&hhS&T(8#(I&4$3$[1/I$/&70<&$041/&2$3$/1/
I$3J(447370#(.7
*Ve@&-.#$/01_`(/(I7<&M/40$ş#$.1&70(&]$478L7/
`(/(I7<070(3L(&'3$J)5/&>(&9([(LI(&47B$3(4
O$2#$&8$<<1&4$/1O$/&$87I/$#(&>(3#(.7
*VR,&-43$/45LO$&K1<1ş&>(&J$ş$31.1)&b5I5.
<"ş$4#$.1
*VR,&9$I1$.<(307ğ7/&b"#(07&>(&M/$I50"&50$3$<
7<7O(&$O310#$.1

F"04$/&hhSE$O()7I&N*VR*_*f*+P

*VR*&hhS&T(8#(IL7/&>([$41&>(&hhS&E$O()7IL7/
4$84$&K1<1ş1
*VR*&*,,&I738(#&U;#;ş4(/&V,,&$<K(
<(.70#(.7
*VR*&Ş(O8&X$#I"00$8L1/&İ.4$/J"0L$&U(07ş7
*VR+&!(#&F"04$/L1/&#$ğ0"J7O(47%&b5I5.L$
7047B$.1

!(#&F"04$/

*VRQ&T535>$&F([(37&>(&X(3.(<L7/&708$<1
*VRV&E5ğI$/&F([(37
*VRV&9707&>(&M<<(3#$/L1/&[(487
*VRf&-.#$/01_T(#0;<&#;B$I(0(.7/7/
J$ş0$#$.1
*VRf&Ş(O8&X$#I"00$8L1/&$<0$#_1&.744(LI(&<(/I7
;.0"J"/"&J"0"ş"
*VR:&T".7<7&70(&4(I$>7&O$2$/&70<&I(>0(4
8$.4$/(.7&NHI73/(%&hhS&E$O()7I&9;007O(.7
Ş7[$8$/(.7P
*VRR&F"04$/&hhS&E$O()7I&4$3$[1/I$/&HI73/(LI(
E$O()7I&=$3;Lş_ş7[$.1L/1/&O$21#1
*VR@&T(#0;<0(3(&<$3ş1&4523$<&<$OJ1
*V@*&-.#$/01_T(#0;<&E$31ş1
*V@+&T$B$3&F([(37
*V@+&İ.2$/O$LI$/&K1<$310$/&A$8"I70(3L7/&I(
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&87#$O(.7/(
U73#(.7
*V@V&Ş(8)$I(&F;0(O#$/L1/&I5ğ"#"
*V@f&T$B$30$30$&#;4$3(<(%&!(#&F"04$/L1/
G0;#;
*V@e&İ0<&b".&(0K7.7/7/&İ.4$/J"0L$&U(07ş7
*V@R&k(87.4$/&F([(30(37
*V@@&`(/(I7<&X$3J7
*f,,&T5I5/%&l$>$37/&>(&9535/L"/&$01/1ş1
*f,+&`(/(I7<0(&."08
*f,R&g$"0&.([(37
*f,@&=7"&.([(37
*f**&Ş$8<"0"&E$J$&'(<(07&7.O$/1%&Ş(8)$I(
F(07#&X$3(<(47

F"04$/&hSF(07#&NA$>")P&N*f*+_*f+,P

*f*+&hhS&E$O()7IL7/&4$844$/&K(<707ş7%&hS&F(07#L7/
4$84$&U(K7ş7
*f*V&g$0I13$/&F$>$ş1%&'(J37)L(&U737ş

g$0I13$/&F$>$ş1

g$0I13$/&F$>$ş1%&-.#$/01&2$I7ş$81&A$>")
F"04$/&F(07#&70(&F$[(>7&8;<;#I$31&Ş$8&İ.#$70
$3$.1/I$&+Q&Mğ".45.&*f*VL4(%&`$/L1/&**Q&<#
<")(O7/I(%&J"&U;/<;&g$0I13$/&70K(.7
.1/130$31/I$&O(3&$0$/&g$0I13$/&->$.1L/I$
O$210$/&.$>$şS&F$>$ş&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#L7/
<(.7/&)$[(37O0(&.5/"K0$/I1S

F$[(>7&8;<;#I$31&Ş$8&İ.#$70L7/&M/$I50"LI$<7
-.#$/01&OG/(47#I(/&85ş/"4.")&50$3$<&F$[(>7
I(>0(47/(&O$<1/0$ş$/&';3<#(/0(3(&>(&J"/0$31/
07I(30(37/(&OG/(07<&<53"#$&250747<$.1%
M>3"2$LI$&I(ğ70&[$<$4&I5ğ"I$&3$<72&$3$O$/&>(
<(/I7/(&8(I([&50$3$<&I7ğ(3&7<7&I(>0(47&NF$[(>7
>(&T(#0;<P&.(K(/&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#
$K1.1/I$/&<$J"0&(I70(#()&J73&I"3"#I"S
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&70(&F$[(>7&=(>0(47
$3$.1/I$&J73&.$>$ş&<$K1/10#$)&50#"ş4"S

A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#&*f*+LI(&4$84$&K1<41ğ1/I$
F$[(>70(37/&I5ğ"I$<7&(4<7.7/(&.5/&>(3#(O7
7.47O53I"S&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#&8$)1301<0$31/1
4$#$#0$I1<4$/&.5/3$&J;O;<&J73&53I"O0$&T$34
*f*VL4(&HI73/(LI(/&O50$&K1<41S&A$>")&F"04$/
F(07#&70(&Ş$8&İ.#$70&$3$.1/I$&70U7/K&J73&#(<4"2
I;(005."/"/&O$ş$/I1ğ1&.([(3&.13$.1/I$&A$>")
F"04$/&F(07#&#(<4"20$31/1&]$3.K$&O$)#1ş%&Ş$8
İ.#$70&7.(&';3<K(&O$/14&>(3#7ş473S&rK&$O&.5/3$
H0(ş<734L(&>$3I1ğ1/I$&-.#$/01&$.<(30(37
$3$.1/I$&8")"3.")0"<&J$ş0$#1ş41S&A$>")%
$.<(30(37/7&O$41ş413$3$<&70(30(#(O7&.;3I;3I;&>(
Ş$8&İ.#$70&<5#"4$.1/I$<7&F$[(>7&53I"."O0$
g$0I13$/&->$.1L/I$&<$3ş10$ş41S&X(3&7<7&53I"&I$
O$<0$ş1<&R,_*,,&J7/&$.<(3I(/&50"ş"O53I"S

E"3$I$&O$210$/&#(OI$/&.$>$ş1&J73&U;/
J5O"/B$&.;3I;S&-.#$/01&53I"."%&.70$8
I5/$/1#1&J$<1#1/I$/%&G)(007<0(&I(&.$83$
452K"."/"/&$4(ş&U;B;&>(&O(/7K(370(37/7/&4;[(<
<"00$/#$.1&$K1.1/I$/&;.4;/I;S&T"8$3(J(
-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&)$[(37O0(&.5/"K0$/I1S&Ş$8
İ.#$70&G/&.$i$3I$&O(3&$0I1ğ1&K$321ş#$0$3I$
O$3$0$/I1&>(&<$31.1&J$ş4$&50#$<&;)(3(
8$)7/(.7/7&>(&53I"."/"&J13$<$3$<&.$>$ş
$0$/1/I$/&K(<70I7S&M3I1/I$/&A$>")&F"04$/
F(07#%&:&HO0;0&*f*VL4(&F$[(>70(37/&J$ş<(/47
'(J37)L(&U73I7S&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#&<1ş1&J"3$I$
U(K73#(<&7.47O53I"%&$#$&E(<4$ş7&4$37<$41/$
J$ğ01&O(/7K(370(3&$3$.1/I$&8")"3.")0"<&$341/B$
İ.4$/J"0L$&IG/#(<&)53"/I$&<$0I1S

g$0I13$/&F$>$ş1L/I$&O7473I7<0(37&4523$<0$31
F$[(>70(3&.$>$ş.1)&U(37&$0I10$3S&M#$&-.#$/010$3
J"&.$>$ş1/&.5/"/I$%&="0<$I735ğ"00$31&J$ş4$
50#$<&;)(3(&=5ğ"&>(&C;/(OI5ğ"
M/$I50"LI$<7&J(O07<0(37/&(U(#(/07ğ7/(&.5/
>(3I70(3S&F$[(>70(37/&T1.13LI$<7&T(#0s<0$30$
J$ğ0$/410$31/1&<(.470(3S&E"&I$&A$>")&F"04$/
F(07#L7/&T1.13&.([(37/7&<50$O0$ş413I1S&-.#$/010$3
$O31B$&İ2(<&A50"L/"/&I(/(47#7&I(&(0(
U(K73I70(3S

*f*:&T1.13&F([(37&>(&T(3B7I$J1<&F$>$ş1

T(3B7I$J1<&F$>$ş1

T(3B7I$J1<&F$>$ş1%&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#L7/&T1.13
.([(37&.13$.1/I$&T(#0"<&=(>0(47&70(&O$210$/
J737/B7&.$>$ş413S&*f*:LI$&-.#$/01&53I"."&70(
T(#0"<&53I"."&$3$.1/I$&X$0(2&ş(837/7/
<")(O7/I(&O$210$/&.$>$ş1&-.#$/010$3&<$)$/I1S
T"8$3(J(/7/&.5/"B"/I$&F"37O(%&k;J/$/&>(
]707.47/&-.#$/01&4523$<0$31/$&<$410I1S

-.#$/01&F"04$/1&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#&X$/1/%
-34$I5ğ"LI$&8D<7#7O(47/7&U(/7ş0(4#(.7Y&F"37O(%
]707.47/%&M3$J7.4$/&A$31#$I$.1%&T1.13&>(&9")(O
M[37<$L/1/&I5ğ"."/$&8$<7#&T(#0s<0"&F"04$/1
9$/."&C$>37LO7&N9$/."8&(0_Cs3\P&8$3(<(4(
U(K7372%&4(IJ73&$0#$O$&.(><&(447S&+Q&Mğ".45.
*f*VL4(%&g$0I13$/&F$>$ş1L/I$%&A$>")&F"04$/
F(07#&X$/L$&O(/7072&<$K$/&F$[(>7&8;<;#I$31
Ş$8&İ.#$70&70(&7447[$<&<"3I"S&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#
X$/%&8$J(3&$0#$&4(ş<70D41&>$.14$.1O0$&Ş$8
İ.#$70_9$/."&C$>37&7447[$<1/1&Gğ3(/7/B(%&`()\3_7
D)$#&F7/$/&a$ş$LO1%&<13<&J7/&<7ş707<&J73&<">>(40(
F$[(>\0(3&;)(37/(&UG/I(3I7S&F7/$/&a$ş$L/1/%
=7O$3J$<13L$&U7I(3<(/%&]13$4L1&U(K#(<&7K7/
T(#0s<0$3LI$/&7)7/&7.4(O72&I(&7)/7/
>(370#(#(.7&>(&9$/."&C$>37L/7/&(007&J7/&<7ş707<
<">>(40(&X$0(2L(&U(0#(.7%&8$32&.(J(J7&.$O10I1S
=(>37/&D07#0(37/I(/&d(/J7007&M07&!(#D07
H[(/I7/7/&[(4>$.1O0$&.([(3(&K1<10I1S&A$>")&F"04$/
F(07#&X$/%&I$87O$/(&J73&.7O$.(40(%&T1.13&I(>0(4
$I$#0$31/1/&J73&<1.#1/1&>(&F"37O(&$8$07.7/7%
<(/I7&.$[1/$&$0#$O$&#">$q$<&50I"S

A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#%&9$/."&C$>37LO(&X$0(2L7/
<")(O7/I(<7&T(3B7I$J1<&#(><77/I(%&#(OI$/
#"8$3(J(.7&7K7/&8$)13&50#$.1&8$J(37/7
UG/I(3I7S&T(3B7I$J1<L4$&<$3ş10$ş$/&7<7
53I"/"/&I$&<">>(40(37&(ş74&#7<4$30$3I$&50"2%
$04#1ş&J7/&B7>$31/I$OI1S&-.#$/010$3%&$4(ş07
.70$80$3%&4(ş<70$4%&<"#$/I$&8(O(47%&.(><&>(
7I$3(&J$<1#1/I$/&T(#0s<0$3I$/&;.4;/I;S
T(#0s<0$31/&I$&.;>$37&<">>(47&#(ş8"3I"S

+V&Mğ".45.&*f*:&.$J$81%&-.#$/01&53I"."&870D0
ş(<07/I(&J73&4(347J$4&$0I1S&-3I"/"/
#(3<()7/I(&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#&X$/&50"2%
O$/1/I$&9$21<"0"&$.<(37&>(&G/;/I(&J73J737/(
)7/B730(&J$ğ01&;K&O;)&452&J"0"/"O53I"S&F$ğ&<50$
M/$I50"&E(O0(3J(O7&d(O/(0&a$ş$%&.50&<50$&I$
b"#(07&E(O0(3J(O7&F7/$/&a$ş$&<"#$/I$
(I7O53I"S&T(#0s<&53I"."/"/&#(3<()7/(%
O$/1/I$&X$07[(&hhhS&T;4(>(<<70&50I"ğ"&8$0I(
F"04$/&9$/."&C$>37%&.$ğ&<50$&X$0(2&lD7J7
X$O13J$O%&.50&<50$&I$&Ş$#&lD7J7&F7J$O
<"#$/I$&(I7O53I"S&T(#0s<0$3I$&."04$/1/
53I"O$%&<"#$/I$/0$31/&I$&9$/."&C$>37LO(
747#$4.1)01ğ1&>$3I1S&-.#$/01&452K"&$4(ş7O0(
J$ş0$O$/&#"8$3(J(O(%&T(#0s<0$3&.;>$37
4$$33")"&70(&<$3ş101<&>(3I70(3S&T"8$3(J(
J$ş0$I1<4$/&7<7&.$$4&.5/3$%&T(#0s<0$3
J5)U"/$&"ğ3$I1S&pğ0(I(/&.5/3$&<(.7/&/(47B(
$01/$3$<%&T(#0s<&<$3$3UD81%&J;4;/&$ğ1301ğ1&70(
-.#$/010$31/&(07/(&U(K47S&E5ğ"B"&J73&O$)
.1B$ğ1/I$&#(OI$/$&U(0(/&#"8$3(J(I(/
<"34"0$/&T(#0s<&$.<(30(37Y&X$0(2%&X$#$%
X"#".&>(&Ş$#L$&<$K41S&'$<72&(I70(/&T(#0s<
<">>(40(37/I(/&(0(&U(K(/0(3&7#8$&(I70(3(<%
9")(O&F"37O(&J;4;/;O0(&)$24(I70I7S&M8$07.7
F;//\&50$/&ş(8730(3%&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#&X$/1
>(&-.#$/010$31&I$>(4&(4470(3S&F"37O(&ş(8730(37%
<(/I7&31)$0$31O0$&-.#$/01&7I$3(.7/7&4(3B78
(447ğ7/I(/%&$8$07O(&)$3$3&>(370#(I7S&T(#0s<
F"04$/1&9$/."&C$>37%&.$>$ş&#(OI$/1/I$&G0I;S
MJJ$.\&8$07[(.7&hhhS&T;4(>(<<70%&#"8$3(J(I(/
.5/3$&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#&X$/1/&O$/1/$
U(0(3(<%&."04$/I$/&K5<&8;3#(4&UG3I;S&A$>")
F"04$/&F(07#&X$/%&+R&Mğ".45.L4$&X$0(2L(&+e
HO0;0I(&Ş$#L$&U(0(3(<&T1.13L1/&[(487/7
U(3K(<0(ş473(B(<&.([(3(&8$)130$/#$O$&J$ş0$I1S

T(3B7I$J1<L4$&<$)$/10$/&)$[(3%&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/$&I7/\%&.7O$.\%&$.<(3\%&7<47.$I\
2(<&K5<&[$OI$0$3&.$ğ0$I1S&X70$[(47/&-.#$/01
X$/(I$/1/$&U(K#(&O50"&$K10I1S&=5ğ"I$
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&.5/&3$<7J7
T(#0s<&=(>0(47%&534$I$/&<$0I1310#$&.$[8$.1/$
U(47370I7S&F"37O(%&k;J/$/&>(&]707.47/%&-.#$/01
8D<7#7O(47/(&U73I7S&T1.13&>(&M3$J7.4$/
A$31#$I$.1&O50"&$K10I1S&C;/(OI5ğ"
M/$I50"L/"/&)$24(I70#(.7O0(%&M/$I50"&';3<
J7307ğ7&4$#$#0$/I1S

*f*e&b7I$/7O(&F$>$ş1&>(&9$873(LO(&U737ş

b7I$/7O(&F$>$ş1

b7I$/7O(&F$>$ş1%&++&-B$<%&*f*e&O101/1/&-B$<
$O1/I$&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&70(
T(#0;<0;0(3&$3$.1/I$&U(K(/&J73&.$>$ş1/
$I1I13S&E"&#"8$3(J(&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#L7/
<5#"4$.1/I$<7&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"
53I"."&<$)$/#1ş413S

*f*:LI$&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#&-.#$/01
53I"."O0$&T(#0"<0"&=(>0(47L/(&<$3ş1&F"37O(&>(
T1.13&.([(37/(&K1<41S&F"37O(LI(&T(#0"<0"
8;<;#I$31&9$/."&C$>37&<5#"4$.1/I$<7
T(#0"<0"&53I"."/$&<$3ş1&+V&Mğ".45.&*f*:LI$
T(3B7I$J1<&T"8$3(J(.7L/7&<$)$/$/&F"04$/
A$>")&F(07#%&X$0(2%&X$#$%&X"#".&>(&Ş$#L1
4(.07#&$0I1&k;J/$/&(#730(37&I(&-.#$/01
8$<7#7O(47/7&<$J"0&(447S&+*&M3$01<&*f*:LI$
F$I3$)$#&F7/$/&a$ş$&<5#"4$.1/I$<7&-.#$/01
53I"."&X$/&A"/".&Ş$>$.1L/I$&!$/J(3I7
C$)$07LO7&O(/(3(<&O50"/$&I(>$#&(447S&A$>")
9"I;.L"&4(.07#&$012&)7O$3(4&(447<4(/&.5/3$&53I"
C$))(LO(&OG/(0I7S

T(3B7I$J1<&T"8$3(J(.7L/I(/&.5/3$&T(#0;<
=(>0(47L/7/&J$ş1/$&U(K(/&'5#$/J$OY&-.#$/01
8$<7#7O(47/7&<$J"0&(4#(I7ğ7&U7J7%&J$31ş&4(<07m
7K7/&U(0(/&-.#$/01&(0K7.7/7&G0I;3#;ş4;S&A$>")
F"04$/&F(07#%&53I"."O0$&J7307<4(&F7/$&gG0;L/;&f
U;/&7K7/I(&N**&-B$<_*:&-B$<P&U(K(3(<%
b7I$/7O(LI(&T(#0;<&-3I"."&70(&<$3ş10$ş41S

b7I$/7O(LI(&O(/7&T(#0;<0;&F"04$/1&'5#$/J$O%
`(/(I7<070(3I(/&452&>(&.70$8&$0$3$<&<">>(407&J73
.$>"/#$&8$441&<"3#"ş4"S&T(#0;<&-3I"."L/$%
H0_T"<$II$#&=$ğ1L/1/&(43$[1/1&I50$ş$3$<
U;/(OI(/&.$0I13$/&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#%&J"
#$/(>3$&.$O(.7/I(&T(#0;<&-3I"."L/"/
OG/0(37&.$J74&50$/&4520$31/1&(4<7.7)&8$0(&U(473I7S

T(#0;<&F"04$/1&'5#$/J$O&K5<&J;O;<
K$J$0$30$&O$241ğ1&.$>$ş&8$)1301<0$31/$&3$ğ#(/
++&-B$<&U;/;&b7I$/7O(&T"8$3(J(.7L/7
<$OJ(4#(<4(&50I"ğ"/"&$/0$O1/B$&(/&B(."3
$.<(30(37&70(&J73&J7307<&<"3"2&-.#$/01&<5#"4$
#(3<()7/(&J73&J$.<1/&I;)(/0(I7S&F"04$/
F(07#L7/&54$ğ1&.$/I1ğ1&`()737$)$#L1/&K$I131/$
U73I7&>(&`()737$)$#&F7/$/&a$ş$&G0I;3;0I;S&E"
."7<$.4&J$.<1/1/1/&I$&7.4(/(/&8(I(m
J"0#$#$.1&.5/"B"%&'5#$/J$O&.$>$ş
$0$/1/I$/&<$K41S&EGO0(B(&++&-B$<%*f*eLI(
b7I$/7O(&d$[(37&<$)$/10I1S&]$<$4&J"&.$>$ş&K5<
)$O7$401&U(K#7ş&>(&8(3&7<7&4$3$[&I$&+fS,,,&<$I$3
$.<(3&<$OJ(4#7ş47S

b7I$/7O(&T"8$3(J(.7&K5<&<(.7/&J73&.5/"K
>(3#(<0(&J(3$J(3&.$>$ş1/1/&.43$4(j7<&8(I(m
50$/&T1.13L1/&[(487&8(#(/&534$O$&K1<#$#1ş413
>(&T(#0s<0"0(3&J;O;<&I73(/7ş&UG.4(3#7ş0(3I73S
9$873(LO7&87K&)$O7$4&>(&ş(837/&.5.O$0&>(
(<5/5#7<&8$O$41/$&)$3$3&>(3#(I(/&(07/(
U(K73#(<&/7O(47O0(&+f&-B$<L4$&F"04$/&F(07#
I73(/7ş&UG.4(3#(I(/&4(.07#&50$/&J;4;/
T(#0;<0;0(37/&$q(I70(B(ğ7/7&70$/&(447S&]$<$4
'5#$/J$O&>(&5/$&O$<1/&T(#0s<0"
<5#"4$/0$31&U(3700$&4727&I73(/7ş&53U$/7)(
(4#(O(&J$ş0$I10$3&>(&J"&/(I(/0(&9$873(&$/B$<
;K&U;/&.;3(/&K5<&ş7II(407&.$>$ş4$/&.5/3$&(0(
U(K47&>(&ş(873&<1.#(/&O1<10I1&>(&J7/0(3B(&<7ş7
G0I;S&V&Ş"J$4&*f*eLI(&A$>")&4G3(/0(&9$873(LO(
U73I7&>(&WA"."[&l(J7&'$841Z/$&54"3I"S
T(#0"<0"0$3&l70&I(04$.1/I$&>(&A"<$31&T1.13LI$
I73(/7ş(&I(>$#&(4470(3S&]$<$4&[$)0$&)$#$/
U(K#(I(/&-.#$/01&U;K0(37&J"&I73(/7ş
#(3<()0(37/7&(07#7/(&(I72&'5#$/J$OL1
O$<$0$#$O1&J$ş$3I10$3S&*Q&l7.$/%&*f*eLI(
'5#$/J$O&9$873(&<$0(&<$21.1/I$&$.10$3$<&7I$#
(I70I7S

E"&)$[(30(&J7307<4(&T(#0;<&=(>0(47&O1<10#1ş%
4523$<0$31&-.#$/01&(U(#(/07ğ7/(&U73#7ş473S
T(#0;<&=(>0(47&4$378(&<$31ş#1ş&>(&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&T1.13L$&8$<7#&50#"ş&>(
X$07[(07<&-.#$/010$3$&U(K#7ş473S&T1.13LI$&<7
<"4.$0&(#$/(40(3&İ.4$/J"0L$&U(47370#7ş473S
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&M>3"2$L/1/&(/&U;K0;
I(>0(47&8$07/(&U(0#7ş473S

*f*e&X$3(#(O/L7/&87#$O(&$041/$&$01/#$.1
*f*e&a737&b(7.L7/&T1.13LI$&F"04$/&F(07#L(&70<
I;/O$&8$374$.1/1&."/#$.1
*f*@&!(0$07&7.O$/0$31
*f*@&!()$O73L7/&70478$<1

F"04$/&hSF;0(O#$/&N9$/"/7P&N*f+,_*f::P

*f+,&hS&F(07#L7/&>([$41%&hS&F;0(O#$/L1/&4$84$
U(K7ş7
*f+*&E(0U3$IL1/&[(487

E(0U3$IL1/&](487

E(0U3$IL1/&[(487S&T$B$37.4$/L1/&>(&-34$
M>3"2$L/1/&U737ş&<$21.1&<5/"#"/I$&<7&E(0U3$4
I$8$&G/B(&+S&T(8#(4&IG/(#7/I(&<"ş$410#1ş
$#$&$01/$#$#1ş41S&]$478&F"04$/&T(8#(4
IG/(#7/I(&E(0U3$I&8$37K&J;4;/&F13J7.4$/
[(48(I70#7ş47S&F1320$3&(00(37/I(<7&4(<&<$0(&50$/
E(0U3$IL1&<53"O$#$O$B$<0$31/1&I;ş;/(3(<
J"3$O1&T$B$3L0$3$&J13$<410$3S&M/B$<
-.#$/010$3L0$&T$B$30$31/&$3$.1&7O7&I(ğ70I7S
T$B$30$3%&-.#$/010$3$&<$3ş1&<"3"0$/&X$K01
J7307ğ7/(&<$4101O53%&E$0<$/&"0".0$31/1
-.#$/010$3L$&<$3ş1&<1ş<1341O53&>(&[13.$4
J"0I"<K$&';3<&4523$<0$31/$
.$0I131O530$3I1S9$/"/7&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/
2$I7ş$8&50I"ğ"/I$&T$B$30$3&5/"&4(J37<
(4#(#7ş0(3&>(&>(3U7O7&UG/I(3#(#7ş0(3I7S

T$B$3&93$01&hhS&k$O5şL$&UG/I(370(/&-.#$/01
(0K7.7&I(&G0I;3;0;/B(&T$B$30$3L0$&.$>$ş
<$K1/10#$)&50I"S&=5/$/#$&'"/$&/(837&O50"O0$%
9$/"/7LI(&<$3$I$/&J;O;<&J73&53I"&70(&E(0U3$I
G/0(37/(&U(0I7S&EGO0(B(&ş(873&<$3$I$/&>(
/(873I(/&<"ş$410I1&N*f+*PS&9$0(&<5#"4$/1&ş(837
4(.07#&(4#(<&)53"/I$&<$0I1S&E(0U3$I&t1/
$01/#$.1O0$%&M>3"2$LO$&O$210$/&.([(30(3I(
G/(#07&J73&;.&(I7/70I7S

*f+*&a737&b(7.L7/&974$J_1&E$837O(&$I1/I$<7
(.(37/7&8$)130$#$.1
*f++&9$/"/7&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/L1/&>$07I(.7%
A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#L7/&(ş7&MOş(&X$[.$&F"04$/
4$3$[1/I$/&T$/7.$LI$&J7#$37.4$/&7/ş$&(I70#(.7
*f++&b5I5.L"/&[(487

b5I5.L"/&](487

b5I5.L"/&](487&J707/I7ğ7&U7J7%&9$/"/\&F"04$/
F;0(O#$/L1/&M<I(/7)LI(&-.#$/01&8$<7#7O(47/7
<"3#$<&7K7/&U737ş47ğ7&J;O;<&#;B$I(0(I(%
b5I5.&.([(37&70<%&T$04$&.([(37&7.(&.5/&IG/(#7
7[$I(&(I(3S&=;/O$&4$3787/7/&(.7/(&(/I(3
3$.40$I1ğ1&;/0;&a$I7ş$81/&.$04$/$41/1/&7<7/B7
O101/I$&b5I5.L"&>(&5/$&J$ğ01&J"0"/$/&$I$0$31
(0(&U(K73#(.7%&=5ğ"&M<I(/7)LI(&-.#$/01
8D<7#7O(47/7/&O(30(ş#(.7/7&.$ğ0$I1ğ1&U7J7%
#;B$I(0(/7/&J"/I$/&JGO0(&-34$&>(&E$47
M<I(/7)L(&7/47<$0&(447370#(.7&7#<$/1/1&I$
.$ğ0$#1ş41S

*Q,@LI$/&J(37&F$7/4&o($/&ILX5.274$07(3.&>(O$
F$7/4&o($/&I(&o(3".$0(#&I(/70(/&şG>$0O(
4$37<$41/1/&(07/I(&J"0"/$/&b5I5.&$I$.1&70(
B7>$31/I$<7&$I$0$3%&(.<7I(/&J(37&-.#$/010$31/
(0(&U(K73#(<&7.4(I7<0(37&G/(#07&O(30(3I7S&F"04$/
F;0(O#$/%&E(0U3$IL1&$0#$O1&J$ş$3I1<4$/&.5/3$
-.#$/01&.7O$.(47/7/&J"&7<7/B7&#(.(0(.7/7&I(
8$00(4#(<&7.47O53I"S&d73$&[(487&)$3"3\&<10$/&J$)1
.(J(20(3&>$3I1S&E"3$/1/&[(487%&-.#$/01
;0<(.7/(&O(/7&708$<&(I70#7ş&J"0"/$/&T1.13%
F"37O(&>(&=5ğ"&M<I(/7)&.$8700(37/7/&(#/7O(47
J$<1#1/I$/&G/(#07OI7S&E"/"/&7K7/&I(&b5I5.
>(&5/$&J$ğ01&50$/&I7ğ(3&$I$0$31/&-.#$/010$31/
(07/I(&J"0"/#$.1&U(3(<7O53I"S&l74(<7#&J"
)53"/0"0"ğ"&4$<I73&(I(/&A$>")&F"04$/&F(07#%
.$04$/$41/1/&.5/&O100$31/I$%&ŞG>$0O(0(3&;)(37/(
O;3;#(<&7K7/&J;O;<&K$24$&J73&I5/$/#$
8$)130$#$O$&<5O"0#"ş%&$/B$<&J"&4$.$>>"3"/"
U(3K(<0(ş473(#(I(/&8$O$4$&UG)0(37/7
<$2$#1ş41S&X137.47O$/01ğ1/%&-.#$/01&8$B%&47B$3(4
>(&"0$ş1#&O50"&;)(37/I(%&J"&(#/7O(47&4(807<(O(
.5<$J70(B(<&4(807<(07&<$0(.7&I"3"#"/I$<7
b5I5.L4$&J"0"/$/&şG>$0O(0(3%&-.#$/01&47B$3(4
>(&8$B&U(#70(37/(&.$0I13#$<0$&<$0#$#1ş0$3%
$O/7&)$#$/I$&!$/J(3I7&C$)$07L/(&I(
O$3I1#I$&J"0"/#"ş0$3I1S&E"/I$/&J$ş<$
5/0$3%&b5I5.L4$&J"0"/$/&!(#&F"04$/L1/&5ğ0"
T"3$IL1&I$&4$84&>D37.7&50$3$<&534$O$
.;3#;ş0(3I7S&MO31B$&<$0(0(37/7/&.$ğ0$#01ğ1/$
U;>(/#(<4(&50$/&b5I5.&şG>$0O(0(37%&<53.$/01<
[$$07O(40(37/(&I(>$#0$%&J73&4$3$[4$/
T;.0;#$/0$31/&O500$31/1&<(.72&U(#70(37/7
$01O53%&GJ;3&4$3$[4$/&I$&-.#$/01&.$8700(37/I(
$3I1&$3$.1&<(.70#(<.7)7/&J$)1&[(.$401<0$3I$
J"0"/"O530$3I1S&E"/I$/&J$ş<$&J(ş&$041&J7/
B7>$31/I$&T;.0;#$/1&(.73&$012&$I$0$31/I$
5/0$3$&4;30;&7ş<(/B(0(3&O$241<0$31&I$
J707/7O53I"S

İş4(&9$/"/\%&J"&.7O$.\&>(&.43$4(j7<&.(J(20(3I(/
I50$O1&b5I5.&235J0(#7/7&8$00(4#(<&7.47O53I"S
EGO0(B(%&J73&J$<1#$&J$J$.1/I$/&#73$.&50$3$<
I(>3&$0I1ğ1&J73&.7O$.(47&I(>$#&(4473#(<&>(
J$J$.1/1/&O$31I$&J13$<#$<&)53"/I$&<$0I1ğ1
G/(#07&J73&#(.(0(O7&8$00(4#(<&/7O(47/I(&7I7S
MO/7&)$#$/I$&5%&b5I5.L"&[(48&(4#(<&."3(47O0(
I(I(.7&]D478&F"04$/&T(8#(IL7/
U(3K(<0(ş473(#(I7ğ7&J73&ş(O7&I(&O$2#1ş
50$B$<41S&H.(37#7)7/%&]D478L0(&70U707&JG0;#;/I(
I(&UG3;0(B(ğ7&;)(3(&5%&J73J730(37/7&<5>$0$O$/
)$[(30(37&$3$.1/I$&.$I(B(&7<7&O(3I(&7.4(I7ğ7/7
(0(&U(K73(#(#7ş47S&E"/0$3I$/&J737&E(0U3$I%
I7ğ(37&I(&b5I5.L4"S&'$84$&8(/;)&U(K#7ş&50$/
U(/K&F;0(O#$/%&.$04$/$41/1/&70<&O101/I$
E(0U3$IL1&)$24&(4#(<&."3(47O0(&]D478L7/
I;ş;/B(.7/7&U(3K(<0(ş473#7ş&50"O53I"S&-/"/%
E(0U3$IL1/&8(#(/&$3<$.1/I$/&b5I5.&;)(37/(
OG/(0#(.7/I(%&/7<J(47&$)&I$&50.$&$O/7
2.7<505j7/7/&(4<707&50I"ğ"/"&.GO0(#(<
#;#<;/&50.$&U(3(<73S

b5I5.&9$0(.7

b5I5.L"/&[(487&8"."."/I$&=7>$/_7
X;#$Os/LI$&O$210$/&#;)$<(3(0(3I(&(<.(37O(4%
b5I5.&.([(37/(&4$3$[4$3&UG3;/#;O53I"S&d73$
J"/0$3%&ŞG>$0O(0(37/&şG83(47%&$I$/1/
#;.4$8<(#&50"2&")"/&.;3(&#"8$.$3$O$
I$O$/$J70#(.7&>(&J73&.([(3&>"<""/I$
M>3"2$L/1/&I(38$0&J"3$O$&O$3I1#I$
J"0"/$J70(B(ğ7/7&I;ş;/;O530$3I1S&E"/0$3$
UG3(&.5/"&4(807<(07&J73&#$B(3$&70(&J74(B(<
.([(3(&U737ş#(<&I5ğ3"&I(ğ70I7S&E"&I;ş;/B(O(
<$3ş101<&`()73_7&M)$#&a73\&T(8#(I&a$.$&70(
7<7/B7&>()73&g5J$/&T".4$[$&a$.$&>(&I(/7)B7
9"3I5ğ0"&T;.0787II7/&b(7.%&b5I5.&.([(37/(
4$3$[4$3&50"2&M>3"2$&4$3$m/I$/&(/I7ş(
(I70#(#(.7&U(3(<47ğ7/7&70(37&.;3;O530$3I1S&E"
$3$I$&B$.".0$31&>D.14$.1O0$&b5I5.&8$<<1/I$
J70U7&4520$O$/&9$/"/\%&.([(3(&<$3$3&>(373S
E"/"/0$&J(3$J(3&.([(3(&K1<#$I$/&G/B(%
X$##(3L7/&7[$I(.7O0(&Z&9"3L$/_7&9(37#L7/
(#37/7&O(37/(&U(473#(<&7K7/&r.4$I$_7&ML)$#L$
J73&#(<4"2&UG/I(373S&E"&#(<4"24$&r.4$I$_7
M)$#&4(.07#&50#$.1&7.4(/7O53&>(&$3)"."&70(
74$$47&<$J"0&(447ğ7&4$<I73I(&şG>$0O(0(37/
8;337O(40(37&70(&#$00$31/$&I5<"/"0#$O$B$ğ1/$
I$73%&O(30(37/&>(&UG<0(37/&O$3$41B1.1&50$/&M00$8%
-L/"/&(0K7.7&50$/&X)S&T"8$##(I&>(&I7ğ(3
a(OU$#J(30(3&$I1/$&O(#7/&(I7O53I"SZ&]$<$4
J"&4(<07[%&r.4$I$_7&M)$#&4$3$m/I$/&3(I&(I7073S

E"&.13$I$&M>3"2$&I(>0(40(37&I(&J73J730(37&70(
#;B$I(0(&8$07/I(&J"0"/I"<0$31/I$/%&b5I5.
70(&70U70(/(J70(B(<&I"3"#I$&I(ğ700(3I7S&b5I5.
70(&70U70(/(J70(B(<&4(<&I(>0(4&50$/&`(/(I7<070(3
I(&O$210$/&47B$3(4&$/40$ş#$.1&70(&2$.7[&8$0(
U(47370#7ş0(3I7S&=7>$/LI$&$01/$/&.([(3
<$3$31/I$/&.5/3$&8$)1301<0$31/$&J$ş0$O$/
-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&J$.1/$&.(3I$3&50$3$<
7<7/B7&>()73&g5J$/&T".4$[$&a$.$&U(4737073S&p4(
O$/I$/&J"&.([(37&8$J(3&$0$/&b5I5.&r.4$I$_7
M)$#1&a870722(&`7007(3.&I(&0Lh.0(&MI$#%&J$)1
4(IJ730(3&$0$3$<&<$0(O7&4$8<7#&(4473#7ş%&O7O(B(<
I(250$4#1ş%&ş(837/&G/;/I(<7&07#$/$&)7/B73
K(<473#7ş%&$O31B$&a$2$&>(&]3$/.$LI$/&I$
O$3I7#&7.4(#7ş47S

-.#$/01&I5/$/#$.1%&f&X$)73$/&0f++LI(&Q,,
U(#7&70(&g5J$/&T".4$[$&a$.$&<5#"4$.1/I$
8$3(<(4(&U(K(3S&=5/$/#$I$&2(<&K5<
#;87##$44$/&J$ş<$&5/J7/&I(/7)&>(&74[$7O(
/([(37&J"0"/"O53I"S&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/&I$&+0
b(B(J&@+R&N0:&X$)73$/&0f++P&4$3787/I(
İ.4$/J"0LI$/&8$3(<(40(&r.<;I$3L$&U(K#7ş%
J"3$I$/&9$21<"0"&$.<(30(37&>(&.([(3(&#(#"3
50$/&I7ğ(3&(OD0(40(37/&41#$301&.72$870(37O0(
J7307<4(&<$3$I$/&O50$&K1<#1ş41S&E"&.([(3(&/$I73
J73&7.47./$&50#$<&;)(3(%&F$I3$)$#&a\3\
T(8#(I&a$ş$L/1/&$#B$.1&50$/&Ş(O8;07.0D#
d(#J7007&M07&!(#$0\&H[(/I7&N0f,Q&0f+fP&I(
<$410#1ş413S

-.#$/01&I5/$/#$.1%&b5I5.&O$<1/0$31/I$<7
C/7I5&$I$.1/$&>$3#1ş41S&+V&X$)73$/LI$&b5I5.
G/0(37/(&U(0(/&-.#$/01&I5/$/#$.1%&b5I5.
<$0(.7/7/&IG34&#70&<$I$3&I5ğ"."/I$<7&J73
07#$/$&I(#73&$4$3S&9$0(O7&$J0"<$&$041/$&$0$/
53I"%&aDI7ş$87/&<$3$I$/&U(0#(.7/7&J(<0(3S
l78$O(4&9;4$8O$&MOI1/&O50"&70(&T$3#$37.L(%
53$I$/&I$&+R&'(##")LI$&b5I5.&$I$.1/$
U(K(/&O;)&J7/&<7ş707<&53I"%&."30$3&J5O"/B$
#(>)70(/73S&E"&(./$I$&İ/U707)%&]3$/.1)%&İ4$0O$/%
İ.2$/O50%&M0#$/&>(&a534(<7)&#700(40(37/(
#(/."J$&şG>$0O(0(3I(/&#;4(ş(<<70&b5I5.
#;I$m0(37&7.(&<$0(/7/&J(ş&$/$&J"3B"/"
#;I$[$$O$&J$ş0$#1ş0$3I1S

g$321ş#$0$3%&*&Mğ".45.L4$&M0#$/&J"3B"/$&452
$47.7&70(&J$.0$3S&9$/"/\%&91)104(2(&I(/(/&O(3I(
54$ğ1/1&<"3I"3$3$<&<"ş$4#$O1&J"3$I$/&7I$3(
(I(3S&Ş7II(40(&>(&J73J737&$3I1/B$&.;3(&U(0(/
-.#$/01&8;B"#0$31%&J(ş&$O&<$I$3&I(>$#&(I(3S
E"&$3$I$&)$#$/&)$#$/&<1.#\&J$.$310$3&I$
<$)$/10#1ş41S&F5/"/I$&I$O$/$#$O$B$<0$31/1
$/0$O$/&şG>$0O(0(3%&<$0(O7&4(.07#&(I(B(<0(37/7
9$/"/\LO(&J70I73#(<&)53"/I$&<$0130$3S&A$210$/
#;)$<(3(0(3&/(47B(.7&+*&M3$01<&*f++LI(&J73
4(.07#&$/40$ş#$.1&7#)$0$/13S&E"/$&UG3(&+*Q
O1001<&.5/"/B"&X$K01&=(>0(47&I(&4$378(&<$31ş13S
E"/$&UG3(&9$4507<&X137.47O$/0$31/&A$<7/
=5ğ"LI$/&4$#$#(/&")$<0$ş41310#$0$31&I$
.$ğ0$/#1ş&50"3S&M/40$ş#$&U(3(ğ7&şG>$0O(0(37/
$I$I$/&K(<70#(0(37/(&#;.$$I(&(I70I7ğ7&U7J7%
ş(873I(<7&X137.47O$/0$31/&I7/\&DO7/&>(
7/$/K0$31/I$&.(3J(.4&50#$0$31%&$I$&.$<7/0(37/(
J(ş&O10&<$I$3&>(3U7&>(3#(#(0(37&>(
<(/I70(37/I(/&I(>ş73#(&$01/#$#$.1&U7J7
7#47O$)0$3&I$&J$8.(I70#7ş473S&E"&$3$I$
4$/$.."3&(4#7ş&50$/&NX137.47O$/01ğ1&<$J"0&(I(/P
F"04$/&!(#L7/&5ğ0"&T"3$I&I$&O$<$0$/$3$<&7<7
5ğ0"&70(&J7307<4(&534$I$/&<$0I131013S&ŞG>$0O(0(37/
b5I5.L"&4(3<7/I(/&.5/3$&aDI7ş$8%&+,&-B$<
*f+QL4(&!D#7(&K(>370(/&F$7/4&o($/&9707.(.7/I(
!"#$&/$#$)1&<10#1ş41S&E"&/$#$)I$&7#$#01ğ1%
.([(3(&7ş473$<&(4#7ş&50$/&Ş(O8;07.0D#&d(#J7007
M07&!(#$0\&H[(/I7&O$2#1ş41S&b5I5.%&T7I7007
.$/B$ğ1/$&J$ğ0$/$3$<&=7/I$3)$I(&T(8#(I
E(OL7/&7I$3(.7/(&>(370#7ş473S&-.#$/010$3%&$O31B$
J"&.([(3&.5/3$.1&M/$I50"&.$8700(37/I(
E5I3"#%&MOI5.%&'$84$01&<$0(0(37/7%&k(35.%
FG#J(<7%&9$07#/5.%&k7#5/.$&$I$0$31/1&(0(
U(K73#7ş0(3I73S&EGO0(B(&b5I5.&<$0(.7&>(
(I(.7O0(&J7307<4(&-/7<7&$I$/1/&4$#$#1&>(
E5I3"#&I$&4(.07#&50#"ş4"S&E5I3"#L"/&[(487%
M/$I50"&4$3787&J$<1#1/I$/&I$&G/(#07I73S&d73$
J"3$.1%&M/$I50"LI$&X137.47O$/0$31/&(07/I(
J"0"/$/&4(<&4523$<&2$3K$.1&7I7S

+@&M3$01<4$&9$/"/\%&b5I5.&ş(837/(&U7372&<$0(O7
U()(3S&E"&U;/0(3I(&X137.47O$/01<&D0(#7/I(&l5(0
<"40$/1O53I"&a$2$&İ<7/B7&X$I37$/".%&b5#$LI$
F$7/4&a7(33(LI(&l5(0&DO7/7/7&7B3$&(I(3<(/%
<707.(/7/&.$K$ğ1/I$/&J73&4$.&I;ş;2&a$2$/1/
$O$ğ1/$&I5ğ3"&O">$30$/13S&9$3I7/$00(3&J"
8DI7.(O7&#"8$.$3$.1&$O0$3I$/&J(37&I(>$#
(I(/&b5I5.L"/&I;ş#(.7/(&7ş$3(4&.$OI10$3S

b5I5.L"/&[(487%&';3<&452K"0"ğ"/"/&M>3"2$
452K"0"ğ"&<$3.1.1/I$<7&;.4;/0;ğ;/;&UG.4(3I7ğ7
U7J7%&5&K$ğI$&$01/#$.1&$I(4$&#;#<;/
UG3;0#(O(/&>(&X137.47O$/01ğ1/&İ.0D#&D0(#7/(
I5ğ3"&J73&<$0(.7&.$O10$/&$I$/1/&)$241%
M>3"2$LI$&J;O;<&J73&8$O3(4&>(&4((..;3
"O$/I13#1ş413S&E"&$3$I$&b5I5.L"/&[(487/7
#;4($<7J(&b5I5.&8$27.8$/(0(37/I(&J"0"/$/
$041&J7/&<$I$3&T;.0;#$/&(.73&I(&<"34$310#1ş413S

b5I5.L$&I(38$0&';3<&UGK#(/0(37&O(30(ş#(O(
J$ş0$I10$3S&E73K5<&BD#7%&7#D3(4%&#(<4(2%
#(I3(.(%&K(ş#(&>(&O50&O$21012&$I$&7#$3&(I7073S
b5I5.%&J73&.$/B$<&#(3<()7&50"3S&E"3$O$
I(>$#01&50$3$<&J$837O(&.$/B$<J(O0(37
N';#$#73$0P&>$07&4$O7/&(I70I7S&+&-B$<&U;/;
$<.$#&;)(37&9$/"/\&A(ş70&T(0(<&<$I13U$.1/$
J7/72&b5I5.L4$/&$O31013S&M/$I50"LI$&T$3#$37.L(
U(K(3S&Q&-B$<L4$&I$&T$3#$37.L4(&7I7S&MOI1/%
T7I7007%&9$3$ş7%&T(/4(ş(&>(&F$3"8$/
.$/B$<J(O0(37/(%&M/$I50"&J(O0(3J(O7#7&9$.1#
a$ş$L/1/&/()$3(47/I(&b5I5.L4$<7&7/ş$$4%&7#$3
>(&7.<D/&7.0(37&J747/B(O(&<$I$3&$I$I$
<$0#$0$31/1&(#3(447<4(/&.5/3$&İ.4$/J"0L$
I5ğ3"&O50$&K1<$/&9$/"/\&+:&U;/I(&İ.4$/J"0L$
>$313S&+@&-B$<&0f+QL4(&O(I7&$O&5/&7<7&U;/&.;3(/
J"&7<7/B7&.([(3_7&8;#$Os/"/"&J7473(3(<
İ.4$/J"0L$&U(0#7ş&50"3S&E"&$3$I$&-.#$/01
I5/$/#$.1&I$&İ.4$/J"0L$&IG/(3S

b5I5.L"/&[(487&(I70#(.7&70(&70U707&50$3$<
UG/I(370(/&)$[(3&/$#(0(3(&`(/(I7<
#"<$J(0(I(&J"0"/I"ğ"&U7J7&F$8&İ.#$70&I(
B;0s.4$/&J(37&70<&I([$&50$3$<&4$)7O(4&>(&4(J37<
>(B7J(.7/7&O(37/(&U(473#7ş%&b5I5.&[(487/I(/
I50$O1&I$&#(#/"/0"ğ"/"&J70I73(/&J73&#(<4"2
70(&J73&(0K7&UG/I(3#7ş47S

b5I5.L"/&[(487&70(&M>3"2$LI$&9$/"/\L/7/
şG83(47&J73$)&I$8$&$34#1ş&50"O53I"S&E(0U3$I
>(&b5I5.L"/%&X137.47O$/&I;/O$.1/1/&J"&7<7&<7074
/5<4$.1&.$O10$/&#;.4$8<(#&<$0(0(37/7/&9$/"/\
4$3$m/I$/&I;ş;3;0#(.7%&-.#$/010$31/&70(37I(
J$ş$3$B$<0$31&I$8$&J;O;<&[(4780(37&7K7/&J73
7ş$3(4&.$O10I1S

*f+V&T1.13LI$&X$7/&M8#(I&a$ş$&7.O$/1%&9$)$/
X$/01ğ1L/1/&-.#$/01LO$&4$J77O(47
*f+f&İ0<&]3$/.1)&(0K7.7&İ.4$/J"0LI$
*f+f&Ş(O8;07.0$#&d(#J707&M07&H[(/I7L/7/&G0;#;
*f+:&T58$K&T(OI$/&F$>$ş1

T58$K&T(OI$/&F$>$ş1

T58$K&T(OI$/&F$>$ş1&+@&Mğ".45.&*f+:LI$%
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&>(&T$B$37.4$/&93$001ğ1
53I"0$31&$3$.1/I$&#(OI$/$&U(0(/&>(
T$B$37.4$/L1/&J;O;<&JG0;#;/;/&-.#$/01
8$<7#7O(47/(&U73#(.7O0(&.5/"K0$/$/&.$>$ş413S
F$>$ş%&.$O1B$&;.4;/&-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&8$m[
.;>$370(37&N:,S,,,P%&5&)$#$/$&<$I$3
M>3"2$010$31/&<$3ş10$ş#$I1<0$31&Q,,&.(OO$3&452
>(&(4<7/&4;[(<&<"00$/1#1&.$O(.7/I(%&T$B$3
53I"."/"/&(.$.&U;B;&50$/&$ğ13&.;>$370(37/7
<1.$&.;3(I(&<$OJ(4#(0(37/7&4$<7J(/%&$ğ13&J73
T$B$3&O(/70U7.7&70(&.5/"K0$/#1ş%&.$I(B(&7<7
.$$4&.;3#;ş4;3S&=;/O$/1/&(/&<1.$&.;3(/
#(OI$/&#"8$3(J(.7I73S&-.#$/01L/1/&<$OJ1
*f,&ş(874&50"2%&T$B$37.4$/L1/&7.(&*efS,,,
<7ş7I73S

*f+e&E5./$L/1/&[(487L/7/&4$#$#0$/#$.1
*f+R&a737&b(7.L7/&9$/"/7&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/L$
7<7/B7&I;/O$&8$374$.1/1&4$<I7#&(4#(.7
*f+@&hS`7O$/$&<"ş$4#$.1%&E"I7/L7/&7.473I$I1

hS`7O$/$&9"ş$4#$.1

hS&`7O$/$&9"ş$4#$.1%&+e&HO0;0_*:&H<7#&*f+@
4$3780(37/I(&M>".4"3O$&M3ş7I;<0;ğ;L/;/
J$ş<(/47&`7O$/$L/1/&9$/"/7&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/
<5#"4$.1/I$<7&-.#$/01&53I"."&4$3$[1/I$/
<"ş$410#$.1I13S&E$ş$31.1)&50$/&<"ş$4#$
.5/"B"/I$&<$0(&$01/$#$#1ş&>(&-.#$/01
53I"."&İ.4$/J"0L$&U(37&IG/#;ş4;3S

T58$K&F$>$ş1&N*f+:P&.5/3$.1/I$&E"I7/L7/
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&4$3$[1/I$/&(0(
U(K7370#(.7/7/&$3I1/I$/%&.$>$ş$&<$410#$#1ş
50$/&H3I(0&>5O>5I$.1&ov/5.&F)$250O$7&T$B$3
<3$01&50$3$<&4$K&U7O#7ş47S&9$/"/\&F"04$/
F;0(O#$/&*:&H<7#&*f+:LI$&T$B$37.4$/&4$B1/1
F)$250O$7LO(&>(3(/&4D378\&[(3#$/1/1&7#)$0$I1S
T58$K&F$>$ş1&G/B(.7/I(&<3$0&hhS&k$O5ş
I50$O1.1O0$&T$B$37.4$/&70(&J$ğ0$/4101&50$/%
$/B$<&.$>$ş&.5/3$.1/I$&-.#$/01&53I"0$31/1/
U73#(I7ğ7&E58(#O$%&T53$>O$%&F05>$<O$&>(
F70()O$&U7J7&;0<(&>(&JG0U(0(3&7.(%&hhS&k$O5şL"/
<$31.1/1/&>(&9"4.$0&b5#$_C(3#(/&İ#2$3$453"
Ş$30<(/L7/&<$3I(ş7&50$/&M>".4"3O$&$3ş7I;<;
](3I7/$/ILI$&<$0I1S&9$/"/\&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/
İ.4$/J"0L$&IG/I;<4(/&.5/3$&8$3(<(4(&U(K(/
](3I7/$/I%&a3(..J"3ULI$&-.#$/010$3$&<$3.1
50$/&$.700(3I(/&4(ş(<<;0&(447370#7ş&J73&I7(4
#(B07.7&4520$O$3$<&<(/I7/7&T$B$37.4$/&>(
E58(#O$&<3$01&70$/&(4473I7S&E"&50$O%
T$B$37.4$/LI$&(U(#(/07<&7K7/&-.#$/01_
M>".4"3O$&3(<$J(47/7&J$ş0$441S&9$/"/\&F"04$/
F;0(O#$/%&T58$K&)$[(37&.5/3$.1/I$&[(48(I70(/
U(/7ş&T$B$3&4523$<0$31/1/&9"4.$0&b5#$_
C(3#(/&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&70(&J$ğ0$/4101&J73
8;<;#I$31/&(07/(&U(K#(.7/(&#;.$$I(
(I(#()I7S&E"&I"3"#%&JG0U(I(<7&U;K0(3
I(/U(.7/7/&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&$0(O87/(
J5)"0#$.1/$&O50&$K$J7073I7S

Mğ$J(O7&X$J.J"3U&İ#2$3$453"&Ş$30<(/L7/&I(
I(.4(ğ7/7&$0$/&](3I7/$/I%&-.#$/01&53I"."&U(37
IG/I;<4(/&.5/3$&.$0I131O$&U(K47&>(&'5<$j
#(OI$/&#"8$3(J(.7/I(&F)$250O$7LO7&O(/(3(<
E"I7/L7&(0(&U(K73I7S&k(87.4$/L$&<$K$/&F)$250O$7
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/I$/&O$3I1#&7.4(I7S
9$/"/\&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/&.([(3&8$)1301<0$31O0$
#(şU"0<(/%&T$B$37.4$/LI$/&[(48(I70(/
$3$)7/7/&U(37&>(370#(.7&<$3ş101ğ1/I$&J$31ş
O$2#$<&7.4(ğ7O0(&](3I7/$/IL7/&(0K70(37&U(0I7S
]$<$4&X$J.J"3U0$31&T$B$37.4$/LI$/&K1<$3#$<%
](3I7/$/IL$&UG)I$ğ1&>(3#(<%&X$J.J"3U
53I"."/"&O$<$0$O12&O5<&(4#(O7&$#$K0$O$/
9$/"/\&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/%&5&)$#$/1/&DI(40(37
U(3(ğ7&(0K70(37&4(><7[&(4473I7S&X$)1301<0$31/1
4$#$#0$I1<4$/&.5/3$&.(3J(.4&J13$<12&.$>$ş
7K7/&O50$&K1<41ğ1&8$J(37O0(&](3I7/$/IL$
UG/I(3I7S

*,&T$O1.&*f+@LI$&İ.4$/J"0LI$/&O50$&K1<$/
9$/"/7&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/&+,&X$)73$/LI$
F5[O$LO$&>(&*R&Mğ".45.LI$&T58$K&5>$.1/$
"0$ş41S&F)$250O$7&I(&:,,,&T$B$3&$.<(37&70(
53I"O$&<$410I1&>(&J"3$I$&2$I7ş$81/&(07/7&G24;S
HO0;0LI(&E"I7/L7&<"ş$4$/&9$/"/7&F"04$/
F;0(O#$/%&4(.07#&4(<07m/7/&3(II(I70#(.7
;)(37/(&ş7II(407&J73&#"8$.$3$&.$>$ş1/$
J$ş0$I1S&R&HO0;0LI(&E"I7/&<$0(.7/7/
<$210$31/I$/&J737&(0(&U(K737072&U(/(0&8;B"#
J$ş0$4101/B$%&;#74&<$0#$I1ğ1/1&$/0$O$/
#;IDm0(3%&8$O$40$31/$&I5<"/"0#$#$<&ş$341O0$
<$0(O7&4(.07#&(4470(3S&91.$&)$#$/I$&UG.4(370(/
J"&#">$q$<7O(4&<$3ş1.1/I$%&-.#$/01
8D<7#7O(47/(&I$8$&[$)0$&<$3ş1&I"3$#$O$B$ğ1/1
$/0$O$/&E5ğI$/&>5O>5I$.1&h`S&a(43"&b$3(ş&I(
53I"UD8$&U(0(3(<&J73&4DJ77O(4&$/40$ş#$.1
7#)$0$I1S&H0J$.$/&.$/B$<J(O7&X$.$/&E(OL7
E"I7/LI(&#"8$[1)&J13$<$/&9$/"/\%&*+&HO0;0LI(
T$B$3&4$84&ş(837/I(/&$O31012&`7O$/$&;)(37/(
O;3;I;S&E"&$3$I$&](3I7/$/IL7/&$I$#0$31
4$3$[1/I$/&<$K1310#$<&;)(3(O<(/&İ)>53/7<
.$/B$<J(O7&F"04$/)DI(&ED07&E(OL7/&(0(&U(K73I7ğ7
T$B$3&<3$07O(4&4$B1%&O(/7K(37&.(<J$/J$ş1.1
4$3$[1/I$/&F)$250O$7LO(&U7OI7370I7S&E"I7/
<$0(.7/7/&[(487/I(/&.5/3$&-.#$/01&53I"."
M>".4"3O$&;)(37/(&O;3;I;S&9$/"/7L/7/&(.$.
$#$B1&ş(837&[(48(4#(<&I(ğ70%&M>".4"3O$LO$
UG)I$ğ1&>(3#(<47S

9$/"/\&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/%&++&HO0;0LI(
M>".4"3O$&.1/131/1&U(K47S&H34(.7&U;/&ED07&E(OL7/
<$3I(ş7&F(#(/I73(&.$/B$<J(O7&F"04$/)DI(
T(8#(I&E(O%&M0#$/&G/B;&<">>(40(37/7/
J;O;<&J73&<1.#1/1&`7O$/$L/1/&5/&J(ş&<705#(43(
U;/(OI5ğ"."/I$<7&E3"B<&<$.$J$.1
O$<1/0$31/I$&7#8$&(447S&H.73&(I70(/&M0#$/
<">>(40(37&<5#"4$/1&!837.4528(&`5/&d(I074)&>(
$047&U(/(3$0&F"04$/L$&UG/I(370I7S&+e&HO0;0LI(
`7O$/$&G/0(37/(&U(0(/&-3I"_O"&8;#$O"/%
M>".4"3O$&M3ş7I;<0;ğ;L/;/&J$ş<(/47/7
#"8$.$3$O$&J$ş0$I1S

9$/"/\&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/%&*+,S,,,&N';3<0(37%
F1320$3%&b"#(/0(3P&<7ş707<&J73&53I"O0$&E"I7/LI(/
$O31012&`7O$/$&;)(37/(&O;3;I;ğ;&8$J(37
I"O"0"/B$%&.$I(B(&M>".4"3O$&>(&M0#$/O$LI$
I(ğ70%&J;4;/&M>3"2$LI$&J73&<53<"&J$ş0$#1ş%
-.#$/01&70(30(#(.7&<$3ş1.1/I$%&5&.13$I$&8$I
.$[8$I$&50$/&#()8(2&#;B$I(0(0(37&J70(&J73
4$3$[$&J13$<10$3$<%&`7O$/$LO$&O$3I1#&.([(37
J$ş0$410#1ş&>(&M>3"2$L/1/&8(3&O(37/I(/
#"84(07[&#700(40(3(&#(/."2&O$3I1#&<">>(47
U(0#(O(&J$ş0$#1ş41S&T"8D.$3$I$/&J73$)&(>>(0
J"&<">>(40(37/&J;O;<&J73&<1.#1&<$0(O(
O(30(ş#7ş47S&](3I7/$/I&ş(837&4(3<(I(3(<
<$K#1ş%&O(37/(&7847O$3&>(&4(B3;J(07&J73&$.<(3
50$/&95/4&l7B505.&`5/&F$0#L7&<$0(&<5#"4$/1
50$3$<&J13$<#1ş41S&T;ID[$$&8$)1301<0$31/$
J$ş0$O$/&95/4&F$0#&I(%&';3<&53I"."
U(0#(I(/&`7O$/$&O$<1/0$31/I$<7&#$8$00(0(37
4$#$#(/&O$<12&O1<#1ş%&J737/B7&7.478<D#
8$441/I$/&O73#7&$I7#&7K(3I(&7<7/B7&J73&7.478<D#
7/ş$&(4#7ş%&'"/$&.$8700(37/(&<$)1<0$3&I7<473(3(<
#;ID[$$&7K7/&U(3(<07&4(IJ730(37&$0#1ş41S
-.#$/01&8"#J$3$B10$31/1/&O$<1B1&4(.730(37/I(/
<53"/#$<&7K7/&(>0(37/&$8ş$2&K$410$31/1
O1<413#1ş%&452&U;00(0(37/7/&4(.737/7&$)$04#$<&7K7/
I(%&.5<$<0$31/&<$0I131#0$31/1&.G<4;3#;ş4;S
MO31B$&7<7&$O&O(4(B(<&<$I$3&(3)$<&4(#7/&(I72%
ş(873I(<7&.7>70&8$0<1&I1ş$31&K1<$3#1ş41S

9$/"/\&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/%&`7O$/$LO$&U(073<(/
87K&J73&)$#$/&<$0(O7&$0#$&U$O(.7/7&U;4#(#7ş%
7.4(I7ğ7&)$#$/&J"/"&U(3K(<0(ş473(J70(B(ğ7/7
UG.4(3(3(<&UG)&I$ğ1&>(3#(<&7.4(#7ş47S&r.4(07<
O(/7&[(48(I70#7ş&50$/&T$B$37.4$/LI$&7I$3(&4$#
50$3$<&O(30(ş7<07<&<$)$/#$I$/&`7O$/$L/1/&I$
$01/12&$.<(37/&K5<&U(/7ş&J73&$0$/$&O$O10#$.1%
.43$4(j7<&J$<1#I$/&8$4$01&50"3I"S&91ş1/
O$<0$ş#$.1/$&>(&<$0(&K(>3(.7/7/&O5ğ"/
O$ğ#"30$3&.(J(J7O0(&J$4$<01<&8D07/(&U(0#7ş
50#$.1/$&$0I13#$I$/&<$0(O7&<"ş$4#1ş41S

9$0(O7&#"8$.$3$O$&J$ş0$O$/&9$/"/\&F"04$/
F;0(O#$/%&5/&O(I7&U;/&J5O"/B$&IG>(3(<%
ş(837/&."30$31/1&7O7B(&4$8372&(4#7ş47S&E"&.13$I$
J73&-.#$/01&U;00(.7/7/&7.$J(47O0(&<$0(
<5#"4$/1&95/4&F$0#&I(&G0I;3;0#;ş4;S
E"/"/0$&J7307<4(&<"ş$4#$&")"O53Y&<1ş&$O0$31/1/
4$8372&(I7B7&(4<7.7&>(&J(<0(/(/&452
#;87##$41/1/&U(B7<#(.7&-.#$/01&53I"."&7K7/
<"ş$4#$&ş$340$31/1&)530$ş4131O53I"S&g(>3(I(/
$0I1ğ1&7.478J$3$40$3&.5/"/I$&`7O$/$LO$&O;)(007
<705#(43(&")$<4$<7&k7/)LI(&J73&M0#$/
53I"."/"/&4520$/I1ğ1&$/0$ş101/B$%&9$/"/\%
53I"O$&#"8$.$3$O1&<$0I13#$&(#37/7&>(3I7S
MO/1&)$#$/I$&K(ş7407&J(O0(3&<"#$/I$.1/I$<7
$<1/B1&<">>(40(37/7&$<1/$&UG/I(3(3(<%
M>".4"3O$%&C;/(O&M0#$/O$&NE$>O(3$P%
T53$>O$%&E58(#O$%&A"<$31&T$B$37.4$/
Nş7#I7<7&F05>$<O$P%&F70()O$&>(&F05>(/O$&U7J7
X$J.J"3UL0$3$&J$ğ01&;0<(0(3I(&.$0I1310$3
I;)(/0(447S&*:&H<7#LI(&`7O$/$&G/0(37/I(/
8$3(<(4&(I(/&53I"_O1&8;#DOs/%&+f&H<7#LI(
E"I7/L(%&*:&M3$01<L4$&I$&İ.4$/J"0L$&IG/I;S

*fQ+&M0#$/&F([(37%&9$/"/7L/7/&C3$)L1&[(487
*fQQ&-.#$/01&M0#$/O$&$3$.1/I$&İ.4$/J"0
M/40$ş#$.1
*fQQ_*fQV&E$3J$35.L"/&-.#$/01&87)#(47/(
U737ş7&>(&!()$O73&E(O0(3J(O07ğ7L/(&4$O7/7

9$/"/7L/7/&E$3J$35.&X$O3(447/&a$ş$LO1
X")"3"/$&9$J"0;

*fQV&-.#$/01_İ3$/&F$>$ş1L/7/&$K101ş1%&'(J37)L(
7<7/B7&I([$&U737ş&>(&E$ğI$4L1/&$01/1ş1
*fQV&Ş(O8;07.0$#&İJ/_7&9(#$0L7/&G0;#;
*fQf&'"/".L"/&<$OJ(I707ş7
*fQ:&]3$/.1)0$3$&<(/I7&J$O3$<0$31&70(&-.#$/01
07#$/0$31/I$&47B$3(4&8$<<1&>(3(/&$87I/$#(
>(370#(.7
*fQ:&`()737$)$#&İJ3$87#&a$ş$L/1/&7I$#1
*fQe&9G3.5[_M>05/O$&.([(37
*fQR&a3(>()(&d$[(37

*fQR&X$I1#&F;0(O#$/&a$ş$L/1/&X7/4&F([(37
*fV,&`(/(I7<&$87I/$#(.7/I(<7&9$3$I(/7)LI(
47B$3(4&7#47O$)1/1/&<$0I1310#$.1
*fV*&E"I7/L7/&<$47&50$3$<&708$<1&>(&J(O0(3J(O7ğ7
50#$.1
*fVQ&H.4(3U5/L"/&[(487%&E$3J$35.&X$O3(II7/
a$ş$L/1/&T$3.70O$LO$&K1<#$.1

H.4(3U5/&9$0(.7

*fVe&-.#$/01_X$J.J"3U&F"08;
*fVe&M>".4"3O$010$3L$&-.#$/01&4523$<0$31/I$
(#/&;&$#$/&;)(3(&47B$3(4&O$2#$&8$<<1/1/
4$/1/#$.1
*fVR&*fQV_*fff&-.#$/01_İ3$/&F$>$ş1
*ff,&F;0(O#$/7O(&9;007O(.7L/7/&7/ş$$.1
*ff*&'3$J0".U$3JL1/&[(487
*ffQ&a737&b(7.L7/&G0;#;
*ffQ&]3$/.$&70(&İ.4$/J"0&M/40$ş#$.1&>(
]3$/.$L/1/&M0#$/&4(8I7I7/(&<$3ş1&87#$O(
$041/$&$01/#$.1
*ffQ_*ffV&'"3U"4&b(7.L7/&M<I(/7)&.([(37%
953.7<$LO1&[(487
*ffQ_*ffV&l$8B1>$/&F([(37
*fff&İ0<&-.#$/01_İ3$/&$/40$ş#$.1?&M#$.O$
M/40$ş#$.1
*fff&9$/(#_E53/"&I(>0(47O0(&47B$3(4
$/40$ş#$.1
*ffe&=5<")"/B"&M<I(/7)&.([(37%&]$.L1/&[(487
*ff@&95/O$&F$>$ş1&>(&Ş(8)$I(&E$O()7IL7/
O(/70(3(<&İ3$/L$&.1ğ1/#$.1
*f:,&!(3J(L/7/&$01/1ş1
*f:+&-.#$/01&M0#$/O$&$3$.1/I$&*fVe
$/40$ş#$.1/1/&O(/70(/#(.7
*f:f&E$ş$31.1)&T$04$&<"ş$4#$.1
*f:f&*,,&I738(#&U;#;ş4(/&Vf,&$<K(
<(.70#(.7

F"04$/&hhSF(07#&N*f::_*feVP

*f::&9$/"/7&F"04$/&F;0(O#$/L1/&.5/&.([(37?
d7U(4>$3&F$>$ş1&>(&F"04$/1/&>([$41%&hhS&F(07#L7/
4$84$&U(K7ş7
*f:e&A(#(/&7.O$/1
*f:@&M.43$8$/&.([(37

*f:R&-.#$/01&>(&M0#$/O$&$3$.1/I$<7
$/40$ş#$/1/&4(<3$3&O(/70(/#(.7
*f:@&9$24$/&9"3I15ğ0"&X1)13&E(OL7/&F"#$43$
.([(37
*fe*&9131#&X$/1&hS=(>0(4&C73$OL1/&T5.<5>$LO1
[(487
*fe*&İ/(J$841&8()7#(47%&91J31.L1/&[(487S
*feQ&k(87.4$/L1/&87#$O(&$041/$&$01/1ş1
*feV&'"/".L"/&[(487

F"04$/&hhhST"3$I&N*feV_*f@fP
*feV&hhS&F(07#L7/&>([$41&>(&hhhS&T"3$IL1/&4$84$
U(K7ş7
*fef&hhSF(07#L7/&HI73/(LI(&T7#$3&F7/$/L$
O$2413I1ğ1&F(07#7O(&!$#7L/7/&4$#$#0$/#$.1
*fe:&9$/(#_E53/"&I(>0(47/7/&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/$&J$ğ0101ğ1/1&J70I73#(.7

9$/(#_E53/"&=(>0(47&X$374$.1

*fee&'$<7O;II7/L7/&UG)0(#0(37/(%&<1.#(/
4$#$#0$/$/&=$3"L3_b$.$I;L0_!(I7ILI(
Nİ.4$/J"0&b$.$48$/(.7P&I(>$#&(4#(.7
*feR&-.#$/01_İ3$/&F$>$ş1L/1/&J$ş0$#$.1
*feR&`$I7L;._.(O0&F$>$ş1&>(&]$.L1/&87#$O(
$041/$&$01/#$.1

`$I7L;._.(O0&F$>$ş1

M[37<$&<14L$.1/1/&J;4;/&<")(O&<1.1#0$31&-.#$/01
8D<7#7O(47/I(&J"0"/#$.1/$&3$ğ#(/&.$I(B(
]$.&F"04D/01ğ1&#;.4$<70&J73&I(>0(4&8$07/I(
J"0"/"O53I"S&M/B$<&.5/&O100$3I$&]$.L4$&4$K&>(
4$84&<$>U$0$31&J$ş&UG.4(3#7ş47S&]$.&F"04D/1
T(>0DO&T"8$##(I%&a534(<7)070(30(&7şJ7307ğ7/(
J$ş0$#1ş&J"0"/"O53I"S&E"/$&<$3ş101<&]$.
4$841/1&(0(&U(K73(#(O(/&MJI;0#(07<%
-.#$/010$3$&.1ğ1/12%&<(/I7.7/7/&]$.
F"04D/01ğ1/$&U(47370#(.7/7&7.4(#7ş47S&İ.4(ğ7&<$J"0
(I70(3(<&!()$O73&E(O0(3J(O7&b$#$)$/&a$ş$LO$
(#73&>(370I7S&]$.&53I"."&#$ğ0s2&(I70(3(<
MJI;0#(07<%&]$.&F"04D/01ğ1/$&U(47370I7&N*fe:PS
E"&4$3784(/&.5/3$&]$.L4$&-.#$/01&8D<7#7O(47
J$ş0$I1S&E"&.13$I$&.$04$/$4&7II7$.1/I$/
>$)U(K#(O(/&T(>0DO&T"8$##(I
a534(<7)070(3I(/&O$3I1#&7.4(I7S&a534(<7)&93$01
F(J$.47$/&R,&J7/&<7ş707<&J;O;<&J73&<">>(40(
]$.L$&U(0I7S&b$#$)$/&a$ş$&7I$3(.7/I(&-.#$/01
>(&]$.&<">>(40(37&*feR&O$)1/I$&a534(<7)070(37
`$I7L._.(J70&F$>$ş1L/I$&[(/$&8$0I(&J5)U"/$
"ğ3$4410$3S&93$0&F(J$.47$/%&#"8$3(J(
#(OI$/1/I$&G0I;S

*fe@&X$)$3&=(/7)7L/I(&-.#$/01&I(/7)
<">>(40(37/7/&<"3"0"ş"
*fR,&İ0<&İ/U707)&$87I/$#(.7/7/&>(3707ş7
*fR,&İ.4$/J"0&b$.$48$/(.7L/7/&I5/$/#$O0$
452$&4"4"0$3$<&O1<41310#$.1&N++&-B$<P
*fR*&T$.<$4L1/&[(487
*fRQ&!7)>740(37/&C$0$4$LI$<7&F$7/4&E(/574
9707.(.7L/(&O(30(ş(3(<&J"3$I$&F4S&E(/574
#(<4(J7/7&$K#$0$31&N*R&9$.1#P
*fRQ&T(ş$0(0(3&F$>$ş1

T(ş$0(0(3&F$>$ş1

-.#$/01&53I"."&U(B(0(37&I(&.;3(/&.$>$ş4$
J7/0(3B(&#(ş$0(&O$<41ğ1&7K7/&WT(ş$0(0(3&F$>$ş1Z
$I1&>(370#7ş473S&Q&U;/%&Q&U(B(&.;3I;S&H37>$/
I$870&J;4;/&H3#(/7.4$/&(0(&U(K7370I7S

E(ş&O10&.;3(/&J;O;<&9$[<$.&.([(37/I(&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&4523$<0$31&4$#&Q,,&J7/
<705#(43(<$3(&J;O;#;ş4;S&NE"&3$<$#%
O$<0$ş1<&50$3$<&J"U;/<;&';3<7O(&4523$<0$31/1/
O$31.1/$&4(<$J;0&(I(3SP&+R&X$)73$/&*fRVL4(
İ.4$/J"0L$&IG/I;S&T"84(ş(#&J73&<$3ş10$#$
4G3(/7&I;)(/0(/I7S&X")"3$&<$J"0&(I70I7S
a$I7ş$8&J"&J;O;<&.(3I$31/&54"3#$.1/1&7.4(I7S
M/B$<&-.#$/&a$ş$%&(I(J7/I(/&54"3$#$I1S
M/B$<&IG3I;/B;&I([$&1.3$3&(I707/B(&54"3$J70I7S

*fRf&'(J37)L7/&$01/1ş1
*fRf&hS&T5#J$.$&.([(37&N9(/O$P%&-.#$/01
/;[")"/"/&F5[$0$&NT5)$#J7<PLO$&>$3#$.1
*fR:&İ0<&F7<<(&4$.8787
*fRR&C(/B(&.([(37
*fRR&b(.#_7&4$.878_7&.7<<(&<5/"0#$.1
*fR@&İ<7/B7&.7<<(&4$.8787
*fR@&hhS&T5#J$.$&.([(37&N9(/O$P
*f@,&](38$4&a$ş$&M/40$ş#$.1Y&-.#$/01L/1/
I5ğ"I$&(/&U(/7ş&.1/130$3$&"0$ş#$.1
*f@,&A(/7K(370(37/&(4&7847O$K0$31/1&<$3ş10$#$<
;)(3(&U;#3;<&3(.#7/(&W)$3$3_1&<$..$J7O(Z
$I1O0${&|*&53$/1/I$&70$>(&O$210#$.1
*f@+&k(87.4$/L1/&-.#$/01&87#$O(.7/I(/&K1<1ş1
*f@Q&-.#$/01_M>".4"3O$&.$>$ş1L/1/&J$ş0$#$.1
*f@f&H.4(3U5/L"/&I;ş;ş;

F"04$/&hhhST(8#(I&N*f@f_*:,QP

*f@f&hhhS&T"3$IL1/&>([$41%&hhhS&T(8#(4L7/&4$84$
U(K7ş7
*f@:&Hğ37&9$0(.7L/7/&$01/1ş1&>(&X$K5>$&F$>$ş1
*:,,&F7<<(&4$.8787
*:,*&9$/7j(&F$>$ş1
*:,*&İ/U707)&4;BB$31/1/&GI(O(B(ğ7&U;#3;<
3(.#7/7/&|QL(&7/I7370(B(ğ7/7/&$87I/$#(O(
I(3B7
*:,Q&-.#$/1_İ3$/&F$>$ş1L/1/&J$ş0$#$.1

F"04$/&hSM8#(I&N*:,Q_*:*eP

*:,Q&hhhS&T(8#(IL7/&>([$41%&hS&M8#(IL7/&4$84$
U(K7ş7
*:*+&-.#$/01_İ3$/&M/40$ş#$.1
*:*f&b(>$/&F([(37
*:*e&İ3$/&F$>$ş1L/1/&O(/7I(/&J$ş0$#$.1
*:*e&hS&T".4$[$L/1/&4$84$&U(K7ş7
*:*e&İ.4$/J"0LI$&T(8#(I&Mğ$&4$3$[1/I$/
F"04$/&M8#(I&!$#77L/7/&7/ş$.1

F"04$/&hhS-.#$/&N*:*R_*:++P

*:*R&hS&T".4$[$L/1/&8$0L7&NQ&$O&4$844$&<$0#1ş413P
>(&hhS&-.#$/L1/&4$84$&U(K7ş7
*:*R&F7<<(&4$.8787
*:*R&İ3$/&70(&F(3$>&M/40$ş#$.1
*:+*&hhS&-.#$/L1/&k(87.4$/&.([(37/(&K1<1ş1
NX547/&.([(37P

F"04$/&hST".4$[$&N*:++_*:+QP

*:++&hhS-.#$/L1/&<$407&>(&hS&T".4$[$L/1/
O(/7I(/&4$84$&K1<1ş1
*:++&İ3$/&70(&.$>$ş1/&O(/7I(/&J$ş0$#$.1

F"04$/&h`ST"3$I&N*:+Q_*:V,P

*:+Q&hS&T".4$[$L/1/&4$844$/&7/I737072&h`S
T"3$IL1/&4$84$&K1<1ş1
*:+V&F7<<(&4$.8787
*:QV&İ0<&Ş(O8;07.0$#&<$407&NM87)$I(&X;.(O7/
H[(/I7P
*:Qf&h`S&T"3$IL1/&b(>$/&.([(37/(&K1<1ş1
*:QR&E$ğI$4&F([(37&>(&E$ğI$4L1/&$01/1ş1
*:Q@&-.#$/01_İ3$/&."08;?&9$.3_1&Ş737/
M/40$ş#$.1

F"04$/&İJ3$87#&N*:V,_*:VRP

*:V,&h`S&T"3$IL1/&G0;#;%&hS&İJ3$87#L7/&4$84$
K1<1ş1%&.7<<(&4$.8787
*:Vf&C7374&.([(37/7/&$K101ş1%&X$/O$L/1/&$01/1ş1

F"04$/&h`ST(8#(I&NM>B1P&N*:VR_*:ReP

*:VR&hS&İJ3$87#L7/&8$0L7%&h`S&T(8#(IL7/&4$84$
K1<1ş1
*:VR&9$/I7O(&<"ş$4#$.1
*:f:&g$/$<<$0(&E5ğ$)1L/1/&`(/(I7<&$J0"<$.1
$041/$&$01/#$.1
*:f:&g1/$3&`$<L$.1
*:f:&9G23;0;0(3&I(>37/7/&J$ş0$#$.1
*::,&`$3$I&9$0(.7L/7/&$01/1ş1
*::Q&^O>$3&9$0(.7L/7/&[(487
*::V&F4S&C5448$3I&F$>$ş1&>(&`$.>$3&M/40$ş#$.1
*::@&9$/I7O(L/7/&$01/1ş1%&C7374L7/&4$#$#1O0$
-.#$/01&8$<7#7O(47/(&U737ş7
*:e+&k(87.4$/&.([(37%&9$#$/7K(L/7/&$01/1ş1
*:e+&E"B$ş&M/40$ş#$.1
*:eQ&]3$/.1)&4;BB$31/1/&GI(I7ğ7&U;#3;<
3(.#7/7/&|QL(&7/I7370#(.7
*:e:&-.#$/01_k(87.4$/&."08;?&d53$y/$
M/40$ş#$.1
*:eR&^<3$O/$LI$&g(837/&.([(37
*:R+&-.#$/01_b".&M/40$ş#$.1
*:RQ&hhS&`7O$/$&9"ş$4#$.1%&2(ş7/I(/
!7ğ(3I(0(/&F$>$ş1&>(&-.#$/01_9"4.$0&İ447[$<
F$>$ş0$31

hhS`7O$/$&9"ş$4#$.1

hhS&`7O$/$&9"ş$4#$.1%&*:RQ&O101/I$&h`S&T(8#(4
I(>37/I(&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&`7O$/$LO1
<"ş$4#$.1&70(&U(3K(<0(ş47S&*eS&O;)O10I$&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&70(&M>".4"3O$&$3$.1/I$&O$210$/
.$>$ş0$31/&(/&")"/&.;3(/7&J"&<"ş$4#$&70(
J$ş0$I1S

M>".4"3O$%&OG/(47#7&$041/I$<7&T$B$30$3$&7O7
I$>3$/#1O53%&5/0$31&$ğ13&>(3U70(30(&()7O53I"S
MO31B$&#()8(2&8;337O(47&I(&4$/1#1O53I"S
T$B$30$3%&J$.<10$3$&I$8$&[$)0$&I$O$/$#$O1/B$
'G<(07&İ#3(L/7/&J$ş<$/01ğ1/I$&$O$<0$/I10$3S
9(/I7&U;K0(37O0(&J$ş$3101&50$#$O$B$<0$31/1
$/0$I1<0$31/I$/&-.#$/010$3I$/&O$3I1#
7.4(I70(3S&a50747<&/(I(/0(3I(/&I50$O1&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&")"/&O100$3I13&T$B$37.4$/LI$&>(
M>".4"3O$LI$&9$4507<&50#$O$/&$)1/01ğ$
O$3I1#I$&J"0"/"O53I"S-.#$/010$3&)$4(/
'G<(07&İ#3(LO7&O"<$31&T$B$37.4$/L1/&<3$01&50$3$<
4$/1O530$3I1S&X(/;)&<"ş$4#$I$/&G/B(
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&>(&X$J.J"3U&$3$.1/I$
`$.>$3&E$31ş1L/1/&J73&.5/"B"&50$3$<&O73#7&O1001<
J73&.G)0(ş#(.7&>$3I1S

*:R*&>(&*:R+LI(&'G<(07&İ#3(&70(&X$J.J"3UL0$3
$3$.1/I$<7&.1/13&K$41ş#$.1&ş7II(47/7
$3413I1SX$J.J"3U&<">>(40(37/7/&#(3<()7
T$B$37.4$/&7K0(37/(&4(B$>;)&(4#(0(37%
F$I3$)$#&T(3)7[5/0"&9$3$&T".4$[$&a$ş$LO$
-.#$/01&53I"."/"&.([(3(&K1<$3#$<&7K7/
h`ST(8#(4&>(&I7>$/1/1&7</$&(4#(<&7K7/&G/(#07
J73&U(3(<K(&50I"S&h`ST(8#(4%&9$3$&T".4$[$
a$ş$LO1&A$/1<<$0(LO(&50I"ğ"&<$I$3&>(&95#$3$/
<$0(0(37/(&N7<7.7&I(&9")(OJ$41&T$B$37.4$/LI$P
52(3$.O5/&O$2#$O$&>(&5/0$31&<"ş$4#$O$&7)7/
>(3I7S-.#$/01&53I"."&+*&-B$<&*:R+&I(
.([(3J(3&(I70I7&>(&:&Mğ".45.&*:R+&I(&.$>$ş
70$/&(I70I7S

`7O$/$%&=5ğ"&M<I(/7)_M0#$/O$&47B$3(4&O50"
;)(37/I(&50"ş"%&'"/$&;)(37/I(&7K&<5/4350
/5<4$.1&50#$.1&U7J7&/(I(/0(3&O;);/I(/
-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&.43$4(j7<
8(I(i(37/7/&4$#&534$.1/I$OI1S&9"ş$4#$&7K7/
J;O;<&8$)1301<0$3&O$210I1Y&M>".4"3O$&tO$&>(
05j7.47<&#(3<()0(3(&U7I(/&O500$3&4$#73&(I70I7&>(
O(/70(37&7/ş$&(I70I7S!(28$/(%&#;87##$4%&452
>(&I7ğ(3&<$O/$<0$3&7#2$3$4530"ğ"/&8(3
O$/1/I$/&J"&05j7.47<&#(3<()0(3(&>(
E$0<$/0$3L1/&7K0(37/(&UGI(370#(.7&O$210I1S

k5j7.47<&)$#$/1%&Mğ".45.&>(&HO0;0&*:R+&I(&J73
7.470$O$&J$ş0$#$/1/&#;#<;/&50#$I1ğ1/1&7[$I(
(I7O53I"S&rK&$O01<&J73&.([(3I(&-.#$/010$3&<1ş1/
`7O$/$LI$&50$B$<0$3I1S&M#$&.([(37/&J$ş0$#$.1
>(&8$)130$/#$.1&7K7/&U(3(<(/&*f&$O01<&J73
.;3(I(&I(&X$J.J"3U0$3&8$)130$/B$<&>(&I7ğ(3
M>3"2$&<3$001<0$31/$&O$3I1#&7K7/
J$ş>"3$B$<0$3I1S&l74(<7#&<1ş&.;3(.7/I(
X$J.U"3UL0"0$3&>(&k(87.4$/&J73&$/40$ş#$
7#)$0$I10$3S&M/40$ş#$O$&UG3(&-.#$/010$3
93$<5yL$&.$0I13130$3.$&X$J.J"3U&<">>(40(37
a505/O$LO$&O$3I1#$&U(0(B(<47%&<$3ş101<&50$3$<
I$&k(8&53I"."&`7O$/$LO$&J73&.$0I131&50"3.$
O$3I1#$&U(0(B(<47S

İ0<J$8$3I$&T$O1.L1/&(3<(/&)$#$/1/I$&-.#$/01
53I"."&E(0U3$IL&$&"0$ş41S=$8$&.5/3$&`7O$/$
ş(837/(&I5ğ3"&8$3(<(4&(447S&e&'(##")LI$
V,S,,,&'$4$3&<">>(47&`7O$/$L/1/&V,&<#
I5ğ"."/$&>$3I1S&9"ş$4#$&.;3(.7/B(&X$J.J"3U
7#2$3$453"&hS&k(5250I&R,&J7/&`7O$/$01&70(
ş(873I(/&<$K41&>(&k7/)L(&O(30(ş47S&k(87.4$/&<3$01
F5J7(.<7&I(&*:RQ&O$)1/I$&$/40$ş#$I$<7
O;<;#0;0;ğ;/;&O(37/(&U(473#(<&7K7/&J73
O$3I1#&.(><7O$41&8$)1301O53I"S

-.#$/01&53I"."&*V&'(##")LI$&`7O$/$LO1
<"ş$441SM34$<$0$/&**S,,,&$.<(37/%&fS,,,&.7>70&>(
UG/;00;/;/&07I(37&C3$[&H3/.4&b;I7U(3&>5/
F4$38(#J(3U&4(.07#&50#$O1&3(II(I7O53I"S
`7O$/$01L0$3&ş(837/&(43$[1/I$<7&(>0(37&>(
I">$30$31&4$8372&(4470(3%O1<1/410$31&4(#7)0(I70(3
>(&J5ş&J73&$0$/&J13$<410$3S9$3$&T".4$[$&a$ş$
J"&235J0(#7&<">>(40(37/(&ş(83(&I5ğ3"B$&U7I(/
8(/I(<&<$)#$0$31/1&(#3(I(3(<&KG)I;S

'(#(0&KG<(34#(I(&-.#$/010$3&J$3"4"
<"00$/#$I$&".4$&7I70(3S&k$ğ1#B10$3&ş(873
I">$30$31&$041/I$&4;/(00(3&<$)12%&."30$31/&$041/$
I7/$#74&O(30(ş473(3(<&<53"/$<0$31
KG<(347O53I"S&-.#$/010$3&)$#$/1&8(.$J$
$0#$I10$3%&#$#$m8&)$#$/&5/0$31/&4$3$[1/I$
I(ğ70I7SE"&/5<4$I$<7&U(>ş(<07<0(37%.$>$ş1/
70$/1/I$/&.5/3$&53I"0$31/1&<5#J7/(&(I72
70(30(#(#(0(37Y&O$3I1#&<">>(40(37/7/
"0$ş#$.1/$&7)7/&>(3I7S'$378K70(3&9$3$&T".4$[$
a$ş$L/1/&ş(837&)(/U7/07<0(37&>(&J5)"0#$#1ş
8$07O0(&(0(&U(K73#(<&7.4(I7ğ7/7&.GO0(30(3S

`7O$/$LO$&7.(&8(3&$/0$#I$&O7O(B(<&I(.4(ğ7
<(.70#7ş47S&C$3/7)5/&>(&.7>70&UG/;00;0(3&$ş131
<$O120$3$&<$40$/1O53I"S&91ş0$&87)#(47&GO0(&J73
235J0(#&8$07/(&U(0I7&<7&C3$[&H3/.4&b"I7U(3&>5/
F4$38$#J(3U&8(38$/U7&J73&$.<(3&/GJ(44(
"O<"I$&J"0"/"3.$&G0I;3;0(B(ğ7&(#37/7
>(3I7Sr#74.7)07<&U7447<K(&$341O53I"SE"&.13$I$
k533$7/(&I;<;&`S&!8$30(.&<5#"4$.1&$041/I$
50$/&7#2$3$4530"<&<">>(40(37%&T$B$3&'G<(07
İ#3(&70(&`7O$/$L/1/&f&<#&<")(OI5ğ"."/I$%
E7.$#J(3ULI(&K$321ş1O530$3I1S

`7O$/$&J5)U"/"/"/&.53"#0"0"ğ"/"&4$ş1O$/
T(3)7[5/0"&9$3$&T".4$[$&a$ş$&E(0U3$ILI$
7I$#&(I70I7S&a$I7ş$8&I$8$&.5/3$&I;ş;/;2
O$2#1ş&50I"ğ"&J$ş$3101&87)#(40(3I(/&I50$O1
9$3$&T".4$[$&a$ş$L/1/&J$ş1/1/&<(.70#(.7/7&U(37
$0#$<&7.4(#7ş&>(&7<7/B7&J73&(#730(&$q(I70#(.7/7
(#3(4#7ş473S&]$<$4&7<7/B7&(#73&"0$ş$/$&<$I$3
UG3(>&>(370(/&"0$<0$3&2$ş$O1&7I$#&(4#7ş0(3I7S
9(.7072&UG#;0(/&J$ş1/1/&;)(37/(&.(/U_7&7J3(4
N7J3(4&4$ş1P&<5/"0I"S

-.#$/01/1/&J"&8()7#(47&M>3"2$LI$&J;O;<
.(>7/K0(&<$3ş10$/I1S&M341<&-.#$/010$31/
O(/70#()&50#$I1<0$31/1&UG3(/&M>3"2$%&<$3ş1
8;B"#$&<$0<#$O$&J$ş0$I1S&a.7<505j7<&.$>$ş
50$3$<&4$&-.#$/01&;)(37/I(&J;O;<&J73&<$O12%
M>3"2$010$3I$&7.(&J;O;<&J73&<$)$/K&50$3$<
I(ğ(30(/I7370I7S&E"&.$>$ş&.5/"B"/I$
-.#$/01/1/&U(370(#(&I(>37/(&U73I7ğ7&<$J"0
(I70#(<4(I73S&9"ş$4#$&.5/3$.1&<"3"0$/&9"4.$0
İ447[$<&-.#$/01_9"4.$0&İ447[$<&F$>$ş0$31L/$
/(I(/&50I"S

';3<0(37/&`7O$/$LI$/&=G/;ş;/;/&Q,,SO101
A$)1.1&M>".4"3O$

*:Rf&^O>$3L1/&(0I(/&K1<1ş1
*:Rf&F$3$OI$<7&$041/&>(&U;#;ş4(/&.7<<(
J$.1#1
*:R:&E"I7/L7/&I;ş;ş;S

F"04$/&hhSF;0(O#$/&N*:Re_*:@*P

*:Re&h`S&T(8#(IL7/&4$844$/&7/I7370#(.7%&hhS
F;0(O#$/L1/&4$84$&K1<1ş1
*:Re&Hğ37&9$0(.7L/7/&I;ş;ş;
*:Re&İ<7/B7&T58$K&F$>$ş1
*:Re&E73&$<K(&747J$31&I(ğ(307&W#$/<"3Z&"/
27O$.$O$&K1<$310#$.1
*:RR&E(0U3$IL1/&(0I(/&K1<1ş1
*:@,&9$/7j(&9$0(.7L/7/&I;ş;ş;
*:@,&E(0U3$IL1/&U(37&$01/1ş1
*:@,&]3$/.1)0$31/&T1.13LI$&GI(I7ğ7&U;#3;<
3(.#7/7/&|Q&50$3$<&4(.J747

F"04$/&hhSM8#(I&N*:@*_*:@fP

*:@*&hhS&M8#(IL7/&4$84$&K1<1ş1
*:@*&F$0$/<$#(/&F$>$ş1

F$0$/<$#(/&F$>$ş1

F$0$/<$#(/&F$>$ş1&-.#$/01&53I"."&70(
X$J.J"3U&-3I"."&$3$.1/I$&*@&Mğ".45.&*:@*
U;/;&#(OI$/$&U(0(/&>(&9"4.$0&İ447[$<
F$>$ş0$31L/1/&2$3K$.1&50$/&J73&.$>$ş413S

]$)10&T".4$[$&a$ş$&<5#"4$.1/I$<7&-.#$/01
53I"."&'7.)$&13#$ğ1/1/&'"/$&70(&<$31ş41ğ1&O(3I(
M>".4"3O$&53I"."&70(&<$3ş10$ş41S&M>".4"3O$
53I"."&$4(ş&U;B;&O;<.(<&27O$I(&>(&.$83$
4520$31/$&.$872<(/&-.#$/01&53I"."&.$O1
J$<1#1/I$/&;.4;/I;S&E"&$3$I$&9131#&X$/1L/1/
53I"."&I$&-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&O$/1/I$
.$>$ş#$<&7K7/&70(307O53I"S

]$)10&T".4$[$&a$ş$&;.4&I;)(O&<5#"4$/0$31/1/
I$&.G);/;&I7/0(O(3(<&9131#&'$4$3&53I"."/"&>(
O$3I1#B1&<">>(40(37&J(<0(#(I(/&.$0I131O$
U(K47S
F$0$/<$#(/&F$>$ş1L/1/&$/1.1/$&.$>$ş&O(37/(
I7<70#7ş&$/14S

g5<&O5ğ"/&K$321ş#$0$3&.5/"B"&M>".4"3O$
53I"."/I$&70<&I$ğ10#$0$3&J$ş0$I1S&-.#$/01
<">>(40(37&'"/$LI$&(0(&U(K73I7<0(37&R,,&<$O1<
I50"."&I;ş#$/&(3)$ğ1/1&O$<#1ş41S&M>".4"3O$
53I"."&.5/&J;O;<&4$$33")$&U(K#(O(&<$0<41&>(
Q,&J7/&$.<(30(&-.#$/01&$/$&8$441/$&.$0I13I1S

E"&K$41ş#$&I(/U(&8$07/I(&I(>$#&(I(3<(/
9G23;0;&]$)10&T".4$[$&a$ş$L/1/&$0/1/$&J73
<"3ş"/"/&7.$J(4&(I72&a$ş$L/1/&ş(874&50#$.1
-.#$/01&8$40$31/1/&KG);0#(.7/(&O50&$K41S
-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&J5B$0$I1ğ1/1&UG3(/
X$J.J"3U&<">>(40(37&4$#&4$$33")$&U(K470(3S
9131#&X$/1&.$>$ş&O(37/(&U(0I7ğ7/I(&I$ğ10#1ş
-.#$/01&53I"."O0$&<$3ş10$ş41S

F"04$/&hhST".4$[$&N*:@f_*e,QP

*:@f&hhS&M8#(IL7/&G0;#;&>(&hhS&T".4$[$L/1/
4$84$&K1<1ş1
*:@e&d(/4$&F$>$ş1

d(/4$&F$>$ş1

d(/4$&F$>$ş1&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&70(
M>".4"3O$&53I"0$31&$3$.1/I$%&**&HO0;0&*:@eLI(%
'7.$&h3#$ğ1&<1O1.1/I$<7&d(/4$LI$&O$210$/&>(
-.#$/010$31/&J;O;<&O(/70U7.7O0(&.5/"K0$/$/
.$>$ş413S&-.#$/01_9"4.$0&İ447[$<&F$>$ş0$31L/1/
.5/&G/(#07&K$321ş#$.1&50$/&J"&.$>$ş1/
$3I1/I$/&*:@@LI$&9$305[K$&M/40$ş#$.1
7#)$0$/#1ş413S

*:@R&Ş(83(#7/7&E$3"48$/(.7&O$/U1/1
*:@@&9$305[K$&M/40$ş#$.1L/1/&7#)$0$/#$.1&N+:
-B$<P
*e,,&b".0$3L0$&İ.4$/J"0&M/40$ş#$.1L/1/
7#)$0$/#$.1
*e,+&İ.<(/I(3&g(0(J7&E$8K(.7L/I(<7&NJ"U;/<;
M4$<GOP&O(/7&J$3"48$/(/7/&[$$07O(4(&U(K#(.7
*e,Q&HI73/(&`$<L$.1

F"04$/&hhhSM8#(I&N*e,Q_*eQ,P

*e,Q&hhhS&M8#(IL7/&4$84$&K1<1ş1
*e,Q&W'"ğ3$01Z&$041/&2$3$/1/&27O$.$O$
K1<$310#$.1
*e**&a3"4&F$>$ş1&>(&E$31ş1

a3"4&F$>$ş1

a3"4&F$>$ş1%&N*e*,_*e**P&b".O$LO0$&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&$3$.1/I$&O$210#1ş&J73&.$>$ş413S
b".O$%&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&70(
#;B$I(0(.7/I(&<(/I7&0(87/(&J73&)(#7/
O$3$4#$<&7.47O53I"S&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"
7K7/I(&O$ş$O$/&-345I5<.&4520"#0$31
<1ş<134$3$<&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"
)$O1i$4$B$<&>(&O$2$B$ğ1&.$>$ş0$3I$&I$8$&G/B(
<$OJ(447ğ7&4523$<0$31&U(37&$0$B$<41S&Hi$<&>(
E5ğI$/&E(O0(37/7&-.#$/010$3$&<$3ş1&<1ş<134$/
b".&g$31&hS&a(435%&a5045>$&F$>$ş1L/I$&İ.>(K&93$01
}hhS&9$30L1&NW=(#73J$ş&Ş$30ZP&O(/7/B(%&=(#73J$ş
Ş$30&-.#$/010$3$&.1ğ1/I1S&İ.>(K&93$01/1
<5>$0$O$/&b".&J7307<0(37/7/&-.#$/01
4523$<0$31/$&$<1/0$3&I;)(/0(#(.7&;)(37/(&>(
E(/I(3LI(&#;04(B7&J"0"/$/&=(#73J$ş&Ş$30L1/
İ.4$/J"0L$&O$)I1ğ1&#(<4"20$30$&b".O$&$0(O87/(
O$241ğ1&<1ş<134#$/1/&(4<7.7&70(&F"04$/&hhhS&M8#(I
b".O$LO$&<$3ş1&.$>$ş&70$/&(447&N*e**PS

F$I3$)$#01ğ$&U(47370(/&E$04$B1&T(8#(4&a$ş$%
+,,S,,,&<7ş707<&J73&53I"O0$&'"/$LO1&U(K(3(<
Hi$<L$&U73(3<(/%&-.#$/01&I5/$/#$.1&I$
9$3$I(/7)L(&$K10I1S&-.#$/01&<">>(40(37%&9131#
-3I"."/"/&I$&I(.4(ğ7&70(&b".&J7307<0(37/7&a3"4
l(837&<1O1.1/I$&F4$/70(ş47&<$.$J$.1&O$<1/1/I$
K(#J(3&7K7/(&$0I10$3S&-&$/&7K7/&<"34"0"ş&7#<D/1
J"0"/#$O$/&b".&g$31&=(07&a(435%&T5.<5>$LO$
J73&#(<4"2&O$)$3$<&I"3"#"/&)530"ğ"/"&>(
;#74.7)07ğ7/7&$/0$441S&g$37K(&hS&9$4(37/$&$3$O$
U73(3(<&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/$&J$31ş
4(<07m/I(&J"0"/I"S&X(#&9131#&X$/1%&8(#&I(
İ.>(K&93$01&.$0I131O$&U(K7072&b".&53I"."/"/&O5<
(I70#(.7/7&.$>"/"O530$3I1S&M/B$<&E$04$B1
T(8#(4&a$ş$%&=(07&a(435L/"/&53I"."/"/
(43$[1/1&.$3#1ş<(/%&g$37K(&E737/B7&9$4(37/$L/1/
$3$O$&U73#(.7&;)(37/(&>(O$&7.O$/&J(073470(37
UG.4(3(/&A(/7K(370(3(&U;>(/#(#(.7&/(I(/7O0(
J$31ş1&<$J"0&(4#7ş473S&++&'(##")&*e**LI(
4$3$i$3&$3$.1/I$&J73&$/40$ş#$&O$210#1ş413S
M/40$ş#$/1/&7#)$0$/#$.1/I$/&F"04$/&hhhS
M8#(I&I(&#(#/"/&50#"ş4"S&M/B$<
53I"."/"&#"8$.$3$I$/&<"34$3$/&g$3&hS
a(435L/"/%&>$$40(37/7&O(37/(&U(473#(#(.7%
.$I3$)$#$&<$3ş1&İ.4$/J"0LI$&J73&#"8$0([(4
U3"J"/"/&50"ş#$.1/$&O50&$K41S&E$04$B1&70(
9$4(37/$&$3$.1/I$&/(&4;3&J73&707ş<7&<"3"0I"ğ"/$
I$73&)$#$/&7K7/I(&U(/7ş&<$2.$#01&.GO0(/470(3%
4$341ş#$0$3&>(&074(3$4;3&50"ş#"ş4"3S&M/B$<
J707#.(0&$/0$#I$&O$210$/&$3$ş413#$0$31/%&a3"4
F$>$ş1&.13$.1/I$&E$04$B1&70(&9$4(37/$&$3$.1/I$
J73&J"0"ş#$/1/&U(3K(<0(ş#(I7ğ7/7&534$O$
<5OI"ğ"&.GO0(/#(<4(I73S

9"ş$4#$&.13$.1/I$&O(/7&J73&<"4.$0&7447[$<1/
50"ş4"3"0$J70(B(ğ7&I;ş;/B(.7/(&.$872&50$/&>(
-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&K5<&O123$/$B$ğ1
(/I7ş(.7/7&4$ş1O$/&E$04$B1&T(8#(4&a$ş$&J$31ş
O$210#$.1/1&<$J"0&(447&N+*&'(##")&*e**PS
İ#)$0$/$/&a3"4&M/40$ş#$.1&70(&M)$<&<$0(.7
-.#$/010$3$&U(37&>(370I7S&b".0$3%&İ.4$/J"0LI$
I(>$#01&J73&(0K7&J"0"/I"3#$O$B$<&>(&İ.>(K
93$01&Ş$30L1/&.(3J(.4K(&;0<(.7/(&IG/#(.7/(&7)7/
>(3(B(<0(3I7S-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&J"
$/40$ş#$I$/&O(4(37/B(&[$OI$0$/$#$#1ş413S

*e*f&`(/(I7<&70(&.$>$ş&>(&T53$&F([(37
*e*R&a$.$35[K$&M/40$ş#$.1Y&kD0(&=(>37L/7/
E$ş0$/U1B1

kD0(&=(>37

kD0(&=(>37%&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/I$%&*e*R
O101/I$&M>".4"3O$&70(&7#)$0$/$/&a$.$35[K$
M/40$ş#$.1&70(&J$ş0$O12%&*eQ,&O101/I$<7&a$435/$
X$070&İ.O$/1&70(&.5/$&(3(/&IG/(#I73S&E"
IG/(#7/&2$I7ş$81&hhhS&M8#(4%&.$I3$)$#1
l(>ş(87307&=$#$4&İJ3$87#&a$ş$LI13S&d(><&>(
.([D&I(>37&50$3$<&J707/73S&MI1/1%&5&IG/(#I(
İ.4$/J"0LI$&O(47ş47370(/&>(&)$#$/0$&;/;
I;/O$O$&O$O10$/&0$0(&K7K(<0(37/I(/&$013SE"
IG/(#&U(370(#(&IG/(#7/(&I$870&50#$<4$I13S
l(I7#%&kD0(&=(>37L/7/&U;/0;<&8$O$41/1&>(
İ.4$/J"0L"/&4$.>737/7&$ş$ğ1I$<7&"/"4"0#$)
#1.3$0$30$&O$2#1ş413?

E"&.(837&İ.4$/J"0&<\%&J\&#7.0&;&J(8DI73Y
E73&.(/U7/(&O(<2$3(&MB(#&#;0<7&[(I$I73S
E$)$37&8;/(3&#$I(/7&70#&;&"0(#$I73S

İ/B(&>(&8$..$.&J73&3"8$&.$872&50$/&F"04$/&hhhS
M8#(4%&.$I3$)$#&=$#$4&İJ3$87#&a$ş$&70(
"O"#&7K(37.7/I(&K$01ş#1ş%&J"&.13$I$&O$ş$/$/
kD0(&=(>37L/I(&.$/$4$%&(I(J7O$4$&>(&4520"#.$0
8$O$4$&G)U;/&J73&$/0$O1ş&U(47370#7ş47S&F"04$/&hhhS
M8#(4%&'52<$21&F$3$O1&70(&A(/7&!D#77LI(&J73(3
<;4;28$/(%&MO$.5[O$LI$&EDJ_1&X"#DO"/L"/
<$3ş1.1/I$&';3<&.$/$4&ş$8(.(30(37/I(/&.$O10$/
F"04$/&rK;/B;&M8#(4&g(ş#(.7&>(&İ.4$/J"0L"/
."&7847O$B1/1&<$3ş10$#$<&$#$B1O0$&I$&=(3O$O7
F7#&$I01&J73&."&J(/I7&7/ş$&(4473#7ş473S

E"/0$3I$/&J$ş<$&r.<;I$3&A(/7&`D07I(&!D#77%
g530"0"&M07&a$ş$&T(I3(.(.7%&=$#$4&İJ3$87#
a$ş$&!$#77&>(&9;007O(.7%&İ.4$/J"0LI$&A(/7
a5.4$/(&$3<$.1/I$&=$$3;0&X$I7.&>(&F(J70%
-34$<GO&!$#77&G/;/I(<7&K(ş#(%&r.<;I$3
Ş(#.7&a$ş$LI$&X;.3(>&Mğ$&!$#77&G/;/I(<7
K(ş#(&>(&g"J"<0"&!$#77&O$/1/I$<7&T(.73(
g(ş#(.7&U7J7&(.(30(3&O7/(&J"&IG/(#I(
O$210#1ş413S&=G/(#7/&J(0<7&I(&(/&UG)I(&(.(37
50$/&FDIDJDI%&#$$0(.([&U;/;#;)(&<$I$3
U(0(#(#7ş%&J7)(&O1<1/41I$/&[$)0$&J73&ş(O
<$0#$#1ş413S

X$0<1/&J;O;<&J73&<1.#1&)53&I"3"#I$O<(/
İ.4$/J"0LI$&J$)1&I(>0(4&J;O;<0(37/7/&3$8$4&J73
O$ş$#&.;3I;3#(0(37%&(ğ0(/B(O(&I;ş<;/0;<0(37
8")"3.")0"<0$3$&.(J(2&50"O53I"S&a$435/$
X$070&7.7#07&J73&8$#$#&4(00$<1&J"&I"3"#I$/
#(#/"/&50#$O$/&8$0<1&I$&O$/1/$&<$4$3$<
7.O$/&K1<$3I1S&İ.O$/&.5/"B"&l(>ş(87307&=$#$4
İJ3$87#&a$ş$&7I$#&(I70I7&>(&O$<1/0$31
G0I;3;0I;S&a$I7ş$8&hhhS&M8#(4&4$844$/&7/I7370I7
>(&O(37/(&hS&T$8#"4&U(47370I7S

*e*R&`$070(37/&.([(3&#$.3$i$31/1&<$3ş10$#$<
;)(3(&W7#I$I7OO(_7&.([(37OO(Z&4520$#$0$31/1/
<$J"0;
*e+,&E$41O$&8(I7O(&UG/I(370(/&70<&#(84(3
4$<1#1&NhhhS&M8#(I&4$3$[1/I$/&k(87.4$/L$P
*e+,&hhhS&M8#(I&7K7/&4$.>730(37&k(>/7&4$3$[1/I$/
O$210$/&F"3/$#(_7&`(8J7
*e+*&g(0(J7&T(8#(I&H[(/I7L/7/&.([$3(4
>$)7[(.7O0(&]3$/.$LO$&U7I7ş7
*e+Q&İ3$/&.([(37/7/&;K&B(28(07&50$3$<&$K101ş1
*e+V_*e+f&'(J37)&>(&!(/B(L/7/&$01/1ş1
*e+:&İJ3$87#&T;4([(337<$&4$3$[1/I$/&70<&';3<
#$4J$$.1/1/&<"3"0"ş"
*e+@&Wd(3_7&#$8J"JZ&$I1O0$&O(/7&J73&$041/1/
27O$.$O$&.;3;0#(.7
*e+@&!(>8(37L/7/&k;U$4_1&F18$8L1/1/&`$/<"0"
4$3$[1/I$/&O$210$/&4(3B;#(.7/7/&#$4J$$I$
J$.10$/&70<&<74$2&50#$.1

F"04$/&hST$8#"I&N*eQ,_*efVP

*eQ,&a$435/$&X$070&7.O$/1%&hhhS&M8#(IL7/&8$0L7%
kD0(&=(>37L/7/&E747#7%&hS&T$8#"IL"/&4$84$&K1<1ş1
*eQQ&İ3$/&F$>$ş1L/1/&81)0$/#$.1%&l$I73&Ş$8L1/
J$ş$310$31
*eQf&E5//(>$0&M8#(I&a$ş$&N!5#4(&I(
E5//(>$0P&/()$3(47/I(&X"#J$3$B1&-B$ğ1L/1/
<"3"0#$.1
*eQf&-.#$/01_M>".4"3O$_b".&F$>$ş0$31
*eQ@&E(0U3$I&M/40$ş#$.1
*eQ@&b".&4;BB$30$31/$&9$3$I(/7)&8$37K&50#$<
;)(3(%&-.#$/01&."0$31&>(&4523$<0$31/I$&47B$3(4
8$<<1&4$/1/#$.1
*eV:&-.#$/01_İ3$/&J$31ş1&N9(3I(/&M/40$ş#$.1P
*ef*&-.#$/01&#".7<7.7&;)(37/(&E$41I$&O$)10$/
70<&(.(3&N!8$30(.&]5/45/L"/&H..$7L.7P

F"04$/&hhhS-.#$/&N*efV_*efeP

*efV&hS&T$8#"IL"/&G0;#;%&hhhS&-.#$/L1/&4$84$
K1<1ş1

F"04$/&hhhST".4$[$&N*efe_*eeVP

*efe&hhhS&-.#$/L1/&G0;#;%&hhhS&T".4$[$L/1/
4$84$&K1<1ş1
*e:R&-.#$/01_b".&F$>$ş1L/1/&J$ş0$#$.1
*ee,&b".&m05."/"/&İ/U707)0(3L7/&O$3I1#1O0$
M<I(/7)L(&U73#(.7
*ee*&9131#L1/&7şU$07
*ee+&'(3.$/(&O$<1/0$31/I$&'52K"&T(<4(J7L/7/
<"3"0#$.1
*eeQ&T;8(/I7.8$/(_7&E$837_7&X;#$O"/L"/
<"3"0"ş"
*eeQ_*eeV&=$328$/(/7/&X$)7/(_7&M#73(L/7/
O(I(ğ7&>$)7[(.7/7&UG3#(O(&J$ş0$#$.1
*eeV&M>3"2$&4$3)1/I$&4(ş<70&(I70#7ş&50$/&F;3$4
'52K"0$31&-B$ğ1L/1/&<"3"0#$.1

F"04$/&hSMJI;08$#7I&N*eeV_*eR@P

*eeV&hhhST".4$[$L/1/&G0;#;%&hSMJI;08$#7IL7/
4$84$&K1<1ş1
*eeV&9;K;<&9$O/$3B$&M/40$ş#$.1&>(&b".0$3L$
9$3$I(/7)LI(&.(O3;.([(3&8$<<1&4$/1/#$.1&N+*
'(##")P
*ee:&T;8(/I7.8$/(_7&E$837_7&X;#$O"/L"/
$K101ş1Y&MO/$01<$>$<&M/40$ş#$.1
*eRQ&b".O$L/1/&9131#L1&708$<1
*eRV&M>".4"3O$010$3L$&9$3$I(/7)LI(&.(O3;.([(3
8$<<1&>(370#(.7
*eRV&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&b".O$L/1/
9131#L1&708$<1/1&J73&W.(/(IZ&70(&3(.#(/&4$/1#$.1
NR&-B$<P
*eRe_*eRR&İ.4$/J"0LI$&J"0"/$/&]3$/.1)
")#$/0$31/&>(&."J$O0$31/&4$#$#(/&;0<(0(37/(
IG/#(0(37
*eRe&-.#$/01_b".&F$>$ş1L/1/&70$/1&N*e&Mğ".45.P
*eRR&A10$/&MI$.1&=(/7)&F$>$ş1
*eRR&b".O$L/1/&#;44(m<7&.1[$41O0$
M>".4"3O$L/1/&I$&.$>$ş$&U73#(.7&N@&Ş"J$4P
*eR@&p)7&9$0(.7L/7/&b".0$3&4$3$[1/I$/&)$241

F"04$/&hhhSF(07#&N*eR@_*R,eP

*eR@&hS&MJI;08$#7IL7/&G0;#;&>(&hhhS&F(07#L7/
4$84$&K1<#$.1&Ne&T$O1.P
*eR@&-.#$/01_İ.>(K&7447[$<1&**&'(##")
*e@,&İ0<&3(.#7&H3#(/7&#(<4(J7/7/&9"#<$21LI$
$K10#$.1
*e@,&-.#$/01_a3".O$&7447[$<1&NQ*&-B$<P
*e@,&M>".4"3O$L/1/&a3".O$&4$3$[1/I$/&J$31ş$
)530$/#$.1S&b(7B8(/J$B8&95/>$/.7O5/"&N+e
'(##")P
*e@,&A(3UGğ;&T;4$3(<(.7&N*R&HO0;0P
*e@,&9707&>(&İ.#$70&<$0(0(37/7/&b".O$&4$3$[1/I$/
)$241
*e@*&M>".4"3O$&>(&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"
$3$.1/I$<7&.5/&.$>$ş1/&J747370#(.7S&d7ş45>7
M/40$ş#$.1&NV&Mğ".45.P
*e@*&b".&F$>$ş1L/1/&.5/"S&9$0$.&T;4$3(<(.7
N**&Mğ".45.P
*e@+&l7)$#_1&!(I7I&8$3(<(47/7/&J$ş0$#$.1
*e@+&hhhS&F(07#&I(>37/I(&*,,L0;<&U"3"ş
J$.10#$.1
*e@+&A$ş&M/40$ş#$.1&N*,&-B$<P
*e@Q&=$7#7&(0K707<0(37/&1.0$81&>(&k5/I3$%&a$37.
>(&`7O$/$LI$&I$7#7&(0K707<&78I$.1
*e@Q&l7)$#_1&!(I7I&-3I"."L/"/&9"3"0"ş"

l7)$#_1&!(I74&C(K74&'G3(/7/I(

*e@Q&X$.<GOLI(&T;8(/I7.8$/(_7&!(I7I(L/7/
$K10#$.1
*e@Q&d$873(&l()$3(47L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*e@Q_*e@V&E$3"48$/(_7&M#73(LI(&İ/U707)
2(3I$81&J$3"4&7#$07/(&J$ş0$/#$.1
*e@V&X$0<$01LI$&O$210$/&M)$I0"
E$3"48$/(.7L/7/&[$$07O(4(&U(K#(.7
*e@f&k(87.4$/L1/&M>3"2$&8$374$.1/I$/
.707/#(.7
*e@f&T;8(/I7.8$/(_7&E(33_7&X;#$O"/L"/
$K101ş1Y&-.#$/01&.$3$O1/I$&70<&O$J$/B1&J$/I5
Nl$250O5/L"/&hhhS&F(07#L(&UG/I(3I7ğ7P
*e@e&a$37.%&`7O$/$&>(&E(307/LI(&I$7#7&(0K707<0(3
78I$.1
*e@e&a$)>$/I5ğ0"&7.O$/1
*e@e&`(/(I7<&=(>0(47L/7/&534$I$/&<$0I1310#$.1
N*e&HO0;0P
*e@R&]3$/.$LO$&<$3ş1&-.#$/01_b".&7447[$<1&NQ
-B$<P
*e@R&]3$/.$L/1/&T1.13L$&.$0I13#$.1&N*&'(##")P
*e@R&]3$/.$LO$&.$>$ş&70$/1&NQ&HO0;0P
*e@@&]3$/.$LO$&<$3ş1&İ/U704(3(&70(&7447[$<&Nf
-B$<P
*e@@&l$250O5/L"/&H0_M37ş&>(&C$))(LO7&(0(
U(K73#(.7&NŞ"J$4P
*e@@&l$250O5/L"/&M<<$LI$&!())$3&M8#(I
a$ş$&4$3$[1/I$/&#$ğ0"2&(I70#(.7&NT$O1.P
*e@@&l$250O5/L"/&]3$/.$LO$&IG/#(.7%&T1.13L1/
7şU$07/7/&I(>$#1&NMğ".45.P
*R,,&'$<>7#0(37/&o$B~"(.&!$..7/7&d7B7/L(&UG3(
8$)130$/#$O$&J$ş0$#$.1
*R,,&b".&>(&-.#$/01&<">>(40(37/7/&A(I7&MI$
!"#8"37O(47L/7&<"3#$0$31&NT$34P
*R,*&9$3$&T;8(/I7.8$/(.7&85B$01ğ1/$
X;.(O7/&b1[<1&'$#$/7L/7/&U(47370#(.7
*R,*&T1.13L1/&4$807O(.7/(&I$73&#;4$3(<(
NMğ".45.P
*R,+&]3$/.1)&>(&İ/U707)&U(#70(37/7/&<(/I7
J$O3$<0$31&$041/I$&9$3$I(/7)L(&K1<#$0$31/$
#;.$$I(&(I70#(.7
*R,+&a$37.&M/40$ş#$.1S&]3$/.$&70(&J$31ş&N+f
X$)73$/P
*R,V&F132&7.O$/0$31/1/&J$ş0$#$.1&NŞ"J$4P
*R,f&M>3"2$&4$3)1/I$&70<&8$.4$/(L/7/
9$.1#2$ş$LI$<7&'(3.$/(_7&M#73(LI(&$K10#$.1
*R,f&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/
l$250O5/L"/&Wİ#2$3$453Z&"/>$/1/1&4$/1#$.1
*R,f&T(8#(I&M07&a$ş$L/1/&T1.13L$&>$07&50$3$<
4$O7/7&N'(##")P
*R,:&l7)$#_1&!(I7IL7/&J$ş$31.1)01ğ1&>(
U(370(#(.7S&İ<7/B7&HI73/(&`$<L$.1
*R,:&-.#$/01_b".&F$>$ş1
*R,:&hhhS&F(07#L7/&T;8(/I7.8$/_7&E(337_7
X;#$O"/&<$/"//$#(.7
*R,:&'(3.$/(&'1JJ7O(.7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1&N-B$<P
*R,:&T(#0(<(4(O/L7/&b".O$&4$3$[1/I$/&7şU$0
(I70#(.7&NH<7#P
*R,e&`(88$J7&7.O$/1/1/&8$I&.$[8$O$&>$3#$.1S
X$BB1/&(/U(00(/#(.7
*R,e&İ/U704(3(L/7/&b".O$L/1/&O$/1/I$&-.#$/01
.$>$ş1/$&7ş473$<7&>(&İ/U707)&m05."/"/&İ.4$/J"0
G/0(37/(&U(0#(.7&N+,&Ş"J$4P
*R,e&İ/U707)&m05."/"/&İ.<(/I(37O(LO(
.$0I13#$.1&>(&T(8#(I&M07&a$ş$&4$3$[1/I$/
#$ğ0"2&(I70#(.7&NT$34&HO0;0P
*R,e&l7)$#_1&!(I7IL(&<$3ş1&$O$<0$/#$&N+f
T$O1.P

F"04$/&h`ST".4$[$&N*R,e_*R,RP

*R,e&hhhS&F(07#L7/&4$844$/&7/I7370#(.7&>(&l7)$#_1
!(I7IL7/&70U$.1&N+@&T$O1.P
*R,R&T".4$[$&b$<1#L1/&B(07&.;0;.&>(&4"ğ3$LO$
O(/7&;.0"J"/"&U(4737ş7&N+@&T$O1.P

F"04$/&hhST$8#"I&N*R,R_*RQ@P

*R,R&M0(#I$3&T".4$[$&a$ş$L/1/&#;I$8$0(.7%
h`S&T".4$[$L/1/&4$844$/&7/I7370#(.7%&hhhS&F(07#L7/
<$407%&hhS&T$8#"IL"/&4$84$&K1<#$.1&N+R
'(##")P
*R,R&F(/(I_7&İ447[$<&?&=(>0(47/&$O$/0$30$
")0$ş#$.1&N+@&HO0;0P
*R,R&A(/7K(37&MO$<0$/#$.1?&M0(#I$31/&F5/"
N*f_*:&9$.1#P
*R,@&İ/U704(3(&70(&.;3(/&.$>$ş1/&.5/"&?&9$0L$_7
F"04$/7OO(&M/40$ş#$.1&Nf&-B$<P
*R*,&hhS&T$8#"I&I(>37/I(&J(ş07<&WB78$I7OO(Z
0(37/&J$.10#$.1
*R*,&İ)#73&o7#/$.7"#L"/"/&<"3"0#$.1Y
A(.$37)$I(&T".4$[$&İ))(4L7/&4$L07<L(&.5/&ş(<07/7
>(37ş7
*R*+&`(88$J7&$O$<0$/#$.1/1/&T(8#(I&M07
a$ş$&4$3$[1/I$/&J$.41310#$.1
*R*+&]3$/.1)&25.4$0$31/1/&70<&<"3"0"ş"
*R*+&*R,:_*R*+&-.#$/01_b".&F$>$ş1L/1/&.5/"?
E;<3(ş&M/40$ş#$.1%&F13J7.4$/L$&G)(3<07<
>(370#(.7&N+R&T$O1.P
*R*:&T705ş&-J35/5>7KL7/&WJ$ş</()Z&50$3$<
4$/1/#$.1&>(&F13J7.4$/L1/&G)(307ğ7/7/&4(#7/7
*R+*&Hi$<&>(&T53$LI$&b"#&7.O$/0$31/1/
J$ş0$#$.1&NŞ"J$4&T$34P
*R+Q&M>3"2$&70(&47B$3(47/&';3<&U(#70(37O0(
O$210#$.1/$&4(ş(JJ;.&(I70#(.7
*R+V&b"#&$O$<0$/#$.1/1&J$.413#$<&;)(3(
T1.13&<">>(40(37/7/&K$ğ310#$.1
*R+V&]$478&9;007O(.7/I(<7&=$3;Lş_Ş7[$L/1/
O1<10#$.1Y&F"04$/&hhS&T$8#"IL"/&'$07#_7&.1JO$/
$I1&70(&[(3#$/&O$O1/0$#$.1Y&F4S&a7(33(
#(<4(J7/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*R+:&İ847.$J&#;(..(.(.7/7/&I;)(/0(/#(.7
*R+:&A(/7K(37&-B$ğ1L/1/&<$0I1310#$.1%&M.$<73_7
T$/."3(_7&T"8$##(I7OO(L/7/&<"3"0#$.1&N*V
X$)73$/P
*R+:&b".O$&70(&M<<(3#$/&M/40$ş#$.1L/1/&$<I7
Ne&H<7#P
*R+e&-.#$/010$3L1/&İ/U707)&O$21.1&70<&J"8$301
U(#7O(&.$872&50#$0$31
*R+e&'128$/(_7&M#73(L/7/&<"3"0#$.1Y&İ0<&WT$3ş_
1&F"04$/7Z&J(.4(.7&NCS&=5/7)(447%&hhS&T$8#"IL$P
*R+e&T"<$4$$&X$)7/(.7L/7/&X$)7/(_7&M#73(LI(/
$O310#$.1
*R+e&İ/U704(3(&70(&b".O$&$3$.1/I$
A"/$/7.4$/L1/&J$ğ1#.1)01ğ1/$&I$73&a(4(3.J"3U
a3545<50;&NV&l7.$/P
*R+e&T1.13&<">>(40(37/7/&N9$>$0$01&T(8#(4&M07
a$ş$P&A"/$/&İ.O$/1/1&J$.413#$0$31%&M47/$L/1/
4(.07#7&N'(##")P
*R+e&l$>$37/&=(/7)&F$>$ş1&?&-.#$/01_T1.13
I5/$/#$.1/1/&O$<10#$.1&N+,&9$.1#P
*R+R&b".O$L/1/&.$>$ş&70$/&(4#(.7&N+:&l7.$/P
N*R+R_*R+@&-.#$/01_b".&F$>$ş1P
*R+@&d7O$&a$ş$L/1/&I5ğ"#"Y&T$8#"I
!(0$0(II7/L7/&İ.4$/J"0LI$&>([$41Y&Ş(><7
H[(/I7L/7/&İ.4$/J"0LI$&I5ğ"ş"
*R+@&=(07&'(ş<70$41/1/&<$0I1310#$.1
*R+@&HI73/(&M/40$ş#$.1&?&A"/$/7.4$/L1/
J$ğ1#.1)01ğ1&N*V&HO0;0P
*RQ,&T;8(/I7.8$/(_7&E$837L/7/
X(OJ(07$I$LI$<7&<1ş0$O$&4$ş1/#$.1Y&M>3"2$LO$
4$0(J(&UG/I(370#(O(&J$ş0$/#$.1
*RQ,&9$4507<&H3#(/7&B(#$$47/7/&>(&<707.(.7/7/
3(.#(/&4$/1/#$.1
*RQ,_*RQ*&l;[".&.$O1#0$31
*RQ,&]3$/.1)0$3L1/&!()$O73L(&.$0I13#$0$31&>(&(0(
U(K73#(0(37&Nf&'(##")P
*RQ*&İ0<&.$3$O&<5/.(3>$4"$31&NT1)1<$_7
X;#$O"/&>(&F$3$O&X$3(#&-3<(.43$.1P
*RQ*&'1#$30$31/&<$0I1310#$.1&N#;(..(.(
.(#J507<&50$3$<&I$8$&")"/&.;3(&I(>$#&(447P
*RQ*_*RQV&İ.8$<&H[(/I7L/7/&IG34&B704707<
T(B#"$_7&^0"#_1&b7O$)7O(&$I01&(.(37/7/
J$.10#$.1
*RQ*&İ0<&U$)(4(&'$<>7#_7&`(<$O7L/7/&/(ş37&N*
9$.1#P
*RQ+&'128$/(_7&M#73(L/7/&Ş(8)$I(J$ş1L/I$/
!(33$88$/(L/7/&J"0"/I"ğ"&J7/$O$
/$<0(I70#(.7
*RQ+&T1.13&`$07.7&T(8#(I&M07&a$ş$L/1/&7.O$/1

9$>$0$01&T(8#(I&M07&a$ş$

*RQ+&İ.4$/J"0_İ)#74&W25.4$&O50"Z&/"/&O$21#1
*RQ+&İ/U707)&25.4$0$31/1/&<"3"0"ş"
*RQ+&'52<$21&F$3$O1L/$&J747ş7<&C;08$/(
J$8K(.7/I(&#(>B"4&J7/$0$3I$&!(33$88$/(_7
M#73(L/7/&$K10#$.1&N+@&-B$<P
*RQ+&T1.13&<">>(40(37/7/&95/O$LI$&-.#$/01
53I"."/"&O(/#(0(37&N*+&M3$01<P
*RQQ&](.8$/(/7/&<"3"0"ş"
*RQQ&T1.13&<">>(40(37/7/&9;4$8O$LO$&<$I$3
70(30(#(0(37&N+&Ş"J$4P
*RQQ&b".&<">>(40(37/7/&O$3I1#&$#$B1&70(
E(O<5)L$&$.<(3&K1<$34#$0$31&>(&b".&m05."/"/
İ.4$/J"0L$&U(0#(.7&Nf&l7.$/P
*RQQ&T(8#(I&M07L/7/&")0$ş#$O$&)530$/#$.1&?
9;4$8O$&M/40$ş#$.1&NT$O1.P
*RQQ&T(8#(I&M07&a$ş$O$&<$3ş1&-.#$/01_b".
7447[$<1&?&X;/<$3&İ.<(0(.7&M/40$ş#$.1%
E5ğ$)0$3L1/&I7ğ(3&I(>0(40(3(&<$2$410#$.1&NR
'(##")P
*RQQ&T;/B8(/U3$(4)&M/40$ş#$.1&N*R&HO0;0P
*RQV&T$K<$&91ş0$.1L/I$%&T(<4(J_7&X$3J7O(L/7/
<"3"0#$.1
*RQV&T"<$4$$4&X$)7/(.7L/7/&7.#7/7/&WT$/."3(
X$)7/(.7Z&50$3$<&I(ğ7ş47370#(.7
*RQf&X$)7/(_7&M#73(&70(&I$328$/(/7/
J730(ş47370#(.7
*RQf_*RVf&İ0<&8$0<&<5/.(30(37&N'$/J"37&M0(<.$/
H[(/I7&N*R*f_*R:VP&İ.4$/J"0&F;0(O#$/2$ş$
X$/1L/I$<7&<$8>(I(P
*RQ:&^#"3_1&X$37B7O(&l()$3(47L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
N**&T$34P
*RQe&-.#$/01&O$21#1&WH.(3_7&X$O3Z&$I01&J"8$301
U(#7/7/&I(/7)(&7/I7370#(.7&N+:&9$.1#P
*RQR&T(<4(J_7&MI07L/7/&$K10#$.1Y&F"04$/&hhS
T$8#"IL"/&70<&Gğ3(47#&$0$/1/I$&O(/7&J73
4(ş(JJ;.(&U737ş#(.7
*RQR&T$07O(&l()$3(47L/7/&<"3"0#$.1&>(&X$)7/(_
7&M#73(L/7/&I$328$/(I(/&$O31012&T$/."3(
X$)7/(.7LO0(&J730(ş47370#(.7
*RQR&=([4(3I$301ğ1/&T$07O(&l$)1301ğ1L/$
K(>370#(.7
*RQR&T(B07._7&`$0$_O1&M8<$#_1&MI07OO(L/7/
<"3"0#$.1&N+V&T$34P
*RQR&İ/U707)&4;BB$31/$&U(/7ş&7#<D/0$3&4$/1O$/
E$04$07#$/1&M/40$ş#$.1L/1/&7#)$0$/#$.1&N*:
Mğ".45.P
*RQ@&9$7#(_7&#"4(J(3(_7&/$<I7OO(L/7/
K1<$310#$.1
*RQ@&T(<$47J_7&b;şI7O(&l()$3(47L/7/
<"3"0#$.1Y&T(<4(J_7&'1JJ7O(L/7/
C$0$4$.$3$OLI$<7&O(/7&J7/$.1/$&4$ş1/#$.1&>(
#(<4(J7/&$I1/1/&T(<4(J_7&'1JJ7O(_7&MI07O(_7
Ş$8$/(&50$3$<&I(ğ7ş47370#(.7Y&T(<4(J_7&^0"#_1
HI(J7O(L/7/&$K10#$.1
*RQ@_*RVV&=3S&E(3/$3IL1/&T(<4(J_7&'1JJ7O(
/$)1301ğ1&IG/(#7
*RQ@_*RVf&T(<4(J_7&](//_7&l;B"#L"/&[$$07O(4
IG/(#7
*RQ@&9$>$0$01&T(8#(I&M07&a$ş$&70(&.$>$ş1/
4(<3$3&J$ş0$#$.1%&l7)72&F$>$ş1&N+V&X$)73$/P

l7)72&F$>$ş1

l7)72&F$>$ş1&+V&X$)73$/&*RQ@&4$3787/I(&l7)72L4(
T1.13&70(&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&$3$.1/I$
#(OI$/$&U(0(/&.$>$şS&9$>$0$01&T(8#(4&M07
a$ş$L/1/&5ğ0"&9$>$0$01&İJ3$87#&a$ş$
<5#"4$.1/I$<7&T1.13&53I"."&X$[1)&-.#$/
a$ş$&<5#"4$.1/I$<7&-.#$/01&53I"."/"&7#8$
(4#7ş473S

-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&2$3K$0$/#$.1/1
7.4(#(O(/&E730(ş7<&93$001<&70(&M>".4"3O$
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&#;I$8$0(&(I(3(<&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"&<"34$3#1ş413S&İ<7&;0<(
I5/$/#$0$31/1&O500$O$3$<&T1.13&70(&F"37O(
$3$.1/I$<7&I(/7)&O50"/"&<(.#7ş&>(
/78$O(47/I(&İJ3$87#&a$ş$&Ş"J$4&*RV*LI(
T1.13L$&IG/#(<&)53"/I$&<$0#1ş413S&E"
#"8$3(J(I(&X$[1)&-.#$/&a$ş$L/1/&O$/1/I$
a3".O$&<3$001ğ1/I$/&UG/I(370#7ş&X(0#"48&>5/
T504<(&>(&<"3#$O0$31&O(3&$0#1ş413S

F"04$/&MJI;0#(B7I&N*RQ@_*R:*P

*RQ@&hhS&T$8#"IL"/&>([$41&;)(37/(
MJI;0#(B7IL7/&4$84$&K1<#$.1%&-.#$/01
I5/$/#$.1/1/&T(8#(I&M07LO(&4(.07#7&N*
'(##")P
*RQ@&'$/)7#$4&](3#$/1L/1/&70$/1&NQ&9$.1#P
*RV,&!()$&9$/"//$#(_7&X;#$O"/"L/"/
]3$/.$LI$/&#;08(#&J73&J7K7#I(&I;)(/0(/#(.7
>(&<$J"0;&NQ&T$O1.P&N*V&'(##")&*Rf*LI(&J"
<$/"/%&9$/"/_"&!(I7I&50$3$<&4$I70$40$&O(/7I(/
O;3;30;ğ(&U73(3P
*RV,&C$O37&#;.07#&4(J$$I$/&M>3"2$LO$&4$0(J(
UG/I(370#(O(&J$ş0$/#$.1
*RV,&'$/)7#$4L1/&4$4J7<&(I70I7ğ7&O(30(3I(
4(#(44;&>(3U7.7&<5/"0#$&<$3$31
*RV,&E;4;/&8$)7/(0(37/&T$07O(&X$)7/(.7L/(
<$410#$.1
*RV,&a5.4$&l()$3(47L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*RV*&k;J/$/&50$O0$31
*RV*&İ/U704(3(L/7/&O$3I1#1O0$&T1.13&#(.(0(.7/7/
8$007%&T1.13L1/&>(3$.(4&"."0;&70(&T(8#(I&M07
a$ş$LO$&J13$<10#$.1&N+V&T$O1.P
*RV*&k5/I3$&E5ğ$)0$3&M/40$ş#$.1&N*Q
'(##")P
*RV+&M.<(37&E$O4$3&T(<4(J7L/7/&$K10#$.1
*RVQ&X(3(<(&]$J37<$.1L/1/&<"3"0#$.1
*RVQ&d(O47/J"3/"&=(#73&]$J37<$.1&7/ş$$41/$
J$ş0$/#$.1
*RVV&'$.878_7&.7<<(&N*&Ş"J$4P
*RVV&](.8$/(LI(&J"8$3&#$<7/(0(37/7/
<"00$/10#$O$&J$ş0$/#$.1
*RVf&İ)#73LI(&."&<">>(47O0(&K$01ş$/&<Dğ14
[$J37<$.1/1/&<"3"0#$.1
*RVf&E$837O(&T(<4(J7L/7/&X(OJ(07$I$LI$<7
J7/$.1/$&4$ş1/#$.1Y&9$I1&O(47ş473#(<&7K7/
F;0(O#$/7O(LI(&T"$007#8$/(_7&l;>>$J
#(I3(.(.7/7/&<"3"0#$.1Y&b;şI7O(0(37/&=$3;L0_
[;/"/L$&Gğ3(/B7&O(47ş473(/&534$&I(3(B(07
#(<4(20(3&50$3$<&<$J"0&(I70#(.7
*RVf&F"04$/&MJI;0#(B7IL7/&T(B07._7&`$0$LO1
)7O$3(47&N-B$<P
*RVf&T(B07._7&T">$<<$4L1/&NC(K7B7&T$$37[
T(B07.7P&K$01ş#$0$31/$&J$ş0$#$.1&N*Q&T$34P
*RVf&a507.&N)$J14$P&4(ş<70$41/1/&<"3"0"ş"&N*,
l7.$/P
*RV:&T(B07._7&T$$37[_7&^#"#7O(&<"3"0#$.1Y
T(<$47J_7&^#"#7O(&l()$3(47L/7/&<"3"0#$.1Y
E$ş85B$&F(OO7I&M07&a$ş$L/1/&G0;#;
*RV:&b".&'7B$3(4&T"$8(I(.7
*RV:&d$J47O(&#;ş737O(47/7/&<"3"0#$.1&N*:
Ş"J$4P
*RV:&=$3;L0_];/"/&<"3#$I$&70<&4(ş(JJ;.
*RVe&'7#$301&F72$87&'(ş<70$41L/1/&70U$.1
*RVe&'(0U3$[1/&E(O0(3J(O7&F$3$O1L/I$
I(/(/#(.7
*RVe&=(3.$$I(4&E$/<$.1L/1/&<"3"0"ş"
*RVe&İ.4$/J"0LI$&70<&27O$/5&3(.74$07&Nk7.)4
MJI;0#(B7IL(&=5/7)(447L/7/&T(B7I7O(&T$3ş1L/1
K$01O53PY&A(ş70<GOLI(&J"0"/$/&MO$#$#$
g7[407ğ7/7/&)73$$4&4$07#8$/(.7&ş(<07/(&U(47370(3(<
70<&2$#"<&)7$$47&"OU"0$#$&(ğ747#7/7/&J"3$I$
>(370#(O(&J$ş0$/#$.1
*RVR&M>3"2$LI$&07J(3$0&78470$00(3?&a505/O$&>(
T$B$37.4$/LI$&#7007O(4K7&$O$<0$/#$0$3
*RVR&a354(.4$/&H3#(/7&B(#$$47/7/&>(
<707.(.7/7/&3(.#(/&4$/1/#$.1
*RVR&İ.4$/J"0LI$&70<&F$/$O7&T(<4(J7L/7/
<"3"0#$.1/$&4(ş(JJ;.&(I70#(.7
*:&T$34&*RVR&İ.4$/J"0LI$&=$3;L0_T"$007#7/
$K10#$.1
*R&9$.1#&*RVR&-.#$/01&O$21#1&70<&I(#73
>$2"3"/&I(/7)(&7/I7370#(.7
*RV@&`(4(37/(3&Gğ3(47#&[$$07O(40(37/(
J$ş0$/#$.1Y&A(.$37)$I(&T".4$[$&İ))(4L7/
İ.4$/J"0LI$&>([$41
*Rf,&'7B$3(4&9$/"//$#(_7&X;#$O"/"L/"/
<$J"0;
*Rf,&İ0<&[$7).7)&<$7#(/7/&K1<$310#$.1
*Rf,&T"$007#&l$B7L/7/&I5ğ"#"
*+&T$34&*Rf,&=$3;L0_T$$37[L7/&Gğ3(/7#(
J$ş0$#$.1
*Rf*&!()$&9$/"//$#(_7&X;#$O"/"L/"/
<$J"0;
*Rf*&k5/I3$&F(3U7.7
*Rf*&M<$I(#7<&<$3$<4(3I(&70<&70#7&I(3/(<
50$/&H/B;#(/_7&=$/7şL7/&$K10#$.1
*R&'(##")&*Rf*&H/B;#(/_7&=$/7şL7/
<"3"0#$.1
*Rf+&MJI;08$<&X$#7IL7/&I5ğ"#"Y&İ.4$/J"0
Ş$3<&!(#7O(47/7/&NF5B7(4(&-37(/4$0(&I(
!5/.4$/47/520(P&<"3"0#$.1
*RfQ&WT"<$II(.&O(30(3Z&#(.(0(.7%&b".O$L/1/
4$)O7<0(37&>(&9131#&F$>$ş1L/1/&2$40$#$.1
*RfQ&İ.4$/J"0LI$&hS&MJI;0#(B7I&4$3$[1/I$/
=50#$J$8K(&F$3$O1L/1/&7/ş$&(447370#(.7
*RfV&İ0<&I1ş&7.47<3$)?&E53K0$/#$&I(>37/7/&>(
$01ş<$/01ğ1/1/&J$ş0$#$.1
*RfV&T(B07._7&`$0$L/1/&WT(B07._7&M07_O7&'$/)7#$4Z
>(&WT(B07._7&M8<$#_1&MI07O(LO(Z&$O310#$.1
*RfV&İ847.$J&4(ş<70$41/1/&0$ğ>1
*+&T$34&*RfV&b".O$LO$&<$3ş1&İ/U704(3(&>(
]3$/.$&70(&7447[$<
*Rff&C$O37&#;.07#0(3I(/&$01/$/&WB7)O(Z/7/
<$0I1310#$.1
*Rff&a$37.&F(3U7.7
*:&Mğ".45.&*Rff&İ.4$/J"0LI$&Ş(83(#$/(47/7/
<"3"0#$.1&N#5I(3/&J(0(I7O(&7I$3(0(37/7/
J$ş0$/U1B1P
@&HO0;0&*Rff&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/I$
4(0U3$[1/&87)#(4(&U73#(.7
*V&9$.1#&*Rff&H4&>(&H<#(<&I1ş1/I$&8(#(/
J;4;/&#$II(0(3I(/&/$381/&<$0I1310#$.1
*Rf:&b".O$L/1/&M.O$LI$&';3<&700(37
7.47<$#(47/I(&[(4780(3(&J$ş0$#$.1/1/
ş$340$31/1/&50"ş#$.1
*Rf:&E$/<_1&-.#$/7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*Rf:&M3$2&$0[$J(.7/7/&T53.&$0[$J(.7/(
"O$30$/#$.1O0$&4(0U3$i$31/&';3<K(&50$3$<
K(<70#(O(&J$ş0$/#$.1
*Rf:&h.0$8$4&](3#$/1
*Rf:_*R:,&9G.4(/B(_g(3/(>5LI$&I(#73O50"
8$441/1/&O$21#1
*Rf:_*R::&İ)#73_MOI1/&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
O$21#1
*f&Ş"J$4&*Rf:&İ.4$/J"0&'12&!(#7O(47L/7/
NF5B7(4(&T(I7B$0(&I(&!5/.4$/47/520(P
<"3"0#$.1
*R&Ş"J$4&*Rf:&h.0$8$4&](3#$/1L/1/&70$/1
Q,&T$34&*Rf:&a$37.&E$31ş&M/40$ş#$.1
Q,&T$34&*Rf:&b".O$L/1/&J5)U"/$&"ğ3$#$.1
Q,&T$34&*Rf:&9$3$I(/7)L7/&4$3$[.1)&>(&.70$8.1)
J73&8$0(&U(47370#(.7
++&T$O1.&*Rf:&İ.4$/J"0&'12&!(#7O(47L/(
Ş$8$/(&;/>$/1/1/&>(370#(.7&>(&B(#7O(47/
$I1/1/%&!(#7O(4_7&'1JJ7O(_7&Ş$8$/(&50$3$<
I(ğ7ş#(.7
*Rfe&-3#$/&T(<4(J7&$K10#$.1&8"."."/I$&70<
4(ş(JJ;.
*Rfe&!7II(&50$O0$31&>(&İ/U707)&<">>(40(37/7/%
#;.07#_U$O37&#;.07#&K$41ş#$0$31/$
#;I$8$0(.7
*Rfe&C;#3;<&3(.#7/7/%&(şO$/1/&>$3I1ğ1&I(ğ70
K1<41ğ1&O(3I(&$01/#$.1&"."0;/;&U(473(/&T$83(B
l7)$#/$#(.7L/7/&O$O1#0$/#$.1
*Rfe_*R:+&E(O3"4&Ş$#&ş5.(.7/7/&O$21#1
*e&T$34&*Rfe&T$$37[_7&^#"#7OO(&l()$3(47L/7/
<"3"0#$.1
:&9$.1#&*Rfe&a$37.L4(&T(<4(J_7&-.#$/7
$I1/I$&J73&-.#$/01&#(<4(J7/7/&$K10#$.1
*RfR&!()$&9$/"//$#(_7&X;#$O"/"L/"/
<$J"0;
*RfR&91)&3;şI7O(&#(<4(20(37/7/&$K10#$.1
*RfR_*Rf@&H#0$<%&$3$)7&>(&4(#(44;
>(3U70(37/7/&$O310#$.1
:&X$)73$/&*RfR&M3$)7&9$/"//$#(.7L/7/&<$J"0;
R&X$)73$/&*RfR&E(O5ğ0"&>(&C$0$4$LI$
<"3"0$B$<&M041/B1&=$73(_7&E(0(I7OO(L/7/
/7)$#/$#(_O7&"#"#7.7&N70<&G3/(<&J(0(I7O(P
*Rf@&9$7#(0(37/&27O$.$I$/&4520$/$J70#(.7
7K7/&W7$/(_7&"#"#7OO(Z&4520$/#$.1
*Rf@&]3$/.1)B$LI$/&O$210$/&70<&ş773&4(3B;#(.7
37.$0(.7%&Ş7/$.7L/7/&'(3B;#(_7&T$/)"#(L.7/7/
/(ş37
*+&Ş"J$4&*Rf@&T(<4(J_7&T;0<7OO(L/7/&<"3"0"ş"
*R:,&'7B$3(4&#$8<(#(0(37/7/&<"3"0"ş"
*R:,&İ0<&J$.101&O(307&47O$435%&Ş7/$.7L/7/&Ş$73
H>0(/#(.7L/7/&4([37<$&(I70#(.7
*R:,_*R:*&k;J/$/&>(&F"37O(&-0$O0$31
*R:,_*R:*&k;J/$/L1/&7#47O$)01&J73&(O$0(4&8$07/(
U(47370#(.7
++&H<7#&*R:,&'(3B;#$/_1&M8>$0&U$)(4(.7/7/
O$O1/$&J$ş0$#$.1

F"04$/&MJI;0$)7)&N*R:*_*Re:P

*R:*&MJI;0#(B7IL7/&>([$41&>(&MJI;0$)7)L7/
4$84$&K1<#$.1
*R:*&!(#7O(4_7&İ0#7OO(_7&-.#$/7O(L/7/
<"3"0"ş"
*R:*&^."0_7&T"8$<(#$4_1&'7B$3(4
l7)$#/$#(.7L/7/&<$J"0;
*R:*_*R::&b".K"<&`$3/$&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
O$21#1
@&X$)73$/&*R:*&!(J(0_7&k;J/$/
#"4$.$331i1ğ1L/1/&8".".7&.4$4;.;/;/&4(.J747&>(
!(J(0_7&k;J/$/&/7)$#/$#(.7
@&X$)73$/&*R:*&=$>7I&a$ş$L/1/&k;J/$/L$&>$07
50$3$<&$4$/#$.1
+@&l7.$/&*R:*&]3$/.1)&>(&İ/U707)0(3L0(&9$/01B$
'7B$3(4&#"$8(I(0(37/7/&O$210#$.1S&E"
#"$8(I(&I1ş&47B$3(44(&U;#3;<&3(.#7&53$/1/1/
|RL(&O;<.(0470#(.7&>(&(./$i1<4$&7/87.$3
.7.4(#7/7/&<$0I1310#$.1
*R:+&'"/$&>70$O(47/7/&<"3"0"ş"&>(&T748$I
a$ş$L/1/&>$07&50$3$<&4$O7/7
*R:+&C;#3;<&3(.7#0(37/(&(.$.&4(ş<70&(I(/
#$0&mO$40$31/I$&|*,&7/I737#&O$210I1<4$/&.5/3$
U;#3;<&3(.#7&$01/#$O$&J$ş0$/#$.1
*R:+&9$7#(0(37/&27O$.$I$/&4$#$#1O0$
4520$/#$.1
*R:+&M041/1/&I(ğ(37/7/&*,,&<"3"ş&50$3$<&4(.J747
*R:+&b5#$/&4;3;/I(&E$41I$/&O$210$/&70<
4(3B;#(%&](/(05/LI$/&'(3B;#(_h&'(0(#$<L1/
A"."[&9$#70&a$ş$&4$3$[1/I$/&O$O1/0$/#$.1Y
!(#7O(4_h&'1JJ7O(_7&-.#$/7O(L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*R:+&T$83(B_7&M<0$#L1/&<"3"0#$.1
+,&'(##")&*R:+&T(<4(J_7&T$$37[_7&MI07O(L/7/%
WT(<4(J_7&M<0$#Z&$I1&$041/I$&O(/7&J73&ş(<0(
.5<"0#$.1
R&H<7#&*R:+&h.0$8_1&F$/$O7&95#7.O5/"L/"/
4(ş<70&(I70#(.7
*R:Q&MJI;0$)7)L7/&T1.13L$&.(O$8$47
*R:Q&T748$I&a$ş$&4$3$[1/I$/&l7şL4(&70<
h.0$88$/(L/7/&N.5/3$<7&O100$3I$&F$/$O7&T(<4(J7P
<"3"0"ş"
*R:Q&İ.4$/J"0&HB)$B101<&!(#7O(47L/7/&NF5B7(4(
I(&!5/.4$/47/520(P&<"3"0#$.1Y&a354(.4$/
b5J(34&950(j7L/7/&$K10#$.1
*R:Q&T(/$m&F$/I1ğ1L/1/&<"3"0#$.1
*R:Q&T(<4"20$3$&2"0&O$21ş41310#$O$
J$ş0$/#$.1
*R:Q&'7B$3(4_7&E$837OO(&9$/"//$#(.7L/7/
<$J"0;
*Q&-B$<&*R:Q&=$3;L0_];/"/LI$%&8$0<$&$K1<
.(3J(.4&<5/[(3$/.&ş(<07/I(&I(3.0(3(
J$ş0$/#$.1
*R&Ş"J$4&*R:Q&F"04$/$8#(4&F(3U7.7L/7/&NF(3U7_7
^#"#7P&$K101ş1
*R:V&T(<$47J_7&F1JO$/_1&T;.07#(
95#7.O5/"L/"/&<"3"0#$.1Y&T(<4(J_7&X$3J7O(
I$8707/I(&H3<$/_1&X$32&.1/1[1/1/&$K10#$.1Y
!(#7O(4_7&'(I37.7O(_7&İ.0$#7O(L/7/&N=$3;Lş_
Ş$[$<$P&<"3"0#$.1Y&İ0<&J$.10#1ş&/$)$37O$4&<74$J1
NX$ş7#&E(OL7/&T(B#"L$4;L0_T$<$#$4L1P
*R:V&İO5/O$&$I$0$31/1/&NA(I7&MI$
!"#8"37O(47L/7&50"ş4"3$/&$I$0$3P&İ/U704(3(
4$3$[1/I$/&A"/$/7.4$/L$&>(370#(.7
*R:V&9$3$I$/&X7/I7.4$/L1&M>3"2$LO$&J$ğ0$O$/
4(0U3$[&8$441/1/&4$#$#0$/#$.1
*R:V&h.0$8_1&F$/$O7&95#7.O5/"L/"/&<"3"0"ş"
*R:V&l7)$#7O(&#$8<(#(0(37/7/&<"3"0"ş"
*R:V_*Re:&a$37.L(&4$0(J(&UG/I(370#(.7
R&H<7#&*R:V&`70$O(4&l7)$#/$#(.7L/7/&<$J"0;
*R:f&T;.4$<70&b5#(/&<707.(.7/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*R:f&İ.4$/J"0&E737/B7&Ş(873&a5.4$.1L/1/
<"3"0"ş"
*R:f&=$3;L0_];/"/&J7/$.1/1/&7/ş$.1/1/
4$#$#0$/#$.1&>(&T$07O(&l()$3(47L/(&4$8.7.
(I70#(.7Y&T(<4(J_7&'1JJ7O(L/7/&/$)1301ğ1/$
!(#$0(II7/&H[(/I7L/7/&U(47370#(.7
HO0;0&*R:f&T(<4(J_7&-.#$/7L/7/&0$ğ>(I70#(.7
*R::&C7374&7.O$/0$31&%&A"/$/7.4$/&70(&J730(ş#(
[$$07O(40(37
*R::&T1.13&>(3$.(4&"."0;/;/&I(ğ7ş47370#(.7
*R::&M8#(I&F;3(OO$&H#7/&E(OL7/&#5I(07/7
8$)130$I1ğ1&.(37&$4(ş07&4520$&-.#$/010$3L1/
452K"0"<4$&8$#0(&O$2#$.1
*R::&F7#<(ş0(3&Ş73<(47L/7/&<"3"0"ş"
*R::&=$870I(&.$3[(I70(B(<&#$00$31/&3$O7K
mO$41/I$/&|*,&7/I737#&O$210I1<4$/&.5/3$
U;#3;<&3(.7#0(37/7/&4(.J74&(I70#(.7&<$3$31
*R::_*R:e&M>".4"3O$L/1/&a3".O$&<$3ş1.1/I$
#$ğ0"2&50#$.1&>(&T$B$37.4$/&70(&(ş74&J73&J7307<
<"3#$.1&?&M>".4"3O$_T$B$37.4$/
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"
*R:e&F13J7.4$/LI$<7&.5/&-.#$/01&$.<(37
4(#.707O(47/7/&534$I$/&<$0I1310#$.1%&F132
<$0(0(37/7/&4$807O(.7
*R:e&b;şI7O(0(3(&U$O37&#;.07#&4$0(J(
$01/#$O$&J$ş0$/#$.1Y&E(O3"4&M#(37<$/
r/7>(3.74(.7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*R:e&T1.13&`$07.7&İ.#$70&a$ş$L/1/&W81I7>Z&50#$.1
*R:e&C(/K&-.#$/010$3L1/&M>3"2$LO$&<$K#$O$
J$ş0$#$0$31
*R:e&A$J$/B10$3$&#;0<&(I7/#(&8$<<1/1/
>(370#(.7
*R:e&E$837O(&l()$3(47L/7/&9"3"0"ş"
*R:e&T(/$m&F$/I1ğ1L/1/&J;4;/&>70$O(4&>(
.$/B$<&#(3<()0(37/(&O$O10#$.1
*R:e_*Re:&İ)#73&b1841#1L/1/&7/ş$.1
++&Ş"J$4&*R:e&Hğ747#&.$8$.1/I$&]3$/.1)
/54$.1/1/&>(370#(.7
R&X$)73$/&*R:e&T1.13L$&81I7>07<&.4$4;.;/;/
>(370#(.7
+*&X$)73$/&*R:e&F"04$/&MJI;0$)7)L7/&M>3"2$
.(O$8$47
*R:R&M07&a$ş$L/1/&C7374&7.O$/0$31/1&4(.<7/&(4#(.7
>(&C7374L(&G)(3<&J73&.4$4;&>(370#(.7
*R:R&C$0$4$.$3$O&F"04$/7.7L/7/&$K10#$.1
*R:R&İ.4$/J"0&H#/7O(4&F$/I1ğ1L/1/&<"3"0#$.1
*R:R&=(#73B70(3&>(&=G<;#B;0(3&ş73<(40(37/7/
<"3"0"ş"
*R:R&A"/$/&25.4$.1/1/&<$2$410#$.1
*R:R&](.8$/(L/7/&#5I(3/&J73&I5<"#$
[$J37<$.1&8$07/(&U(47370#(.7
*R:R&=$3;L0_T"$007#7/_7&F1JO$/L/1/&$K10#$.1Y
T(<4(J_7&X73([&>(&F$/$O7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1Y&F$/$O7
T(<4(J7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*&T$34&*R:R&MI07O(&l()$3(47L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*&l7.$/&*R:R&Ş"3$_O1&=(>0(4L7/&4(ş(<<;0;&>(
=7>$/_1&M8<$#_1&MI07OO(L/7/&$O31&J73&4(#O7)
53U$/1&50$3$<&$O310#$.1
R&l7.$/&*R:@&İ<7/B7&=$3;L0_];/"/&J7/$.1/1/
7/ş$.1/1/&4$#$#0$/#$.1&>(&=$3;L0_];/"/_1
-.#$/7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
+*&X$)73$/&*R:@&F"04$/&MJI;0$)7)L7/&M>3"2$
F(O$8$47
*&HO0;0&*R:R&T(<4(J_7&F"04$/7L/7/&$K10#$.1
+&HO0;0&*R:@&T$$37[_7&^#"#7OO(&l7)$#/$#(.7
70(&70<&>(&534$&4(I37.$41/&I;)(/0(/#(.7
+:&Mğ".45.&*R:@&'"3"<&l7)$#/$#(.7L/7/
<$J"0;
*Q&H<7#&*R:@&İ#2$3$4537K(&H"U•/7•L/7/
İ.4$/J"0L$&U(07ş7
*R:@&F;>(Oş&9$/$01L/1/&$K10#$.1
*R:@&-.#$/01&-3I"."L/"/&l7)$#7O(%&b(I7[&>(
T".4$8[1)&I7O(&;K&JG0;#(&$O310#$.1
*R:@&T(B(00(_7&M8<$#_1&MI07OO(L/7/&70<
<74$J1/1/&<$J"0;
*R:@&T(<4(J_7&X$3J7O(&I$8707/I(&J73&E$O4$3
.1/1[1/1/&$K10#$.1
H<7#&*R:@&=$3;L0_];/"/_1&-.#$/7LI(&4$0(J(
<$OI1/$&J$ş0$/#$.1
*Re,&T;.4$<70&E"0U$3&<707.(.7/7/&<"3"0#$.1&>(
E"0U$30$3L1/&b"#&a$437<8$/(.7L/7/&/;[")"/I$/
K1<#$0$31
*Re,&]3$/.$L/1/%&M0#$/O$&>(&a3".O$
F$>$ş1L/I$&$ğ13&#$ğ0"J7O(4&$0#$.1
*Re,&!(/$J&Ş(8$J(II7/L7/&I5ğ"#"Y&E$4101
4$3)I$&70<&35#$/&87<DO(&4;3;/I(%&M8#(I
T7I8$4L1/&F"_7&d$/_H.$3(4&$I01&<74$J1/1/&/(ş37Y
T;8(/I7.8$/(L/7/&T$K<$&X$3J7O(&T(<4(J7
7K(37.7/I(&452K"&>(&7.478<$#&.1/1i$31/I$
(ğ747#&[$$07O(40(37/(&I(>$#&(4#(.7Y&F1JO$/
#(<4(J0(37/7/&1.0$81&>(&7247I$7&$I1&$041/I$&O(/7
#(<4(20(37/&$K10#$.1Y&=$3;L0_];/"/L1&-.#$/7LO7
4(ş<70&(I(/&ş"J(0(3&$3$.1/I$&Wİ0#_7&8"<"<Z
ş"J(.7/7/&I(&O(3&$0#$.1Y&'12&(ğ747#7/7/&';3<K(
O$210#$O$&J$ş0$/#$.1
*Re,&9$3$I(/7)L7/&4(<3$3&.70$80$/I1310#$.1&>(
b".O$L/1/&a$37.&M/40$ş#$.1L/1/&8;<;#0(37/7
4$/1#$#$.1
*Re,&=$3;0[;/"/"/&$K10#$.1&4(ş(JJ;.;
*Re,_*@+e&9(#$0(I7/&E(O&N#7#$3P
+,&Ş"J$4&*Re,&=$3;L0_];/"/_1&-.#$/7L/7/
J;O;<&J73&#(3$.7#0(&$K10#$.1
+:&l7.$/&*Re,&=$3;L0_T"$007#$4L1/&$K10#$.1
+&'(##")&*Re,&9$>$/7/&>(&l7)$#$4
=(3.8$/(.7L/7/&$K10#$.1
H<7#&*Re,&=$3;L0_];/"/&#;I;3;&'$8.7/
H[(/I7L/7/&"#"#$&$K1<&<5/[(3$/.0$3&NI(3._
hL$#P&4(3472&(4#(.7
*Re*&F$I3$)$#&M07&a$ş$L/1/&>([$41
*Re*&MJI;0$)7)L7/&ş$8.7&7I$3(.7/7/&$34#$.1%
T$8#"I&l(I7#&a$ş$&.$I$3(47
*Re*&=(3.$$I(4&'$8>70$4&E53.$.1
l7)$#/$#(.7L/7/&O$O1#0$/#$.1
*Re*&a5.4$&>(&'(0U3$[&/()$3(40(37/7/
J730(ş47370#(.7&>(&İ<7/B7&a5.4$&l7)$#/$#(.7L/7/
/(ş37
++&-B$<&*Re*&İI$3(_O7&^#"#7OO(_7&`70$O$4
l7)$#/$#(.7
*Q&HO0;0&*Re*&Ş7/$.7L/7/&G0;#;
*Re+&H#/7O(4&F$/I1ğ1L/1/&ş"J(0(37/7/&$K10#$.1
*Re+&=$3;L0_T$$37[&7I$I7.7/7/&<"3"0#$.1Y
T$$I7/&T(<4(J7/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*ReQ&T(B07._7&'(4<7<$4_1&Ş(3L7OO(L/7/&<"3"0"ş"
*ReQ&T(8#(I&M<7[L7/&I5ğ"#"Y&';3<K(&70<
#5I(3/&412&0"U$41&50$/&k;U$4_1&'1JJ7O(L/7/
/(ş3(I70#(.7Y&F$>$&a$ş$L/1/&O(/7&J73&=$3;L0_
];/"/&<"3#$<0$&UG3(>0(/I7370#(.7Y&=$3;L0_
];/"/_1&-.#$/7L/7/&<$2$/#$.1
X$)73$/&*ReQ&T(<4(J_7&F"04$/7L/7/%&C;08$/(
E$8K(.7L/I(<7&F$3$OL$&J747ş7<&J7/$0$3$
/$<0(I70#(.7
*ReV&b".O$L/1/&<1ş<134#$0$31&>(&a$/7.0$>7.4
[$$07O(40(37/&$34#$.1
*ReV&X"<"<&T(<4(J7%&T;0<7O(&T;8(/I7.
T(<4(J7&>(&HI(J7O$4&T(<4(J7L/I(/&50"ş$/
=$3;L0_];/"/_1&F"04$/7L/7/&$K10#$.1Y&İ.4$/J"0
=$3;L0_T"$007#7L/7/&$K10#$.1Y&İ0<&J$.10#1ş&/54$
Nl54$B1&H#7/&H[(/I7%&*RVf_*@,eP
*ReV&9$3$&U;#3;<0(37/7/&0$ğ>1
*ReV&h.0$8_1&F$/$O7&95#7.O5/"&[$$07O(47/7/
I"3I"3"0#$.1
*ReV_*Ref&=$3;L0_];/"/_1&F"04$/7L/7/&(ğ747#(
J$ş0$#$.1Y&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/I$&.7>70
#;8(/I7.07<&(ğ747#7/7/&J$ş0$#$.1
*Ref&-.#$/01&#$07O(.7/7/&7i$.1/1&$K10$#$.1
*Ref&E5./$_X(3.(<&7.O$/0$31
*Ref&M.<(37&3;şI7O(&#(<4(20(37/7/&$K10#$.1Y
T53$&A(/7ş(873&İI$I7.7L/7/&$K10#$.1
*Re:&E"0U$3&7.O$/0$31
*Re:&9$3$I$ğL1/&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/$
.$>$ş&70$/1

F"04$/&`ST"3$I&N*Re:_*Re:P&NrK&MO&4$844$
<$0#1ş413P

*Re:&MJI;0$)7)L7/&4$844$/&7/I7370#(.7%&`S
T"3$IL1/&4$84$&K1<#$.1

F"04$/&hhSMJI;08$#7I&N*Re:_*@,@P

*Re:&`S&T"3$IL1/&8$0L7&NQ&$O&4$844$&<$0#1ş413P&>(
hhSMJI;08$#7IL7/&B;0"."
*Re:&T(ş3"47O(4L7/&70$/1
*Re:&İ.4$/J"0LI$&E$0<$/&<37)7/7&UG3;ş#(<
;)(3(&7/4(3/$.O5/$0&J73&<5/[(3$/.1/
4520$/#$.1&?&'(3.$/(&95/[(3$/.1
*Re:&İ.47<3$)0$31/&#;3(44(J$4&GI(#(0(37/7/
I"3I"3"0#$.1
*Re:&T(B(00(_7&M8<$#_1&MI07OO(L/7/&.5/
<74$J1/1/&<$J"0;
*Re:&HI(J7&35#$/&8;>7O(47/I(&70<&(.(3&50$/%
l$#1<&9(#$0L7/&İ/47J$81L/1/&/(ş37Y&İ)#73&>(
T$/$.413LI$&O$4101&7I$I70(3&$K10#$.1
+Q&M3$01<&*Re:&hS&T(ş3"47O(4L7/&N9$/"/_1&H.$.7P
70$/1
*Ree&b".O$L/1/&4(B$>;);&>(&-.#$/01_b".
F$>$ş1L/1/&J$ş0$#$.1?&E$0<$/0$3L1/&>(&=5ğ"
M/$I50"L/"/&b".&7şU$07/(&"ğ3$#$.1
*Ree&T$83(B_7&M<0$#L1/&T(<4(J_7&T;0<7O(L/7/
7I$I7&.1/1i$31O0$&J730(ş47370#(<&."3(47O0(
<$0I1310#$.1Y&T(<4(J_7&'1JJ7O(L/7/&4(<3$3
C;08$/(LO(&/$<0(I70#(.7Y&](//_7&b(.7#&>(
T7#$37&T(<4(J7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*Ree_*ReR&=$3;L0_];/"/&>(&T(<4(J_7
F"04$/7L/7/&J73&O10&(ğ747#(&$3$&>(3#(.7
*@&T$34&*Ree&İ0<&T(B07._7&T(JL".$/L1/&7K47#$1
N5&O101/&+R&X$)73$/L1/$&<$I$3&K$01ş13P
+f&HO0;0&*Ree&=(3.$$I(4&E(0(I7O(&9$/"/"
NT(B07._7&T(J".$/LI$&#;)$<(3(&(I70(3(<&<$J"0
(I7073P
f&H<7#&*Ree&`70$O(4&E(0(I7O(&9$/"/"L/"/
<$J"0;
*Q&M3$01<&*Ree&T(B07._7&T(JL".$/L1/&.;3(.7)
4$4707
*ReR&MO$.4([$/5.&>(&E(307/&M/40$ş#$0$31
7#)$0$/#$.1
*ReR&F13J7.4$/%&9$3$I$ğ&>(&b5#$/O$L/1/
#;.4$<70&J73(3&I(>0(4&50#$0$31
*ReR&E"0U$37.4$/&a3(/.07ğ7L/7/&534$O$&K1<#$.1
*ReR&H3#(/7&#(.(0(.7/7/&)"8"3"
*ReR&M07&F"$>7L/7/&G0I;3;0#(.7
*ReR&91J31.L1/&İ/U704(3(&4$3$[1/I$/&(0(
U(K7370#(.7
*ReR&E5./$&>(&X(3.(<L7/&M>".4"3O$_
T$B$37.4$/L1/&7şU$0&>(&7I$3(.7/(&4(3<7
*ReR&T$<(I5/O$&#(.(0(.7/7/&534$O$&K1<#$.1
*Q&Ş"J$4&*ReR&T(B07.7/&<$2$410#$.1
H<7#&*ReR&=$3;L0_];/"/_1&F"04$/7L/7/&4(<3$3
(ğ747#(&J$ş0$#$.1
*Re@&hhS&MJI;08$#7I&I(>37/I(&J$.10$/
<$7#(0(37/&4520$41012&7#8$&(I70#(.7
*Re@&T(8$<7#_1&l7)$#7O(&'(ş<70$41
9$/"/"L/"/&<$J"0;
*Re@&T(<$47J_7&F1JO$/7O(&=$73(.7L/7/
<"3"0#$.1Y&T$$37[&#(3<()&4(ş<70$41/1/&O(/7I(/
I;)(/0(/#(.7
*Re@&^."0_1&T"8$<(#$4_1&!()$7OO(
9$/"/"L/"/&<$J"0;
*RR,&`(3U7&3([53#"
*RR,&A$[$_9"I;.&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
4$#$#0$/#$.1
*RR,&İ0<&<GO&35#$/1%&M8#(I&T7I8$4L1/
E$847O$301<L1/1/&/(ş37Y&=$3;L0_];/"/_1&F"04$/7
'"3"<&"&T$$J73&T(<4(J7L/7/&70<&#()"/0$31/1
>(3#(.7
*RR,&^."0_1&T"8$<(#$4_1&X"<"<7OO(
9$/"/"L/"/&<$J"0;
*Q&T$34&*RR,&İ.4$/J"0LI$&J73&<1)&7I$I7.7/7/
$K10#$.1
H<7#&*RR,&=$3;L0_];/"/_1&F"04$/7&X"<"<
T(<4(J7L/7/&70<&#()"/0$31/1&>(3#(.7
+,&M3$01<&*RR,&=$3;L0_];/"/_1&F"04$/7L/7/&70<
#()"/0$31/1&>(3#(.7Y&o5"3/$0&I(&0$&F5B7(4(&I(
a8$3#$B7(&I(&!5/4$/47/520(L"/&O$O1/0$/#$.1Y
!(#7O(4_h&İ0#7O(L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*RR*&T".4$[$&9(#$0L7/&=5ğ"#"
*RR*&T1.13L1/&İ/U707)0(3&4$3$[1/I$/&7şU$07
*RR*&T"8$33(#&9$3$3/$#(.7L/7/&/(ş37
*RR*&=;O"/_1&^#"#7OO(&7I$3(.7/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*RR*&T;8(/I7.8$/(LI(&#;#4$)&.1/1[&$I1
$041/I$&O(/7&J73&.1/1[&4(ş<70&(I70#(.7Y&=$3;L0_
];/"/_1&F"04$/1&'"3"<&"&T$$J73&T(<4(J7L/7/
[$$07O(40(37/7/&.5/&J"0#$.1Y&-3#$/&>(&T$$I7/
T(<4(20(37L/7/&J730(ş47370#(.7
*RR+&'"/".L"/&]3$/.1)0$3&4$3$[1/I$/&7şU$07
+&-B$<&*RR+&F$/$O7_7&l(m.(&T(<4(J7L/7/
<"3"0#$.1&>(&-.#$/&X$#I7&E(OL7/&#;I;3
50#$.1
*RRQ&-.#$/01&53I"."/"/&a3".O$&$.<(37&8(O(47
4$3$[1/I$/&1.0$81/$&J$ş0$/#$.1
+,&X$)73$/&*RRV&T;0<7O(&T;8(/I7.&T(<4(J7
<"3"0#$.1
*&9$.1#&*RRV&T;0<7O(&T;8(/I7.&T(<4(J7L/7/
T;8(/I7.8$/(_h&E(337_h&X;#$O"/L"/&J73
5I$.1/I$&(ğ747#7/(&J$ş0$#$.1
*RRf&=5ğ"&b"#(07L/7/&E"0U$37.4$/&4$3$[1/I$/
708$<1
*RRf&MJI;08$<&X$#7IL7/&T$<J(3L7/7/&/(ş37
*R&HO0;0&*RRf&=5ğ"&b"#(07&(O$0(47&>$0707ğ7/7/
E"0U$37.4$/&23(/.7/(&>(370(3(<&J"&JG0U(I(<7
<5/4350;/&)$O1i$#$.1
*RR:&MI$/$_T(3.7/&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
4$#$#0$/#$.1
*RR:&T$$37[&l()$3(47L/(&J$ğ01&50$3$<&T(<$47J_7
C$O37&#;.07#(&>(&HB/(J7O(&T;[(447ş07ğ7L/7/
<"3"0#$.1
*RR:_*RRe&=$3;L0_#"$007#7/L7/&O$4101&8$0(
U(47370#(.7
*RRe&A(I7<"0(&X$>$U$)1&]$J37<$.1L/1/
<"3"0#$.1
*RRe&M8#(I&X$ş7#L7/&I5ğ"#"Y&Ş(><7
H[(/I7L/7/&İ.4$/J"0LI$&>([$41
f&Ş"J$4&*RRe&E(ş73&]"$IL1/&7/478$31
*RRR&X$OI$32$ş$_İ)#73_M/<$3$&I(#73O50"
7#47O$)1/1/&M0#$/0$3L$&>(370#(.7
*RRR&E$O4$3&.1/1[1/1/&4(<3$3&X$3J7O(&T(<4(J7
J;/O(.7/(&$01/#$.1
*RR@&İ4478$I_1&-.#$/1&!(#7O(47L/7/&Nİ4478$4&>(
'(3$<<7P&<"3"0#$.1
*RR@&İI$I7&Gğ3(/7#7/(&I$O$/$/&IG34&O1001<&J73
T;0<7O(&E$O4$3&T(<4(J7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*R@,&E"0U$3&T$<(I5/O$&>(&M/$I50"LI$
H3#(/7&78470$0&K(4(0(37/7/&[$$07O(40(37/7
$34413#$0$31
*R@*&T;0<7O(&E$O4$3&T(<4(J7L/7/&X$0<$01&d73$$4
T(<4(J7L/(&O$4101&50$3$<&/$<0(I70#(.7
*R@*&A50&7/ş$$41/I$&J(I(/(/&K$01ş#$
#(BJ"37O(47/7/&2$3$O$&K(>370#(.7
*R@*&9$I1<GO&9"3J$ğ$01I(3(&X$>$U$)1
]$J37<$.1L/1/&<"3"0#$.1
*R@*&X(3(<(&]$J37<$.1L/1/&8$01&<1.#1/1/
$K10#$.1
Q&9$.1#&*R@*&=$3;L0_T"$007#L7/&$07O(&ş"J(.7
$K10#$.1
*R@+&X$OI$32$ş$_İ)#74&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
7ş0(4#(O(&$K10#$.1
*R@+&-3#$/&>(&T$I(/&T(<4(J7L/7/
<$2$410#$.1Y&hhS&MJI;08$#7I&4$3$[1/I$/
A10I1)LI$&253.(0(/&$4G0O(0(37/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*R@Q_*R@:&İ.4$/J"0_F(0$/7<&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
O$21#1
*R@V&X$0<$01&d73$$4&>(&E$O4$3&T(<4(J7L/7/&70<
>(4(37/(3&#()"/0$31/1&>(3#(.7Y&İ##$B"0•(
!5/.(2475/&>(O$&F4&T$37(&5<"0"/"/
<"3"0#$.1Y&İ0<&J$.10#1ş&#".7<7&0"U$41&NX5B$
9$)1#&E(OL7/&T".7<7&h.410$8$41P
*R@V&F$."/LI$&H3#(/7&50$O0$31
*R@V&F(0$/7<_T$/$.413&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
4$#$#0$/#$.1
*R@f&İ.4$/J"0LI$&H3#(/7&50$O0$31%&O$J$/B1
I(>0(40(37/&H3#(/70(3&0(87/I(&#;I$8$0(0(37
*R@f&C$0$4$&b1841#1&7/ş$$41/1/&4$#$#0$/#$.1
*R@f&C$O37&#;.07#&5<"00$31/$&';3<K(&#"$007#7
4$O7/7/7/&<$3$30$ş41310#$.1
*R@f&E$3"48$/(_7&M#73(LI(&I"#$/.1)&J$3"4
7#$0&(I70#(.7
*V&Ş"J$4&*R@f&F$I3$)$#&F$7I&a$ş$L/1/&J(ş
[$<;04(I(/&WI$3;L0_7B$)(Z&50"ş$/&J73&I$3;L0_
[;/"/&<"3#$&4(<07m
*R@:&'(>m<&]7<3(4L7/&F(3>(4_7&];/"/L"/&(I(J7
.$O[$0$31/1/&7I$3(B707ğ7/7&O;<0(/#(.7O0(
HI(J7O$4_1&!(I7I(&I(>37/7/&J$ş0$#$.1
*R@:&H3#(/70(37/&-.#$/01&E$/<$.1L/1/
İ.4$/J"0&ş"J(.7/(&.$0I13#$0$31
*R@:&C7374&7.O$/1/1/&$0(>0(/#(.7
*R@:&H.<7ş(873_95/O$&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
4$#$#0$/#$.1
*R@e&A"/$/&<">>(40(37/7/&C7374L(&K1<#$.1%
A"/$/&K(4(0(37/7/&b"#(07LI(<7&-.#$/01
.1/130$31/$&.$0I13#$0$31
*e&l7.$/&*R@e&-.#$/01_A"/$/&F$>$ş1&>(
-.#$/01&)$[(37
*R@R&C7374&#(.(0(.7/7/&I(>$#&(4#(.7Y&$I$O$
#"84$37O(4&>(370#(.7&-.#$/01&<">>(40(37/7/
U(37&K(<70#(.7%&A"/$/&23(/.7&A53U7L/7/&>$07
50$3$<&<$J"0&(I70#(.7
*R@@&E$ğI$4&I(#73O50"&7#47O$)1/1/&M0#$/0$3L$
>(370#(.7
*R@@&M37mO(_MI$2$)$31&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/
$K10#$.1
*@,,&X7B$)&=(#73O50"L/"/&7/ş$.1/$&U737ş70#(.7
*@,,&İ.4$/J"0&b1841#1&7/ş$$41/1/
4$#$#0$/#$.1
*@,,&=$3;L0&];/"/_1&Ş$8$/(L/7/&<"3"0#$.1&NQ*
Mğ".45.P
*@,*&F(3>(4_7&];/"/&I(3U7.7/7/&U(K7B7&50$3$<
<$2$410#$.1O0$&HI(J7O$4_1&!(I7I(
4520"0"ğ"/"/&I$ğ10#$.1
*@,*&T$<(I5/O$LI$&K(4(&[$$07O(40(37/7/
$34#$.1%&J;O;<&I(>0(40(37/&#;I$8$0(0(37
*@,*_*@,R&X7B$)&I(#73O50"&8$441/1/&O$21#1
*@,+&A(#(/&7.O$/0$31/1/&4(<3$3&J$ş0$#$.1
*@,+&T$<(I5/O$LI$&E"0U$3&İ8470$0&!(#7O(47L/7/
[$$07O(47&N+Q&9$.1#P
*@,+&!"#L$_1&E$0$&$O$<0$/#$.1&N+Q&9$.1#P
*@,+&X;.(O7/&X70#7&a$ş$L/1/&U(/7ş&O(4<70(30(
W"#"#7&#;[(447şZ&50$3$<&T$<(I5/O$LO$&4$O7/7
NR&M3$01<P
*@,Q&Ş$#&T(<4(J_7&'1JJ7O(.7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1&NQ*
Mğ".45.P
*@,Q&T;3).4(U&a35U3$#1&?&T$<(I5/O$LO$
#"84$37O(4&>(370#(.7&NHO0;0P
*@,V&X$OI$32$ş$&b1841#1L/1/&4$#$#0$/$3$<
7ş0(4#(O(&$K10#$.1
*@,f&X(3(<(&]$J37<$.1L/I$&[(.&7#$0$41/$
J$ş0$/#$.1
*@,f&H3#(/70(3L7/&hhS&MJI;08$#7IL(&J5#J$01
.$0I131&4(34720(#(0(37&N+*&'(##")P
*@,:&M<$J(&50$O0$31&>(&M<$J(&<37)7
*@,R&-.#$/01&HB)$B1&İ4478$4&!(#7O(47L/7/
<"3"0#$.1Y&-.#$/01&!(#7O(4_7&İ0#7O(_7
E$O4$37O(.7L/7/&$K10#$.1Y&-.#$/01&T;8(/I7.&>(
T7#$3&!(#7O(47L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*@,R&hhS&T(ş3"47O(4L7/&70$/1&N+Q&'(##")P
*@,R&M>".4"3O$_T$B$37.4$/
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&E5./$_X(3.(<L7&708$<
(447ğ7/7&70$/&(4#(.7&Nf&H<7#P
*@,R&C7374&b"#0$31L/1/&$I$O1&A"/$/7.4$/L$
J$ğ0$I1<0$31/1&70$/&(4#(0(37&N:&H<7#P
*@,R&hhS&T(ş3"47O(4&IG/(#7&70<&T(B07._7
T(J".$/L1/&4520$/#$.1&N*e&M3$01<P
*@,@&MI$/$LI$&H3#(/70(3L7/&$O$<0$/#$0$31
*@,@&C$O37&#;.07#0(3(&WJ(I(0Z&O(37/(&$.<(307<
87)#(47&<5/"0#$.1
*@,@&](B3_7&M47&(I(J7&4520"0"ğ"/"/&<"3"0"ş"
*@,@_*@*,&-.#$/01&T;8(/I7.&>(&T7#$3
T(B#"$.1L/1/&K1<#$.1
*@,@&Q*&T$34&-0$O1&N*Q&l7.$/P
*@,@&X$3(<(4&-3I"."L/"/&A(ş70<GOL(&>$3#$.1%
İ.4$/J"0LI$<7&<$3U$ş$O$&.5/&>(3(3(<&I;)(/7
.$ğ0$#$.1&N*@&l7.$/P

F"04$/&`ST(8#(I&Nb(ş$IP&N*@,@_*@*RP

*@,@&hhS&MJI;08$#7IL7/&4$844$/&7/I7370#(.7%&`S
T(8#(I&b(ş$IL1/&4$84$&K1<$310#$.1&N+e&l7.$/P
*@,@&T(B07.7/&$K10#$.1&N*e&M3$01<P
*@*,&M3/$>"40$3L1/&$O$<0$/#$0$31
*@*,&=$8707&U;#3;<0(37/&4$#$#(/
<$0I1310#$.1
*@**&F"04$/&b(ş$IL1/&M3/$>"40$3L1&4(.<7/&7K7/
b"#(07&.(O$8$47/(&K1<$3410#$.1
*@**&İ4$0O$L/1/&'3$J0".U$32&>(&E7/CD)7LO(
.$0I13#$.1&>(&7şU$07
*@**&C$O37&#;.07#&B(#$$40(37/&J730(ş(3(<
#(<4(20(37&<5/"."/I$&O(/7&J73&I;)(/0(#(
7.4(#(0(37
*@**_*@*+&-.#$/01&İ4$0O$/&F$>$ş1
*@*+&A(ş70<GO&X$>$&^K"ş&-<"0"L/"/&$K101ş1
*@*+&_*@*Q&E$0<$/&I(>0(40(37/7/&-.#$/01_
İ4$0O$/&F$>$ş1L/I$/&7.47[$I(&(4#(<&7.4(#(0(37&?
E$0<$/&F$>$ş1
*@*+&T(B07._7&T(J".$/L1/&[(.87&N*@,R_*@*+
-.#$/01&T(B07._7&T(J".$/1P&N*R&-B$<P
*@*+&hhS&=G/(#&T(B07._7&T(J".$/L1/
4520$/#$.1&N*R&l7.$/P
*@*+&İ4$0O$/0$3L1/&b5I5.%&-/7<7&MI$&>(
g$/$<<$0(&E5ğ$)1L/$&4(B$>;)0(37&N*R&l7.$/P
*@*+&hhS&=G/(#&T(B07._7&T(JL".$/L1/&[(.87&Nf
Mğ".45.P
*@*+&CD)7&M8#(I&T"84$3&a$ş$&8;<;#(47?
E;O;<&9$J7/(&N++&'(##")P
*@*+&'3$J0".&>(&E7/CD)7L/7/&İ4$0O$LO$&4(3<7?&^ş7
M/40$ş#$.1%&b5I5.&>(&-/7<7&MI$L/1/&İ4$0O$
(07/I(&<$0#$.1&N*f&H<7#P
*@*+&91J31.01&T(8#(I&9D#70&a$ş$L/1/&.$I$3(47
N+@&H<7#P
*@*+&M3/$>"40"<L"/&7.47<0$07/7&70$/&(4#(.7&N+@
9$.1#P
*@*Q&EDJ_1&n07&E$.<1/1&?&T$8#"I&Ş(><(4
a$ş$L/1/&.$I$3(47&N+Q&-B$<P
*@*Q&hS&E$0<$/&F$>$ş1L/1/&.5/$&(3#(.7&NQ,
T$O1.P
*@*Q&F$I3$)$#&T$8#"I&Ş(><(4&a$ş$L/1/
G0I;3;0#(.7%&F$7I&X$07#&a$ş$L/1/&.$I$3(47&N**
X$)73$/P
*@*Q&hhS&E$0<$/&F$>$ş1L/1/&J$ş0$#$.1&N+@
X$)73$/P
*@*Q&HI73/(L/7/&U(37&$01/#$.1&N+*&'(##")P
*@*Q&-.#$/01_E"0U$3&J$31ş1&?&İ.4$/J"0
M/40$ş#$.1&N+@&HO0;0P
*@*Q&-.#$/01_A"/$/&J$31ş1&?&M47/$&M/40$ş#$.1
N*V&9$.1#P
*@*V&=1ş&47B$3(44(&U;#3;<&3(.#7&53$/1/1/
|*fL(&K1<$310#$.1
*@*V&h.0$8_1&T(I$37.&l7)$#/$#(.7
*@*V&';3<&E70U7&=(3/(ğ7L/7/&<"3"0#$.1Y
T(I3(.(4L;0_X$44$47/L7/&<"3"0#$.1Y&=$3L;0_
X70$[(47L0_M07OO(&T(I3(.(0(37L/7/&<"3"0#$.1
*@*V&fS&T(B07._7&T(J".$/L1/&$K101ş1&N*V&T$O1.P
*@*V&M>".4"3O$_T$B$37.4$/&>(07$8I1&M3ş7I;<
]3$/)&](3I7/$/I&F$3$OJ5./$LI$&G0I;3;0#(.7
N+R&X$)73$/P
*@*V&M>".4"3O$_T$B$37.4$/
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&F13J7.4$/L$&.$>$ş&70$/1&N+R
'(##")P
*@*V&M0#$/O$L/1/&b".O$LO$&.$>$ş&70$/1&N*
Mğ".45.P
*@*V&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&70(&M0#$/O$
$3$.1/I$&7447[$<&$/40$ş#$.1/1/&7#)$0$/#$.1&N+
Mğ".45.P
*@*V&M0#$/O$L/1/&]3$/.$LO$%&İ/U704(3(L/7/
M0#$/O$LO$&.$>$ş&70$/1?&hS&=;/O$&F$>$ş1L/1/
J$ş0$#$.1&NV&Mğ".45.P
*@*V&M0#$/&.$>$ş&U(#70(37&C5J(/&>(
E3(.0$>L1/&NA$>")&>(&T7I7007P&E5ğ$)0$3I$/
U(K#(0(37/(&7)7/&>(370#(.7&N*,&Mğ".45.P

A$>")&NC5J(/P&d13801.1

T7I7007&NE3(.0$>P&d13801.1

*@*V&*&H<7#&4$3787/I(/&U(K(307&50#$<&;)(3(
<$274;0$.O5/0$31/&<$0I1310#$.1&N@&HO0;0P
*@*V&İ.0$8_1&T(I$37.&l7)$#/$#(.7L/7/
O$O1/0$/#$.1&N+@&HO0;0P
*@*V&M0#$/O$LO$&$74&C5J(/&>(&E3(.0$>
)138010$31/1/&';3<&J$O3$ğ1&K(<70(3(<%&b".
07#$/0$31/1&J5#J$0$#$.1&N+@&H<7#P
*@*V&H/>(3&a$ş$&<"#$/I$.1/I$<7&-.#$/01
<">>(40(37/7/&F$31<$#1ş&X$3(<D41&N9$.1#
M3$01<P
*@*V&b".O$L/1/&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/(
.$>$ş&70$/1&NQ&9$.1#P
*@*V&İ/U704(3(&>(&]3$/.$L/1/&-.#$/01
İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/$&.$>$ş&70$/1&Nf&9$.1#P
*@*V&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/&İ470$[
=(>0(40(37L/(&.$>$ş&70$/1&N**&9$.1#P
*@*V&!78$I_1&H<J(3&70$/1&N*V&9$.1#P
*@*V&T1.13L1/&İ/U704(3(&87#$O(.7/I(&J73&W<3$001<Z
8$07/(&U(47370#(.7%&-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"L/"/
8"<"<"/$&.5/&>(370#(.7&N*R&M3$01<P
*@*f&C;#3;<&3(.#7&53$/1/1/&|Q,L$
O;<.(0470#(.7
*@*f&T(<4(J_7&'1JJ7O(L/7/&=$3;L0_];/"/L$
J$ğ0$/$3$<&J"U;/<;&İ.4$/J"0&r/7>(3.74(.7&'12
]$<;04(.7L/(&IG/;ş#(.7
*@*f&!(#$0&a$ş$&<"#$/I$.1/I$<7&-.#$/01
<">>(40(37/7/&9$/$0&F([(37
*@*f&T;44(m<0(37/&g$/$<<$0(&E5ğ$)1L/1
U(K#(O(&K$01ş#$.1&?&g$/$<<$0(&F$>$ş0$31&N-B$<
*R&T$34P
*@*f&=5ğ"&M/$I50"LI$&b".0$3L0$&7şJ7307ğ7&O$2$/
H3#(/7&/;["."/&7K&JG0U(0(3(&4$ş1/#$.1&?&'(8B73
9$/"/"&+e&T$O1.
*@*:&X7B$)&>(&T(<<(L/7/&<$OJ1
*@*:&=$3L;0_X70$[(47L0_M07OO(&T(I3(.(0(37
;.4;/I(&T(I3(.(4;L0_T;4(8$..1.1/&$I1&$041/I$
J73&7847.$.&#(I3(.(.7&<"3"0#$.1Y&İ0<&T".7<7
B(#7O(47&N=$3;L4_'$07#_7&T".7<7P
*@*e&A10I131#&-3I"0$31&C3"J"L/"/&<"3"0#$.1
*@*e&F7/$&>(&]707.47/&!(28(.7L/7/&KG<;ş;

*@*e&b".O$LI$&E50ş(>7<&İ8470$07L/7/&K1<#$.1&>(
K$301ğ1/&.5/"
*@*e&Ş(3L7OO(&#$8<(#(0(37/7/&MI07O(
l()$3(47/(&J$ğ0$/#$.1
*@*e&M#(37<$&E730(ş7<&=(>0(40(37L/7/&.$>$ş$
7ş473$<7&>(&M0#$/O$LO$&.$>$ş&70$/1&N+f&T$34P
*@*R&Ş$#&T(<4(J_7&'1JJ7O(.7L/7/&E(O3"4L"/
7şU$07&/(47B(.7/I(&<$2$/#$.1Y&CD)7&M8#(I
T"84$3&a$ş$L/1/&G0;#;&N:&l7.$/P
*@*R&E3(.4&k745>.<&E$31ş&M/40$ş#$.1&NQ&T$34P

F"04$/&`hST(8#(I&N`$8I(II7/P&N*@*R_*@++P

*@*R&F"04$/&b(ş$IL1/&>([$41&>(&T(8#(I
`$8I(II7/L7/&4$84$&K1<#$.1
*@*R&E"0U$37.4$/L1/&.$>$ş4$/&K(<70#(.7&N+
H<7#P
*@*R&F$I3$)$#&'$0$4&a$ş$L/1/&7.47[$.1%&M8#(I
İ))(4&a$ş$L/1/&.$I$3(47&NR&H<7#P
*@*R&T5/I35.&T;4$3(<(.7L/7/&7#)$0$/#$.1
NQ,&H<7#P
*@*R&M0#$/O$&>(&M>".4"3O$L/1/&.$>$ş4$/
K(<70#(0(37&NQ&9$.1#_V&9$.1#P
*@*R&M8#(I&İ))(4&a$ş$L/1/&7.47[$.1&>(&M8#(I
'(>m<&a$ş$L/1/&.$I$3(47&NR&9$.1#P
*@*R&İ470$[&=(>0(40(37L/7/&İ.4$/J"0&G/0(37/(
U(0(3(<&ş(837&4(.07#&$0#$0$31&N*Q&9$.1#P
*@*@&=$#$4&](37I&a$ş$L/1/&.$I$3(47?&X;337O(4
>(&İ470$[&]13<$.1L/7/&7<47I$3$&U(K#(.7
*@*@&A"/$/010$3L1/&İ)#73L7&7şU$07&>(&E$41
M/$I50"LI$&70(30(#(0(37&N*f&T$O1.P
*@*@&T".4$[$&9(#$0&a$ş$L/1/&İ.4$/J"0
X;<;#(47&4$3$[1/I$/&M/$I50"LO$&UG/I(370#(.7
N*@&T$O1.P
*@*@&H3)"3"#&95/U3(.7&N+Q&'(##")P
*@*@&F7>$.&95/U3(.7&NV&HO0;0P
*@*@&=$#$4&](37IL7/&7.47[$.1&>(&M07&b1)$&a$ş$L/1/
.$I$3(47&N+&H<7#P
*@*@&M#$.O$&a3545<50;&N++&H<7#P
*@*@&T7.$<_1&T7007?&T7007&U$O(&>(&8(I(i(37/%
#7007&.1/130$31/&J(0730(/(3(<&70$/1&N+@&9$.1#P
*@+,&T(<4(J_7&X$3J7O(L/7/&M/<$3$LI$&WF"/"[_1
T"84(07[(&d$J74&l$#)(40(37&'$07#U$81Z&50$3$<
$K10#$.1
*@+,&İ470$[&7şU$0&<">>(40(37/7/&İ.4$/J"0LI$<7
3(.#7&J7/$0$3$&U73#(0(37%&F5/&-.#$/01&T(B07._7
T(J".$/1L/1/&I$ğ1410#$.1&>(&<$2$/#$.1
*@+,&=$#$4&](37I&a$ş$L/1/&.$I$3(47&Nf&l7.$/P
*@+,&](37I&a$ş$&8;<;#(47/7/&T".4$[$&9(#$0L7
7I$#$&#$8<"#&(4#(.7&>(&$.<(307<4(/&4$3I1
N**&T$O1.P
*@+,&İ.4$/J"0&X;<;#(47L/7/&F(>3&M/40$ş#$.1L/1
7#)$0$/#$.1&N*,&Mğ".45.P
*@+,&C;#3;&M/40$ş#$.1L/1/&7#)$0$/#$.1&NQ
M3$01<P
*@+*&k5/I3$&95/[(3$/.1?&M/$I50"&7K7/&.G)
.GO0(#(&8$<<1/1/&M/<$3$&X;<;#(47L/I(
50I"ğ"/"/&4(.2747&N+e&-B$<&*+&Ş"J$4P
*@+*&hhS&İ/G/;&F$>$ş1&NQ*&T$34P
*@+*&F$<$3O$&T(OI$/&F$>$ş1&NQ&HO0;0P
*@+*&]3$/.$&70(&J$31ş&N+,&HO0;0P&NJ<)S&';3<_
]3$/.1)&!(28(.7P
*@++&E$ş<5#"4$/01<&T(OI$/&T"8$3(J(.7&N+e
Mğ".45.P
*@++&İ)#73L7/&<"34"0"ş"&N@&HO0;0P
*@++&T"I$/O$&T;4$3(<(.7&N**&H<7#P
*@++&F$04$/$41/&9$0I1310#$.1&N*&9$.1#P
*@++&T(8#(4&`$87I(447/L7/&O"34I1ş1/$&K1<#$.1
>(&MJI;0#(B7I&H[(/I7L/7/&8$07[(&50$3$<
.(K70#(.7&N*:&9$.1#P

-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&M3#$.1

-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&X$374$.1

←&E$J;3&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"

MJI;08$<&X$#74&'$38$/&→

E73&!(>$2&A$)1/
A53"#&O$2$J70#(<&7K7/&U737ş&O$2#$01.1/1)S

g(>737&c&'3$/.0$4(

Selecteer een taal

Mogelijk gemaakt door Translate

a$O0$ş

] ' a7 ' =
$ y /4 " (
9$4(U5370(3

';3<0(3&X$<<1/I$&N:P

'$3784(&9"3"0#"ş&*:&';3<&=(>0(47&N*:P

E;O;<&';3<&Ş$8.7O(40(37&N++VP

E;O;<&';3<&H.(30(37&NeP

';3<0(3I(&E707#&NQP

E;O;<&';3<&E707#&MI$#0$31&N+fP

';3<0(3I(&F$/$4&N:P

';3<0(3I(&F253&NfP

';3<&=707&>(&HI(J7O$41&N*+P

';3<&=(.4$/0$31&N*QP

=(I(&953<"4&X7<$O(0(37&N*QP

';3<&T;)7ğ7&N**P

';3<&T"4[$ğ1&NfP

';3<0(3I(&=(/7)B707<&N++P

E;O;<&';3<&=(/7)B70(37&N*RP

';3<0(3I(&M.<(307<&NfP

-.#$/01&a$I7ş$80$31&NQ:P

C(/(0&N+QP

T".4$[$&9(#$0&M'M'rb9&N*fP

';3<&=;/O$.1&N+*P

';3<&'$3787/7/&p/(#07&-0$O0$31&NfP

-.#$/01&İ#2$3$4530"ğ"&N@P

! " # $ % &
!52O37U84&Ä&+,++&'"3<5.[(3S&M00&37U84.&3(.(3>(IS
'8(#(?&!5053T$U&JO&'8(#(C3700S&a5y(3(I&JO
x53Ia3(..S

You might also like