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Topic “Motivation Project Plan”

Name= Simranjeet Kaur

ID= 45051562

Date=13-02-2022

Subject=7026 Special Topic In Education

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Contents
Motivation..................................................................................................................................................2
Motivation Important in Learning...........................................................................................................2
Motivation Help Enhancing the Academic Procedure............................................................................3
Key Issue Value of Learning.....................................................................................................................3
Value Of Motivation Among Students.....................................................................................................4
Factors Of Motivation...............................................................................................................................4
Intrinsic Motivation...................................................................................................................................6
Key Issues in Intrinsic Motivation...........................................................................................................6
Extrinsic Motivation..................................................................................................................................7
Key Issues in Extrinsic Motivation...........................................................................................................7
Effects Of Cooperative Learning on Students.........................................................................................8
Benefits From Cooperative Learning.......................................................................................................8
Negatives Effects of Cooperative Learning..............................................................................................9
Students’ Performance Improves from Cooperative Learning............................................................10
Behaviour And Humanistic Approaches To Classroom.......................................................................11
Humanistic Approach in The Classroom...............................................................................................11
Humanistic Parenting.............................................................................................................................12
Key Issue in Humanistic Approach........................................................................................................12
Humanistic Therapy................................................................................................................................13
Key Issue in Humanistic Approach........................................................................................................13
References................................................................................................................................................15
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Motivation
Motivation is essential in life it gives purpose to life and gives meaning to life.
Motivation is the desire to act towards something and to achieve goals. It acts as the crucial
element in setting and attaining the objectives (Akhmetshin et al., 2018). It is known as the
driving force behind every human behaviour and it is continuously striving towards the desire to
achieve the meaning, purpose and something worth living for. Amoatey (2021) explain in a study
that, motivation reflects something unique and allow one to gain meaningful outcomes such as
enhanced wellbeing, sense of purpose, improved performance and personal growth. Budd (2020)
observed that fear is the primal instinct that as the cave f dwellers and keeps humans alive
because if humans personally face and survive the bad experience, they avoid it in the future.

The article by (Schunk & Dibenedetto, 2020) was all about motivation concerning
cognitive theory and how the motivation will be directed to sustain the goals directed activities,
as it is the main feature of cognitive theory. This article also discusses the types of motivation
and which type is more important. Critical issues which arise in the research of this study was
confronting the theory of diversity and culture. According to Amoatey (2021), culture and
diversity in society have long term effects on people and students face this issue very promptly
because they meet with students having different backgrounds.

Motivation Important in Learning

Students for Motivation is not only important for learning purpose it provides the strategy
to students to find their purpose in life and direction in life for better achievement of goals.
Students who persist to learn more quality content, produce higher quality efforts, perform better
in classes and standardize their tests and perform better in classes. It is considered common sense
and can be reinforced by hundreds of students. Learning is an important part of motivation it
makes the school more meaningful for students which seems vital for educational reforms
because nowadays education is more like a business teacher are just reading out the books and
students have to remember those things. Students are not learning the main concept they are just
remembering the words, so in this sense essence of learning is disrupted.

Motivation Help Enhancing the Academic Procedure

To increase the interest of student’s teachers, help their students to build their connection
between their different aspects of lives and the content they are learning. Building connection
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means that in which form school is relevant to students lives. Through these activities, the
administration can encourage students to discover the value of their own lives rather than
teachers imposing their interests and goals on students. Schools’ administration can boost student
engagement, attainment and persistence by involving them in discussion and asking a question
like what they like about school. Through this activity, students can see that high school is a
good place to learn.

When teachers show support and concern to students and also show interest in their ideas
and experiences which they produce in class, students get excited and participate in class more
frequently .According to Alsawaier, (2018)article, teachers should communicate the sense of
caring to each student and keep an eye on them how they are doing. Showing kindness and
sensitivity to students further enhance the environment of the class, whereas the directive,
threats, sarcasm and imposed goals harm students.

Key Issue Value of Learning

While few would be categorized that innovation in advanced education will reduce stress
and it is basically the future of learning but it requires a large amount of investment and it also
has to provide promising results and improved learning. But one thing is alarmin that whether the
technology is delivering promising results or not. Because there is no limitation on technological
based learning systems so in this critical part is how teachers have to train students to learn
according to their age. The intersection between technology and learning is a critical path to
follow, but on the other hand, it is time-saving, it is considered as different from traditional
norms and recognizing the value technology will bring the learning experience to a new level
whether it is face to face and its setting should be growing.

According to Alsawaier, (2018)article, the better way to gain better outcomes is better
that teachers should provide technological base education face to face and put a proxy on other
sites as well so that students would not use technology for another purpose. To evaluate the
outcome, the teacher's scorecard via technology is used to measure the effectiveness of the
learning and countries who are actively engaged in classroom learning their assessment are
focused on evidence of improved learning, a strategy that improves teaching and supports the
technological tool.
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Value Of Motivation Among Students

When students are engaged in an interesting task, they tend to put more focus on a task
and have less focus on cognitive and emotional energy focus on the social image. Students who
are involved in motivating activities, the report suggest that their sense of self-consciousness and
other stressors fade away for the time being. Motivated students emotionally bounce back from
low to high grades. Motivation gives the reflection of something unique about every individual
and allows to achieve greater outcomes and it is mainly considered as the pathway to change the
way of thinking, behaving and feeling. While discussing motivation, self-motivation is another
dimension of motivation that needs to explore, personal drive to achieve the ambition of life or
personal empowerment which is also known as self-determination. The concept of self-
motivation is an important skill ad drives people to keep going even when they face setbacks and
to take opportunities and show commitment to what they want to achieve.

Mindset matters a lot and it has two types one is a fixed mindset and the other is a growth
mindset. Fixed mindset believe that talent is ingrained and others cannot change the level of
ability. In a growth mindset, they believe that skills can be improved through effort and hard
work. There are certain benefits and disadvantages of motivation as well which will affect the
mindset of children in schools and their personal life as well. This report will further discuss the
types of motivation, how motivation help in enhancing academic performance in students and
what is the role of motivation in learning and how it will affect the performance of students in
educational institutes. There are advantages and disadvantages of types of motivation which are
also discussed in the report.

Factors Of Motivation
Motivation is the state which maintains the student's attention and provides more energy
needed to lead the task for completion. According to Alsawaier, (2018), Motivation help to
sustain the activities for a longer period and in education motivation have various effects on
students behaviour. Various factors influence students and these are as follows;

 Teachers Behaviors and Personality

If students have negative emotions such as fear or disliking towards their teacher, it could
harm students and towards the subject as well. Buddhapriya and Bhatt, (2018) stated in the
article, that If teachers show favoritism towards certain students and use derogatory or
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humiliating language, it will lower the motivation in education. On the other hand, optimism,
positive remarks, kindness and encouragement can positively affect the student's motivation
level.

 Teaching Methods

Most students retain their motivation in education if teachers use different methods for
teaching because it creates students’ interest, diversity and prevents students from getting bored
in class. Teachers should have provided certain choices such as initiating activities and students
could work with their partners which enhance their communications skills. students in a single
class are likely to have different styles of learning procedures, thus it is the teacher's
responsibility to meet these needs and apply different methods as well. By ensuring to best
knowledge and skill are learned that should be applied in real life also. Puspitarini and Hanif,
(2019)also observed in the study that in some cases enrollment in extracurricular activities tutor
could help in a better way and address the needs which are not met in school.

 Parental Habits and Involvement

There are very few parental habits that affect the motivation of children such as showing
interest in child learning materials, asking about their day at school, actively listening to their
stories, attending the parents-teachers meeting and helping in the specific task or skills which are
taught in school and encourage children to do their work on time and study for the test as well. It
is also proven that motivation is gained from reading and reading helps students to develop
literacy and it is faster than talking as well. The reading comprehension level also increased and
determine the success of students in later school years.

 Learning Environment

Educational institutes have a greater influence on students and it is one of the greatest
sources of motivation as well. School environment refers to different regulations and norms
which determine the overall ambience of the schooling system. Mohebi et al., (2019)observe in
the study that, a positive school environment makes students feel safe and secure in which basic
needs are fulfilled and also provide a suitable environment that makes them build a healthy
relationship. A serious class environment and a learning environment that is too strict can lower
the motivation level in education. Adding a fun element in classes help to lower the serious
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environment and improve the level of motivation and rets also have a positive effect on the
environment.

 Assessment

The standardized assessment attainment will also affect the motivation level and
negatively affects the student's motivation in education. The opposite can be seen in Finland
where children did not give tests till grade 4rth and despite the lack of assessment, they have
higher academic achievement levels. Miele and Scholer, (2018) stated that however, it is
common for students to lose motivation where tests are continuously challenging. This does not
provide a sense of achievement and also lower the motivation in education over time. Educators
need to experiment with different ideas and methods which are effective in the classroom.
Testing methods would address the different learning needs and also show effectiveness.

Intrinsic Motivation
As per Miele and Scholer, (2018) intrinsic is inherent by nature and it is the inner self that
refers to something coming from within. It is a crucial step in psychology and have a crucial
mechanism and have open-ended cognitive development in humans. There exist a wide variety
of diversity in motivation level and human living in different circumstances maintain a certain
level of chemical energy and involve different factors that as ingestion of food. Intrinsic can be
good for many reasons such as to become successful and achieve better results, staying
committed to personal and professional commitments, persisting in the daily task and facing
difficulties in managing things. Intrinsically motivated people are more creative than extrinsic
motivators according to Alsawaier, (2018)and come up with many ideas and solutions and it is
the important component of creativity.

Key Issues in Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation has some barriers which include sensory, physical, neurological and
development impairment, intellectual ability, social disturbance and chronic illness would be big
barriers for the students who are facing this kind of issue because they cannot share their things
with others, they cannot gain motivation with outside sources. For the people with disability
paired improvement devices should be introduced which help the people with disability to
interact with the outside world and there should be courses introduced that help disabled people
to interact with other people, and get the help of medical doctors, therapists, psychologists etc.
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Extrinsic Motivation
It is referred to as completing the task or exhibiting behaviour because of the outside
causes because of receiving rewards and avoiding punishment. Extrinsic motivation is beneficial
for many cases and working towards gaining some rewards and a few kinds can be helpful when
a person completes the task normally but find it unpleasant because there is not any reward.
There are different theories regarding the extrinsic reward system, as it has a lasting effect on
students which is not true at all, there are also examples that proves that extrinsic rewards do not
have a lasting effect on a person such as money also proven unsuccessful. This motivation
encompasses the emotional, cognitive, social, and biological drives that trigger behaviour
(Maslow, 1943).

Accordingly, the word motivation befalls the frequently used description of why an
individual achieves a goal, and the term motivation originates from the Latin root more, which
means “to move.” Therefore, motivation stands as the state that “moves” an individual to act in a
particular way. According to Schunk and dibenedetto, (2020), This motivation envelops the
emotional, mental, social, and natural drives that trigger conduct. As needs are, the word
inspiration happens to them now and again utilized depiction of why an individual accomplishes
an objective, and the word inspiration comes from the Latin word movere, and that signifies "to
move." Therefore, inspiration remains as the expression that "moves" a person to act in some
ways.

Key Issues in Extrinsic Motivation

While extrinsic motivation can produce short term-results, that's, essentially, all it can do.
Research shows that the results of extrinsic motivation are weak and can even be detrimental in
the long term. Certain psychologists even indicate that excessively focusing on external
motivators can create dependencies. While occasional rewards can give an additional form of
motivation and an increase in inspiration, it's significant not to depend on them constantly.
Continually getting prizes for achievements might hold up traffic of youngsters having the option
to form into free students and therefore laborers.

On the other hand, if parents are giving presents to children when they achieve good
grades, they take gifts as validation for doing great at an academic level. At first, it can be taken
as validation for their efforts for the specific task, but late in life, they develop this habit of
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validation with their worth or their parents love. This situation leads to children basing their
worthiness and self-esteem on external validation which is a dangerous thing if they do not
receive the same level of motivation, they may get dishearten and does not recover from failure.
Children ability to complete the task and their happiness depend upon the tasks and they do not
stay productive for a longer period and significantly suffer.

Effects Of Cooperative Learning on Students

It has been observed by Gaetani (2017) that cooperative learning has significant effects
on students’ mentality and students’ achievement towards mathematics is exceptional.it was
found that students who have high performance in mathematics and attitudes towards
mathematics would be affected by exposure to cooperative learning. Greater performance
outcomes are achieved in most of the extensive disciplines due to the reason of cooperative
learning. The further report discusses the benefits of cooperative learning, the main benefit of
cooperative learning is raising in the achievement of students and other benefits which we
discuss in the project is to build positive relationships among students and build communal
values due to diversity.

Mowbray (2020) provide the experience of good learning skills and social skills. There
are certain negative effects of cooperative learning on students. Such as teachers can't look after
children and it may result in topic chatter and without strict discipline cooperative learning could
not be that much beneficial and reduce the outcome of cooperative learning. It will also create
chaos in an organized classroom. Students’ performance will also improve as discussed earlier,
they have high-performance outcomes and can work in intense working environments. The
project will elaborate on these topics and explain them briefly.

Benefits From Cooperative Learning

There are certain benefits of cooperative learning which are stated by Buddhapriya and
Bhatt, (2018) are as follows;

 Students who are working towards the same goals and the work is appreciated by their
peers feel valued.
 On the other hand, students are also motivated to help others and students also learn the
teacher's language so they communicate with fellow students in a clear manner.
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 Students learning ability also strengthen, even they have to organize their thoughts to
explain to others. they must engage in the thinking which further builds the ideas that are
cognitive ideas that greatly influence their understanding.
 Students’ mates can give individual consideration and help to each other. Ordinary and
helpful cooperative review gatherings can help you with the authority of material, test
readiness, and better execution on tests.
 The main benefit of cooperative learning is, obviously, building cooperation and
coordinated effort. It assists with relying upon others for certain errands that require
cooperative exertion. A person can utilize this chance to comprehend the colleagues and
decipher their work styles. Everybody has something one of a kind to bring the gathering
and can boost their abilities to achieve their destinations and objectives.
 Cooperative learning is conducted inside a period where everybody has undertakings
doled out to them. This way a person can find out about certain associations and how
undertaking relies upon other people. Even though a person needs to work autonomously,
in the long run, each part needs to meet up all in all. A person has to figure out how to
deal with time appropriately to keep away from delays in the chain of undertakings that
should be performed.

Negatives Effects of Cooperative Learning

 According to Puspitarini and Hanif, (2019), Certain individuals need to go at various
speeds while doing the lab to completely comprehend and assimilate the data. It appears
to be that while working in a gathering, somebody is either dialed back or compelled to
get up to speed quickly than they might want to.
 A few individuals might go excessively quick for one individual and that individual feel
lost, so he/she simply duplicates. An issue is individuals going excessively quick, without
holding back to check whether everybody gets what is happening.
 Working in groups can frequently include circumstances where the gathering moves too
quick for an understudy. It permits work to finish without realizing that each individual in
that bunch gets what was finished.
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 Another disadvantage is that if the partner does not comprehend the data by any means,
the person can be eased back because it needs to clarify all the material before the person
can begin addressing or applying this data.
 There might be one group member who does not advance as fast as the others, get
abandoned, and at last not learn anything by any means. Additionally, on the off chance
that one does not advance as fast and the gathering attempts to dial back to disclose
things to this part. The entire gathering might wind up falling behind.
 One more issue in working in groups is a dictatorship. One individual might take control
and not permit others to share their insight.

Students’ Performance Improves from Cooperative Learning

 Cooperative Learning assists with raising: the accomplishment of studies. Construct
positive connections among understudies - significant for making a learning local area
that values variety. Give encounters that foster both great acquiring abilities and
interactive abilities.
 Cooperative learning promotes social interactions; along with these students benefit in
various ways according to the social viewpoint. By having the understudies clarify their
thinking and ends, agreeable mastering creates oral relational abilities.
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Figure 1: Students Satisfaction with Cooperative Learning

Above is the statistics which shows the satisfaction in group project team worked
together in the chemical lab for experimenting. This figure further describes the classroom
seating arrangement, quality of laboratory equipment, student interest in the project and
behaviour with each other. The results show that in cooperative learning environment students
work together in the same environment so they have to overcome their differences and gain
benefits by achieving overwhelming outcomes. Some of the students show a lack of interest in
the project and laboratory equipment are also not appropriate, all of these factors play part in the
motivation level of students.

Behaviour And Humanistic Approaches To Classroom

The human approach in the classroom is rooted in humanistic psychology which is
introduced in the 1950s and the humanistic model emphasized self-determination and
individuality. The simple humanistic theory which brings into classrooms is to collaborate with
other students, create planning lessons with other teachers, evaluate students’ activities regularly
and connect with parents to meet the specific needs and try to prepare new things which help
students regularly. Øvretveit (2021) There are three areas where the humanistic approach is used
that is in teaching, student learning and students’ behaviour. In the classroom humanistic
approach emphasize maintaining the sense of responsibility and taking individual responsibility.
There are different ways to use these approaches and it is not even difficult to implement the
humanistic approach.

Umrani (2019) Behaviorism centers around the possibility that all practices are learned
through connection with the environment. Behaviorism is key for instructors since it impacts
how students respond and act in the classroom, and recommends that educators can
straightforwardly impact how their students act. The therapist was successful at assisting
individuals with rolling out enduring improvement over the long run. Individuals in humanistic
treatment showed more change than individuals in no treatment by any means, as per the survey.
These topics will be further discussed in the project report and topics will be discussed briefly.
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Humanistic Approach in The Classroom

 Most classroom discipline problems are low intensity, continuous, and unconnected with
any larger, more serious event.
 The humanist tradition of classroom management focuses on the inner thoughts, feelings,
psychological needs, and emotions of the individual learner. Humanist approaches
emphasize the importance of allowing the student time to control his or her behaviour.
 Ginott's "sane messages" communicate to students that their behaviour is unacceptable
but in a manner that does not blame, scold, or humiliate them.
 Glasser's cooperative learning emphasizes building a more friendly workplace that the
learner would regret leaving because of misbehavior if told to do so.
 The humanist tradition focuses on developing rules, getting support from school
administrators, holding private conferences with students, and following through when
students must be removed from the classroom.

Humanistic Parenting
 A humanistic approach to parenting would involve helping children identify and develop
their unique talents and interests rather than pushing them to follow in the footsteps of
their siblings, parents or others.
 Parents who wish to help their children develop a humanistic perspective will have open
and honest discussions about inclusion and individual differences. Parents will set
examples of being respectful of all people, even those whose lifestyles or beliefs may be
very different.
 When parents explain the reasons behind rules or behavioral requirements to children
rather than taking a "because I said so" approach, that is an example of a humanistic
approach to setting limits.
 When parents encourage children to share their feelings or concerns and engage in a true
dialogue with them, they are using a humanistic approach. This helps improve empathy
for parents and children and lays the groundwork for kids to develop important
interpersonal communication skills.
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Key Issue in Humanistic Approach

One major criticism of humanistic psychology is that its concepts are too vague. Critics
argue that subjective ideas such as authentic experiences are difficult to objectify; an experience
that is real for one individual may not be real for another person. According to Schunk and
dibenedetto, (2020), Humanistic psychologists study how people are influenced by their self-
perceptions and the personal meanings attached to their experiences. Humanistic psychologists
are not primarily concerned with instinctual drives, responses to external stimuli, or past
experiences. Rather, they consider conscious choices, responses to internal needs, and current
circumstances to be important in shaping human behaviour.

Humanistic Therapy
A humanistic approach to therapy is distinct from cognitive or behavioral approaches.

 Instead of a medicine-centered or research-centered approach to therapy, the humanistic

perspective encourages an approach that focuses on the person, their individual needs and
improving self-awareness.
 The humanistic perspective favors Gestalt therapy, a special type of therapy that
encourages an individual not to allow the past to affect the present, and focuses on the
here and now rather than anything else.
 Therapists using a humanistic approach don't seek to interpret what a patient has
experienced. Instead, the therapist will ask questions designed to help patients come to
better understand themselves.
 Group therapy for families is an example of a humanistic approach. This type of therapy
allows families to talk about their relationships with one another to encourage and
strengthen those relationships, especially when families are going through difficult times,
such as periods of substance abuse or divorce.

Key Issue in Humanistic Approach

One major criticism of humanistic psychology is that its concepts are too vague. Critics
argue that subjective ideas such as authentic experiences are difficult to objectify; an experience
that is real for one individual may not be real for another person. According to Hattie, Hodis and
Kang, (2020), Humanistic psychologists study how people are influenced by their self-
perceptions and the personal meanings attached to their experiences. Humanistic psychologists
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are not primarily concerned with instinctual drives, responses to external stimuli, or past
experiences. Rather, they consider conscious choices, responses to internal needs, and current
circumstances to be important in shaping human behaviour.
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References
Akhmetshin, E.M. et al. (2018) ‘Motivation of personnel in an innovative business climate’.
Available at: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/30284 (Accessed: 11
February 2022).

Alsawaier, R.S. (2018) ‘The effect of gamification on motivation and engagement’, The
International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 35(1), pp. 56–79.
doi:10.1108/IJILT-02-2017-0009.

Buddhapriya, S. and Bhatt, P. (2018) ‘Intrinsic motivational potential inventory: development of

a measure’, International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 17(4),
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Hattie, J., Hodis, F.A. and Kang, S.H.K. (2020) ‘Theories of motivation: Integration and ways
forward’, Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, p. 101865. doi:
10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101865.

Miele, D.B. and Scholer, A.A. (2018) ‘The Role of Meta motivational Monitoring in Motivation
Regulation’, Educational Psychologist, 53(1), pp. 1–21.
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Mohebi, A. et al. (2019) ‘Dissociable dopamine dynamics for learning and motivation’, Nature,
570(7759), pp. 65–70. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1235-y.

Puspitarini, Y.D. and Hanif, M. (2019) ‘Using Learning Media to Increase Learning Motivation
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Schunk, D.H. and DiBenedetto, M.K. (2020) ‘Motivation and social cognitive theory,
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, p. 101832. Doi:
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Amoatey, P., Omidvarborna, H., Baawain, M.S., Al-Harthy, I., Al-Mamun, A., Al-Jabri, K.,
2021. Preliminary hazard assessment of air pollution levels in Nizwa, Rusayl and Sur in
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