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Developing A Low-Cost and Intelligent Environmental Control System For Greenhouses
Developing A Low-Cost and Intelligent Environmental Control System For Greenhouses
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The first phase of our project is to develop the rule based model. This rule based model
can be deployed by the farmer on their own using the user interface “deploy rules” in
the System. So, this needs the knowledge of the experiences of the farmer but in here
we collected the recommended data for the plants from the Agricultural Department of
University of Peradeniya (Table 1).
These datasets are not applicable to every greenhouse because the climate in the
location where the greenhouse is situated may differ from place to place. So, it is
essential to develop a Neural Network model to predict the actuator status inside the
greenhouse in real time [5, 6].
First, we used MATLAB tool to check the accuracy of the neural network using pattern
classification. So, we used patternet in matlab to get the Actuator status of the
greenhouse. We used 4 features, viz., temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light
condition as the input to the Neural Network. The output of the neural network is
ventilation fan 1 status and the mini water pump status.
After training and running the neural network in the MATLAB and looking at the
performance of the Neural Network, we moved to tensorflow Deep learning framework
to develop the Neural Network because we need to make these actuator predictions
inside the server.
We used Deep Neural Network (DNN) in tensorflow to predict the actuator status of the
greenhouse. Here is the architecture of the neural network which we have used.
Architecture - [10,20,10]
Accuracy - 87.67%
Steps – 2000
DNN we used in tensorflow has 3 layers which consist of 10, 20 and 10 hidden neurons
respectively. Using our training dataset, we trained this neural network. It has four
features as inputs and actuator status as the output.
Results and Discussion
User Interface of the EMCS
The user interface and user experience is the most important part in this system. As
mentioned above, we developed a rule-based system which can be controlled very
easily by the farmer. The user interfaces for main controlling system, rule deployment
and rule configuration are given in figures 2, 3 and 4.
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The error reduces after more epochs of training. Figure 5 shows that the data training is
getting to a stable status after fifteen epochs. The training stops after fifteen
consecutive increases in validation error, and the best performance is taken from the
epoch with lowest validation error.
The confusion matrices in figure 6 show the accuracy percentages of the training data
and test data. It can gain the idea of how the training and testing dataset performed in
the neural network in MATLAB.
Results of the Neural Network using Tensorflow
The DNN we used in tensorflow has 3 layers which consist of 10, 20 and 10 hidden neurons
respectively.
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Figure 9 shows that the error rate of the neural network has been reduced over some
epochs.
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References
[1] M.H. Jensen, A.J. Malter, “Protected agriculture: a global review”. World Bank
technical paper no. WTP 253. Washington, D.C., 1995.
[2] W.A.P. Weerakkody, L.H.P. Gunaratne, and B.C.N. Peiris, “Implications and
prospects of protected culture as a novel technology to foster horticulture in Sri
th
Lanka”, P.405, In Abstracts of 26 International Horticulture Congresss (IHC),
Toronto, Canada, August 2002.
[3] David Ehret, Anthony Lau, Shabtai Bittman, Wei Lin, Tim Shelford. “Automated
monitoring of greenhouse crops”, Agronomie, EDP Sciences, 2001, 21 (4), pp.403-
414.
[4] N. Hassan, S. I. Abdullah, A. S. Noor, and M. Alam, “An automatic monitoring and
control system inside greenhouse,” in 3rd International Conference on Green
Energy and Technology (ICGET), 2015, pp. 1–5, IEEE, 2015.
[5] M. A. Bussab, J. I. Bernardo, and A. R. Hirakawa, “Greenhouse modeling using
neural networks,” in Proc. of the 6th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence,
Knowledge Engineering and Data Bases, pp. 131–135, 2007.
[6] G. A. May, M. A. Lanoue, M. Bethel, and R. E. Ryan, “Expert system for controlling
plant growth in a contained environment,” Nov. 10 2009. US Patent 7,617,057.
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