Ee19242 - Beee - I Cse B Iso

RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI
INDEX
S.No. Form Nos. Title of the Form Page Nos.
1 CF1 Preface of the Course File
2 CF2 Subject handled by yester years
3 CF3 Allocation of subject & class time table with TCH
4 CF4 Faculty Time Table
5 CF5 Syllabus
6 CF6 Lesson Plan & Learning Structure
7 CF7 Course Student List
8 CF8 Assignments/ Self Study Topics
9 CF9 Report on frequent absentees
10 CF10 Unit test question paper
11 CF11 Mark List
12 CF12 Result Analysis
13 CF13 Action taken on Slow Learners
14 CF14 University question paper / question bank
15 CF15 COA Abstract and COA Summary
FORM NO.CF1
1
PREFACE OF THE COURSE FILE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Batch : 2020-2024
Branch : Computer Science and Engineering
Year & Semester : I Year II Sem
Subject Code : EE19242
Name of the Subject : Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Staff incharge : Anitha.D
2
FORM NO.CF2
SUBJECT HANDLERS OF YESTER YEARS
SUBJECT : Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering
SUBJECT CODE : EE 19242
Name of the Faculty

Sl.No Academic Year Class & Section
Member
1 AERO Dr. V. Venkatesh
2 CSE - A Dr. P. Thirusentil Kumaran
3 CSE - B Ms. S. Jeny Sophia
4 CSE - C Mrs. A. Sangari
5 CSE - D Mrs. J. Anto Sheeba

2019-20
6 CSE - E
Mrs. K. Sudha
7 CHEM Mr. S. B Ron Carter
8 CIVIL Mr. T. S. Saravanan
9 FT
Mr. M. Pradeep
10 IT-A Mrs. K. Sudha
3
FORM NO. CF3
ALLOCATION OF SUBJECTS & CLASS TIME TABLE WITH TCH
4
FORM NO. CF4
FACULTY TIME TABLE
5
FORM NO. CF5
EE19242 BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

L T PC
3 0 2 4
Objectives:
 To introduce electric circuits and provide knowledge on the analysis of circuits using network theorems.
 To impart knowledge on the phenomenon of resonance in RC, RL and RLC series and parallel circuits.
 To provide knowledge on the principles of electrical machines and electronic devices.
 To learn the concepts of different types of electrical measuring instruments and transducers.
 To teach methods of experimentally analyzing electrical circuits, electrical machines, electronic devices
and transducers..
UNIT I DC CIRCUITS 9
Electrical circuit elements (R, L and C), voltage and current sources, Kirchoff‘s current and voltage laws, analysis
of simple circuits with dc excitation. Superposition, Thevenin and Norton Theorems.
UNIT II AC CIRCUITS 9
Representation of sinusoidal waveforms, peak and rms values, phasor representation, real power, reactive power,
apparent power, power factor. Analysis of single-phase ac circuits consisting of R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC
combinations (series and parallel), resonance. Three phase balanced circuits, voltage and current relations in star
and delta connections.
UNIT III ELECTRICAL MACHINES 9

Construction, Principles of operation and characteristics of; DC machines, Transformers (single and three phase),
Synchronous machines, three phase and single phase induction motors..
UNIT IV ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS 9

Types of Materials – Silicon & Germanium- N type and P type materials – PN Junction –Forward and Reverse
Bias – Semiconductor Diodes –Bipolar Junction Transistor – Characteristics –Field Effect Transistors – Transistor
Biasing – Introduction to operational Amplifier –Inverting Amplifier –Non Inverting Amplifier..
UNIT V MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION 9

Introduction to transducers - Classification of Transducers: Resistive, Inductive, Capacitive, Thermoelectric,
piezoelectric, photoelectric, Hall effect - Classification of instruments - PMMC and MI Ammeters and Voltmeters
– Multimeter -Digital Storage Oscilloscope
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
List of Experiments
1. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws.

2. Load test on DC Shunt Motor.
3. Load test on Single phase Transformer.
4. Load test on Single phase Induction motor.
5. Characteristics of P-N junction Diode.
6. Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers.
7. Characteristics of CE based NPN Transistor.
8. Inverting and Non- Inverting Op-Amp circuits.
9. Characteristics of LVDT, RTD and Thermistor.
6
Contact Hours : 30
Total Contact Hours : 75
RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Thandalam, Chennai – 602 105
LESSON PLAN
Faculty Name : ANITHA.D Code : EE114
Subject Name : BASIC ELECTRICAL AND Code : EE19242

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Year : I Semester : II
Degree & Branch : B.E/ CSE Section : B
Aim:
To expose the students to the basic concepts such as AC and DC circuit analysis and various
types of electrical machines, electronics devices and measurements of electrical parameter.
Objectives:
After completion of this course, the student will be able to:
 Analyze the DC circuits and AC circuits
 Realize series and parallel resonant circuits.
 Understand the principles of electrical machines
 Understand the principles of different types of electronic devices, electrical measuring instruments and
transducers.
 Experimentally analyze the electric circuits, electrical machines, electronic devices, and transducers
TEXT BOOKS:
1. J.B.Gupta, Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and Electronics,S.K.Kataria& Sons Publications, 2002

2. D P Kothari and I.J Nagarath, Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering, McGraw Hill
Education(India) Private Limited, Third Reprint,2016
3. Thereja .B.L., Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., 2008
REFERENCES
1. Del Toro, “Electrical Engineering Fundamentals”, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2007
2. John Bird, “Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology”, Elsevier, First Indian Edition, 2006
3. Allan S Moris, “Measurement and Instrumentation Principles”, Elseveir, First Indian Edition, 2006
4. Rajendra Prasad, “Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India, 2006
5. A.E.Fitzgerald, David E Higginbotham and Arvin Grabel, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, McGraw Hill
Education(India) Private Limited, 2009
7
FORM NO CF6
UNIT – I
S.N Proposed Actual

date / Topic Book Methodology
o date/Period
Period
1 15/4/2021 15/4/2021 Electrical circuit elements (R, L and C) T3 PPT/GCR
16/4/2021 16/4/2021 PPT/GCR
2 Voltage and current sources T3
3 19/4/2021 19/4/2021 Kirchoff‘s current and voltage laws T3 PPT/GCR
4 20/4/2021 20/4/2021 Nodal analysis T3 PPT/GCR
5 22/4/2021 22/4/2021 Mesh analysis T3 PPT/GCR
6 23/4/2021 23/4/2021 Thevinin’s Theorem T3 PPT/GCR

26/4/2021 26/4/2021 PPT/GCR
7 Norton’s Theorem, T3
8 27/4/2021 27/4/2021 Superposition Theorem. T3 PPT/GCR
9 29/4/2021 29/4/2021 Revision of theorem T3 PPT/GCR
10 30/4/2021 30/4/2021 Revision of theorem T3 PPT/GCR
UNIT II
Introduction to AC circuits, Representation of sinusoidal PPT/GCR
11 03/05/2021 03/05/2021 T1
waveforms
12 04/05/2021 04/05/2021 peak and rms values T1 PPT/GCR
13 06/05/2021 06/05/2021 phasor representation T1 PPT/GCR
14 07/05/2021 07/05/2021 real power, reactive power T1 PPT/GCR
15 10/05/2021 10/05/2021 apparent power, power factor T1 PPT/GCR
16 11/05/2021 11/05/2021 Analysis of single-phase ac circuits consisting of R, L, C T1 PPT/GCR
17 13/05/2021 13/05/2021 Analysis of single-phase ac circuits consisting of R, L, C T1 PPT/GCR
18
14/05/2021 14/05/2021 Analysis of single-phase ac circuits consisting RL, RC,
T1
PPT/GCR
RLC combinations (series and parallel), resonance
17/05/2021 17/05/2021 Analysis of single-phase ac circuits consisting RL, RC, PPT/GCR
19 T1
RLC combinations (series and parallel), resonance
18/05/2021 18/05/2021 Three phase balanced circuits, voltage and current PPT/GCR
20 T1
relations in star connection
8
20/05/2021 20/05/2021 Three phase balanced circuits, voltage and current PPT/GCR
21 T1
relations in delta connection
UNIT III
PPT/GCR
Principles of operation and characteristics of DC
22 21/05/2021 21/05/2021 machines
T2
23 24/05/2021 24/05/2021 Principles of operation and characteristics of DC T3 PPT/GCR

machines
24 25/05/2021 25/05/2021 Transformers: Single phase T2
PPT/GCR
25 27/05/2021 27/05/2021 Transformers: Three phase T3 PPT/GCR
28/05/2021 28/05/2021 PPT/GCR

26 Synchronous machines T3
27 31/05/2021 31/05/2021 single phase induction motors T2

PPT/GCR
PPT/GCR
28 01/06/2021 01/06/2021 Three phase induction motors T2
PPT/GCR
29 03/06/2021 03/06/2021 Three phase induction motors T2
PPT/GCR
30 04/06/2021 04/06/2021 Problems based on Induction motor T2
PPT/GCR
31 07/06/2021 07/06/2021 Problems based on Induction motor T2
32 08/06/2021 08/06/2021 Problems based on Transformer T3 PPT/GCR
UNIT IV
Introduction to Electronics Device and circuits and Types PPT/GCR
33 10/06/2021 10/06/2021 T2
of Materials – Silicon & Germanium
11/06/2021 11/06/2021 PPT/GCR
34 N type and P type materials – PN Junction T2
14/06/2021 14/06/2021 PPT/GCR

35 Forward and Reverse Bias –Semiconductor Diodes T2
15/06/2021 15/06/2021 PPT/GCR

36 Bipolar Junction Transistor – Characteristics T2
17/06/2021 17/06/2021 PPT/GCR

37 Field Effect Transistors T2
18/06/2021 18/06/2021 PPT/GCR

38 Transistor Biasing T2
21/06/2021 21/06/2021 PPT/GCR

39 Introduction to operational Amplifier T2
22/06/2021 22/06/2021 PPT/GCR

40 Inverting Amplifier T2
24/06/2021 24/06/2021 PPT/GCR

41 Inverting Amplifier T2
PPT/GCR
42 25/06/2021 25/06/2021 Non Inverting Amplifier T2
UNIT-V
9
PPT/GCR
43 28/06/2021 28/06/2021 Introduction to Measurement and instrumentation R3
PPT/GCR
44 29/06/2021 29/06/2021 Introduction to transducers R3
PPT/GCR
45 01/07/2021 01/07/2021 Resistive, Inductive, Capacitive R3
02/07/2021 02/07/2021 PPT/GCR

46 Thermoelectric, piezoelectric, photoelectric R3
05/07/2021 05/07/2021 PPT/GCR

47 Hall effect R3
06/07/2021 06/07/2021 PPT/GCR

48 Types of indicating Instruments R3
08/07/2021 08/07/2021 PPT/GCR

49 PMMC R3
01/07/2021 01/07/2021 PPT/GCR

50 PMMC R3
09/07/2021 09/07/2021 PPT/GCR

51 MI Ammeters and Voltmeters R3
12/07/2021 12/07/2021 PPT/GCR

52 MI Ammeters and Voltmeters R3
13/07/2021 13/07/2021 PPT/GCR

53 Multimeter R3
15/07/2021 15/07/2021 PPT/GCR

54 Digital Storage Oscilloscope R3
16/07/2021 16/07/2021 PPT/GCR

55 Digital Storage Oscilloscope T3
19/07/2021 19/07/2021 PPT/GCR

56 Revision unit- 1 T3
20/07/2021 20/07/2021 PPT/GCR

57 Revision unit-2 T3
22/07/2021 22/07/2021 PPT/GCR

23/07/2021 23/07/2021 PPT/GCR

24/07/2021 24/07/2021 PPT PPT/GCR

LAB PLAN
Proposed
Actual Date Batch Group Name of the Experiment Remarks
Date
21/05/2021 21/05/2021 A Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws.
B Load test on DC Shunt Motor.
10
C Load test on Single phase Transformer.
D Load test on Single phase Induction motor.
E Characteristics of P-N junction Diode.
A Characteristics of P-N junction Diode..
B Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws.
28/05/2021 28/05/2021 C Load test on DC Shunt Motor.
D Load test on Single phase Transformer.
E Load test on Single phase Induction motor.
A Load test on Single phase Induction motor.
B Characteristics of P-N junction Diode..
04/06/2021 04/06/2021 C Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws.
D Load test on DC Shunt Motor.
E Load test on Single phase Transformer.
A Load test on Single phase Transformer.
B Load test on Single phase Induction motor.
11/06/2021 11/06/2021 C Characteristics of P-N junction Diode..
D Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws.
E Load test on DC Shunt Motor.
A Load test on DC Shunt Motor.
B Load test on Single phase Transformer.
18/06/2021 18/06/2021 C Load test on Single phase Induction motor.
D Characteristics of P-N junction Diode..
E Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws.

Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers. AND
A Characteristics of CE based NPN Transistor.
Characteristics of CE based NPN Transistor. AND
B Inverting and Non- Inverting Op-Amp circuits.
Inverting and Non- Inverting Op-Amp circuits.
25/06/2021 25/06/2021 C AND
Characteristics
Characteristics of
of CE based
LVDT, NPN
RTD Transistor
and Thermistor AND
D Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers
Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers. AND
E Characteristics of CE based NPN Transistor.
Inverting and Non- Inverting Op-Amp circuits AND
02/07/2021 02/07/2021 A
Characteristics of LVDT, RTD and Thermistor
Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers AND
B Characteristics of LVDT, RTD and Thermistor
C Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers AND
11
Inverting and Non- Inverting Op-Amp circuits. AND
D Characteristics of CE based NPN Transistor.
Inverting and Non- Inverting Op-Amp circuits AND
E
Learning Structure:
All electrical & electronic devices , Converters , Inverters ,motors

Application , control logic circuits , radio and television etc.,
The basics of Electrical Engineering, Semiconductor Devices-

Procedure
Analog & Digital electronics and communication systems.
Ohms Law, KVL, KCL, Faradays law of electromagnetic

Principles Induction, Boolean Algebra, Modulation & Demodulation
Have a basic idea about the fundamentals of Electrical &

Concept
Electronics devices and circuits.
FORM NO. CF6
12
Basic circuit Analysis , Measuring devices , Operating principles
Facts of machines, Study of Semiconductor Devices , Digital Logic
circuits and Communication Systems
FORM NO CF7
COURSE STUDENT LIST
13
S.No Roll. No. Name of the Student
1 200701064 DHANANCHEZHIAN T
2 200701065 DHANUSH G
3 200701066 DHANYA LAKSHMI A
4 200701067 DHIVYA S
5 200701068 DIVYAPRASATH R
6 200701069 DRAVID T
7 200701070 EASHAAN MANOHAR
8 200701071 EKANATH M S
9 200701073 GOKUL K
10 200701074 GOKUL PAWAN B
11 200701075 GOKULA KRISHNAN B
12 200701076 GOWRINENI HARSHITHA SAI
13 200701077 HARIBALA S
14 200701078 HARITHA M
15 200701079 HARITHA S
16 200701080 HARRISH VIJAY G
17 200701081 HARSHINI S
19 200701082 HARSHINI SIVAKUMAR
19 200701083 HEMA MALINI S
20 200701084 HEMANTH KUMAAR B
21 200701085 HIRTHIK SHYAM C
22 200701086 HOSALADEVI N K
23 200701087 INDRA S B
24 200701088 INDRAJITH S
25 200701089 ISAIMOZHI B
26 200701090 JAGAN SARAVANAN M
27 200701091 JAGATHRATCHAHAN V
28 200701092 JAISURIYA P K
29 200701093 JANANI K
30 200701094 JANANI P K
31 200701095 JANANI PRIYA PICHANDI
32 200701096 JANHAVI LENKA
33 200701097 JAWAHARVISHNU B
34 200701098 JAYABHARANIVELU V M
35 200701099 JAYANTH J T
36 200701100 JAYASHREE S
37 200701102 JENISH R E
38 200701103 JEYAVELAN K S
14
39 200701104 JISHNUBARATH C
40 200701105 JOHITH J P
41 200701106 JOSHIKHA V
FORM NO. CF8
ASSIGNMENTS
Subject: BEEE
Faculty Name: Ms.Anitha.D
Subject Code: EE19242 Faculty Code: EE114
Year / Semester / Section: I/II/B
Unit Books to be Date of Date of

Topics
No. Referred Announcement Submission
Problems in KCL, KVL, AC Muthusubramanian.R,
1 07/06/2021 17/06/2021
circuits Salivahanan.S
Problems in Electrical Muthusubramanian.R
2 24/06/2021 02/07/2021
Machines , Salivahanan.S
P-type, N-type material, PNP Muthusubramanian.R
3 06/07/2021 12/07/2021
transistor , Salivahanan.S
MOSFET and FET Muthusubramanian.R
4 12/07/2021 16/07/2021
, Salivahanan.S
5 DSO and PMMC PPT and notes 15/07/2021 23/07/2021
15
FORM NO. CF9
REPORT ON FREQUENT ABSENTEES
Student Name Roll No. Register No.
Batch Semester Department
Total No. of days as on

No. of days attended as on
Percentage of attendance as on
Absent Dates
Intimation to students,
Reference & date
Intimation to parents,
Reference & date
Action taken
Reason for Absentism
Measures taken to prevent absentism
16
FORM NO. CF10

Reg. No.
I Year B.E/B.Tech. EVEN [Semester – II]

Continuous Assessment Test-I [CAT -I]
Sub. Code : EE19242
Subject : BASIC ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (Set A)
QP Code :
[Regulation 2019]
Time: 90 Min Max. Marks: 50
Answer ALL Questions

Part A [6 x 2 = 12 Marks]
1.1What are voltage sources and current sources? [A1]
1.2 Mention and write the rule used for finding the current through a resistor in a parallel circuit. [A2]
1.3 An Electric iron is rated 1000W, 240V. Find the resistance of the heating element and the current
drawn by it. [C1]
1.4 Using source transformation technique, transform the following current source into voltage source.
[B1]
1.5 List the applications of Thevenin’s theorem. [A2]

1.6 Define superposition theorem. [A1]
Part B [2x10=20 Marks]
1.7 a. Apply mesh current method for the following circuit to find the current in the 7 ohms resistor.
[C1]
17
[Or]
1.7 b. Apply Nodal Voltage method for the following circuit to find the current through the 10 ohms
resistor. [C1]
1.8 a. Apply the Thevenin’s theorem for the following circuit to find the voltage across the 10 ohms
resistor. [C1]
[Or]
1.8 b. Apply Norton’s theorem for the following circuit to find the current through the 0.1 ohms
resistor. [C1]
2.1 Define RMS Value. [A1]
2.2 Write the relationship between ω and f ? [A1]
2.3 What is form factor in AC waveform? [A1]
18
2.4 Determine the power factor of the circuit if the impedance of the circuit is equal to resistance. [C1]
2.5 a. With necessary equations define the following. [B1]

i) Actual Power ii) Reactive Power iii) Apparent Power iv) Power Factor v) Phase Angle
[Or]
2.5 b. A series R-L circuit has R=7 Ω and L=31.8 mH and is connected to 230 Volts, 50 Hz source.
Calculate a) Impedance b) Current c) Phase angle d) Power factor e) Power. [B2]

Reg. No.
I Year B.E/B.Tech. EVEN [Semester – II]

Continuous Assessment Test-I [CAT -I]
Sub. Code : EE19242
Subject : BASIC ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (Set B)
QP Code :
[Regulation 2019]
Time : 90 Min Max. Marks : 50
Answer ALL Questions

1.1 What are Active elements and Passive elements? [A1]
1.2 State Kirchhoff’s voltage law. [A1]
1.3 Using appropriate law, determine the current i3 through the resistor R3 in the circuit shown below.
[B1]
1.4 Write the rule used for finding the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit. [A2]
1.5 How will you convert Thevenin’s equivalent circuit into Norton’s equivalent circuit? [C2]
1.6 Under what condition superposition theorem can be applied? [A2]
19
1.7 a. Apply nodal voltage method for the following circuit to find the current through 2 ohms
resistor. [C1]
[Or]
1.7 b. Apply loop current method for the following circuit to find the voltage across the 6 ohms
resistor. [C1]
1.8 a. Apply Norton’s theorem for the following circuit to find the voltage across the 200 ohms
resistor. [C1]
[Or]
1.8 b. Apply superposition theorem for the following circuit to find the current through the 3 ohms
resistor. [C1]
20
2.1 List the different kinds of wave form. [A1]
2.2 What is the peak value of the wave form. [A1]
2.3 Write the instantaneous power expression for a resistive network? [A2]
2.4 Define real and reactive power. [A1]
2.5 a. Define the following terms of a sinusoidal quantity. [A1]

i) Frequency ii) Time Period iii) Average Value iv) RMS value v) Form factor
[Or]
2.5 b. With the help of appropriate equations, explain the R L series circuit. [B1]
EE19242-Basic Electrical and

ElectronicsEngineering-CAT II-I year-24.06.2021-
Group 1
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTION:Students are instructed to click on the SUBMIT button before 8:30 a.m. If the
SUBMIT button is not clicked before 8:30 a.m., answers will not be recorded and it will be considered as
ABSENT. No additional time will be given. Students will be able to edit the answers even after submitting by
clicking on the test link and Click on Edit Your Response before 8:30 a.m.
The respondent's email (null) was recorded on submission of this form.
1.
Email
*
2.
Enter Reg. No. in FULL (Eg. 200301001)

*
Enter Reg. No. in FULL (Eg. 200301001). Entering Wrong No. or Part No. may lead to disqualification of your exam.
* Required
21
3.
Select the last digit of your Reg. No.

*
Mark only one oval.
0
Skip to question 64
1
Skip to question 4
2
Skip to question 34
3
Skip to question 34
4
Skip to question 4
5
Skip to question 64
6
Skip to question 4
7
Skip to question 34
8
Skip to question 64
9
Skip to question 34
4.
In a series R-L-C circuit at resonance, the magnitude of the voltage developedacross the capacitor
*
Mark only one oval.
is always zero
can never be greater than the input voltage
can be greater than the input voltage, however it is 90 out of phase with the inputvoltage
can be greater than the input voltage and is in phase with the input voltage
can be equal to the input voltage
22
5.
A1, A2 and A3 are ideal ammeters, shown in Fig. 4.113. If A1 reads 5 A, A2 reads 12A,then A3 should read
*
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7A
12 A
13 A
17 A
5A
6.
When a sinusoidal voltage is applied across R-L series circuit having R = XL, thephase angle will be
*
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90
45 lag
45 lead
90 lead
90 lag
7.
In a series R-L-C circuit, VR = 3 V, VL = 14 V, VC = 10 V. The input voltage to thecircuit is

*
Mark only one oval.
10 V
5V
27 V
24 V
12 V
8.
A series R-L-C circuit consisting of R = 10 W, XL = 20 W and XC = 20 W is connectedacross an ac supply

of 200 V rms. The rms voltage across the capacitor is
*
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200 angle (–90) V
200 angle(90) V
400 angle(–90) V
400 angle(90) V
300 angle (-90) V
9.
In a series R-L-C high Q circuit, the current peaks at a frequency

*
23
Mark only one oval.
equal to the resonant frequency
less than the resonant frequency
greater than the resonant frequency
double than the resonant frequency
Current wont change wrt resonant frequency
10.
A series R-L-C circuit has a resonance frequency of 1 kHz and a qualify factor Q of100. If each of R, L and
C is doubled from its original value, the new Q of the circuit
*
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25
50
100
200
150
11.
In a three-phase system, voltages differ in phase by

*
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30 degrees
45 degrees
60 degrees
90 degrees
120 degrees
12.
The rated voltage of a 3-phase power system is given as

*
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rms phase voltage
peak phase voltage
rms line to line voltage
peak line to line voltage
average phase voltage
13.
In a series RC circuit, when the frequency and resistance are halved, then theimpedance will be
*
Mark only one oval.
doubled
halved
reduced to half
reduced to one fourth
24
cannot be determined without values
14.
Identify the machine

*
Mark only one oval.
DC motor
DC Generator
Induction Machine
Synchronous Machine
Split phase induction machine
15.
Find out the correct answer for the following load characteristic of alternator
*
Mark only one oval.
A – Lagging p.f., B – unity p.f., C – leading p.f
A – Leading p.f., B – lagging p.f., C – unity p.f.
A – Unity p.f., B – leading p.f., C – lagging p.f.
A – Leading p.f., B – unity p.f., C – lagging p.f
A – Lagging p.f., B – leading p.f., C – unity p.f
16.
Find the speed of rotating magnetic field for the following machine
*
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500
1500
3000
4500
6000
17.
If the field of the following machine is overexcited then its power factor will be
*
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Lagging
Zero
Unity
Decreasing
Leading
18.
Find out from the following which improves power factor

*
Mark only one oval.
25
Induction Generator
Induction Motor
DC Motor
DC generator
Synchronous Machine
19.
The following machine under over excited condition is called

*
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Static Condenser
Rectifier
Synchronous Resistor
Synchronous Condenser
Static Resistor
20.
Inverted V curve is the plot of

*
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power factor against load current of synchronous motor
power factor against field current of synchronous motor
power factor against field current of induction motor
power factor against load current of induction motor
power factor against load current of induction generator
21.
V curve is the plot of

*
Mark only one oval.
Armature Current against field current of DC motor
Armature Current against field current of induction motor
Armature Current against field current of synchronous motor
Armature Current against load current of DC motor
Armature Current against load current of synchronous motor
22.
Critical excitation happens when

*
Mark only one oval.
power factor is 1
power factor is 0.75
power factor is 0.5
power factor is 0.25
power factor is 0
23.
26
Load angle for maximum torque production in syn. motor
*
Mark only one oval.
0 electrical degree
90 electrical degree
24.
Why armature core is laminated?

*
Mark only one oval.
To improve the frequency.
To minimize core loss
To minimize hysteresis loss
To minimize eddy current loss
To improve power factor
25.
The material used in electromagnet winding of the DC generator is

*
Mark only one oval.
Mica
Carbon
Copper
Silicon Steel
Iron
26.
The commutator of DC generator,

*
Mark only one oval.
converts AC to DC
converts DC to AC
converts alternating current to unidirectional current
converts unidirectional current to alternating current
converts unidirectional current to direct current
27.
In lap winding,
*
Mark only one oval.
the number of brushes is 2.
the number of parallel winding is 2.
27
the number of parallel winding is 4.
the number of parallel winding is equal to number of poles.
the number of parallel winding is twice the number of poles.
28.
In DC machines the main cause of mechanical losses are associated with,

*
Mark only one oval.
Volatge
Current
Power
Power factor
Speed
29.
The direction of induced current in DC generator can be identified by,

*
Mark only one oval.
Faradays law of EMI
Lenz law
Fleming right hand rule
Fleming left hand rule
Thumb rule
30.
In DC series generator,
*
Mark only one oval.
Series winding will have relatively less number of turns.
Shunt winding will have relatively less number of turns.
Series winding will have relatively more number of turns.
Shunt winding will have relatively more number of turns.
Both series and parallel winding will have same number of turns.
31.
In D.C. generators,
*
Mark only one oval.
lap winding is used for high voltage, low current
lap winding is used for low voltage, low current
lap winding is used for low voltage, high current.
wave winding is used for low voltage, low current
wave winding is used for low voltage, high current
32.
The critical resistance in DG generator is associated with,

28
*
Mark only one oval.
Core
Armature winding
Fields
Air gaps
Magnetic flux lines
33.
Identify the material used for insulation in commutator segments.

*
Mark only one oval.
Varnish
Wood
Mica
Paper
Graphite
34.
An ac circuit consists of a resistor and a capacitor. To increase the phase angleabove 45°, the following
condition must exist
*
Mark only one oval.
R should be less than Xc
R should be greater than Xc
R should be equal to Xc
No changes in R and Xc
Cannot be predicted
35.
In any AC circuit, always

*
Mark only one oval.
Reactive power is more than apparent power
Actual power is more than reactive power
Apparent power is more than actual power
Reactive power is more than actual power
Apparent power is less than actual power
36.
In a series resonant circuit, the impedance of the circuit is

*
Mark only one oval.
Maximum
Zero
29
Minimum
doubled
tripled
37.
The time constant of a series R-C circuit is given by

*
Mark only one oval.
R/C
C/R
RC
2RC
3RC
38.
The magnitude of current at resonance RLC circuit

*
Mark only one oval.
Depends upon the magnitude of R
Depends upon the magnitude of L
Depends upon the magnitude of C
Depends upon the magnitude of R, L and C
Independent on magnitude of either R,L and C
39.
The importance of Parallel circuit resonance is to improve

*
Mark only one oval.
Voltage
Current
Power
Frequency
Impedance
40.
In a circuit containing of passive elements R, L and C the power loss can take placein
*
Mark only one oval.
R only
L only
C only
R, L and C
No power loss
41.
The Series and Parallel resonance on RLC circuit differs in

30
*
Mark only one oval.
Low resistance source for sharp rise in current
High resistance source for sharp increase in current
Low resistance source for sharp rise in impedance
High resistance source for sharp increase in impedance
Low resistance source for sudden increase in line current
42.
The power factor at resonance in RLC parallel circuit is

*
Mark only one oval.
0
0.8 lead
0.8 lag
1
0.08 lag
43.
The apparent power drawn by an A.C. circuit is 10 kVA and active power is 8 kW.The reactive power in the
circuit is
*
Mark only one oval.
4 kVAR
6 kVAR
8 kVAR
12 kVAR
16 kVAR
44.
In a DC generator, the turbine shaft is directly coupled to

*
Mark only one oval.
field coil.
armature core.
carbon brushes.
yoke.
interpoles.
45.
In DC shunt motor, decreasing the field current,

*
Mark only one oval.
increases the power factor.
increases the speed.
decreases the speed.
31
decreases the flux
has no change in speed and flux.
46.
Pick out the application of DC motor.

*
Mark only one oval.
Air compressors
Air Blowers
Electric Traction
Water pumps
Lathe Machineries
47.
Identify the DC generator which gives constant output at all the loads.
*
Mark only one oval.
DC series genrator
Dc shunt generator
DC short shunt compound generator
DC long shunt compound generator
DC cumulative compound generator
48.
Core loss in DC machine does not depend upon___.

*
Mark only one oval.
Load
Voltage
Current
Power
Speed
49.
Which motor cannot be started without load?

*
Mark only one oval.
DC shunt motor
DC series motor
DC short shunt compound motor
DC long shunt compound motor
DC differential compound motor
50.
Back emf is associated with

*
32
Mark only one oval.
DC series genrator
Dc shunt generator
Transmission line
DC motor
Transformer
51.
In a DC machine,copper loss is mostly due to_______.

*
Mark only one oval.
Pole shoes
Air gap flux
Slip rings
Armature coil
Armature core
52.
How to minimize hysteresis loss?

*
Mark only one oval.
By increasing the air gap.
By reducing the air gap.
By using laminated core.
By using silicon steel core.
By increasing the magnetic flux.
53.
What happens due to reversal of magnetic flux?

*
Mark only one oval.
Copper loss is produced.
High magnetic flux is produced.
Magnetic flux becomes zero.
Hysteresis loss is occured.
Mechanical friction is producted.
54.
Faraday's mutual induction principle is applied to which of the static device?

*
Mark only one oval.
DC motor
DC generator
Single phase induction motor
Alternator
Transformer.
33
55.
Identify the correct statement.

*
Mark only one oval.
Turns ratio= E1/E2
Turns ratio= E1/N1
Turns ratio= N1/E2
Turns ratio= E1/I1
Turns ratio= N2/N1
56.
In a static machine, maximum efficiency is achieved when ,

*
Mark only one oval.
copper loss = iron loss
copper loss = iron loss + mechanical loss
copper loss > iron loss
copper loss < iron loss
copper loss = 2* iron loss
57.
Which of the following is transformer rating?

*
Mark only one oval.
KW (Kilo-Watt)
MW (Mega-Watt)
Volts
KVAR (Kilo-Volt-Ampere-Reactive)
KVA (Kilo-Volt-Ampere)
58.
The field and armature windings are connected in series in,

*
Mark only one oval.
Alternator
DC series machine
Transformer
DC shunt machine
Three phase transformer
59.
What happens to a DC motor, if field is excited and armature current is notsupplied to the stationary
conductor?
*
Mark only one oval.
34
Motor will act as generator.
Motor starts to rotate.
Motor produces induced emf.
Motor coils get heated up.
Motor will not rotate.
60.
In which transformer, both primary and secondary are wound on the central limb?
*
Mark only one oval.
Step up transformer.
Step down transformer.
Core type transformer.
Shell type transformer.
Auto transformer.
61.
Which of the following parameters has the ratio of rms value to average value?
*
Mark only one oval.
Peak factor
Duty factor
Form factor
Turns ratio
Crest factor
62.
Which of the following motor runs at high speed at no load condition?

*
Mark only one oval.
DC shunt motor
DC series motor
DC long shunt compound motor
DC differential compound motor
DC cumulative compound motor
63.
In DC motor the torque produced is ,

*
Mark only one oval.
proportional to armature current.
proportional to field current.
inversely proportional to armature current.
inversely proportional to flux.
proportional to square of field current.
35
64.
In a three-phase star-connected system the line current equals

*
Mark only one oval.
Line voltage
Phase current
1.732 times Phase current
1.732 times Line voltage
1.414 times Phase current
65.
In a three-phase star-connected system the line voltage equals

*
Mark only one oval.
Phase voltage
1.732 times phase voltage
Phase voltage/ 1.732
Line current
1.732 times Line current
66.
In a star connected three-phase system, the line voltages

*
Mark only one oval.
lead the phase voltages by 30°E
lag the phase voltages by 30°E
lag the phase voltages by 60°E
67.
In a three-phase delta-connected system the line current equals

*
Mark only one oval.
phase current
1.732 x phase current
1.732 x phase voltage
line voltage
1.732 x line voltage
68.
In a three-phase delta-connected system the line voltage equals

*
Mark only one oval.
1.732 x phase voltage
36
phase voltage / 1.732
phase voltage
line current
1.732 x line current
69.
In a three phase AC circuit, the sum of all three generated voltages is

*
Mark only one oval.
Infinity
Zero
Unity
90 degrees displaced
180 degrees displaced
70.
In a series RC circuit, 12 V(rms) is measured across the resistor and 15 V(rms) ismeasured across the
capacitor. The rms source voltage is
*
Mark only one oval.
27 V
19.2 V
1.92 V
3V
13.7 V
71.
The current in the inductor lags the voltage in a series RLC circuit
*
Mark only one oval.
Above the resonant frequency
Below the resonant frequency
Equal to the resonant frequency
Depends on the circuit
Independent of resonant frequency
72.
The current in the capacitor leads the voltage in a series RLC circuit
*
Mark only one oval.
Below the resonant frequency
Above the resonant frequency
Independent of resonant frequency
Depends on the circuit
Equal to the resonant frequency
73.
37
In a series RLC circuit, the phase difference between the current in the circuit andthe voltage across the
capacitor is
*
Mark only one oval.
Zero degrees
60 degrees
90 degrees
120 degrees
180 degrees
74.

*
Mark only one oval.
Split phase Induction Motor
Three phase Induction Motor
DC Shunt motor
DC series Motor
DC Compound Motor
75.
What happens when the terminals of capacitor in single phase IM is shorted?

*
Mark only one oval.
Motor will reverse
Motor will run fast
Motor will jerk
Motor will act as generator
Motor will not start
76.
What is the role of running winding in capacitor start and run IM?
*
Mark only one oval.
To start the motor
To run the motor at rated speed
To improve torque production
To improve power factor
To improve efficiency
77.
Find out the machine which has high power factor

*
Mark only one oval.
Split phase IM
38
Shaded pole IM
Capacitor start IM
Capacitor run IM
Single phase split phase rotating transformer
78.
Rotation of Split phase IM can be

*
Mark only one oval.
Reversed by reversing the running winding
Reversed by reversing the supply
Reversed by adding a capacitor in series
Reversed by adding a capacitor in parallel
79.

*
Mark only one oval.
Capacitor start IM
Shaded Pole IM
Split Phase IM
Capacitor start-run IM
Three phase IM
80.
Identify the motor used in compressors.

*
Mark only one oval.
Shaded pole IM
Capacitor start IM
Capacitor start-run IM
Three phase IM
Synchronous motor
81.
What is the most common reason for ceiling fan to slow down ?
*
Mark only one oval.
Shorted armature winding
Poor mechanical design of wings
Reversal of phase and neutral connections
Weakening of capacitor
Open circuit fault
82.
Choose the odd man out for shaded pole induction motor
39
*
Mark only one oval.
Armature winding
Squirrel Cage rotor
Capacitor
Poles
Stator slots
83.
Capacitor used in ceiling fan has

*
Mark only one oval.
Clear marking of polarities
No marking of polarities
No voltage ratings
No data about its capacitance
No dielectric material
84.

*
Mark only one oval.
Synchronous Machine
DC Motor
DC Shunt Generator
Single phase IM
Three Phase IM
85.
Slip of three phase IM becomes less than one percent when

*
Mark only one oval.
The machine is operated at full-load
The machine is operated at half-load
The machine is operated at no-load
The machine is operated at quarter-load
The machine is operated at one third load
86.
Which one of the following is made of silicon steel?

*
Mark only one oval.
Winding
End rings
Stator core
Rotor bars
40
87.
What is the most preferred motor in industries?

*
Mark only one oval.
Shaded pole induction motor
DC series motor
Three phase induction motor
Synchronous motor
Universal motor
88.
Cogging is related to
*
Mark only one oval.
DC generator
DC Shunt motor
Induction Motor
Single phase Transformer
Three phase transformer
89.
Identify the following equation

*
Mark only one oval.
Slip
Percentage Slip
Synchronous speed
Speed of rotating magnetic field
Air gap flux
90.
Identify the X-axis of the following graph related to three phase induction motor
*
Mark only one oval.
Voltage
Load current
Speed
Power factor
Reactive power
91.
How to reverse three phase IM?

*
Mark only one oval.
By disconnecting any one of the three phases
41
By interchanging any two phases
By increasing the supply frequency above 50 Hz
By decreasing the supply frequency below 50 Hz
By changing the supply the voltage
92.
A three phase induction motor is

*
Mark only one oval.
Not a self starting motor
A self starting motor
A motor which needs capacitor to start
A motor which has to be started with load
A motor which runs in synchronous speed
93.
Squirrel Cage IM has

*
Mark only one oval.
End rings
Permanent magnet rotor
Windings in rotor
Split rings
Commutators
Reg. No.
[Regulation 2019]
Time : 90 Min Max. Marks : 50
UNIT II
Part B [10 x 4 marks
questions]
42
2[a] A coil of resistance 20  is in series with an inductance of 0 04 H. A supply of 230 V,
50 Hz is applied to the combination. Determine the capacitance which when connected in
series with the coil causes no change in the magnitude and power taken from the supply.
[B1]
2[b] A coil is in series with a 20 μF capacitor across a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The current
taken by the circuit is 8A and the power consumed is 200 W. Calculate the inductance of
the coil if the power factor of the circuit (i)leading (ii) lagging. Sketch a vector diagram for
each condition and calculate the coil p.f. in each case. [B1]
2[c] A resistance of 20 , inductance of 0.2 H and capacitance of 150 μF are connected in

series and are fed by a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Find XL, XC, Z, Y, power factor, active
power and reactive power. [B1]
2[d] A resistance of 15 W and an inductance of 4H and a capacitance of 25 μF are

connected in series across 230 V a.c. supply. Calculate (i) the frequency at which the
current shall be maximum (ii) current at this frequency and (iii) voltage across inductance
[B1]
2[e] For a series RLC circuit, the inductor is variable. Source voltage is 200 2 sin 100 t
volts. Maximum current obtainable by varying the inductance is 0.314 A and the voltage
across the capacitor then is 300 V. Find the circuit elements values. [B2]
2[f] It is desired to design a series resonant circuit with the following specifications C =
250 pF; fr = 600 kHz; BW = 20 kHz. Calculate Q, R and L of the circuit. Also calculate the
current at 500 kHz as a fraction of current at resonance. [B2]
2[g] A series LCR circuit which resonates at fr = 500 kHz has L = 100 μH, R = 25 W and
C = 1000 pF. Determine (i) the Q-factor of the circuit (ii) the new value of C required to
resonate at 500 kHz when the value of L is doubled and new Q-factor. [B1]
2[h] Three equal impedances of (8+j10) are connected in star. This is further connected
to a 440 V, 50Hz, three phase supply. Calculate the active and reactive power and line and
phase currents. [A2]
2[i] A 3 phase balanced delta connected load of (4+j8)  is connected across a 400 V, 3
phase supply. Determine the phase current and line current. Assume RYB Phase sequence.
Also calculate the power drawn by the load. [B1]
43
2[j] Three 100 resistors are connected in (i) Star and (ii) Delta across a 415 V, 50Hz, 3
Phase supply. Calculate the line and phase currents and power consumed in each phase.
[B2]
Part B [20 x 4 Marks questions]
3[a] Explain the principle of operation of i) DC generator ii) DC motor. [A2]

3[b] Differentiate main field pole from interpole in a DC generator. [B2] 3[c] Write down the
emf equation of DC generator, DC motor and transformer. [A2] 3[d] Plot the characteristic
curves of all the types of DC compound motor. [B2]
3[e] Draw the transformer equivalent circuit and elaborate the parameters. [B2]
3[f] Analyze the principle of operation of a transformer. [B2] 3[g] What is armature torque
and shaft torque? Mention the relation between the two torque. [A1] 3[h] How back emf is
produced in DC machine? Write down its mathematical expression. [C1] 3[i] Define Fleming
left hand, right hand rule. Identify in which DC machine left hand and right
hand rule is applicable. [B2]
3[j] Describe the occurrence of Iron loss in DC machine. Explain its types and preventive methods.
[A
2]
3[k] Elaborate on the construction, principle of operation of synchronous motor. [A1] 3[l]
Explain why is a rotating field system used in preference to a stationary field in alternators?
[A2]
3[m] Why is synchronous motor not self-starting? Discuss the methods used to start the synchronous
motors? [A1]
3[n] What is the significance of V curves in synchronous motor? What are the main characteristics
of a synchronous motor? [A1]
3[o] Explain construction and working principle of three-phase induction motor. [A1]
3[p] Briefly discuss the torque-slip characteristic of three-phase induction motor. [B2]
3[q] With neat diagrams explain working principle of split phase induction motor in details. [A1]
3[r] Discuss double filed revolving theory. [B2]
3[s] How capacitor start motor induction motor differs from capacitor start and run induction motor,
explain. [A1]
3[t] Explain methods of measurement of slip in three-phase induction motor. [A2]
EE19242-Basic Electrical and Electronics

Engineering-CAT III-I Year-28.07.2021-Set1
44
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTION: Students are instructed to click on the SUBMIT button before 8:30 a.m. If the
SUBMIT button is not clicked before 8:30 a.m., answers will not be recorded and it will be considered as
ABSENT. No additional time will be given. Students will be able to edit the answers even after submitting by
clicking on the test link and Click on Edit Your Response before 8:30 a.m.
1.
Email
*
2.
Enter Reg. No. in FULL (Eg. 200501001)

*
Enter Reg. No. in FULL (Eg. 200501001). Entering Wrong No. or Part No. may lead to disqualification of yourexam.
* Required
3.
Select the last digit of your Reg. No.

*
Mark only one oval.
0
Skip to question 4
1
Skip to question 34
2
Skip to question 64
3
Skip to question 34
4
Skip to question 64
5
Skip to question 4
6
Skip to question 64
7
Skip to question 4
8
Skip to question 34
9
Skip to question 4
4.
A crystal diode has

*
Mark only one oval.
Two PN junction
One PN junction
Three PN junction
45
Four PN junction
No junction
5.
If the arrow of a crystal diode symbol is positive with respect to bar ,then diode is
*
Mark only one oval.
Reverse biased
Forward biased
unbiased
Both forward and Reverse biased
biased
6.
The forward voltage drop across a silicon diode is about

*
Mark only one oval.
2.5 V
3V
0.7 V
10 V
5V
7.
A crystal diode is used as

*
Mark only one oval.
an amplifier
a rectifier
an oscillator
a voltage regulator
an insulator
8.
An ideal crystal diode is one which behaves as a perfect _________ when forwardbiased
*
Mark only one oval.
conductor
insulator
resistance material
Ideal diode
both conductor & insulator
9.
The leakage current in a crystal diode is due to

*
46
Mark only one oval.
minority carriers
majority carriers
junction capacitance
low resistance
high resistance
10.
A crystal diode utilizes _______ characteristics for rectification

*
Mark only one oval.
reverse only
Forward only
forward or reverse
both forward and reverse
neither forward nor reverse
11.
If doping level in a crystal is increased ,the width of depletion layer _________

*
Mark only one oval.
remains the same
is increased
is decreased
becomes more widen than usual
has no effect
12.
The element that has the biggest size in a transistor is ________

*
Mark only one oval.
collector
base
emitter
collector -base junction
emitter base junction
13.
A Transistor is a __________ operated device.

*
Mark only one oval.
voltage
current
both voltage & current
linear
non-linear
47
14.
In a Transistor,____________
*
Mark only one oval.
Ic=Ie+Ib
IB=Ic+Ie
IE=Ic-Ib
IE=IC+IB
Ib=Ic-Ie
15.
The voltage gain of a transistor connected in ________ arrangement is the highest

*
Mark only one oval.
common base
common collector
common emitter
emitter alone
collector alone
16.
The arrow in the symbol of a Transistor indicates the direction of ______

*
Mark only one oval.
electron current in emitter
electron current in collector
hole current in the emitter
donor ion current
acceptor ion current
17.
The most commonly used semiconductor in the manufacture of a transistor is_____

*
Mark only one oval.
germanium
silicon
carbon
nickel
silver
18.
In an NPN transistor, the majority carriers from the emitter________

*
Mark only one oval.
holes
48
electrons
donor ions
acceptor ions
holes & electrons
19.
Name the effect that governs the operation of thermocouple

*
Mark only one oval.
Peltier effect
Field Effect
Transistor effect
Hall Effect
Piezo electric effect
20.
Amount of heat liberated or absorbed when 1A current passes is called ?

*
Mark only one oval.
Planck’s coefficient
Einstien’s coefficient
Peltier Coefficient
Thermal coefficient
Viscous coefficient
21.
Which of the following element is used as a thermocouple in nuclear reactor?

*
Mark only one oval.
Boron
Platinum
Copper
Iron
Aluminium
22.
Which of these is the reverse of Seebeck Effect?

*
Mark only one oval.
Peltier Effect
Thomson effect
Hall Effect
Piezo electric effect
They are one and the same.
23.
49
Which of these measures change in acceleration, pressure and strain?
*
Mark only one oval.
Photoelectric Transducer
Capacitive Transducer
Piezoelectric Transducer
Inductive Transducer
Resistive transducer
24.
Natural quartz is used in pressure transducers because of its ____ temperaturesensitivity and ______
resistivity.
*
Mark only one oval.
Low, Low
Low ,High
High, Low
High,high
Medium, high
25.
Which of these is an example of Piezoelectric material?

*
Mark only one oval.
Glass
Quartz
Corundum
Neoprene
Boron
26.
Which of the following parameters can’t be found with Hall Effect?

*
Mark only one oval.
Polarity
Conductivity
Carrier concentration
Area of the device
Polarity and Area of the device
27.
In the Hall Effect, the electric field is in x direction and the velocity is in y direction.What is the direction of
the magnetic field?
*
Mark only one oval.
XY plane
50
YZ plane
ZX plane
Y
Z
28.
How does the intensity affect the photoelectric current?

*
Mark only one oval.
Intensity increases, photoelectric effect increases
Intensity decreases, photoelectric effect increases
Intensity increases, photoelectric effect decreases
Intensity decreases, photoelectric effect decreases
They are not related to each other
29.
The photoelectric emission could be explained by the ____________

*
Mark only one oval.
Wave nature of light
Particle nature of light
Wave and particle nature of light
Quantum nature light
Dual nature light
30.
What is the effect of intensity on the stopping potential?

*
Mark only one oval.
Intensity increases, stopping potential increases linearly
Intensity increases, stopping potential decreases linearly
Intensity increases, stopping potential increases exponentially
Intensity decreases, stopping potential increases linearly
Intensity decreases, stopping potential increases exponentially
31.
Piezoelectric effect is when materials produce electric charges when ____________

*
Mark only one oval.
Voltage is applied
Mechanical Stress is applied
Electric field is applied
Magnetic field is applied
Electromagnetic field is applied
32.
51
Piezoelectricity is shown by substances which are ___________
*
Mark only one oval.
Polar
Non Polar
Symmetric
Lateral
Asymmetric
33.
Piezoelectricity means _________________

*
Mark only one oval.
Electric Polarization
Electric Dipole
Magnetic dipole
Polar Dielectric
Pressure Electricity
34.
What is the effect of applying negative bias at gate of JFET?

*
Mark only one oval.
Device reaches saturation at higher level of VDS
Device reaches saturation at lower level of VDS
Device gets Cut off
Device acts as an amplifier
Device is just turned on
35.
The resistivity of a semiconductor ____________ conductors and insulators is

*
Mark only one oval.
More than
Less than
Same as
Is infinite compared to
Lies between conductors and Insulators
36.
A semiconductor is formed by __________ bonds.

*
Mark only one oval.
Co valent
Electrovalent
52
Co-ordinate
Weak
Strong
37.
In a semiconductor, the energy gap between the valence band and conductionband is about________
*
Mark only one oval.
5 eV
10 eV
15 eV
1.1 eV
20 eV
38.
The following is the Energy Band diagram of ?

*
Mark only one oval.
Insulator
Conductor
Semiconductor
Both Insulator and Semiconductor
Both Conductor and Semiconductor
39.
Substituting the charge of one electron and a potential difference of 1 V results inan energy level referred to
as______?
*
Mark only one oval.
1 Joule
1 Volt
I Ampere
I Coulomb
1 eV
40.
_______ is the second most abundant element on earth.

*
Mark only one oval.
Ge
GaAs
Si
B
P
41.
53
PIV rating of Si diodes and Ge diodes are ?
*
Mark only one oval.
1000V, 400 V
10 V, 400 V
10V , 1000V
1000V,10V
400V,1000V
42.
P added along with Si acts as a

*
Mark only one oval.
Donor
Acceptor
Neutral atom
Holes
Protons
43.
The voltage when saturation current IDSS flows through JFET is called?
*
Mark only one oval.
Threshold voltage
Cut off Voltage
Cut-in Voltage
Knee Voltage
Pinch off Voltage
44.
When VGS = -Vp, the JFET

*
Mark only one oval.
Is Turned on
Is Turned off
Is Saturated
Acts as an amplifier
Acts as a current source
45.
The JFET acts as a

*
Mark only one oval.
Current controlled voltage source
Voltage controlled current source
Curent controlled current source
54
Voltage controlled voltage source
Voltage controlled resistor
46.
When VDS > Vp, the JFET

*
Mark only one oval.
Acts as an amplifier
Acts as a current source
Acts as a voltage Source
Gets Cut off
Gets saturated
47.
Name the region where JFET acts as a variable Resistor

*
Mark only one oval.
Ohmic Region
Cut off Region
Saturation Region
Active Region
Forward biased region
48.
Which of these is true about JFET

*
Mark only one oval.
High input impedance and greater temperature stability
Low input impedance and greater temperature stability
High input impedance and poor temperature stability
Low input impedance and poor temperature stability
Low input impedance and poor or good temperature stability
49.
An Ammeter is ________ instruments.

*
Mark only one oval.
an indicating
an integrating
a recording
counting
Reading
50.
When the pointer of an indicating instrument is in motion then deflecting torque isopposed by _______
*
55
Mark only one oval.
controlling torque only
damping torque only
both damping & controlling torques
shaft torque
Shaft and damping torque
51.
The pointer of an indicating instruments is generally made up of

*
Mark only one oval.
copper
aluminium
silver
soft steel
Carbon
52.
Permanent -magnet moving coil instrument can be used for ____

*
Mark only one oval.
AC work only
DC work only
both DC & AC work
neither DC nor AC work
Pulsed source
53.
shunt are generally made of ________

*
Mark only one oval.
copper
aluminium
silver
manganin
boron
54.
If current through the operating coil of a moving iron instrument is doubled ,theoperating force becomes
_______
*
Mark only one oval.
two times
four times
one-half time
three times
56
six times
55.
The full scale deflection current of a moving coil instrument is about ____
*
Mark only one oval.
50mA
1A
3A
2A
3A
56.
.Moving iron instruments have ______ scale.

*
Mark only one oval.
uniform
squared
log
non-uniform
Cubed
57.
_____ instruments are most sensitive.

*
Mark only one oval.
moving iron
hot wire
dynamometer
permanent -magnet moving coil
Variable magnet moving coil
58.
The Watt-hour meter is _________ instrument.

*
Mark only one oval.
an integrating
an indicating
a recording
a transfer
a reading
59.
A Permanent magnet moving coil ammeter is connected in 50 Hz ac circuit inwhich 5A current is flowing.
The meter will read
*
57
Mark only one oval.
0A
5A
2.5 A
3
4A
60.
A moving iron Instrument can be used for

*
Mark only one oval.
DC only
AC only
Both AC & DC only
neither DC nor AC
Digital
61.
A moving iron type ammeter has far turns of thick wire so that
*
Mark only one oval.
sensitivity is high
Damping is effective
scale is large
Resistance is less
Scale is small
62.
Moving iron Instruments are rarely used in low power high resistance circuitsbecause of
*
Mark only one oval.
high resistance of coil
low resistance of magnetic path
high resistance of magnetic path
low resistance of coil
both low resistance of coil and magnetic path
63.
Resistance of an ammeter having range 0-5A is 1.8ohm.It is shunted by a resistor of0.2 ohm. What is the
effective current when the pointer reads2A?
*
Mark only one oval.
10 A
30 A
15 A
20 A
58
25 A
64.
Transistor biasing consider as

*
Mark only one oval.
AC
DC
Single Phase
Three Phase
neutral only
65.
Which of the following circuit is used for transistor biasing?

*
Mark only one oval.
Proper direct current
Proper alternating current
Base current small
Collector current small
Base and collector current small
66.
Transistor biasing is normally represented as

*
Mark only one oval.
Biasing circuit
Bias battery
Diode
Transistor
Aluminium coil
67.
In transistor operation, its collector should have

*
Mark only one oval.
Proper forward bias
Proper reverse bias
Very small size
Collector current small
The base current small
68.
Which of the following type is used for Op-Amp?

*
Mark only one oval.
59
Current
Voltage
Power
Resistance
Capacitance
69.
which of the following coupled voltage type is used for Op-Amp?

*
Mark only one oval.
AC
DC
ADC
DAC
CRO
70.
Op-Amp is a
*
Mark only one oval.
High gain
Low gain
Zero gain
Medium gain
Phase margin
71.
Which one of the input is used for Operational Amplifier?

*
Mark only one oval.
Single
Similar
Zero
Differential
Maximum
72.
The output voltage is expressed as a function of an Inverting Amplifier circuit is

*
Mark only one oval.
Input current
Output current
Source voltage
Source current
Source power
73.
60
The expression of an output voltage is vo= -Avn, then A is called
*
Mark only one oval.
Closed loop gain
Closed loop fault
Open loop fault
Open loop gain
Feedback loop
74.
The value of Rf/Rs is, if VCC = 12V and vs=1mV,

*
Mark only one oval.
>12000
<12000
12000
1
4
75.
The number of resistor in a circuits of an inverting and Non-Inverting amplifyingcomprises of

*
Mark only one oval.
3, 2
2, 3
2, 2
3, 3
4,5
76.
The condition to operate in linear region operation for a Non-inverting amplifyingcircuit is

*
Mark only one oval.
(Rs+Rf)/Rs < │VCC/vg│
(Rs+Rf)/Rs ≠ │VCC/vg│
(Rs+Rf)/Rs > │VCC/vg│
(Rs+Rf)/Rs = │VCC/vg│
(Rs+Rs)/Rf = │VCC/vg│
77.
The input of an Inverting amplifier is

*
Mark only one oval.
Equal to output
Equal to Inverted output
61
Not equal to output
Output is equal to input
Zero
78.
The reverse current in a diode is normally measured by

*
Mark only one oval.
kA
mA
μA
A
V
79.
An active transducer is represented as

*
Mark only one oval.
Strain gauge
Thermistor
LVDT
Thermocouple
RTD
80.
A self-generating transducer is a
*
Mark only one oval.
Active transducer
Passive transducer
Secondary transducer
Analog transducer
Digital transducer
81.
The working principle of LVDT is

*
Mark only one oval.
Mutual inductance
Self-inductance
Permanence
Reluctance
Permeability
82.
Which of the following measurement is used by Capacitive transducer ?

62
*
Mark only one oval.
Static measurement
Dynamic measurement
Transient measurement
Reactance measurement
Inductance measurement
83.
Which of the following characteristics are not included in an ideal transducer?

*
Mark only one oval.
High dynamic range
Low linearity
High repeatability
Low noise
High noise
84.
If the length of the conductor is increased, What will happen to resistance,

*
Mark only one oval.
Decreases
No change
Increases
Doubles
Single
85.
Which of the following range can be used to measure by using thermistors?

*
Mark only one oval.
Very low
In-between 100Ω and 1MΩ
Greater than 1MΩ
less than 1MΩ
Very High
86.
What is the important merits of using a digital storage oscilloscope?

*
Mark only one oval.
uses digital storage
uses analog storage
uses mixed mode storage
uses disc storage
63
uses number storage
87.
Which one of the following is used in a digital storage oscilloscope?

*
Mark only one oval.
multi trace
dual trace
modern
conventional
Differential
88.
A digital storage oscilloscope consists of

*
Mark only one oval.
3 modes
2 modes
4 modes
5 modes
6 modes
89.
Digital multimeter is applicable for

*
Mark only one oval.
measuring a.c. and d.c. current, voltage and resistance
measuring a.c. current and voltage
measuring d.c. current and resistance
measuring a.c. voltage and resistance
measuring capacitance and resistance
90.
A digital multimeter should be

*
Mark only one oval.
mechanical
optical
electrical
analog
digital
91.
In general, basic building blocks of digital multimeter are

*
Mark only one oval.
64
oscillator, amplifier
diode, op amp
rectifier, schmitt trigger
inductance
A/D, attenuator, counter
92.
Resistance can be measured by using

*
Mark only one oval.
constant current source
constant voltage source
variable current source
variable voltage source
variable power source
93.
The AC voltages are measured by using

*
Mark only one oval.
oscillators and op amps
rectifiers and filters
resistor and capacitor
inductor and resistor
resistor only
Reg. No.
65
I Year B.E/B.Tech/ EVEN [Semester – II]
Continuous Assessment Test-III [CAT -III]
Sub. Code : EE19242
Subject : Basic Electrical & Electronics
Engineering
QP Code :
[Regulation 2019]
UNIT IV
Part B [15 x 4 marks questions]
4[a] Draw a neat energy band diagram to show the effect of donor impurities on Energy [A2]
Band Structure.
Give a brief description about Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductor Materials with neat [A2]
4[b] diagrams to explain the P and N type materials.
4[c] Write down at least 3 differences between BJT and FET. [B1]
What are Semiconductors? State some of the advantages and applications of [B1]
4[d] semiconductors.
Differentiate semiconductors from insulators and conductors based on the energy gap [B1]
4[e] diagrams of all the three.
4[f] Why is the collector of a transistor made wider than the emitter and base? [A2]
4[g] Why are the transistors mostly connected in CE arrangement? [B1]
4[h] What are the operating modes of BJT? [A1]
What is the difference between the output characteristics of transistors in CB & CE [B2]
4[j] arrangements shown with a neat sketch?
4[k] Why are most of the transistors npn type and not pnp type? [B2]
4[l] Explain the VI characteristics of forward biasing PN Junction diode. [A1]
4[m] Discuss about inverting amplifier with suitable equations. [A2]
4[n] Explain the VI characteristics of reverse biasing PN Junction diode. [A1]
4[o] Discuss about non- inverting amplifier with suitable equations. [A2]
4[p] Why do we need transistor Biasing? Discuss any one biasing method. [A1]
66
UNIT V
Part B [15 x 4 Marks questions]
5[a] What is the difference between an ammeter & a voltmeter? [B2]

5[b] What is D'Arsonval movement? [A2]
5[c] Why should a voltmeter have high resistance? [A1]
5[d] Why are moving iron instruments not used for DC work? [A1]
5[e] What is the importance of controlling torque in indicating instruments? [A1]
5[f] Define and explain Photoelectric effect with a neat diagram. [A1]
5[g] Mention the principles of Hall Effect. [A1]
5[h] State the requirements to be met so that a piezo material can be used as a transducer. [A2]
5[j] Draw a diagram and explain the working of a thermocouple. [A2]
5[k] Explain the emission mechanism involved in the photoelectric effect [A2]
5[l] Explain the working principle of resistive transducer. [A1]
5[m] Discuss about inductive transducer with any one suitable example. [A2]
5[n] Discuss the working condition of digital multimeter with suitable diagram. [A1]
5[o] Discuss about capacitive pressure transducer. [A1]
5[p] Explain the features of CRO with suitable diagram. [A1]
*Question numbers are designed to facilitate randomization
FORM NO. CF11

67
MARKS LIST
S.No Roll. No. Name of the Student CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3
1 96 62 90
200701064 DHANANCHEZHIAN T
2 88 42 76
200701065 DHANUSH G
3 88 62 86
200701066 DHANYA LAKSHMI A
4 76 68 80
200701067 DHIVYA S
5 60 58 76
200701068 DIVYAPRASATH R
6 88 44 88
200701069 DRAVID T
7 98 66 90
200701070 EASHAAN MANOHAR
8 96 60 80
200701071 EKANATH M S
9 96 54 76
200701073 GOKUL K
10 78 58 64
200701074 GOKUL PAWAN B
11 90 48 70
200701075 GOKULA KRISHNAN B
12 74 54 92
200701076 GOWRINENI HARSHITHA SAI
13 78 40 70
200701077 HARIBALA S
14 96 54 90
200701078 HARITHA M
15 92 48 90
200701079 HARITHA S
16 62 52 64
200701080 HARRISH VIJAY G
17 92 66 88
200701081 HARSHINI S
19 82 40 76
200701082 HARSHINI SIVAKUMAR
19 96 46 50
200701083 HEMA MALINI S
20 86 56 74
200701084 HEMANTH KUMAAR B
21 88 52 82
200701085 HIRTHIK SHYAM C
22 92 60 72
200701086 HOSALADEVI N K
23 82 66 80
200701087 INDRA S B
24 94 62 86
200701088 INDRAJITH S
25 80 50 88
200701089 ISAIMOZHI B
26 86 52 88
200701090 JAGAN SARAVANAN M
27 44 18 52
200701091 JAGATHRATCHAHAN V
28 86 50 94
200701092 JAISURIYA P K
29 66 54 72
200701093 JANANI K
30 92 58 90
200701094 JANANI P K
31 86 26 76
200701095 JANANI PRIYA PICHANDI
32 84 62 96
200701096 JANHAVI LENKA
33 86 56 74
200701097 JAWAHARVISHNU B
68
34 70 60 70
200701098 JAYABHARANIVELU V M
35 82 56 90
200701099 JAYANTH J T
36 86 68 90
200701100 JAYASHREE S
37 84 52 90
200701102 JENISH R E
38 88 64 74
200701103 JEYAVELAN K S
39 89 56 92
200701104 JISHNUBARATH C
40 82 46 82
200701105 JOHITH J P
41 54 56 88
200701106 JOSHIKHA V
42 86 54 78
200701107 JOSHUA DAVID
43 96 48 66
200701108 JOTHIKA K
44 82 58 90
200701109 KABILAN J
45 86 56 62
200701110 KABILESH J
46 86 50 66
200701111 KAMALAKSHI N
47 92 70 100
200701112 KANDRIKAR HUDA FATHIMA
48 88 50 86
200701113 KARIESHMAA R
49 92 76 88
200701114 KARTHICK T
50 80 24 78
200701115 KARTHIKEYAN T
51 72 60 80
200701116 KAUSHIIK K
52 88 60 80
200701117 KAVIN A
53 92 62 96
200701119 KAVYA S
54 86 52 88
200701120 KAVYA S
55 90 62 80
200701121 KAVYASHREE B N
56 96 64 96
200701122 KEERTHANA E
57 64 62 86
200701123 KEERTHANA S
58 82 56 78
200701312 SUBRAHMANYAN D
FORM NO. CF12

RESULT ANALYSIS
69
I CSE B CAT1 CAT 2 CAT 3
No of students present 58 58 58
No of students Absent NIL NIL NIL
No of students passed 57 46 58
No of Failures 1 12 0
98.28 79.31 100.00

Pass Percentage %
CAT-I
CAT-II
70
CAT-III
FORM NO. CF12
LIST OF FALIURES – CAT I
S.No Roll. No. Name of the Student CAT1

1 200701091 JAGATHRATCHAHAN V 44
LIST OF FAILURES – CAT2

42
1 200701065 DHANUSH G
71
44
2 200701069 DRAVID T
48
40
4 200701077 HARIBALA S
48
5 200701079 HARITHA S
40
46
18
26
46
10 200701105 JOHITH J P
48
11 200701108 JOTHIKA K
24
12 200701115 KARTHIKEYAN T
LIST OF FAILURES – CAT3

NIL
FORM NO. CF13
ACTION TAKEN ON SLOW LEARNERS
List of slow learners CAT - I:

Action taken
Students were asked to solve 10 extra problems.
Outcome of action taken:

Oral test was conducted for students. Students performed well.
72
List of slow learners CAT II:
1 200701065 DHANUSH G
2 200701069 DRAVID T
4 200701077 HARIBALA S
5 200701079 HARITHA S
10 200701105 JOHITH J P
11 200701108 JOTHIKA K
12 200701115 KARTHIKEYAN T
Action taken
RECAT was conducted for absent student.
Outcome of action taken:

Oral test was conducted for students. Students performed well.
FORM NO. CF14
BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK WITH 2 MARK ANSWERS
UNIT I
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
1. State Ohm’s law

Ohm’s law states that the voltage (v) across a resistor(R) is directly proportional to the current(i) flowing
through the resistor, at constant temperature.ie, v α i, v = iR,
2. State the Limitation of Ohm’s law

1.Ohm’s law doesn’t apply to all non metallic conductors
2. Doesn’t apply to nonlinear devices like Zener diode, Voltage regulator, tubes etc.,
3.It is not applicable for the metallic conductors which changes with temperature.
3. An Electric iron is rated 1000W, 240V. Find the current drawn & resistance of the heating element.
73
P=V2/R; R= 2402/1000= 57.6Ω and I= V/R =240/57.6 = 4.166 A
4. Define i) charge ii) electric current iii) power iv) network & v) circuit.
Charge: Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs(C).
Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes (A). i =dq/dt.
A direct current (DC) is a current that remains constant with time. An alternating current (AC) is a current that varies
sinusoidally with time.
The potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit is called voltage.
V= (work done/charge) volt
Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, measured in watts(w).p = dw/dt,p- Power in watts (w); w-
energy in joules (J); t - time in seconds (S) ;( or) p = v i,v - Voltage in volts (V); i - current in amperes (A);
Network: The inter connection of two or more simple circuit elements forms an electrical network.
Circuit: If the network contains at least one closed path, it is an electric circuit.
5. State Kirchhoff’s Current law.

KCL (Kirchoff’s Current Law) states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a closed boundary) is zero.
(or) The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.
6. State Kirchoff’sVoltage law.

KVL (Kirchoff’s Voltage Law) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero.
(or) Sum of voltage drop = Sum of voltage rise.
7. The total charge entering a terminal is given by q=5t sin 4πt, mC. Calculate the current at t=0.5 seconds.
Given,Charge q = 5t sin 4πt ( mC) = 5t sin 4πt x 10-3 C; Time, t = 0.5 s.
Current, i = q/t = 5t sin 4πt x 10-3/t = 5 sin 4πt x 10-3 = 0.5472 x 10-3 ,A i = 0.5472 mA
8. How much energy does a 100W electric bulb consume in two hours?
Power = Energy/Time => Energy = P*t = 100*2*3600 = 720000 = 720 KJ
9. A stove element draws 15 A when connected to a 120V line. How long does it take to consume 30kJ?
Time = , t= = =16.67sec
10.What do you meant by Active elements? Give examples.

The element which is capable of generating or supplying energy is called an Active element. Example: Generators,
Batteries, Operational Amplifiers etc.,
11.What do you mean by passive elements? Give examples.

The Passive elements are those, which are capable only of receiving power. Eg: Inductors and Capacitors.
12. Define: Node (OR) Junction.

A Node is a point in the network where two or more circuit elements are connected.
13. Define: Tree

A Tree is a complete path including all the nodes.
14. Define: Branch

A branch is a part of the circuit which lies between two junction points.
15.What do you meant by series and parallel circuit?
74
When circuit elements like resistors are connected in series, such that the same current passes through all of them,
then they are said to be in series.When circuit elements are connected across one another such that the same voltage is
applied to each, then the are said to be in parallel.
16.What are the concepts of series circuit?

1. Current flow in all part of the circuit is the same.
2. Voltage across the different elements will depend upon the resistance of the elements
3. Voltage drops are additive
4. Resistances are additive
5. Powers are additive
6. Applied voltage equals to the sum of different voltage drops.
17. What are the disadvantages of series circuit?

1. If a break occurs at any point in the circuit no current will flow and the entire circuit becomes useless. 2. Series
circuit is not practicable for lighting circuits 3. Electrical devices have a different current ratings, they cannot be
connected in series for efficient operation.
19. Define power and energy. Give the expression for electrical power and energy.
Power is the rate of doing work and its unit is Watt. The unit of electric power is defined interms of the joule per
second. One joule per second is the work done when one coulomb of electricity is moved through a potential
difference of one volt in one second.Power P = EI = I2R = E2/R Watts.
Energy is the product of power and time. If the power remains constant at Pduring the period of time t seconds, the
energy equals Pt Watt-sec or Joules. Energy W = Pt = EIt = I 2Rt = E2t/R J.
19. Write down the expression of equivalent resistance for ‘n’ – number of resistors in series connection.
For ‘n’ resistors connected in series, the equivalent resistance is given by,Req=R 1+R2+R3+………..+Rn
20. Write down the expression of equivalent resistance for ‘n’ - number of resistors in parallel connection.
For ‘n’ resistors connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given by,
21. Write the Algorithm for Nodal Analysis.

Select a node as the reference node. Assign voltages V 1,V2,…Vn-1 to the remaining n-1 nodes. Apply KCL to each of
the n-1 nodes. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations to obtain the unknown node voltages.
22. Write the Algorithm for Mesh Analysis

Assign mesh currents i1,i2,….in to the n meshes. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Solve the resulting n
simultaneous equations to get the mesh currents.
23. Apply KVL and solve the following circuit.Find the value of current I?
By applying KVL, 40-8I+100-2I-30I=0, ans: I=3.5A
24. Write the Mesh equation for the circuit shown in figure.
75
Ans: 7I1 – 2I2 =10
-2I+12I2=0
25. Distinguish between a Loop & Mesh of a circuit

The closed path of a network is called a Loop.An elementary form of a loop which cannot be further divided is called
a mesh. In other words Mesh is closed path does not contain an other loop within it.
26.How are the following affected by change of frequency?a)Resistance b)Inductive reactance

Resistance will not be affected by change of frequency. Inductive reactance will increase by increasing frequency and
vice versa.
27. State Kirchoff’s law applied to A.C circuits

KCL (Kirchoff’s Current Law) states that the vector sum of currents entering a node (or a closedboundary) is zero.
(or)The vector sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the vector sum of the currents leaving the node.
KVL (Kirchoff’s Voltage Law) states that the Vector sum of all voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero.
28. What are the advantages of node voltage method of solving electrical network?
In the node voltage method it is necessary to recognize the junction nodes in the network with refer to one junction
node.the other junction node voltage are assumed as independent variables.
29.Define RMS voltage.

The RMS value of an AC is defined as the equivalent steady value of the DC which can produce the equal amount
of heat, when flow through the given circuit for an equal time.
RMS value of an AC voltage, =0.707Vm
31. Give the voltage- current relations for i) resistance ii) inductance and iii) capacitance.
i) For ResistanceR, V=iR ii) Inductance,L: v = L di/dt iii) Capacitance: v=1/C ∫idt
32. State division of current rule for a two branch parallel network
R1 and R2 are connected in parallel, Let I be the total current, I 1 be the current through R1, I2 be the current through
R2.Then I1 = I * R2/(R1+R2); I2 = I * R1/(R1+R2)
33. State division of voltage rule for a circuit with three resistors in series
R1,R2and R3 are connected in series, Let V be the total voltage, V 1 be the voltage across R1, V2 be the voltage across
R2, V3 be the voltage across R3. Then,V1=V*R1/(R1+R2+R3),V2=V*R2/(R1+R2+R3) and V3=V*R3/(R1+R2+R3)
76
34. Define Node and super node.
A node is the point of connection of two or more branches.A super node is formed by enclosing a voltage source
connected between two nodes.
35. Define mesh and super mesh.

A mesh is a loop, which does not contain any other loops within it.A super mesh results when two meshes have a
current source in common.
36. Write down the formulae for converting Star to Delta.

Rab=(RaRb+RbRc+RcRa) / Rc;Rbc=(RaRb+RbRc+RcRa) / Ra ;Rca =(RaRb+RbRc+ Ra) / Rb
37.Write the objectives of star delta transformation?

The star delta transformation is useful in reducing the complexity of a circuit and converts it into simpler
equivalent form without altering the current and voltage levels at its network terminals as in the original
circuits.
38.A 10A current source has a source resistance of 100Ω. What will be the equivalent voltage source?
Ans:V=IR=10*100=1000V
39. Determine the voltages V1 and V2 in the circuit shown in fig.
= 10 x =5V
= 10 x =5V
40. What is the equivalent resistance across A – B in the network shown in figure?
=5+ =7Ω
41. What are the classifications of circuit elements?

Active And Passive Elements.
Linear And Nonlinear Elements
Unilateral And Bilateral Elements.
Lumped And Distributed Elements
42. What is meant by active and passive elements?

Elements which are capable of delivering power to some external device are called as active elements.
77
Eg:voltage and current source.Passive elements are those that are capable of only receiving power.
Eg: resistor, capacitor ,inductor
43.What is meant by linear and nonlinear elements?

An element is said to be linear, if the voltage current relationship is at all times a straight line though origin.
A linear element obeys principle of superposition and principle of homogeneity. Eg: current passing through
resistor is proportional to voltage applied across it.
An element that does not obey superposition and homogeneity principle is called non-linear element.
44.What are dependent and independent sources?

The sources in which voltage or current value is dependent on voltage or current existing at some other location in the
circuit are called dependent sources.An independent source is those in which voltage and current are independent and
are not affected by other part of the circuit.
45.Define ideal voltage and current source

The voltage generated by the ideal voltage source doesn’t vary with load.
The current generated by the ideal current source doesn’t vary with load.
46.Differentiate between series and parallel connection

The total effective resistance is the sum The reciprocal of the total effective
of the individual resistance ie resistance is the sum of the reciprocals of
Req=R1+R2+……R n individual resistance
1/Req= 1/R1+1/R2+….1/R n
Only one path for the current flow More than one path for the current to flow
The current flowing through all the The current flowing through each
resistances will be the same and equal to resistance is different.
the total current
The voltage is divided across each The voltage across each resistance is
resistance according to the value of same which will be equal to the input
resistance. voltage.
47.What are the advantages of parallel connected circuit?

Electrical appliances of different power ratings may be rated for same voltage
In case , any break or open circuit occurs in any of the branches, it will not affect the other branches.
48.State Superposition theorem.
The superposition theorem states that in any linear network containing two or more sources, the response in any
element is equal to algebraic sum of the responses caused by individual sources acting alone, while the other
sources are non operative; that is, while considering the effect of individual sources, other ideal voltage sources
and ideal current sources in the network are replaced by short circuit and open circuit across their terminals.
49. What is the limitation of Super Position Theorem.

Super position theorem can be applied for finding the current through or voltage across a particular element in a
linear circuit containing more than two sources. But this theorem cannot be used for the calculation of the power.
50. State Thevenin's theorem .

Thevenin’s theorem states that any circuit having a number of voltage sources, resistances and open output
terminals can be replaced by a simple equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage sourceV th in series with a
resistance (impedance)Rth (Zth.)where Vthis equal to the open circuit voltage across the two terminals and R th is
equal to the equivalent resistance measured between the terminals with all energy sources replaced by their
internal resistance.
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51. State reciprocity theorem.
According to this theorem in a linear, bilateral network if we apply some input to a circuit which consists of
resistors, inductors, capacitors and transformers, the ratio of response in any element to the input is constant even
when the position of input and output are interchanged. This is called the Reciprocity Theorem.
52. Is reciprocity theorem applied to the circuit having resistors, capacitors and diodes? Give your reason.
No. Reciprocity theorem is applicable only for linear circuits.
53. State Maximum power transfer theorem.

For a given Thevenin equivalent circuit, maximum power transfer occurs when R L = RTH, that is, when the load
resistance is equal to the thevenin resistance.
54.Write the objectives of star delta transformation?

The star delta transformation is useful in reducing the complexity of a circuit and converts it into simpler
equivalent form without altering the current and voltage levels at its network terminals as in the original circuits.
55.State Norton's theorem.

Norton’s theorem states that any circuit with voltage sources, resistances (impedances) and openoutput terminals
can be replaced by a single current sourceI sc in parallel with single resistanceR th(impedanceZth.).WhereIscis equal
to the current passing through the short circuit output terminals and R this equal to the resistance seen into the
output terminals with all energy source arereplaced by their internal resistance.
56. Where and why is maximum power transfer theorem is applied.

In a certain applications it is desirable to have a maximum power transfer from source to load.The maximum
power transfer to load is possible only if the source and load has matched impedance.Eg: TV/Radio receiver
57. What is the condition to obtain maximum power when an ac source with internal impedance is
connected to a load with variable resistance and variable reactance?
Maximum power transferred from source to load, when the load impedance is equal to complex conjugate of
source impedance.
58.A 10A current source has a source resistance of 100Ω. What will be the equivalent voltage source?
Ans:V=IR=10*100=1000V
59. A 1V Voltage source has an internal resistance of 1Ω, Calculate the Maximum power that can be
delivered to any load.
Maximum power transferred to the load = Vs2RL / ( Rs+ RL)2= ¼ =0.25 W.
60. State the maximum power transfer theorem for AC circuit.
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Maximum average power is transferred to a load when the load impedance is the complex conjugate of the
Thevenin’s impedance as seen from the load terminals, Z L = ZTh*
61 Determine the voltages V1 and V2 in the circuit shown in fig.
= 10 x =5V
62.What is the equivalent resistance across A – B in the network shown in figure?

= 10 x =5V
=5+ =7Ω
63.Write the expressions for resistance of a star network in terms of known delta values
Ra = ( Rab Rbc )/( Rab+ Rbc+ Rca); Rb = ( Rbc Rca )/( Rab+ Rbc+ Rca) ; Rc = ( Rca Rbc )/( Rab+ Rbc+ Rca)
64.Why do you short circuit the voltage source and open the current source when you find the
thevenin’s
equivalent resistance of a network?
While finding the equivalent resistance, the voltage and current source has to be replaced by their
equivalent resistance and hence the voltage sources are short circuited and current sources are open
circuited .
65. List the applications of maximum power transfer theorem.

The applications of maximum power transfer theorem are :
1. Power amplifiers
2. Microwave transmission
3. Communication systems
66. Mention the limitations of maximum power transfer theorem.

The maximum efficiency which can be obtained by using this theorem is only 50%. It is because 50% of the
power is unnecessarily wasted in RTH. This theorem is applicable only for communication circuits and not for
power circuits where efficiency is of greater importance rather than power delivered.
UNIT II
AC CIRCUITS
1. What are the three types of power used in AC circuits?

i) Real or Active or True power P=EI cosθ ii) Reactive power Q=EI sinθ iii) Apparent power S=EI
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2. Define Real power.
The actual power consumed in an AC circuits is called real power. And P=EI cosθ
3. Define Reactive power.

The power consumed by the pure reactance (Xl or Xc) in an AC circuit is called reactive power. The unit
is VAR.and Q=EI sinθ
4. Define Apparent power and Power factor.

The Apparent power (in VA) is the product of the rms values of voltage and current.S = V rmsIrms
The Power factor is the cosine of the phase difference between voltage and current. It is also the cosine of the load
impedance. And Power factor = cos φ
The power factor is lagging if the current lags voltage (inductive load) and is leading when the current
leads voltage (capacitive load).
5. What is meant by Complex power?

Complex power (in VA) is the product of the rms voltage phasor and the complex conjugate of the rms current
phasor. As a complex quantity, its real part is real power, P and its imaginary part is reactive power, Q. and S = P
+ jQ
6. What are the advantages of 3 phase circuits over single phase circuits?
1. Generation, transmission and distribution of 3 phase power is cheaper
2. More efficient
3. Uniform torque production occurs
7. State the relationship between line voltage& phase voltage and line current & phase current of a 3 phase
delta connected system.
Vph = VL; Iph= IL / 3
8. State the relationship between line voltage & phase voltage and line current & phase current
of a 3 phase star connected system.
Vph= VL / 3; Iph= IL
9. Write the expression for the instantaneous values of emfs in a 3 phase circuit.
VR = Vm sin t; VY = Vm sin (t-1200); VB = Vm sin (t-2400)
10.Write the relation between the line and phase value of voltage and current in a balanced
delta connected system?
.
Where, =Line voltage and current =Phase voltage and current
11.A star connected balanced load draw a current of 35A per phase when connected to a 440 V supply.
Determine the apparent power.
Apparent power= = *440*35 =26.67kVA
12.Give some method available for measuring three-phase power.

1. Single wattmeter method. 2. Two-wattmeter method. 3. Three-wattmeter method.
13. What is line current and phase current?
The current flowing in the line is called the line current. It is denoted as I L
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The current flowing in any phase winding is called phase current. It is denoted as Iph.
14.Define power factor.

Power factor is defined as the cosine of angle between voltage and current. If φ is the angle between voltage and
current then cos φ is called as the power factor.
15.What are the advantages of two-wattmeter method?

The principal advantages is that the algebraic sum of the readings of the two wattmeters indicates the total power
regardless of,(i) Load impedance; (ii)Source impedance; (iii)Difference in wattmeters; (iv) Phase sequence
16. What is line voltage and phase voltage?

The voltage between any two lines is called line voltage. It is denoted as V L. The voltage between any line and
the neutral point is called the phase voltage. It is denoted as V ph.
17.Write the expression for the power measured by two watt meters used in 3- phase balanced load, in
terms of voltage, current and power factor.
W1 = VLILcos(30 + ); W2 = VLILcos(30 - )
19.Write the expression for power factor in two wattmeter method of power measurement.
19.What are the disadvantages of two-wattmeter method?

i) Not applicable for three phase, 4 wire system. ii) the signs of w 1 and w2 must be identified and noted down
correctly otherwise it may lead to the wrong results
20. Define Symmetrical System.

It is possible in polyphase system that magnitudes of different alternating voltage are different. But a three phase
system in which the three voltages are of same magnitude and frequency and displaced from each other by 120°
phase angle is defined as symmetrical system.
21. Explain the concept of balanced load.

The load is said to be balanced when magnitudes of all impedances Z ph1, Zph2 and Zph3 are equal and the phase
angles of all of them are equal and of same nature either all inductive or all capacitive or all resistive.
22. What are the advantages of 3Φ system?

1. Constant power 2. Higher rating 3. Power transmission economics
23. What is phase sequence of a 3-phase system?

The order in which the voltage in the three phases reach their maximum positive values is called the phase
sequence.
24. Define Phasor and Phase angle.

A sinusoidal wave form can be represented or in terms of a Phasor. A Phasor is a vector with definite magnitude
and direction. From the Phasor the sinusoidal wave form can be reconstructed.
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Phase angle is the angular measurement that specifies the position of the alternating quantity relative to a
reference.
25. What is an impedance triangle?

The right angle triangle formed by the resistance (R), reactance (X) and the impedance (Z) is called an impedance
triangle
26. What is phase sequence?

The phase sequence of three phase system is the order in which the voltages in each phase reach their maximum
value.
27. List the methods of connections of three phase windings.

The methods of connections of three phase windings are :
(i) Independent Connection
(ii) Star Connection
(iii) Delta Connection
28. Write the types of balanced and unbalanced loads in a three phase system.
Types of balanced loads are :
(i) Balanced delta connected load
(ii) Balanced star connected load
Types of unbalanced loads are :
(i) Unbalanced delta connected load
(ii) Unbalanced three wire star connected load
(iii) Unbalanced four wire star connected load
29. The neutral point of an unbalanced three wire star connected load is called as a floating neutral point.
Why?
The potential of the load star point is different from that of the supply star point. The result is that the load phase
voltages are not equal to the supply phase voltage and they are not only unequal in magnitude, but also subtend
angles other than 1200 with one another. The magnitude of each phase voltages depends upon the individual
phase loads. The potential of the load neutral point changes according to changes in the impedance of the phases,
that is why sometimes the load neutral is also called floating neutral point.
30. Define positive phase sequence.

The ‘Y’ phase voltage follows the ‘R’ phase voltage. The ‘B’ phase voltage follows the ‘Y’ phase voltage. Hence
we say the phase sequence is RYB. The RYB sequence in the anticlockwise direction defines the postive phase
sequence. It is shown in fig. (a).
31. Define negative phase sequence.

If the phase sequence is given as RBY, it indicates ‘B’ phase voltage follows the ‘R’ phase voltage. The ‘Y’
phase voltage follows the ‘B’ phase voltage. The ‘R’ phase voltage follows the ‘Y’ phase voltage. Hence we say
the phase sequence is RBY. This sequence is called negative phase sequence. It is shown in fig. (b).
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32. Define peak factor and form factor
Peak factor is defined as the ratio of the peak value of the wave to the rms value of wave.
Peak factor = Vm/Vrms = 1.414
Form factor of a waveform is defined as the ratio of rms value to the average value of the wave. Form factor =
Vrms/Vav = 1.11
33. What are the advantages of sinusoidal wave?

The machines and appliances working on sine wave voltage and current have better performance than with other wave
shapes.
The rate of change of sine wave is small, so does not cause large harmful EMFs in the circuits.
The wave form can be written in terms of sinusoidal function according to fourier theorem.
The derivatives and integral of sine wave is also sinusoidal.

Easy to analyse.
Easy to generate.
34. What is instantaneous value, peak value and peak to peak value?
The value of an alternating quantity at any particular instant is called instantaneous value
Peak value of an alternating quantity is the maximum value attained during positive or negative half cycle.
Peak to peak value is the value from positive to the negative peak of alternating quantity
UNIT III
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
1. What is the function of carbon brush used in DC generator?

The function of carbon brush is to collect current from the commutator and supply to the external load circuit and
to the field circuit.
2. Distinguish between lap winding and wave winding used in dc machine.

Lap winding is designed for high current and low voltage machines.
Wave winding is designed for low current and high voltage machines
3.Write the number of parallel paths in a lap and wave connected windings
In a lap wound machine, the number of parallel paths is equal to the number of poles. But in wave wound machine,
the number of parallel paths is always two irrespective of number of poles.
4. Name the three things required for the generation of emf.

O Presence of armature conductors
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O Presence of magnetic field
O Relative motion between conductor and magnetic field
5.What is meant by self excited and separately excited dc generator?

Self-excited generator are those whose field magnets are energized by the current produced by the generator
themselves.Separately excited generator are those whose field magnets are energized from an independent external
source of dc current
6.What is the basic difference between dc generator and dc motor?

Generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Motor converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. But there is no constructional difference between the two.
7.Write down the emf equation of dc generator. Give the meaning of each symbol
Emf induced E = ФZNP/60A (Volts)
Where,
Ф = Flux per pole in Weber
Z = Total number of armature conductors
N = Speed of armature in rpm
P = Number of poles
A = Number of parallel paths
8. What is pole pitch?

The periphery of the armature is divided for a number of poles of the generator. The center to center distance between
two adjacent poles is called pole pitch. It is also equal to the number of armature slots or armature conductors per
pole.
9. How can the voltage in a DC generator be increased?

Increasing the main field flux and the speed of the armature can increase the voltage in a DC generator.
10. What is critical resistance of a DC shunt generator?

The value of resistance of shunt field winding beyond which the shunt generator fails to build up its voltage is known
as “critical resistance“.
11. What are the conditions to be fulfilled for a shunt generator to build up voltage?
There must be some residual magnetism in the field poles.
The shunt field resistance should be less than critical resistance.
The field coils should be connected with the armature in such a way that current flowing through them should
increase the emf induced by the residual magnetism.
12. What do you mean by residual flux in DC generator?

The magnetic flux retained in the poles of the machine even without field supply is called the residual flux.
13. A DC generator fails to self excite. List the cause for the failure for the failure.
Residual magnetism may not there in the poles

Direction of rotation may be wrong
The field resistance may be more than critical resistance
There may be disconnection in the field winding
Brush contact may be poor
The field coils may be connected with the armature to oppose the emf due to residual magnetism
14. What are open circuit characteristics of DC shunt generator?

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It is the relation between the field current and the emf induced in the armature.
15. How can one differentiate between long shunt compound generator and short shunt compound generator?
In a short shunt compound generator the shunt field circuit is shorter i.e. across the armature terminals. In a long shunt
compound generator the shunt field circuit is connected across the load terminals.
16. Why is the emf not zero when the field current is reduced to zero in a dc generator?
Even after the field current/magnetizing force is reduced to zero the machine is left out with some flux as residue.
Emf due to this residual flux is available when field current is zero.
17. Define the term ‘critical speed’ in dc shunt generator.

Critical speed is defined as the speed at which the generator is to be driven to cause self-excited generator to build up
its emf for the given field circuit resistance.
18. On what occasions dc generators may not have residual flux?

The generator may be put for its first operation after its construction
In previous operation the generator would have been fully demagnetized
19. How the critical field resistance of a dc shunt generator is estimated from its OCC?
Critical field resistance can be obtained from OCC by drawing a straight line passing through the origin and tangent to
the initial straight line portion of OCC. The slope of this line gives the value of critical field resistance for the given
speed at which OCC is obtained.
20. Define the term armature reaction in dc machines.

The interaction between the flux set up by the current carrying armature conductors with the main field flux is
defined as armature reaction.
21. What are the two unwanted effects of armature reaction?

 Cross magnetizing effect / Distorting effect
 Demagnetising effect
22. Differentiate between geometric neutral axis (GNA) and magnetic neutral axis (MNA).
GNA is the axis which is situated geometrically or physically in the mid way between adjacent main poles. MNA is
the axis which passes through the zero crossing of the resultant magnetic field waveform in the air gap.
23. In which part of the dc machine is the compensating winding situated?
In the slots provided in the main pole phases.
24. What are the various types of commutation?

Linear commutation
Resistance commutation
25. Why an induction motor is called as rotating transformer?

The rotor receives same electrical power in exactly the same way as the secondary of a two winding transformer
receiving its power from primary. That is why induction motor is called as rotating transformer.
26. What is reactance emf in dc machine?

The self induced emf in the coil undergoing commutation which opposes the reversal of current is known as
reactance emf.
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27. Define the term commutation in dc machines.
The changes that take place in winding elements during the period of short circuit by a brush is called commutation.
28. How and why the compensating winding in dc machine excited?

As the compensation required is proportional to the armature current the compensating winding is excited by the
armature current.
29. How is the interpole winding in dc machine excited?

Interpole winding is connected in series with the armature circuit and is excited by the armature current.
30. To what polarity are the interpoles excited in dc generators?

The polarity of the interpoles must be that of the next main pole along the direction of rotation in the case of
generator.
31. Why are carbon brushes preferred for dc machines?

The high contact resistance carbon brushes help the current in the coil undergoing commutation to attain its full value
in the reverse direction at the end of commutation. The carbon brushes also lubricate and give less wear and tear on
commutator surface.
32. What is the basic difference between DC generator and DC motor?

Generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Motor converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. But there is no constructional difference between the two.
33. What is the basic principle of operation of DC motor?

When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a mechanical force is exerted on the conductor which
develops the torque.
34. What is torque proportional to?

Torque is proportional to the interacting fields and to the sine of the electrical space angle between their magnetic
axes
35. Distinguish between shunt and series field coil constructions.

Shunt field coils are wound with wires of small cross section and have more number of turns. Series field coils are
wound with wires of larger cross section and have less number of turns.
36. How does a DC motor differ from DC generator in construction?

Generators are normally placed in closed room, accessible only to skilled operators. Therefore on ventilation point
view they may be constructed with large opening in the frame. Motors on the other hand, have to be installed right in
the place of use which may have dust, dampness, inflammable gases, chemical fumes etc. To protect the motors
against these elements, the motor frames are made either partly closed or totally closed or flame proof etc.
37.How will you change the direction of rotation of a DC motor?

Either the direction of the main field or the direction of current through the armature conductors is to be reversed.
38. What is back emf in DC motors?

As the motor armature rotates, the system of conductor come across alternate North and South pole magnetic fields
causing an emf induced in the conductors. The direction of the emf induced in the conductors. The direction of the
emf induced is in the direction opposite to the current .As this emf always opposes the flow of current in motor
operation it is called back emf.
39. Write down the equation for back emf of DC motor.

Eb = P Φ Z N P / 60 A, [Volts]
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40. Write down the equation for torque developed in DC motor.
Td = Φ Ia Z P / 2π A , [N-m]
TdαΦ Ia
41. Why DC motors are not operated to develop maximum power in practice?
The current obtained will be much higher that the rated current
The efficiency of operation will be below 50 %
42.Under what condition the mechanical power developed in a DC motor will be maximum?
Condition for mechanical power developed to be maximum is
Eb = Va /2 or I a= Va / 2Ra
43. Why shaft torque is always less than that developed inside the armature in a DC motor?
Mechanical power developed inside the armature is
Pd = EbIa = 2πNTd / 60
Mechanical power output available on the shaft is
Po = 2πNT / 60
Pd – Po = Wi + Wm
Therefore shaft torque T is less than torque developed in the armature T d to meet the iron loss W i and mechanical loss
Wm.
44. Why is the starting current high in a DC motor?

The absence of back emf at the time of starting causes the armature current to shoot up to about 20 times the normal
current, if no limiting resistance is included.
45. What is the need for starter in a DC motor?

Starters are used in DC motors to limit the high starting current within about 2 to 3 times the rated current by adding
resistance in series with the armature circuit. Apart from starting resistances, starters are invariably fitted with
protective devices such as no voltage protection and over-load protection.
46. How does 4 point starter differ from 3 point starter?

In 3 point starter, NVR coil is connected in series with the shunt field coil. The exciting current through the NVR coil
in 3 point starter is same as the shunt field current of the motor. In 4 point starter, NVR coil along with a high
resistance connected across the supply voltage. Thus the exciting current through NVR coil of a 4 point starter is
purely proportional to the supply voltage and independent of shunt field curent.
47. Enumerate the factors on which the speed of a DC motor depends.
N= Eb / Φ
=(Va-IaRa)/ Φ
The speed of dc motor depends on three factors.
• Flux in the air gap
• Resistance of the armature circuit
• Voltage applied to the armature
• Series parallel control for multiple identical motors
48. What is the relation between electrical degree and mechanical degree?
Electrical degree θe and mechanical degree are related to one another by the number of poles P, the electrical
machine has, as given by the following equation. θe =(P/2) θm
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49. State the condition for maximum efficiency.
Constant Losses = Variable Losses
50. What is the meaning of electrical degree?

Electrical degree is used to account the angle between two points in rotating electrical machines. Since all electrical
machines operate with the help of magnetic fields, the electrical degree is accounted with reference to the polarity of
magnetic fields. 190 electrical degrees is accounted as the angle between adjacent North and South poles.
51. List out some examples of prime movers.

I.C. Engines, Steam engine, Turbine or Electric Motors.
52. Give some applications of DC motor.

Shunt : driving constant speed, lathes, centrifugal pumps, machine tools, blowers and fans, reciprocating pumps
Series : electric locomotives, rapid transit systems, trolley cars, cranes and hoists, conveyors
Compound : elevators, air compressors, rolling mills, heavy planners.
53. Explain how the back emf of a motor causes the development of mechanical power?
Net electrical power into motor armature is Pmot = EbIa
= Φ ω m Z P Ia / 2 π A
= ωm {Φ Z P Ia / 2 π A) = ωm T = Pmech
So it is power absorbed by Eb that gets converted to mechanical form.
54. Why a differentially compound motor is not used in practice?

As the motor is loaded, the series winding reduces the flux produced by the shunt winding and so its N-T
characteristic curves are upwards. Under accidental overload, flux / poletend to zero and motor speed can increase to
dangerous values. Hence they are not used in practice.
55. State one advantage and disadvantage in the application of each of the three basic types of DC motors.
a. Shunt Motor:
Advantage: Substantially constant speed i-e low speed regulation
Disadvantage: Cannot be used for constant speed application
b. Series Motor:
Advantage: High torque low speed (at start) and low torque at high speed. This is typical requirement for traction type
of load
Disadvantage: Accidental no load can cause the motor to run at dangerously high speed.
c.Compound Motor:
Advantage: Negligible speed regulation for cumulatively compound motor.
Disadvantage: Higher cost.
56. List all the important information on name plate of a DC motor.

kW, nominal speed, armature current, insulation class.
57.State the principle of operation of a transformer.

Transformer operates on the principle of mutual induction between inductively coupled coils. When AC source is
connected to one coil, flux is produced in the core, which links both the coils. As per Faraday’s Laws of
Electromagnetic Induction, EMF is induced in the secondary coil also. If the external circuit is closed the power is
supplied.
58. What are the main parts of a transformer? What type of material is used for the core?
Laminated core and primary and secondary windings are the main parts. The core is built up of thin soft iron or high-
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grade silicon steel laminations to provide a path of low reluctance to the magnetic flux.
59. What is an ideal transformer?

An ideal transformer is one which does not involve any power losses and also does not have any leakage of magnetic
field.
60. Mention two types of constructions used in transformer.

Core type, shell type and Spirakore type. Spirakore type is a latest transformer and is used in big transformers.
61.Mention the difference between core and shell type transformers.

In core type, the windings surround the core considerably and in shell type the core surround the winding.
62. What is the purpose of laminating the core in transformers?

To reduce eddy current loss in the core
63. Why do we use iron core in a transformer?

Transformer action demands only the existence of alternating flux linking the two windings. No doubt such action
will be obtained if an air core is used. But it will be obtained much more effectively if an iron core is used. It is
because the flux is then substantially confined to a definite path (i-e iron path) having a much more permeability than
air.
64. Where is core type and shell type construction suitable for a transformer?
 In core type transformer, one limb of the core one half of primary and secondary windings wound on it, low
voltage winding being the innermost for mechanical strength. This type affords better cooling surface than shell
type and is therefore more suitable for transformers which remain fully loaded.
 In shell type, both the windings are wound on central limb. This type is applicable for poor power factor circuits.
65.What is meant by turns ratio in transformer?

It is the ratio of number of turns in the secondary winding N 2 to number of turns in the primary winding N1.
66. Why is the rating of a transformer given in kVA?

Copper loss of a transformer depends on current and iron loss on voltage. Hence total transformer loss depends on
volt ampere (VA) and not on the phase angle between voltage and current, i.e., it is independent of load power factor.
That is why the rating of a transformer is in kVA.
67.List four applications of a transformer.

It can raise or lower the voltage or current in an AC circuit.
It can act as an impedance transferring device by increasing or decreasing the valueof a capacitor, inductor
or resistance in an AC circuit.
It can isolate two circuits electrically
It can be used to prevent DC from passing from one circuit to another.
68.Give the emf equation of a transformer and define each term.
Emf induced in primary coil E1 = 4.44 fΦ mN1 (Volts)
Emf induced in secondary coil E2 = 4.44fΦ mN2 (Volts)
Where f is the frequency of AC input in Hertz
Φ m is the maximum value of flux in the core in Webers
N1, N2 are the number of primary and secondary turns.
69.Name two important electrical performances of transformers?

i) Voltage regulation ii) Efficiency
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70. What will happen if the primary of a transformer is connected to a DC supply?
The primary will draw a steady current and hence produce constant flux. Consequently no back emf will be produced.
The primary winding will draw excessive current due to low resistance of the primary. This result in over heating of
primary windings and the fuses will blow.
71. How does flux leakage occur in transformer?

The entire flux set up by one winding during load condition may not be able to reach the other winding to carry on the
useful purpose of energy transformation. Some of the fluxes will be present in and around the respective windings
only, causing self induced emf in them. These fluxes are called leakage fluxes
72. How do you reduce hysteresis loss in a transformer?

Hysteresis loss can be reduced by selecting suitable core material. Silicon steel is having less Stein Metz hysteresis
coefficient.
73. The efficiency of a transformer is always higher than that of rotating electrical machines. Why?
In rotating machines, there are mechanical losses (frictional and windage losses) due to the rotating parts. As there is
no rotating part in a transformer, efficiency of transformer is always higher than rotating electric machines.
74. Explain on the material used for core construction.

The core is constructed of transformer sheet steel laminations assembled to provide a continuous magnetic path with a
minimum of air gap included. The steel used is of high silicon content sometimes heat treated to produce a high
permeability and a low hysteresis loss at the usual operating flux densities. The eddy current loss is minimized by
laminating the core, the laminations being insulated from each other by light coat of core-plate vanish or by an oxide
layer on the surface .the thickness of laminations varies from 0.35 mm for a frequency of 59 Hz and 0.5 mm for a
frequency of 25 Hz.
75.List the advantages of stepped core arrangement in a transformer.

To reduce the space effectively
To obtain reduced length of mean turn of the windings
To reduce I2R loss
76.Why are breathers used in transformers?

Breathers are used to entrap the atmospheric moisture and thereby not allowing it to pass on to the transformer oil. It
is also used to permit the oil inside the tank to expand and contract as its temperature increases and decreases. Also to
avoid sledging of oil i.e. decomposition of oil, breather is used. Addition of 8 parts of water in 1000000 reduces the
insulation quantity of oil. Normally silica gel in pink colour is filled in the breather. This colour will be changed to
white due to continuous usage, which is an indication of degradation in absorption property. Then it is normally
heated and reused.
77. What is the function of transformer oil in a transformer?

Nowadays instead of natural mineral oil, synthetic oils known as ASKRELS (trade name) are used. They are
noninflammable; under an electric arc do not decompose to produce inflammable gases. PYROCOLOR oil possesses
high dielectric strength. Hence it can be said that transformer oil provides, (i) good insulation and (ii) cooling.
78. A 1100/400 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 100 turns on the secondary winding. Calculate the
number of turns on its primary.
We know V1 / V2 = K = N2 / N1
Substituting 400/1100 = 100/N1
N1 = 100/400 x 1100
= 275 turns
79.What are the applications of step-up and step-down transformers?

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Step-up transformers are used in generating stations. Normally the generated voltage will be either 11 kV or 22 kV.
This voltage is stepped up to 110 kV or 220 kV or 400 kV and transmitted through transmission lines. (In short it may
be called as sending end).
Step-down transformers are used in receiving stations. The voltage are again stepped down to 11 kV or 22 kV and
transmitted through feeders. (In short it may be called as receiving end). Further these 11 kV or 22kV are stepped
down to 3 phase 400 V by means of a distribution transformer and made available at consumer premises. The
transformers used at generating stations and receiving stations are called power transformers.
80. Distinguish between power transformer and distribution transformer.

Power transformers have very high power ratings in the order of MVA. They are used in generating and receiving
stations. Sophisticated controls are required. Voltage ranges will be very high. Distribution transformers are used in
consumer side. Voltage levels will be medium. Power ranging will be small in order of kVA. Complicated controls
are not needed.
81. Where and under what circumstances is a unit ratio Transformer used?In transformers the power to the
secondary winding comes from the primary winding via magnetic field. There is no conductive connection between
primary and secondary. Therefore, even if a change in voltage level is not required, still it is advisable to obtain power
through unit ratio transformer as it provides electrical isolation. It is mandatory for all medical equipments.
82.Name the two winding of single phase induction motor?
Running and starting winding.
83.What are methods available for making single phase induction motor a self starting?
By slitting the single phase, by providing shading coil in the poles.
84.What is the function of capacitor in single phase induction motor?

To make phase difference between starting and running winding, to improve PF and to get more torque.
85.State any 4 use of single phase induction motor?

Fans, wet grinders, vacuum cleaner, small pumps, compressors, drills.
86. Why single phase induction motor is not a self starting one?
When motor fed supply from single phase, its stator winding produces an alternating flux, which doesn’t develops any
torque.
87.What kind of motors used in ceiling fan and wet grinders?
Ceiling fan # Capacitor start and capacitor run single phase induction motor,
Wet grinder’s# Capacitor start capacitor run single phase induction motor.
88.What is the application of shaded pole induction motor?

Because of its small starting torque, it is generally used for small toys, instruments, hair driers, ventilators.etc.
89.In which direction a shaded pole motor runs?

The rotor starts rotation in the direction from unshaded part to the shaded part.
90.Why single phase induction motor have low PF?
The current through the running winding lags behind the supply voltage by large angle so only single phase induction
motor have low PF.
91.Differentiate between “capacitor start” & “Capacitor start capacitor run” single phase induction motor?
Capacitor start – capacitor is connected series with starting winding, but it will be disconnected from supply when
motor pick up its speed. Capacitor start capacitor run# starting winding and capacitor will not be disconnected from
supply even though motor pickup its speed.
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92.What are the principal advantages of rotating field type construction?
Relatively small amount of power required for field system can easily supplied to rotating system using slip rings and
brushes, more space is available in the stator part of the machine to provide more insulation, it is easy to provide
cooling system, stationary system of conductors can easily be braced to prevent deformation.
93. Why an induction motor never runs at its synchronous speed?

If it runs at synchronous Speed then there would be no relative speed between the two, hence no rotor emf, so no rotor
current, then no rotor torque to maintain rotation.
94. What are the drawbacks of the presence of the backward rotating field in a single phase induction motor?
Due to cutting of flux, emf gets induced in the rotor which circulates rotor current .the rotor current produces rotor
flux. This flux interacts with forward component to produce a torque in one particular direction say anticlockwise
direction. While rotor flux interacts with backward component φb to produce a torque in the clockwise direction. So if
anti clock wise torque is positive then clockwise torque is negative thus net torque experienced by the rotor is zero at
start.
UNIT IV
ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS
1. Define diffusion current.
A movement of charge carriers due to the concentration gradient in a semiconductor is called process of diffusion.
When charge carriers move, the current is constituted in a bar. This current due to diffusion is called diffusion
current.
2. What is meant by zener break down?

When a PN junction is heavily doped, the depletion region is very narrow. So under reverse bias condition, the
electric field across the depletion region is intense. Such an intense field is enough to pull the electrons out of the
valence band of the stable atoms. Such a creation of free electrons is called zener effect. These minority carriers
constitute very large current and the mechanism is called zener break down.
3. List the diode parameters

Bulk resistance
Static resistance
Dynamic resistance
Reverse resistance
Knee voltage
Break down voltage
Reverse current or leakage current
4. Compare the silicon and germanium diodes with respect to cut in voltage and reverse saturation current.
The barrier potential for germanium diode is 0.3 V. so the cut-in-voltage of germanium diode is greater then 0.3 V
and the barrier potential of silicon diode is 0.7 V. So the cut-in-voltage of silicon diode is greater than 0.7 V.
5. A silicon diode has a saturation current of 7.5A at room temperature 300K. calculate the saturation
current at 460 K.
Given: I01 = 7.5μA = 7.5 * 10-6
T1 = 300 -273 =27·C , T2 = 460-273 = 197 C
∆T = T2 – T1 = 16
∆T = 160 C
I02 = I01*2(∆T/10)
I02 = 2(160/10) * 7.5 * 10-6
I02 = 0.49152 A
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6. Differentiate between drift and diffusion currents.
Drift current Diffusion current

It is developed due to potential gradient It is developed due to charge concentration
gradient
This phenomenon is found both in metals
and semiconductors This is found only in semiconductors
8. Compare the silicon and germanium diodes with respect to cut in voltage and reverse saturation current.
The barrier potential for germanium diode is 0.3 V. so the cut-in-voltage of germanium diode is greater then 0.3 V
and the barrier potential of silicon diode is 0.7 V. So the cut-in-voltage of silicon diode is greater than 0.7 V.
9. What is meant by depletion region or space charge region?

In PN junction, the diffusion of holes and electrons start initially. Near the junction, holes recombine in N-region
to form immobile positive ions. Similarly electrons recombine in P-region to form immobile negative ions. With
sufficient accumulation of such immobile ions on both sides, the diffusion stops. So near the junction, there exists
a region in which immobile positive and negative charge reside while mobile charge carriers in this region get
completely depleted. This region is called depletion region.
10. Define the transition capacitance of the diode.

A capacitance existing at the PN junction when the diode is reverse biased where the two regions act as the plates
while the depletion region acts as dielectric is called a transition capacitance of a diode.
11.Defne diffusion or storage capacitance

The capacitance that exists in the forward biased junction is called diffusion or storage capacitance
11. Why a series resistor is necessary when a diode is reverse biased?

A series resistor is necessary when a diode is reverse biased for limiting the forward current which increases
exponentially with voltage.
12. Applications of PN diode

 Rectifiers
 switch in digital logic circuits used in computers
 Clamping network
 Clipping circuits
 Demodulation circuits
13. List the important characteristics of a voltage regulator.

The output voltage is fixed at a specified value; the unregulated voltage must be at least 2V more than the
regulated voltage.
14. Differentiate between avalanche and zener break down.
Zener break down Avalanche breakdown
Breakdown occurs due to heavily doped junction Breakdown occurs due to avalanche multiplication
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and applied strong electric field between thermally generated ions
Doping level is high Doping level is low
Breakdown occurs at lower voltage compared to Break down occurs at higher voltage
avalanche breakdown
15. List the PN diode switching times
Recovery time
Forward Recovery time
Reverse Recovery time
Storage and transition time
16. Give the diode current equation.

I=Io[e v/ηVT – 1]
I = diode current
Io = reverse saturation current in amperes
V = applied voltage
η = 1 for germanium diode, 2 for silicon diode
17. Define barrier potential at the junction.

Due to immobile positive charges on n- side and negative charges on p- side, there exists an electric field across
the junction. This creates potential difference across the junction which is called barrier potential, junction
potential, built-in potential or cut-in voltage o PN junction.
19. Define the cut-in-voltage and peak inverse voltage of pn junction diode.
When diode is farward biased, some voltage is necessary to overcome the barrier potential, to make diode
conduct. This is called cut-in-voltage.
19. Defne peak inverse voltage

In reverse bias opposite polarity appears across diode. The maximum diode voltage which diode can withstand
without break down is called peak inverse voltage.
20. What do you meant by thermal runway?

Due to the self heating at the collector junction, the collector current rises. This cause damage to the device. This
phenomenon is called thermal runway.
21. Why is the transistor called a current controlled device?

The output characteristics of the transistor depend on the input current. So the transistor is called a current
controlled device.
22. Define current amplification factor?

It is defined as the ratio of change in output current to the change in input current at constant other side
voltage.
23. When does a transistor act as a switch?

The transistor acts as a switch when it is operated at either cutoff region or saturation region.
24. What is biasing?

To use the transistor in any application it is necessary to provide sufficient voltage and current to
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operate the transistor. This is called biasing.
25. What is operating point?

For the proper operation of the transistor a fixed level of current and voltages are required. This value of currents
and voltages defined at a point at which the transistor operate is called operating point.
26. What is stability factor?

Stability factor is defined as the rate of change of collector current with respect to the rate of change of reverse
saturation current.
27. What is d.c load line?

The d.c load line is defined as a line on the output characteristics of the transistor which gives the value of Ic &
Vce corresponding to zero signal condition.
28. Explain about the various regions in a transistor?

The three regions are active region saturation region cutoff region.
29. Explain about the characteristics of a transistor?

Input characteristics: it is drawn between input voltage & input current while keeping output voltage as constant.
Output characteristics: It is drawn between the output voltage &output current while keeping input current
as constant.
30. What is reverse saturation current?

The current due to the minority carriers is called the reverse saturation current.
31. Will a transistor result if two diodes are connected back to back?
A transistor has two p-n junctions. One junction is between the emitter and the base and is called emitter base
junction and the other junction is between the base and the collector and is called collector base junction. Thus
transistor is like two pn junction diodes connected back to back.
32. State early effect. What are the consequences of it?

In the common Base characteristics of BJT when reverse bias voltage VcB increases, the width of the depletion
region also increases. This reduces the electrical base width. This effect is called “Early Effect” or “Base width
modulation”. The Early effect has two consequences.
••• There is less chance of recombination within the base region.
••• The charge gradient is increased within the base and consequently the current of the minority carriers injected
across the junction increases.
33. What is thermal runaway?

In a power transistor the increase in collector current increases the power dissipated at the collector junction. This,
in turn further increases the temperature of the junction and hence increases the collector current. The process is
cumulative and it is referred to as self heating. The excess heat produced at the collector base junction may even
burn and destroy the transistor. The situation is called “Thermal runaway” of the transistor.
34. When a transistor is used as a switch, in which region of output characteristics it is operated?
When a transistor is used as a switch it is operated alternately in the cut off region and saturation region of the
output characteristics
35. Write the relation between Ic, β, IB and IcBo in a BJT.

In the active region: IC = β IB + (1+ β)ICO
In the cut-off region: IC = (1+ β)ICO
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ICBO is the collector current when the emitter current is zero. ICBO is greater than ICO
36. Define α and β of a transistor.

α: It is defined as the ratio of the collector current resulting from carrier injection to the total emitter current
α = IC /IE
β: it is defined as the ratio of collector current to base current.
β = IC /IB
37. In a bipolar transistor which region is wider and which region is thinner? Why?
The middle region of bipolar junction transistor is called as the base of the transistor. Input signal of small
amplitude is applied to the base. This region is thin and lightly doped The magnified output signal is obtained at
the collector. This region is thick and heavily doped.
38. For a npn transistor IE = 12ma and β = 140. Determine the value of IB and Ic.
Ans: IE = (1+ β) IB
IB = IE / (1+ β)
= 12mA / (1+140)
= 85.1 mA
Ic = β IB = 140 * 85.1 mA = 11.914 mA
39. Determine β and IE for a transistor if IB = 50A and Ic = 3.6 mA.

Ans: I β = Ic/IB = 3.6 mA/50 A = 72
IE = IB + Ic = 50 microA + 3.6 mA = 3.65 mA
.
40. How can a FET be used as a voltage controlled resistor?

In FET , the voltage applied between gate and source controls the drain current ID. Therefore, FET is a voltage
controlled device.
41. What are the advantages of FETs?
••• In FET input resistance is high compared to BJT

••• Construction is smaller than BJT
••• Less sensitive to changes in applied voltage
••• Thermal stability is more
••• Thermal runaway does not exist in JFET
••• Thermal noise is much lower
42. Define amplification factor in JFET.

It is defined as the ratio of change in drain-source voltage VDS to the change in gate-source voltage VGS at
constant drain current ID. It is also called mutual conductance
43. Mention the three regions that are present in the drain source characteristics of JFET
••• Saturation region
••• Break down region
••• Ohmic region
44. What is pinch-off voltage in FET?
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In the VI characteristics of JFET, at some value of VDS, drain current ID cannot be increased further, due to
reduction in channel width. Any further increase in VDS does not increase the drain current ID. ID approaches the
constant saturation value. The voltage VDS at which the current ID reaches to its constant saturation level is
called “ Pinch-off voltage”, Vp
45. What are the parameters that control the Pinch off voltage?
Electron charge, donor or acceptor concentration, permittivity of channel material and half width of channel bar.
46. List the characteristics of JFET.

••• Drain characteristics
••• Transfer characteristics
47. Differentiate between BJT and JFET

BJT FET
Current controlled device Voltage controlled device
Bipolar device Unipolar device
Less input resistance Input resistance greater than BJT
Less thermal stability High thermal stability
More thermal noise Less thermal noise
48. Give the drain current equation of JFET.

ID = IDSS (1 – VGS /Vp)2
ID = drain current
IDSS = saturation drain current
VGS = gate source voltage
VP = pinch-off voltage
49. Define an operational amplifier.

An operational amplifier is a direct-coupled, high gain amplifier consisting of one or more differential
amplifier. By properly selecting the external components, it can be used to perform a variety of
mathematical operations.
50.Mention the characteristics of an idealop-amp.
* Open loop voltage gain is infinity.

*Input impedance is infinity.
*Output impedance is zero.
*Bandwidth is infinity.
*Zero offset.
51. What happens when the common terminal of V+ and V- sources is not grounded?
If the common point of the two supplies is not grounded, twice the supply voltage will get applied and it
may damage the op-amp.
52. Define input offsetvoltage.

A small voltage applied to the input terminals to make the output voltage as zero when the two input
terminals are grounded is called input offset voltage.
53. Define input offset current. State the reasons for the offset currents at the input of the op-amp.
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The difference between the bias currents at the input terminals of the op-amp is called as input offset
current. The input terminals conduct a small value of dc current to bias the input transistors. Since the input
transistors cannot be made identical, there exists a difference in bias currents.
54.Define CMRR of an op-amp.

The relative sensitivity of an op-amp to a difference signal as compared to a common mode signal is called
the common –mode rejection ratio. It is expressed in decibels. CMRR= Ad/Ac
55.Define sensitivity.
Sensitivity is defined as the percentage or fractional change in output current per percentage or fractional
change in power-supply voltage.
56. Define slew rate.

The slew rate is defined as the maximum rate of change of output voltage caused by a step input voltage.
An ideal slew rate is infinite which means that op-amp’s output voltage should change instantaneously in
response to input stepvoltage.
57. Why IC 741 is not used for high frequency applications?

IC741 has a low slew rate because of the predominance of capacitance present in the circuit at higher
frequencies. As frequency increases the output gets distorted due to limited slew rate.
58. List the broad classification of ADCs.

1. Direct typeADC.
2. Integrating typeADC.
59. List out the direct type ADCs.
1Flash (comparator) type converter
2 Counter type converter
3. Tracking or servo converter
4. Successive approximation type converter
60. List out some integrating typeconverters.
1. Charge balancingADC
2. Dual slopeADC
61. What is integrating typeconverter?

An ADC converter that perform conversion in an indirect manner by first changing the analog I/P signal to
a linear function of time or frequency and then to a digital code is known as integrating type A/D converter.
62. Explain in brief the principle of operation of successive Approximation ADC.

The circuit of successive approximation ADC consists of a successive approximation register (SAR), to find
the required value of each bit by trial & error. With the arrival of START command, SAR sets the MSB bit
to 1. The O/P is converted into an analog signal & it is compared with I/P signal. This O/P is low or High.
This process continues until all bits are checked.
63. What are the main advantages of integrating type ADCs?

i. The integrating type of ADC’s doing not need a sample/Hold circuit at the input.
ii. It is possible to transmit frequency even in noisy environment or in an isolatedform.
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The Successive approximation ADCs are used in applications such as data loggers & instrumentation where
conversion speed is important.
64. What is the main drawback of a dual-slope ADC?

The dual slope ADC has long conversion time. This is the main drawback of dual slope ADC.
65. State the advantages of dual slope ADC.

It provides excellent noise rejection of ac signals whose periods are integral multiples of the integration
time T.
66. Define Mass Action law.

Under thermal equilibrium, for any semiconductor, the product of number of holes and number of electrons is
constant and is independent of the amount of donor and acceptor impurity doping.
n.p = ni2
where n- number of electrons per unit volume
p- number of holes per unit volume
ni- intrinsic concentration
67. Why is FET called a unipolar device?

In FET current is carried by only one type of charge particles, either electrons or holes. Hence FET is called
unipolar device
UNIT V
MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
1. What is meant by transducer?
Transducer is defined as a device which converts non electrical quantity to electrical quantity.
2. What are the types of transducer?

Active transducer and passive transducer
3. What is LVDT [Linear Variable DifferentialTransformer]?

This is the most widely used inductive transducer for translating the linear motion into an electrical
signal.LVDT’s normally range from ± 0.01 mm to ± 25 mm(Displacement quantity)
4. What are the advantages ofLVDT?
(i) It has high sensitivity and infiniteresolution.

(ii) It has linear characteristics within its prescribedrange.
(iii) It consumes very lesspower.
(iv) It can be used on highfrequencies.
(v) It is rugged device and easy to maintain.
(vi) It is very stable and easy to align.
5. What is straingauge?
The device use for measuring mechanical surface strain and is one of the most extensively used electrical
transducers.
6. What is gaugefactor?
100
Sensitivity of the strain gauge is expressed as gauge factor K which is defined as the ratio of per unit
change in resistance to per unit change in length.
K= dR/ R
dL/ L
R- Unstrained resistance
dR- change in resistance due to strain dL-
change in length due to strain
L- Unstrained length in meter
7. What is RTD?
Resistive transducer which is used for measurement of temperature is called resistance thermometer.
8. What is important material used for RTD?

Copper, nickel, iron and tungsten
9. List the properties of RTD?

The resistance of materials should have continues and
stable relationship with
temperature.
The material should have high value of resistivity so that minimum volume of material is
used for construction of resistance thermometer.
10. What is piezoelectriceffect?
An electrical potential appears across certain surface of crystal, if the dimension of the crystal is changed by
application of mechanical force, this effect is reversible and it is known as piezoelectric effect.
11. What are the advantages of strain gauge over LVDT?

LVDT is highly sensitive to vibration and temperature. LVDT requires relatively large displacement for differential
output.
BASIC ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Part B Questions
UNIT I
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
1 State and Explain Kirchoffs’ laws

2 Three loads A, B and C are connected in parallel to a 240 V source. Load A takes 9.6 kW, Load B
takes 60A and load C has a resistance of 4.8 ohm. Calculate 1) Ra and Rb 3)total current 3)total
power 4)total resistance
3 In the circuit shown determine the current through the 2W resistor and the total current delivered by
the battery. Use kirchoff’s laws.
101
4 Calculate a) the equivalent resistances across the terminals of the supply, b) total current
supplied by the source and c) power delivered to 16 ohm resistor in the circuit shown in
figure.
5 Find the value of R and the current flowing through it in the circuit shown when the current in the
branch OA is zero.
6 Derive the equations of mesh analysis and nodal voltage method by using 3 nodes and form the
matrix.
7 Write and Solve the equations for the mesh currents in the network in fig. 2.34
102
8 When a dc voltage is applied to the capacitor,voltage across its terminals is found to build up in
accordance with Vc= 50(1- ). After 0.01s, the current flow is 2 mA.
Find the valiue of capacitance in farad. How much energy is stored in capacitor?
9 For the given circuit , determine the total current, phase angle and power factor.
Describe the construction and working of PMMC instrument. Derive the equation for deflection if
the instruments are spring controlled.
10 Find the voltage across the 2Ω resistor by using super position theorem
2 ohm
10 ohm
3 ohm 5 ohm
20 ohm
10 v 2 A 20 v
11 Two generators with emfs 200 V and 250 V and armature resistance of 2 Ω and 1Ω respectively are
in parallel supplying a load resistance of 10 Ω. Find (a) current supplied by each generator (b) load
current and (c) load voltage. Use super Position theorem
12 For the circuit shown below find the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit ,preserving terminals A and
B .Calculate the current through a 2 Ω resistor connected across the terminals AB
2 ohm 2 ohm
A
25 v
5 A
10 ohm B 4 ohm
5 ohm
1k
13 For the circuit shown in figure, determine the load current by applying Thevenin’s theorem.
103
j4 ohm j5 ohm
j3 ohm
100 angle 0 degree
j5 ohm
14
Find the voltage between points A&B in the fig above using Norton’s theorem
15 For the circuit of the fig find the value RL for maximum power delivered to it. Calculate also the
maximum load power.
1.2 ohm 10 ohm
V5
RL
12 .5 V
0.6 ohm
0.4 ohm
1.4ohm
1.4 ohm
UNIT II AC CIRCUITS
Prove that the total instantaneous power in a three phase balanced system is constant and is equal to
average power whether connected to star or delta load.
A symmetrical three phase 400V system supplies a balanced delta connected load. The current in each
branch circuit is 20A and phase angle 40° (lag) calculate the line current and total power.
A three phase delta connected load has Zab = (100+j0) ohms, Zbc = (-j100) ohms and Zca =
(70.7 =j70.7) ohms is connected to a balanced 3 phase 400V supply. Determine the line currents
Ia,Ib and Ic. Assume the phase sequence abc.
A balanced three phase star connected load with impedance 8+j6 ohm per phase is connected across a
symmetrical 400V three phase 50Hz supply. Determine the line current, power factor of the load and
total power
A delta connected load as shown in figure is connected across 3 phase 100 volt supply. Determine all
line currents and phase currents.
104
A symmetrical three phase, 400 V system supplies a balanced mesh connected load. The current in
each branch circuit is 20A and the phase angle is 40 degree lag. Fine (a) the line current (b) the total
power
An alternating current is expressed as i=14.14 sin 314t. Determine rms current, frequency and
instantaneous current when t =0.02ms
A balanced star connected load of 4+j3 ohm per phase is connected to a 400V, 3 phase, 50Hz supply.
Find the line current, power factor, power, reactive volt ampere and total volt Ampere.
A Voltage source 100V with resistance of 10 ohms and inductance 50 mH, a capacitor 50
microfarad are connected in series. Calculate the impedance when the frequency is (i) 50HZ (ii)
500Hz (iii) the power factor at 100Hz
The two line currents taken by an unbalanced delta connected load are Ia=10 -120 A, Ib=5 150 A.
What is the line current Ic?
UNIT III ELECTRICAL

MACHINES
.1 (a)Derive the emf equation of single phase transformer. (8)
(b) A 120kVA, 6000/400V, Y/Y, 3-phase, 50Hz transformer has a iron loss of 1900W. The
maximum efficiency occurs at ¾ full loads. Find the efficiency of the transformer At (i) Full
load and 0.8 pf (ii) The maximum efficiency at unity pf. (8)
2 A100 kVA, 6.6kV/415V, single phase transformer has an effective impedance of
(3+8j) Ω referred to HV side. Estimate the full load voltage regulation at 0.8 pf lagging and 0.8
leading pf. (16)
(b) The emf per turn of a single phase, 6.6kV/440V, 50 Hz transformer is approximately 12V.
Calculate the number of turns in the HV and LV windings and the net cross sectional area of the
core for a maximum flux density of 1.5T. (8)
3. (a) Derive the condition for maximum efficiency in a transformer (8)
105
(b) A 11000/230 V,150 KVA ,1-phase ,50 Hz transformer has core loss of 1.4kW and F.L cu loss
of 1.6 Kw .determine
(i) The kVA load for maximum efficiency and the value of maximum efficiency at
unity p.f
(ii) The efficiency at half F.L 0.8 pf leading (8)
5. Explain the operation of single phase transformer. Derive the emf equation of transformer.
6. (a) Derive the equivalent circuit of a single phase two winding transformer. (8)
(b) The maximum efficiency of a single phase 250 kVA, 2000/250 V transformer
occurs at 80 % of full load and is equal to 97.5 % at 0.8 pf . Determine the efficiency and
regulation on full load at 0.8 pf lagging if the impedance of the transformer is 9 %(8)
(a)Describe with sketches the construction of a DC machine. (8)
(b)Derive the EMF equation of DC generator. (8)
7. Draw and explain the no-load and load characteristics of DC shunt, series and compound
generators. (16)
8. Explain the effect of armature reaction in a DC shunt generator. How are its demagnetizing and
cross-magnetizing ampere turns calculated? (16)
11. A 4-pole, 50 kW, 250 V, wave wound shunt generator has 400 armature conductors. Brushes are
given a lead of 4 commutator segments. Calculate the demagnetization ampere-turns per pole if
shunt field resistance is 50 ohm. Also calculate extra shunt field turns per pole to neutralize the
demagnetization. (16)
12. A 4-pole, lap connected DC machine has 540 armature conductors. If the flux per pole is .03 Wb
and runs at 1500 RPM, determine the emf generated. If this machine is driven as a shunt
generator with same field flux and speed, calculate the line current if the terminal voltage is
400V.Given the RSH=450Ω and RA=2 Ω.(16)
13. Two separately excited DC generators are connected in parallel and supply a load of 200A. The
machines have armature circuit resistances of 0.05 Ω and 0.1 Ω and induced emfs of 425 V and
440 V respectively. Determine the terminal voltage, current and power output of each machine.
The effect of armature reaction is to be neglected. (16)
14. Explain the principle of operation of a DC motor. (8)
A shunt machine , connected to a 200 V mains has an armature resistance of
0.15 Ω and field resistance is 100 Ω. Find the ratio of its speed as a generator to its speed as a
motor, line current in each case being 75 A. (8)
106
15. Draw and explain the mechanical characteristics of DC series and shunt motor. (8)
16. A 230V, DC shunt motor, takes an armature current at 3.33A at rated voltage and at a no load
speed of 1000RPM. The resistances of the armature circuit and field circuit are 0.3 Ω and 160 Ω
respectively. The line current at full load and rated voltage is 40 A. Calculate, at full load, the
speed and the developed torque in case the armature reaction weakens the no load flux by 4%.
(8)
17. Derive an expression for the torque developed in a DC machine. (8)
18. A 220V, Dc shunt motor with an armature resistance of 0.4 Ω and a field resistance of 110
Ω drives a load, the torque of which remains constant. The motor draws from the supply, a line
current of 32 A when the speed is 450 RPM. If the speed is to be raised to 700 RPM, what
change must be effected in the value of the shunt field circuit resistance? Assume that the
magnetization characteristics of the motor is a straight line. (8)
19. Explain in detail about circuit model of D.C. machine. (8)
20. A 440 V D.C shunt motor takes 4A at no load and its armature and field resistances are 0.4 ohms
and 220 ohms respectively .estimate the kW output and efficiency when the motor takes 60A on
full load. (8)
25.Derive an expression for the torque developed in the armature of a D.C motor.(8)
26 .Determine developed torque and shaft torque of 220 V, 4 pole series motor with 800
conductors wave-connected supplying a load of 8.2 kW by taking 45 A from the mains. The flux per
pole is 25m/Wb and its armature circuit resistance is 0.6 Ω (8)
28. Explain in detail about different methods of excitation. (8)
29. Derive the expression for efficiency of D.C. machines. (8)
30.Draw the circuit diagram of separately excited, series and shunt dc motors and write the relationship
between current and voltages.
31.Explain the operation of single phase induction motor.
32Draw the circuit diagram of separately excited, series and shunt dc motors and write the relationship
between current and voltages.
33.Explain the operation of single phase induction motor.
UNIT IV ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS
107
1. With the neat diagram explain the working of a PN junction diode in forward bias and reverse
bias (10)
2. Explain the switching characteristics of PN junction diode (8)
3. Explain how PN junction is formed? (8)
Describe the effect of temperature on PN junction diodes (8)

4. Discuss the effect of doping on depletion region (8)
5. For the full wave rectifier circuit shown in Fig. 15 (a) (i) determine dc output voltage and peak
inverse voltage. (8)
(ii) Give a short note on series voltage regulation (8)

6. Describe the working of full wave rectifier with LC expression for ripple factor with and without
filter and derive the expression for ripple factor with and without filter (16)
7. Draw the circuit of a full wave rectifier with a capacitive filter and explain its operation with
necessary waveforms (16)
8. Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator –justify it (8)
9. Briefly explain zener break down (8)
10. i) What is zener effect? Explain the function of a zener diode and draw its characteristics(10)
ii) Write down the temperature dependence of breakdown voltages (6)
11. i) Derive the PN diode current equation (8)
ii) What is half wave rectifier? Explain the working principle with neat sketch (8)
12. Explain the operation of FWR with centre tap transformer. Also derive the following for this
transformer.
i) Dc output voltage
ii) Dc output current
108
iii) RMS output voltage (16)
13.i) Explain the V-I Characteristics of PN junction diode. (8)
ii) Explain the principle of operation of a Full wave rectifier.(8)
13. i) Draw the circuit of a full wave rectifier with a capacitive filter and explain its operation with
necessary waveforms. Also derive expression for rectification efficiency and transformer
utilization factor. (10)
ii) Explain the operation of a zener diode shunt voltage regulator(6)
14. A half wave rectifier uses a transformer of turns ratio 4:1. If the primaryvoltage is 240V, find the
dc output voltage and the PIV assuming thediode to be ideal
15. A half wave rectifier is used to supply 20V dc to a resistance load of 400Ω. The forward
resistance of the diode is 20 Ω. Calculate the ac voltage required
16. Two semiconductor diodes used in a full wave rectifier circuit haveforward resistances
considered a constant at 1.0Ω and infinite reverse resistances.The circuit is supplied from a
300V-0V-300V transformer. Theaverage current in the resistive load is 10A. Determine the
resistance ofthe load, the maximum value of the voltage which appears across thediodes in
reverse bias and the efficiency of the circuit.
17. The four semiconductor diodes used in a bridge rectifier circuit have forward resistances which
can be considered constant at 0.1Ω and infinite reverse resistances. They supply a mean
current of 10A to a resistive load from a sinusoidal varying alternating supply of 20V RMS.
Determine the resistance of the load and efficiency of the circuit
18. From the CE configuration output characteristics, explain the three region of operation of a
transistor. (16)
19. Compare CE, CB and CC configurations with respect to impedances and gain (8)
20. For common emitter-bipolar junction transistor configuration, analyze the input and output
characteristics. Also, give the inferences and necessary analytical expressions for the same (16)
21. Write a short note on transistor construction and also derive voltage gain and current gain
expressions for CB configuration using transistor hybrid model (16)
22. Draw the input output characteristics of CB configuration and explain the nature with the help of
equation and equivalent circuits
23. Explain about small signal CE amplifier.
24. Compare the performance of transistor in three different configuration.
109
25. Draw the input output characteristics of CB configuration and explain the nature with the help of
equation and equivalent circuits
26. Explain about small signal CE amplifier. Compare the performance of transistor in three
different configuration
27. Give the detailed description of construction and operation of JFET (16)
28. Define and explain the three parameters of a JFET give the relation between them (16)
UNIT V
MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
1. Explain the classification of transducer based on principle of operation
2. Describe the different modes of operation of piezo electric transducer
3. Discuss in detail :
1.Thermo electric
2.Piezoelectric
3.Hall Effect
4. Give the construction and principle of operation of single phase induction type energy meter.
5. Explain the working of moving iron instruments.
6. Expalin the working of PMMC instriments
7. Derive the torque equation of electrodynamometer type instrument.
8. Explain about instrument transformers
9. Explain the working of multimeters
110
CO ATTAINMENT
111
S.No Roll. No. Name of the Student CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5
1 200701064 DHANANCHEZHIAN T 97 84 67 92 92
2 200701065 DHANUSH G 90 73 50 80 80
3 200701066 DHANYA LAKSHMI A 90 80 67 88 88
4 200701067 DHIVYA S 79 78 72 83 83
5 200701068 DIVYAPRASATH R 65 68 64 80 80
6 200701069 DRAVID T 90 73 52 90 90
7 200701070 EASHAAN MANOHAR 98 86 71 92 92
8 200701071 EKANATH M S 97 83 65 83 83
9 200701073 GOKUL K 97 80 60 80 80
10 200701074 GOKUL PAWAN B 81 75 64 70 70
11 200701075 GOKULA KRISHNAN B 91 76 55 75 75
12 200701076 GOWRINENI HARSHITHA SAI 78 72 60 93 93
13 200701077 HARIBALA S 81 68 48 75 75
14 200701078 HARITHA M 97 80 60 92 92
15 200701079 HARITHA S 93 77 55 92 92
16 200701080 HARRISH VIJAY G 67 66 58 70 70
17 200701081 HARSHINI S 93 84 71 90 90
19 200701082 HARSHINI SIVAKUMAR 84 69 48 80 80
19 200701083 HEMA MALINI S 97 77 53 58 58
20 200701084 HEMANTH KUMAAR B 88 77 62 78 78
21 200701085 HIRTHIK SHYAM C 90 77 58 85 85
22 200701086 HOSALADEVI N K 93 81 65 77 77
23 200701087 INDRA S B 84 80 71 83 83
24 200701088 INDRAJITH S 95 83 67 88 88
25 200701089 ISAIMOZHI B 83 73 57 90 90
26 200701090 JAGAN SARAVANAN M 88 76 58 90 90
27 200701091 JAGATHRATCHAHAN V 52 46 29 60 60
28 200701092 JAISURIYA P K 88 75 57 95 95
112
29 200701093 JANANI K 71 69 60 77 77
30 200701094 JANANI P K 93 80 64 92 92
31 200701095 JANANI PRIYA PICHANDI 88 66 36 80 80
113

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RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI

S.No. Form Nos. Title of the Form Page Nos.

1 CF1 Preface of the Course File

2 CF2 Subject handled by yester years

3 CF3 Allocation of subject & class time table with TCH

4 CF4 Faculty Time Table

6 CF6 Lesson Plan & Learning Structure

7 CF7 Course Student List

8 CF8 Assignments/ Self Study Topics

9 CF9 Report on frequent absentees

10 CF10 Unit test question paper

11 CF11 Mark List

12 CF12 Result Analysis

13 CF13 Action taken on Slow Learners

14 CF14 University question paper / question bank

15 CF15 COA Abstract and COA Summary

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Branch : Computer Science and Engineering

Year & Semester : I Year II Sem

Subject Code : EE19242

Name of the Subject : Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Staff incharge : Anitha.D

SUBJECT HANDLERS OF YESTER YEARS

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SUBJECT : Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

SUBJECT CODE : EE 19242

Name of the Faculty

1 AERO Dr. V. Venkatesh

2 CSE - A Dr. P. Thirusentil Kumaran

3 CSE - B Ms. S. Jeny Sophia

4 CSE - C Mrs. A. Sangari

5 CSE - D Mrs. J. Anto Sheeba

7 CHEM Mr. S. B Ron Carter

8 CIVIL Mr. T. S. Saravanan

10 IT-A Mrs. K. Sudha

EE19242 BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIT III ELECTRICAL MACHINES 9

UNIT IV ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS 9

UNIT V MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION 9

1. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws.

RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Faculty Name : ANITHA.D Code : EE114

Subject Name : BASIC ELECTRICAL AND Code : EE19242

Degree & Branch : B.E/ CSE Section : B

1. J.B.Gupta, Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and Electronics,S.K.Kataria& Sons Publications, 2002

S.N Proposed Actual

3 19/4/2021 19/4/2021 Kirchoff‘s current and voltage laws T3 PPT/GCR

4 20/4/2021 20/4/2021 Nodal analysis T3 PPT/GCR

5 22/4/2021 22/4/2021 Mesh analysis T3 PPT/GCR

6 23/4/2021 23/4/2021 Thevinin’s Theorem T3 PPT/GCR

8 27/4/2021 27/4/2021 Superposition Theorem. T3 PPT/GCR

9 29/4/2021 29/4/2021 Revision of theorem T3 PPT/GCR

10 30/4/2021 30/4/2021 Revision of theorem T3 PPT/GCR

13 06/05/2021 06/05/2021 phasor representation T1 PPT/GCR

14 07/05/2021 07/05/2021 real power, reactive power T1 PPT/GCR

15 10/05/2021 10/05/2021 apparent power, power factor T1 PPT/GCR

16 11/05/2021 11/05/2021 Analysis of single-phase ac circuits consisting of R, L, C T1 PPT/GCR