Supporting structure for :- 220kV Straight Isolator

Reference Drawing no. Make: ELECTROLITES…....

2.700
Wind on Bus
37.64 kgs
S/C force =
Round part -C 225 kgs R02
height = 0.00 m
0.135 Width/dia = 0.35 m
Dia rod
Round part -B
height = 2.725 m Width/dia = 0.28 m
Width/dia =
Flat part -A 3.000 m
height = m
Horizontal Bracing : L45455
Top support angles : L65656

R01 BR1 L45455

Structure Height is as per given in equipment GA drawing Main Leg angle L65655
Structure height = 2.500 m 3 Nos. L75756
No of pannels in X-dirn. 2 for MOM/ES box mounting
Ht of each pannel = 1.25
Length of bracing = 2.11
No of pannels in Z-dirn. 4
Ht of each pannel = 0.63
Length of bracing = 0.76
BR2 L45455
Bottom plate
0.180 x 0.180 x
0.012 thk in m

=(1800+150)/3 X
Weight of equipment 650.0 kgs Other side view
Weight of connector = 18 kgs B/B of angles = 1.775 m x 0.430 m
Wind Zone 4 0.350 Z c/c of bolt = 1.695 m x 0.350 m
Basic Wind speed 47 m/sec
k1 1.07
k2 1 1.695 220
k3 1 d
Design wind speed 50.29 m/sec
Wind pressure considered 154.7 kgs/m2
Details of MOM box
Height 0.5 m
220
Width 0.325 m
c.g. of box from P.L. 0.312 m
Weight 100 kg
2100

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 Top plan

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1.0 EQUIPMENT NAME: 220kV Straight Isolator
2.1 A) TERMINAL LOAD DUE TO S/C & WIND ON BUS.
Discription Qty Ht from Load in kg SF Fx/Fz Moment.
Base (M) (KN) Mz/Mx(kN-M)
Short Ckt. Force 1 5.9 225 2.21 13.02
2.21 13.02
Wind on Bus(acting in X-direction) 1 5.9 37.64 0.37 2.18
0.37 2.18
Summary of terminal loads.
SF due to ter. Loads in "x/z" Direction, Fx/z(KN): Afx/z = 2.21 kN-m
Moment due to ter. Loads in "x/z" Direction Mz/x(KN): Amx/z = 13.02 kN-m
SF due to wind in "x" Direction, Fx(KN): Afx = 0.37 kN-m
Moment due to Wind in "x" Direction Mz(KN): Amx = 2.18 kN-m
2.2 B) WIND LOAD
Wind Pressure considered to be acting on different surfaces:
wind pressure x shape factor f 0.27
in kgs Cf 2.93
a) on insulators: 154.7 x9.81/1000x 0.82 0.9 1.90 kN/Sqm
b) on flat surface: 154.7 x9.81/1000x 0.62 2 3.20 kN/Sqm
c) on Structure: 154.7 x9.81/1000x 2.93 7.55 kN/Sqm
Part Qty C.G. pt. Height Width Area S.F. in Moment
from /Length "X"/"Z", My/Mx
Base (m) (M) (M) (Sqm) Fx/Fy (kN) (kN-m)
Wind on equipment parts in X-Direction
Bot flat part (A) 1 0 0 3.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Insulator prt(B) 2 3.86 2.725 0.28 1.526 2.905 11.221
Top round prt(C) 2 0 0.00 0.35 0.000 0.000 0.000
MOM/ES box 2 0.31 0.50 0.33 0.325 1.040 0.324
Arms, part(D) 1 5.09 2.70 0.14 0.365 1.166 5.935
Total= 5.111 17.480
Wind on supporting structures in X-direction

Legs L65655 2 1.25 2.5 0.065 0.325 2.454 3.067

MOM box supports L75756 3 0.31 1.775 0.075 0.399 0.760 0.237
Brac, BR1 L45455 4 1.25 2.11 0.045 0.379 2.862 3.578
Top Supp angle L65656 1 2.5 1.78 0.065 0.115 0.871 2.178
at top Total= 1.219 6.947 9.060

Summary of wind forces in X-direction.

SF due to wind in "x" direction Fx: Bfx = 12.06 kN R01
Mom. Due to wind in "x" direction Mz: Bmx = 26.54 kNm R01

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1.0 EQUIPMENT NAME: 220kV Straight Isolator
Wind on equipment parts in Z-Direction
Bot flat part (A) 1 0 0 0.28 0.000 0.000 0.000
Insulator prt(B) 1 3.86 2.725 0.28 0.763 1.453 5.611
Top round prt(C) 1 0 0.00 0.35 0.000 0.000 0.000
MOM/ES box 1 0.31 0.50 0.33 0.163 0.520 0.162
Total= 1.972 5.773
Wind on supporting structures in Z-direction
Legs L65655 2 1.25 2.5 0.065 0.325 2.454 3.067
Bracing BR2 L45455 4 1.25 0.76 0.045 0.137 1.031 1.289
Horiz bracing L45455 1 2.5 0.430 0.045 0.019 0.146 0.365
at top Total= 0.481 3.631 4.721
Summary of wind forces in Z-direction.
SF due to wind in "z" direction Fz: Bfz = 5.60 kN R01
Moment due to wind in "z" direction Mx: Bmz = 10.49 kNm R01

2.3 VERTICAL LOADS

CALCULATION FOR SELF WEIGHT OF STRUCTURE
Description Member Qty. Length width/dia thick Unit wt Mass
(m) (m) (mm) (kg/m) (kg)
Leg L65655 4 2.5 4.9 49.00
Bracing -BR1 L45455 8 2.11 3.4 57.29
Bracing -BR2 L45455 8 0.76 3.4 20.63
MOM box supports L75756 3 1.78 6.8 36.21
Sup. angle L45455 2 0.43 3.4 2.92
Hor top sup- X-direc. L65656 2 1.78 5.8 20.59
Bot.Pl 12 mm thk 4 0.18 0.18 12 * 12.21
Gst plts 8 mm thk 8 0.1 0.15 8 * 7.54
( * Unit wt of plate = 7.85 kgs/sqm/mm) 206.39
Add 10% for hardwares etc 20.64
Total wt of structures= 227.03 kgs
Summary of vertical forces:
Wt of equipt + connector = DL1 = 668.0 kgs = 6.55 kN
Wt of supporting steel Str.= DL2 = 227.03 kgs = 2.23 kN
Total Vertical force due to DL & LL. Fz = 8.78 kN

2.4 SUMMARY OF OPERATING FORCES:

Short Circuit Condition When SCF & wind acts ^r to bus When SCF & wind acts along bus
Fx = 14.63 kN Fx = 0.00 kN
Fz = 0.00 kN Fz = 7.81 kN
R02
Mz = 41.74 kN-m Mz = 0.00 kN-m
Mx = 0.00 kN-m Mx = 23.52 kN-m
Fy = 8.78 kN Fy = 8.78 kN
Normal Condition When wind acts ^r to bus When wind acts along bus
Fx = 12.43 kN Fx = 0.00 kN
Fz = 0.00 kN Fz = 5.60 kN
R01
Mz = 28.72 kN-m Mz = 0.00 kN-m
Mx = 0.00 kN-m Mx = 10.49 kN-m
Fy = 8.78 kN Fy = 8.78 kN

file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/603078563.xls Page 3
 Structure Design
Structure Geometry Material Specifications
No of Structures/Equip = 1 Permissible axial stress in steel Fy = 255 Mpa
Base Width in X Dir. Ax = 0.395 m in steel.
Base Width in Z Dir. Az = 1.740 m Fs = 218 Mpa
Ht of Structure. H= 2.5 m
No of equal panels. nz = 2 Nos, nx = 4 Nos. Fb = 436 Mpa
Bracing pattern on z-face 2 on x-face 1 (1 for Single bracing & 2 for cross bracing)
Eff. length of main leg, le = 1.25 m
Eff. length of brac.in z dir, lz = 2.11 m PI*sqrt(2*E/Fy) = Cc = 124.43 Mpa
Eff. length of brac.in x dir, lx = 0.76 m
Member Design:
Main Leg Bracings Z Bracing X
Forces due to:
Terminal Load in "x" dir. Amx/(2*Ax) = 16.50 kN. Afx / (Ax/lx) = 4.24 kN.
Terminal Load in "z" dir. Amz/(2*Ay) = 0.63 kN. Af/(Ay/ly) = 0.45 kN
Wind in "x" dir. Bmx/2*Ax = 33.63 kN. Bfx/(Ax/lx) = 23.18 kN.
Wind in "z" dir. Bmz/2*Ay = 3.02 kN. Bfz/(Ay/ly) = 6.78 kN
Equipt and str wt. Dl = (DL1+DL2)/4= 2.19 kN.
Compression pc = Tr+(Wd )+Dl = 55.97 kN. Tr+(Wd ) = 27.43 kN. Tr+Wd = 7.23 kN.
Tension pt = Tr+(Wd )-Dl = 51.58 kN. Tr+(Wd ) = 27.43 kN. Tr+Wd = 7.23 kN.
pt = Tr-(Wd )+Dl = -17.32 kN.
Effective length. le = 1.25 m 0.76 m 2.11 m
Connectivity(1,2,3 or 4)* 1 2 2
* 1= main leg member, 2=not restrained, 3=restrained on 1 side,4=restrained on both sides.
Trial Section* L65655 L45455 L45455
Gross Area. Ag = 6.25 sqcm 4.28 sqcm 4.28 sqcm
rxx/rvv . r = 1.99 cm 0.87 cm 1.36 cm
l/r le x 100 / r = 62.81 87.2 154.86
kl/r l/r= 62.814 60+0.5*l/r = 103.6 60+0.5*l/r = 137.43
b/t 12 8.00 8.00
Fcr 255.0 255.0 255.0
Fa 222.5 166.6 104.5
Section capacity in Comp. Pc = Ag*Fa/10 = 139.07 kN 71.309 kN 44.732 kN
F.O.S. against Compression Pc / pc = 2.485 2.6 6.186

file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/603078563.xls Page 4
A1 2.38 cm2 1.38 cm2 1.38 cm2
A2 3 cm2 2 cm2 2 cm2
k 3*A1/(3A1+A2) = 0.70 0.67 0.67
Net area An = Ag-2*17.5*t = 4.5 cm2 2.722 cm2 2.722 cm2
Section capacity(Tension) Pt =An*Fy/10 = 114.75 kN 69.409 kN 69.409 kN
F.O.S. against tension Pt/pt = 2.225 2.531 9.599
Bolt cap.in shear(M16) Pi()xd^2/4xFs = 43.832 kN 43.832 kN 43.832 kN
Bolt cap.in bearing(M16) t x d x Fb = 34.88 kN 34.88 kN 34.88 kN
No of M16 bolts 2 1 1

Design of Foundation bolts

Spacing of Fdn Bolts . dx x dz = 1.695 x 0.350 m
Bolt dia. Bd= M 24
Root dia. Rd= 20.4 mm
Permissible Bond stress with conc M20. bs= 0.8 MPa
Ult tensile stress for Bolt. Ftb= 194 MPa
Ult shear stress for Bolt. Fsb= 218 MPa
No of bolts/leg n= 2 Nos
Factor of safty considered F= 2
Root area of bolt = PI x Rd^2 / 4 = Ar = 327 sqmm
Max tensile force / bolt = ( Mx / ( dz x 2 ) + Mz / ( dx x 2 )- Fv / 4 )
= (0 / ( 1.695 x 2 ) + 41.74 / ( 0.35 x 2 ) - 8.78 / 4)/2 = 28.72 kN
Max shear force/ bolt = Fh / (4 x n) = = sqrt(12.43 ^ 2 + 0 ^ 2 ) / ( 4 x 2 ) = 1.83 kN
Max tensile stress / bolt =F x 28.72 x 1000 / 327 = 175.7 Mpa
Max shear stress / bolt =F x 1.83 x 1000 / 327 = 11.2 Mpa
Stress ratio = = (175.73 / 194)^2 + (11.19 / 218)^2 = 0.823
is <= 1.4, hence OK.
Max load Capacity of each bolt = Ar x Ftb / 1000 = Tb = 63.41 kN
Embedded length of bolt required = Ta x 1000 / (PI x Bd x bs)= 476 mm
Provide, 8 Nos. 24 Dia fdn bolts having total length of 750 mm.

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FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR 132KV ISOLATOR SUPPORT STRUCTURE (WIND & SCF ACTS NORMAL TO THE BUS)
LOAD DETAILS A. Settlement considered - 25mm.
B. Depth of Foundation - 1.0m from EGL.
Vertical Load, P 8.778 KN C. Allowable Bearing Capacity as per Geotech report for
Horizontal force / shear in X direction, Fx 14.634 KN 25mm settlement - 48.0 77 t/m2.
Horizontal force / shear in Z direction, Fz 0.000 KN D. Factor of Safety assumed - 2.5
Moment about X due to Fz, Mx 0.000 KN E. Net Safe Bearing Capacity - 48.077/2.5 = 19.23 t/m2
Moment about Z due to Fx, Mz 41.741 KN

SOIL PARAMETERS:
Net Safe Bearing Capacity 188.6 KN/m2
Depth of water table 5.0 m
Density of soil= 18.1 KN/m3
CONCRETE
Grade of concrete M25 25
Density of concrete= 25 KN/m3
Reinforcement Yield Stress= 500 Mpa
Pedestal Size= 0.400 x 0.650 m2
Base Size: 2.600 x 2.600 m2
Pad Thickness= 0.300 m
Depth of foundation from G.L= 1.000 m
Plinth Level from G.L= 0.300 m
Depth of filling = 0.000 m
Ultimate load factor taken for design 1.650 For Short Circuit Condition
400 x 650
FGL

700 4 - 16 f
8 - 12 f

10mm dia bar @ 175 1000

mm c/c B/W.

300

10 mm dia bar @ 175 c/c B/W

2600 x 2600

Fdn drwg. For ISO structure Supports

Fdn Design. Page 1

wt of concrete above FGL = 0.3 x 0.4 x 0.65 x 25 1.95 KN
wt of concrete below FGL =( 0.7x0.4x0.65+0.3x2.6x2.6)x25 55.25 KN
Total wt of concrete 57.20 KN
Weight of soil = 0.7 x (2.6 x2.6 -0.4x0.65) x 18.1485 82.6 KN
Total weight due to soil= 82.58 KN
Pgross
Total Vertical load from gate & supports= 8.78 KN
Total vertical load, Pgross = 57.20 + 82.58 + 8.78 = 148.55 KN
CHECK FOR OVERTURNING
Overturning moment about major axis = 41.74 + 14.63 x(1 - 0.3) 51.986 KN-m
Resisting moment = =0.9 x 148.55 x 2.6 /2 173.81 KN-m
F.O.S against overturning 173.81 / 51.986 3.34 >1.5, OK

CHECK FOR BEARING CAPACITY

Pressure developed due to Pgross =Pgross / (Lx x Ly) 21.98 KN/m^2
Pressure due to Mx = 6 Mx / (Ly x Lx ^2) 19.25 KN/m^2
Max. Bearing Pressure developed =Pgross / (Lx x Ly) + 6 Mux / (Ly x Lx^2) 41.22 KN/m^2
(=188.65X1.25=) < 235.8 KN/m2
Pressure developed due to soil weight + wt of footing =57.2+82.58 20.7 KN/m2
Net Pressure, Pnet = =41.22-20.68 20.54 KN/m2

Design of Raft
Calculation of bending moment at bottom
Maximum Net pressure at bottom 41.22 KN/m2
Over hang in long direction 1.100 m
Over hang in short direction 0.975 m
Considering maximum pressure acting on the entire raft,
Moment at bottom in long dir.,M 1x 41.22 1.100 2/2 24.94 KN-m/m
Moment at bottom in long dir.,M 1y 41.22 0.975 2/2 19.59 KN-m/m

Calculation of bending moment at top

Effective pressure at top = 0.7x18.1485+0.3x25 20.2 KN/m2
Design Moment, M2 20.20 x 1.100 2/2 12.2 KN-m/m

Clear cover 50 mm
Bar Diameter 10 mm
Effective depth,d 245 mm
Bottom reinforcement in either direction
M1xu/bd2 = 1.65 x 19.59 x 1000 / (1 x 245^2) 0.539 Mpa
pt reqd 0.127 %
Ast reqd (With 0.12 % of min. reinf.) 360.0 mm2/m
Provide 10 f@ 175 C/C at bottom
Ast provided 448.80 mm2/m
Top reinforcement
M2u/bd2 = 1.65 x 12.22 x 1000/(1 x 245 ^2) 0.336 Mpa
pt reqd 0.078 %
Ast reqd (With 0.12 % of min. reinf.) 360.00 mm2/m
Provide 10 f@ 175 C/C at top
Ast provided 448.80 mm2/m

Fdn Design. Page 2

Shear force at a distance, d from edge of pedestal in plane parallel to X axis 30.1 KN/m
41.2 x 0.73
Shear force at a distance, d from edge of pedestal in plane parallel to Y axis 35.2 KN/m
41.2 x 0.855
Design shear force, V = 1.65 x 30.09 58.15 KN/m
Design shear stress, t 58.15 / 0.245 = 237.4 KN/m2 0.237 Mpa
pt 0.183
b 15.846
tc 0.318 Mpa
k 1.000
Permissible shear stress= k x tc 0.318 Mpa O.K

DESIGN OF PEDESTAL
Active moment about the base of pedestal=
About X axis, Mx 0.000 KN-m
About Y axis, My 41.74 KN-m
Mux = 1.65 x 0 0.00 kN-m
Muy = 1.65 x 41.74 68.87 kN-m
Self-weight of Pedestal = = 1.3 x 0.4 x0.65 x 25 8.45 KN
Total comp. foece at bottom of chimney,P 8.78 + 8.5 17.23 KN
Pu = 1.65 x 17.23 28.4 kN
Minimum percentage of steel required, p t,min 0.8 %
X-sectional area of column required = 28.43 x 1000/(0.4 x 25 + 0.67 x 415 x 0.8/100) 2325 mm2
Minimum area of steel required 19 mm2
Area of Steel(As) 4 nos 16 f 804 mm2
8 nos 12 f 905 mm2
1709
Percentage of steel, p 0.657 %
Clear Cover provided 50 mm
d'/D 58 / 400 0.15
Pu/fckbD 0.004
p/fck 0.026
Referring to chart 50 of SP16, Mux1/bD 2 0.088
Mux1 372.6 kN-m
Referring to chart 50 of SP16, Muy1/bD 2 0.088
Muy1 229.3 kN-m
Puz 3227 kN
Pu/Puz 0.009
an 1
Interaction ratio 0.000 + 0.300 0.300 <1, OK

Fdn Design. Page 3

FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR 132KV ISOLATOR SUPPORT STRUCTURE (WIND ACTS NORMAL TO THE BUS)
LOAD DETAILS
Vertical Load, P 8.778 KN
Horizontal force / shear in X direction, Fx 12.427 KN
Horizontal force / shear in Z direction, Fz 0.000 KN
Moment about X due to Fz, Mx 0.000 KN
Moment about Z due to Fx, Mz 28.719 KN
Total vertical load = 8.78 KN
SOIL PARAMETERS:
Net Safe Bearing Capacity 188.6 KN/m2 = 11.5x9.81 At 1.50M below NGL
Depth of water table 5.0 m
Density of soil= 18.1 KN/m3 =1.81*9.81
CONCRETE
Grade of concrete M25 25
Density of concrete= 25 KN/m3
Reinforcement Yield Stress= 500 Mpa
Pedestal Size= 0.400 x 0.650 m2
Base Size: 2.600 x 2.600 m2
Pad Thickness= 0.300 m
Depth of foundation from G.L= 1.000 m
Depth of filling = 0.000 m
Ultimate load factor taken for design 2.000
400 x 650
FGL

700 4 - 16 f

10mm dia bar @ 175 1000

mm c/c B/W.

300

10 mm dia bar @ 175 c/c B/W

2600 x 2600

Fdn drwg. For ISO structure Supports

Fdn Design. Page 1

wt of concrete above FGL = 0.3 x 0.4 x 0.65 x 25 1.95 KN
wt of concrete below FGL =( 0.7x0.4x0.65+0.3x2.6x2.6)x25 55.25 KN
Total wt of concrete 57.20 KN
Weight of soil = 0.7 x (2.6 x2.6 -0.4x0.65) x 18.1485 82.6 KN
Total weight due to soil= 82.58 KN
Pgross
Total Vertical load from gate & supports= 8.78 KN
Total vertical load, Pgross = 57.20 + 82.58 + 8.78 = 148.55 KN
CHECK FOR OVERTURNING
Overturning moment about major axis = 28.72 + 12.43 x(1 - 0.3) 37.418 KN-m
Resisting moment = =0.9 x 148.55 x 2.6 /2 173.81 KN-m
F.O.S against overturning 173.81 / 37.418 4.65 >1.5, OK

CHECK FOR BEARING CAPACITY

Pressure developed due to Pgross =Pgross / (Lx x Ly) 21.98 KN/m^2
Pressure due to Mx = 6 Mx / (Ly x Lx ^2) 0.00 KN/m^2
Max. Bearing Pressure developed =Pgross / (Lx x Ly) + 6 Mux / (Ly x Lx^2) 21.98 KN/m^2
(=188.65X1.25=) < 235.8 KN/m2
Pressure developed due to soil weight + wt of footing =57.2+82.58 20.7 KN/m2
Net Pressure, Pnet = =21.98-20.68 1.30 KN/m2

Design of Raft
Calculation of bending moment at bottom
Maximum Net pressure at bottom 21.98 KN/m2
Over hang in long direction 1.100 m
Over hang in short direction 0.975 m
Considering maximum pressure acting on the entire raft,
Moment at bottom in long dir.,M 1x 21.98 1.100 2/2 13.30 KN-m/m
Moment at bottom in long dir.,M 1y 21.98 0.975 2/2 10.45 KN-m/m

Calculation of bending moment at top

Effective pressure at top = 0.7x18.1485+0.3x25 20.2 KN/m2
Design Moment, M2 20.20 x 1.100 2/2 12.2 KN-m/m

Clear cover 50 mm
Bar Diameter 10 mm
Effective depth,d 245 mm
Bottom reinforcement in either direction
M1xu/bd2 = 2 x 10.45 x 1000 / (1 x 245^2) 0.348 Mpa
pt reqd 0.081 %
Ast reqd (With 0.12 % of min. reinf.) 360.0 mm2/m
Provide 10 f@ 175 C/C at bottom
Ast provided 448.80 mm2/m
Top reinforcement
M2u/bd2 = 2 x 12.22 x 1000/(1 x 245 ^2) 0.407 Mpa
pt reqd 0.095 %
Ast reqd (With 0.12 % of min. reinf.) 360.00 mm2/m
Provide 10 f@ 175 C/C at top
Ast provided 448.80 mm2/m

Fdn Design. Page 2

Shear force at a distance, d from edge of pedestal in plane parallel to X axis 16.0 KN/m
22.0 x 0.73
Shear force at a distance, d from edge of pedestal in plane parallel to Y axis 18.8 KN/m
22.0 x 0.855
Design shear force, V = 2 x 16.04 37.58 KN/m
Design shear stress, t 37.58 / 0.245 = 153.4 KN/m2 0.153 Mpa
pt 0.183
b 15.846
tc 0.318 Mpa
k 1.000
Permissible shear stress= k x tc 0.318 Mpa O.K

DESIGN OF PEDESTAL
Active moment about the base of pedestal=
About X axis, Mx 0.000 KN-m
About Y axis, My 28.72 KN-m
Mux =2x0 0.00 kN-m
Muy = 2 x 28.72 57.44 kN-m
Self-weight of Pedestal = = 1.3 x 0.4 x0.65 x 25 8.45 KN
Total comp. foece at bottom of chimney,P 8.78 + 8.5 17.23 KN
Pu = 2 x 17.23 34.5 kN
Minimum percentage of steel required, p t,min 0.8 %
X-sectional area of column required = 34.46 x 1000/(0.4 x 25 + 0.67 x 415 x 0.8/100) 2819 mm2
Minimum area of steel required 23 mm2
Area of Steel(As) 4 nos 16 f 804 mm2
8 nos 12 f 905 mm2
1709
Percentage of steel, p 0.657 %
Clear Cover provided 50 mm
d'/D 58 / 400 0.15
Pu/fckbD 0.005
p/fck 0.026
Referring to chart 44 of SP16, Mux1/bD 2 0.883
Mux1 3730.7 kN-m
Referring to chart 44 of SP16, Muy1/bD 2 0.883
Muy1 2295.8 kN-m
Puz 3227 kN
Pu/Puz 0.011
an 1
Interaction ratio 0.000 + 0.025 0.025 <1, OK

Fdn Design. Page 3

Table 80 SHEAR - PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS IN CONCRETE, tc Mpa

100 Ast/bd M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.3 0.24 0.24
0.4 0.27 0.27
0.5 0.29 0.3
0.6 0.31 0.32
0.7 0.33 0.34
0.8 0.34 0.36
0.9 0.36 0.37
1 0.37 0.39
1.1 0.38 0.4
1.2 0.4 0.41
1.3 0.41 0.43
1.4 0.42 0.44
1.5 0.42 0.45
1.6 0.43 0.46
1.7 0.44 0.47
1.8 0.44 0.47
1.9 0.44 0.48
2 0.44 0.49
2.1 0.44 0.5
2.2 0.44 0.51
2.3 0.44 0.51
2.4 0.44 0.51
2.5 0.44 0.51
2.6 0.44 0.51
2.7 0.44 0.51
2.8 0.44 0.51
2.9 0.44 0.51

0 = x(0.38+0x(0.0051+0))

0
 Section Size (mm) Thickness Sectional Unit weight Centre of Gravity (cm) Radii of Gyration (cm)
Designation Long side Short side (mm) Area (cm2) (kg/ m) Cxx Cyy rxx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
L45304 45 30 4 2.86 2.2 1.42 0.69 1.42
L45454 45 45 4 3.47 2.7 1.25 1.25 1.37
L45455 45 45 5 4.28 3.4 1.29 1.29 1.36
L50504 50 50 4 3.88 3 1.37 1.37 1.53
L50505 50 50 5 4.79 3.8 1.41 1.41 1.52
L50506 50 50 6 5.68 4.5 1.45 1.45 1.51
L55555 55 55 5 5.27 4.1 1.53 1.53 1.67
L55556 55 55 6 6.26 4.9 1.57 1.57 1.66
L60605 60 60 5 5.75 4.5 1.65 1.65 1.82
L60606 60 60 6 6.84 5.4 1.69 1.69 1.82
L65655 65 65 5 6.25 4.9 1.77 1.77 1.99
L65656 65 65 6 7.44 5.8 1.81 1.81 1.98
L65658 65 65 8 9.76 7.7 1.89 1.89 1.96
L70705 70 70 5 6.77 5.3 1.89 1.89 2.15
L70706 70 70 6 8.06 6.3 1.94 1.94 2.14
L70708 70 70 8 10.56 8.3 2.02 2.02 2.12
L75755 75 75 5 7.27 5.7 2.02 2.02 2.31
L75756 75 75 6 8.66 6.8 2.06 2.06 2.3
L75758 75 75 8 11.38 8.9 2.14 2.14 2.28
L80806 80 80 6 9.29 7.3 2.18 2.18 2.46
L80808 80 80 8 12.21 9.6 2.27 2.27 2.44
L90906 90 90 6 10.47 8.2 2.42 2.42 2.77
L90908 90 90 8 13.79 10.8 2.51 2.51 2.75
L909010 90 90 10 17.03 13.4 2.59 2.59 2.73
L1001006 100 100 6 11.67 9.2 2.67 2.67 3.09
L1001008 100 100 8 15.39 12.1 2.76 2.76 3.07
L10010010 100 100 10 19.03 14.9 2.84 2.84 3.05
L10010012 100 100 12 22.59 17.7 2.92 2.92 3.03
L1101108 110 110 8 17.08 13.4 3.00 3.00 3.38
L11011010 110 110 10 21.12 16.6 3.09 3.09 3.36
L11011012 110 110 12 25.08 19.7 3.17 3.17 3.34
L1301308 130 130 8 20.28 15.9 3.50 3.50 4.03
L13013010 130 130 10 25.12 19.7 3.59 3.59 4.01
L13013012 130 130 12 29.88 23.5 3.67 3.67 3.99
L13013016 130 130 16 39.16 30.7 3.82 3.82
L15015010 150 150 10 29.21 22.9 4.08 4.08
L15015012 150 150 12 34.77 27.3 4.16 4.16
L15015016 150 150 16 45.65 35.8 4.31 4.31
L15015020 150 150 20 56.21 44.1 4.46 4.46
L20020012 200 200 12 46.94 36.9 5.39 5.39
L20020016 200 200 16 61.82 48.5 5.56 5.56
L20020020 200 200 20 76.38 60.0 5.71 5.71
L20020025 200 200 25 93.8 73.6 5.88 5.88
0
Radii of Gyration (cm)
ryy rvv
10 11
0.84 0.63
0.87
0.87
0.97
0.97
0.96
1.06
1.06
1.16
1.15
1.26
1.26
1.25
1.36
1.36
1.35
1.46
1.46
1.45
1.56
1.55
1.75
1.75
1.74
1.95
1.95
1.94
1.94
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.55
2.54
2.54