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2019.04 Test 9
2019.04 Test 9
Question-and-Answer Service
Reading Test
6 5 M IN UT E S, 52 QU ES T I O NS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).
:
by
Questions 1-10 are based on the following and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold
se
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
ha
om
Pu
ai
M ho @ lia
9 mp 03 ita
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried been washed and left to air-dry.
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
35
-P
u
ac P
a
le
eS &
us , A
cl AT
She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed. offered immigrant services if we needed them. She
or
40
M
“Sabroso,” she said. gossiped about people in the building. She told me
n
ai
I loved how full her home felt, embroidered that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his
bt
O
10 pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite
glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red the fact that he might look big and burly, and that
votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants, 45 Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,
woven rugs, unframed posters of Panamá beaches on had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that
the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly
15 radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled news—I had assumed as much when I met her. “It’s
with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of the most unnatural shade of red,” Celia said. “Rafael
spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great 50 says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce
accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the on her head.” She chortled. “Quisqueya is a
walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches busybody, but it’s only because she’s so insecure. She
20 that clouded the windows. doesn’t know how to connect with people. Don’t let
“Mi casa es tu casa,” Celia joked as I looked her put you off.”
around. “Isn’t that what the Americans say?” 55 Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael
She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of and her boys had come here from Panamá, fifteen
us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking years ago, after the invasion.
25 small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she “So your son, he was born there?” I asked.
had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled
together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,
chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on
a soccer scholarship. And there’s Mayor, who you The description of Celia’s apartment in lines 9-20 is
met. He’s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks primarily intended to
we might have taken the wrong baby home from the A) evoke a sense of coziness and comfort.
hospital.” She forced a smile. “Just a joke, of course.”
65 She stood and lifted a framed picture from the B) reflect the hectic and unpredictable nature of life
end table. “This is from last summer before Enrique in Celia’s building.
went back to school,” she said, handing it to me. C) extol the ready availability of goods in the United
“Micho took it for us.” States.
In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I D) establish that Celia is an avid collector.
70 recognized from the store, small for his age with
dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,
who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed, 2
the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip.
“What about you?” Celia asked. “Do you have According to the passage, which fact about Celia’s
75 other children besides your daughter?” neighbors does the narrator know before she visits
:
by
the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring A) Micho Alvarez and Benny Quinto are close
rc
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friends.
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
9 mp 03 ita
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
“To Evers.”
n
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
u
ac P
AT O
t
ng
eS &
iv P
em
us , A
3
re
cl AT
“She’s going to get better.” “put you off” (line 54), she most nearly means that
n
ai
4 8
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which choice best describes the narrator’s Which choice provides the best evidence for the
relationship with Celia’s sons? answer to the previous question?
A) The narrator knows Celia’s sons because they are A) Lines 79-80 (“And . . . loud”)
friends with the narrator’s daughter. B) Lines 82-84 (“Celia . . . indignation”)
B) The narrator’s daughter attends school with C) Lines 92-94 (“When . . . here”)
Mayor.
D) Lines 95-96 (“It’s amazing . . . children”)
C) The narrator has seen Mayor in person, but she
has seen Enrique only in Celia’s photo.
D) The narrator has seen Enrique play soccer, but 9
she has never seen Mayor.
Based on the passage, it can reasonably be inferred
that Celia tells the narrator about leaving Panama
(lines 91-96) primarily to
5
A) encourage the narrator to share her story of
:
by
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
9 mp 03 ita
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
C) Lines 65-68 (“She stood . . . us”) family has prospered since they left.
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
D) Lines 74-75 (“What . . . daughter”) D) assure the narrator that she understands and
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
le
AT O
eS &
6
I
Si
iv P
em
us , A
40
6
re
cl AT
10
Ex S
A) endear Rafa to the narrator. A) stress the importance of religion to Celia and the
O
Questions 11-21 are based on the following about cap and trade, and confronted with their own
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material. ignorance, they would dampen their own
This passage is adapted from Wray Herbert, “Extremist
enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result
Politics: Debating the Nuts and Bolts.” ©2012 by take less extreme positions. And that’s just what
TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. 50 happened. Trying—and failing—to explain complex
policies undermined the extremists’ illusions about
Voters need to understand the prosaic details of being well-informed. They became more moderate in
complex policies. Most have staked out positions on their views as a result.
these issues, but they are not often reasoned Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a
Line positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most 55 policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy.
5 citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations, In fact, talking about one’s views can often
assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances strengthen them. Fernbach believes it’s the slow,
of issues. cognitive work—the deliberate analysis—that
Psychological scientists have a name for this changes people’s judgments, but he wanted to check
easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of 60 this in another experiment. This one was very similar
10 explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we to the first, but some volunteers, instead of
understand complex matters, when in fact we are explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it.
:
by
clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs The results were clear. Those who simply listed
se
l.c
15 Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted continued to think they understood the policies in
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
convictions? That’s the question that Philip
sa
9 mp 03 ita
st
Te
ia ba
.c the
-P
70
AT O
t
ng
iv P
em
cl AT
considering the mechanics of implementation— biased ways, and they hang out with people like
Ex S
Figure 2 12
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Volunteers’ Mean Self-Ratings for Over the course of the passage, the main focus shifts
Position on Policy from
Mean self-rating (scale of 0 to 3;
om
Pu
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
11 13
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
A central idea discussed in the passage is that As used in line 9, “illusion” most nearly means
u
ac P
a
le
AT O
t
ng
eS &
A) misconception.
iv P
em
us , A
cl AT
B) dream.
Ex S
C) charade.
or
15 18
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The main purpose of the fourth paragraph Based on the passage, which action would most likely
(lines 26-42) is to reduce political extremism among the citizenry?
A) provide support for a theory. A) Forming organized groups of people who share
B) defend the need for a research study. their most deeply held convictions
C) outline the specifics of an experiment. B) Requiring that politicians explain their proposed
policies in detail before an election is held
D) discuss the complexity of a particular issue.
C) Promoting awareness of charities that provide
opportunities to donate money to worthy but
16 underfunded causes
D) Hosting events that encourage people who hold
The passage implies that when conducting his
opposing points of view to interact with one
laboratory work, Fernbach would have been most
another
surprised by which finding?
A) No link was found between the complexity of an
:
by
19
se
positions.
rc
om
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
9 mp 03 ita
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
.c the
-P
u
ac P
for endorsing a particular policy, their views C) Lines 72-74 (“They . . . themselves”)
a
le
AT O
t
ng
eS &
us , A
40
cl AT
understanding of them.
n
ai
bt
O
17
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 26-30 (“They started . . . emissions”)
B) Lines 34-38 (“If the . . . forth”)
C) Lines 39-42 (“They . . . action”)
D) Lines 44-49 (“Fernbach’s . . . positions”)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material.
According to figure 1, which statement best describes
the change in the mean self-ratings of the volunteers This passage is adapted from “Rare Woodland Plant Uses
after they were asked to analyze and explain a policy? ‘Cryptic Coloration’ to Hide from Predators.” ©2009 by
American Journal of Botany, Inc.
A) They became more extreme in their position on
It is well known that some animal species use
the policy.
camouflage to hide from predators. Individuals that
B) They became more reluctant to justify a are able to blend in to their surroundings and avoid
particular viewpoint. Line being eaten are able to survive longer, reproduce, and
C) They became less confident in their 5 thus increase their fitness (pass along their genes to
understanding of the policy. the next generation) compared to those who stand
out more. This may seem like a good strategy, and
D) They became less interested in the policy.
fairly common in the animal kingdom, but who ever
heard of a plant doing the same thing?
10 In plants, the use of coloration or pigmentation as
21
a vital component of acquiring food (e.g.,
:
by
According to both the passage and figure 2, making a photosynthesis) or as a means of attracting
se
list of reasons for or against a policy has little impact pollinators (e.g., flowers) has been well studied.
ha
rc
om
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
A) position on an issue.
:
nd m ny gm
on
Matthew Klooster from Harvard University and
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
.c the
-P
AT O
iv P
em
cl AT
25
bt
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
experimentally demonstrated that this camouflage
actually worked to hide the plant from its predators Reflectance Patterns of Leaf Litter
and increased its fitness. Individuals with intact and Monotropsis odorata Structures
50 bracts suffered only a quarter of the herbivore
damage and produced a higher percentage of mature 45 leaf litter
fruits compared to those whose bracts were removed. bract
40
“It has long been shown that animals use cryptic
flower petal
coloration (camouflage) as a defense mechanism to 35
reproductive
Percent reflectance
55 visually match a component of their natural 30
environment, which facilitates predator avoidance,” stem
Klooster said. “We have now experimentally 25
demonstrated that plants have evolved a similar 20
strategy to avoid their herbivores.”
60 Drying its bracts early to hide its reproductive 15
parts is a good strategy when the stems are exposed 10
to predators for long periods of time: all the other
:
by
om
65 for only a quarter of the length of time. Somewhat 300 400 500 600 700
Pu
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
Wavelength (nanometers)
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
Figure 2
.c the
-P
u
ac P
70
AT O
t
ng
eS &
fragrant odors that serve to attract pollinators and Floral Herbivore Damage to
6
I
Si
iv P
em
us , A
seed dispersal agents; indeed they observed bumble Monotropsis odorata Plants,
40
re
cl AT
0.40
e
0.35
n
ai
bt
0.30
O
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
2006 2007
22 25
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The main purpose of the passage is to In lines 20-21, the references to the tiger and the
moth serve mainly to
A) contrast the activities of plant species that rely on
photosynthesis with the activities of those that A) provide examples of animal species with
do not. characteristics analogous to those of the plant
B) explore the attempts of scientists to understand investigated in the passage.
the means by which plants attract pollinators. B) offer a contrast between the defensive strategies
C) describe a study illuminating a defensive strategy of animals and the strategies of the plant
of a particular species of plant. examined in the passage.
D) explain the results of experiments comparing the C) suggest a new possibility for applying the plant
function of color in plants and in animals. research discussed in the passage to the animal
world.
D) defend the work described in the passage against
23 those who had criticized the inclusion of certain
animals in the interpretation of the findings.
:
by
om
an evolutionary advantage?
Pu
26
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
on
sa
H
U
B) Lines 2-7 (“Individuals . . . more”) that the nutrient requirements of many plants have
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
the consequence of
0
k
er
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
le
AT O
D) Lines 10-13 (“In plants . . . studied”) A) exaggerating the plants’ coloration patterns.
t
ng
eS &
6
I
Si
iv P
us , A
40
re
cl AT
plants has
27
A) provided scientists with a deeper understanding Which choice provides the best evidence for the
of potential food sources. answer to the previous question?
B) made use of a wider variety of distinctive shades
of colors. A) Lines 16-21 (“Matthew . . . hide”)
C) proved to be a less effective defense against B) Lines 22-25 (“Monotropsis . . . Klooster”)
predators. C) Lines 25-30 (“Because . . . animals”)
D) been the subject of a smaller number of scientific D) Lines 31-34 (“Using . . . plants”)
investigations.
28 31
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
As used in line 28, “broader” most nearly means Which statement about reflectance patterns in
more Monotropsis odorata is best supported by the data
presented in figure 1?
A) extensive.
B) obvious. A) The flower petal reflectance pattern tracks
closely with the bract reflectance pattern.
C) tolerant.
B) The leaf litter reflectance pattern shows
D) spacious. decreases in relation to increases in the flower
petal reflectance pattern.
29 C) The reproductive stem reflectance pattern is
most similar to the leaf litter reflectance pattern.
As used in line 48, “worked” most nearly means
D) The bract reflectance pattern differs substantially
A) changed. from the reproductive stem reflectance pattern.
B) influenced.
:
by
C) functioned. 32
se
ha
D) manipulated.
rc
om
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
H
U
30
h
was about
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
0
om r
hi an
A) 0.09.
.c the
-P
AT O
t
ng
iv P
em
us , A
approximately C) 0.36.
40
re
cl AT
D) 0.40.
Ex S
A) 5 percent.
e
or
B) 10 percent.
M
n
ai
C) 20 percent.
bt
O
D) 30 percent.
Questions 33-42 are based on the following acquired, it must appear that the same things could
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. not have been accomplished without producing such
This passage is adapted from Edmund Burke, Reflections on
45 a revolution. Most assuredly they might. . . . Some
the Revolution in France. Originally published in 1790. usages have been abolished on just grounds, but
Edmund Burke was a British politician and scholar. In 1789, they were such that if they had stood as they were to
the French formed a new governmental body known as the all eternity, they would little detract from the
National Assembly, ushering in the tumultuous period of happiness and prosperity of any state. The
political and social change known as the French Revolution. 50 improvements of the National Assembly are
superficial, their errors fundamental.
To make a government requires no great
Whatever they are, I wish my countrymen rather
prudence. Settle the seat of power, teach obedience,
to recommend to our neighbors the example of the
and the work is done. To give freedom is still more
British constitution than to take models from them
Line easy. It is not necessary to guide; it only requires to
55 for the improvement of our own. In the former, they
5 let go the rein. But to form a free government, that is,
have got an invaluable treasure. They are not, I think,
to temper together these opposite elements of liberty
without some causes of apprehension and complaint,
and restraint in one consistent work, requires much
but these they do not owe to their constitution but to
thought, deep reflection, a sagacious, powerful, and
their own conduct. I think our happy situation owing
:
om
ai
M ho @ lia
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
65
so
Te
15
0
k
er
.c the
u
ac P
AT O
t
eS &
us , A
cl AT
33 37
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that As used in line 30, “sober” most nearly means
Burke is particularly upset with the National
Assembly’s decision to A) grave.
B) rehabilitated.
A) limit the king’s power.
C) unpretentious.
B) expand the size of the government.
D) reasonable.
C) seek the approval of the public.
D) ignore the advice of former leaders.
38
Burke’s central claim in the last paragraph is that the
34
British have
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question? A) failed to take effective measures to safeguard
their rights.
A) Lines 5-10 (“But . . . Assembly”)
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by
om
C) Lines 13-18 (“But . . . people”) C) tried to export their form of government to their
Pu
l.c
neighbors.
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
hundreds of years.
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
le
AT O
35
t
ng
eS &
6
I
Si
39
iv P
em
us , A
cl AT
B) tools.
M
C) counselors.
bt
remain relevant.
O
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passages.
In the passage, Burke displays the greatest respect for
which of the following? Passage 1 is adapted from Rex Dalton, “Blast in the Past?”
©2007 by Nature Publishing Group. Passage 2 is adapted
A) The British voting public from Michael Balter, “What Caused a 1300-Year Deep
Freeze?” ©2014 by American Association for the
B) British leaders of past generations
Advancement of Science. Clovis hunters are widely
C) British citizens who are inspired by the French regarded as among the first people to inhabit North
D) The leaders of France’s former government America.
Passage 1
At the 2007 American Geophysical Union’s
41 meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen
scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
Line comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern
answer to the previous question?
5 ice cap almost 13,000 years ago—showering debris
A) Lines 52-56 (“Whatever . . . treasure”) across the North American continent and causing
temperatures to plunge for the next millennium.
:
by
C) Lines 64-67 (“Our people . . . neither”) observations: not only the climate cooling and the
rc
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Pu
D) Lines 81-84 (“Let us imitate . . . have left”) 10 disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
mammals.
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
Te
42
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
AT O
15
ng
us , A
40
cl AT
B) sympathetic.
e
D) apprehensive.
O
change in climate.
The new evidence comes in the form of
geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25
25 archaeological sites across North America—9 of
them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the
team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an
extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of
glass and carbon, and amounts of the element
30 iridium said to be too high to have originated on
Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of
carbonized material, which the team says are the
remains of wildfires that swept across the continent
after the impact.
Passage 2
35 Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact
hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence
for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element
iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),
microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and
40 magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly 90 perilous process,” he contends, adding that the
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just
sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and
fields, however, who either did not detect such magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator
evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their
45 than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that 95 disappearance.
nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological
formations, and that magnetic particles could come
from ordinary fires. 43
Now comes what some researchers consider the
50 strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact Which choice provides the best support for the claim
hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the that the impact hypothesis is not the only possible
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a explanation for the sudden change in Earth’s
team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at climate?
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas, A) Lines 8-12 (“The team . . . mammals”)
55 looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the
Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which B) Lines 15-17 (“A change . . . Dryas”)
:
by
impact advocates have reported evidence for a C) Lines 23-26 (“The new . . . Clovis”)
se
ha
cosmic collision. They include sites in which D) Lines 26-28 (“Certain . . . impact”)
rc
om
l.c
60
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
Te
ia ba
.c the
-P
AT O
t
ng
hypothesis?
eS &
iv P
em
us , A
cl AT
12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier ice cap contains high levels of iridium and has
Ex S
e
years. Dryas.
n
ai
45 48
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
According to Passage 1, the team of scientists Which choice provides the best evidence for the
believes that the black carbonized material found in answer to the previous question?
certain sedimentary layers was caused by which
phenomenon following a cosmic collision? A) Lines 35-41 (“Proponents . . . ago”)
B) Lines 41-45 (“These . . . impact”)
A) Climate cooling
C) Lines 45-48 (“For example . . . fires”)
B) Mass extinctions
D) Lines 62-69 (“The team . . . years”)
C) Rapidly spreading fires
D) Iridium deposits
49
The phrase “more nuanced” (line 78) contrasts most
46
directly with which word in Meltzer’s quoted
As used in line 42, “sharply” most nearly means remarks in lines 70-77?
A) suddenly. A) “theoretical”
:
by
se
B) promptly. B) “simple”
ha
rc
om
C) strongly. C) “complex”
Pu
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
D) deliberately. D) “broad”
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
47 50
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
le
AT O
t
ng
Based on Passage 2, Meltzer and his team relied on Which statement best describes the relationship
eS &
6
I
Si
iv P
em
us , A
what evidence to challenge the Younger Dryas between the two passages?
40
re
cl AT
impact hypothesis?
Ex S
B) The discovery of additional Clovis artifacts in a addressed by the central hypothesis developed in
O
51 52
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The authors of both passages characterize the impact If Meltzer’s findings (Passage 2) are accurate, what
hypothesis as can most reasonably be inferred about the glass and
carbon spherules mentioned in the last paragraph of
A) unsupported by reliable evidence. Passage 1?
B) interesting but difficult to conclusively evaluate.
A) They could have been formed at a time other
C) more appealing to the public than to specialists. than the beginning of the Younger Dryas.
D) controversial in the scientific community. B) They are a product of the global cooling that
occurred during the Younger Dryas period.
C) They were found in highest concentrations at
Clovis archaeological sites.
D) They may have played some role in the tool
: technology of the Clovis people.
by
se
ha
rc
om
Pu
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
le
AT O
t
ng
eS &
6
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em
us , A
40
re
cl AT
Ex S
e
or
M
n
ai
bt
O
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.
Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you
will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in
sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising
and editing decisions.
:
by
se
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
ha
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
rc
om
Pu
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
u
ac P
a
le
AT O
t
ng
passage as it is.
eS &
6
I
Si
iv P
em
us , A
40
re
cl AT
Ex S
e
or
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
with the 400 graduates, many people had come to hear At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
the words of that year’s commencement speaker, the
The university was established by royal charter
Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 3 Furthermore, in 1948.
the Jamaican audience was familiar with Dr. King’s Should the writer make this addition here?
ongoing campaign for civil rights in the United States A) Yes, because it provides necessary historical
context that sets up the passage’s narrative.
through newspaper reports and television broadcasts, and
B) Yes, because it clarifies that commencement
the effect of seeing Dr. King ascend to the podium just ceremonies were relatively new at the University
feet away from where they stood was thrilling. The day’s of the West Indies.
C) No, because it needlessly interrupts the
4 preceding not only inspired the audience but also discussion of Dr. King’s visit with an irrelevant
detail.
:
by
om
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
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0
k
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3
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
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a
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AT O
t
A) NO CHANGE
ng
eS &
6
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us , A
B) As a result,
40
re
cl AT
C) By contrast,
Ex S
e
or
capitalization as needed.
ai
bt
O
4
A) NO CHANGE
B) precedents
C) proceedings
D) procedures
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
to speak passionately about challenges common to A) NO CHANGE
Jamaica and the United States. At the time, both B) notes;
C) notes—
countries were on the cusp of great change. Jamaica,
D) notes.
6 which would have achieved independence from
Great Britain less than three years earlier, was in the
6
process of forming a 7 government. For both countries,
A) NO CHANGE
the quest for political and social rights was laden with B) which achieves
setbacks. Fixing his gaze on the graduating seniors, C) which will have achieved
D) having achieved
Dr. King declared that the present generation must
:
by
7
ha
om
l.c
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
challenges of the future. For Dr. King, Jamaica’s newly government; the United States, meanwhile, was
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
om r
hi an
citizens.
u
ac P
a
le
AT O
t
ng
eS &
us , A
40
re
cl AT
8
A) NO CHANGE
B) for the facing of
C) in facing
D) through facing
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
inspired unity. Years later, when asked by reporters what Which choice most effectively combines the
underlined sentences?
they remembered most, many audience members cited
A) Dr. King spoke about unity by inspiring it that
the same moment in the speech. They all recalled that day.
Dr. King had said, “If it falls to our luck to be street- B) Though speaking about unity that day, Dr. King
actually inspired it.
sweepers, sweep the streets like Raphael painted pictures,
C) Speaking about unity, however, Dr. King also
like Michelangelo carved marble. . . . Sweep the streets so inspired it.
well that all the hosts of heaven and earth would have to D) Dr. King did not just speak about unity that day:
he inspired it.
pause and say, ‘Here lived a great street sweeper.’” For
10 people, building a new nation, these words were 10
:
by
om
Pu
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
D) people; building
H
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so
Te
ia ba
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hi an
u
ac P
a
11
le
AT O
t
ng
iv P
us , A
40
re
Chaos or Community?, Dr. King envisions a world in discussion in the previous paragraph?
cl AT
Ex S
e
B) reporters
n
ai
C) the audience
O
by all nations.
D) those who spoke with him
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A) NO CHANGE
The Theater Duke B) Saxe-Meiningen—established
When Georg II—duke of a small German C) Saxe-Meiningen, established
D) Saxe-Meiningen established
principality called 12 Saxe-Meiningen established—a
local theater in 1866, he oversaw every aspect of each
13
production. 13 This high degree of involvement was
Which choice most effectively sets up the
unusual: while many principalities had court theaters, a information that follows in the sentence?
duke would usually appoint a director to oversee the A) NO CHANGE
plays. Georg not only supervised the plays but also B) Georg had been interested in the arts from a
young age:
exercised full artistic control over them. Directors at the
:
by
time exerted little creative influence, giving actors free cultural center:
ha
rc
om
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
s
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00 Sy lia2 aj C
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so
Te
ia ba
0
14
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
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AT O
t
of greater stage realism and ultimately helping to Which choice provides the best transition from the
ng
eS &
6
I
Si
iv P
previous paragraph?
em
us , A
40
cl AT
A) NO CHANGE
Ex S
when the theater company visited Berlin to perform C) Georg had to implement many staging changes
ai
bt
O
Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, captivating the metropolitan D) Georg’s work as a director was on full display
audience. When the curtain rose at 7 p.m. on May 1,
1874, the audience was immediately amazed by the 15
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 stage. As audience members marveled at the The writer is considering revising the underlined
portion to the following.
authentic-looking scenery, actors portraying Roman
stage, while a backdrop painted with images of
citizens streamed onto the stage, each bedecked in columns and fig trees provided the optical
distinctive clothing, footwear, and 17 with headdresses. illusion of depth.
Should the writer make this revision?
A trumpet then signaled the entrance of 18 Caesar. His
A) Yes, because it supports the claim in the previous
glittering toga and armor made him instantly
sentence that the sets were modeled on Roman
distinguishable. The audience members were so delighted originals.
that they broke into applause before a word was even B) Yes, because it further illustrates the spectacle
that impressed audience members.
uttered. “I could have believed myself back in ancient C) No, because it unnecessarily repeats information
about the columns already mentioned in the
:
by
sentence.
ha
rc
om
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
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so
Te
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17
om r
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.c the
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A) NO CHANGE
ng
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B) wearing headdresses.
40
re
cl AT
C) in headdresses.
Ex S
e
or
D) headdresses.
M
n
ai
bt
O
18
Which choice most effectively combines the
sentences at the underlined portion?
A) Caesar: it was his glittering toga and armor that
made him instantly distinguishable.
B) Caesar being instantly distinguishable because of
his glittering toga and armor.
C) Caesar, who was instantly distinguishable by his
glittering toga and armor.
D) Caesar; instantly, his glittering toga and armor
became distinguishable.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
different from those used in Shakespeare’s time. For Which choice provides the best introduction to the
paragraph?
example, he set the stage for the climactic murder of
A) NO CHANGE
Caesar by arranging the crowd of conspiring Romans in a
B) Some audience members were less enthusiastic
circle surrounding Caesar, thereby suggesting the about the new style.
inescapability of the ruler’s fate. He also carefully C) Georg choreographed the play’s action with
equal intricacy.
orchestrated the chaotic moments following the murder, D) The play emphasizes Caesar’s influence over the
when the crowd spins out of control. Georg split the Roman people.
more realistic.
B) units, assigning
se
ha
C) units; assigning
rc
om
Pu
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
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AT O
t
ng
eS &
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or
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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
revolution,” a theater critic 21 wondered of this A) NO CHANGE
climactic scene; the same can perhaps be said of Georg’s B) presumed
C) sensed
achievement overall. The play was a hit, launching the
D) observed
duke’s group on a seventeen-year tour, during which it
delivered over 2,000 performances in venues throughout
22
Europe. Inspiring directors around the continent to
A) NO CHANGE
design and execute more unified, detailed productions, B) Georg’s posthumous title was “The Theater
Duke.”
22 the title Georg was dubbed with was “The Theater
C) “The Theater Duke” was a title posthumously
Duke.” given to Georg.
:
Duke.”
ha
rc
om
Pu
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
.c the
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u
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a
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AT O
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eS &
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40
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Ex S
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or
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O
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
and supplementary material.
A) NO CHANGE
B) one’s
Free to Sing
C) their
For centuries Japanese bird enthusiasts have bred D) his or her
white-rumped munias, brown finches with tufts of white
feathers, for 23 its plumage. Generations of this selective 24
breeding have produced a new species: the Bengalese A) NO CHANGE
B) finch, which exists
24 finch; while existing only in captivity. Such breeding
C) finch, it exists
was intended to produce certain physical qualities in the
D) finch; existing
domesticated finches, but it also had an unintended
:
by
25
ha
rc
om
A) NO CHANGE
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
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s
iM
C) consequence; increased
00 Sy lia2 aj C
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Te
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D) consequence. Increased
om r
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26
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A) NO CHANGE
e
or
M
D) relative to
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Kazuo Okanoya at first reasoned that finch song Which choice most effectively combines the
sentences at the underlined portion?
complexity was driven primarily by mate selection. He
A) female finches tend to choose males with loud,
found that 27 female finches tend to choose males with high-pitched, improvisational songs over those
loud, high-pitched, improvisational songs. These males with soft, low-pitched, predictable songs,
B) males with loud, high-pitched, improvisational
are chosen over those with soft, low-pitched, predictable songs tend to be ones chosen by female finches
songs, so breeders selecting reproductively successful over those with soft, low-pitched, predictable
songs,
birds must also have selected the most dynamic singers. C) loud, high-pitched, improvisational songs are
However, Berkeley anthropologist Terrence Deacon saw sung by males that female finches tend to choose
over those with soft, low-pitched, predictable
a contradiction in this idea: song complexity should songs,
D) choosing males with loud, high-pitched,
:
by
same species; 28 after all, it should not occur among low-pitched, predictable songs is what female
rc
om
Pu
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
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9 mp 03 ita
H
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n
so
28
Te
ia ba
0
k
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hi an
u
ac P
A) NO CHANGE
a
le
AT O
t
ng
eS &
B) instead,
Si
iv P
em
us , A
40
re
D) similarly,
e
29
white-rumped munias in three areas in Taiwan. At each
A) NO CHANGE
site, they 29 diagnosed flock composition (the
B) dissected
percentage of observed flocks that were “mixed,” C) traced
containing white-rumped munias and another species, D) analyzed
scaly-breasted munias) and measured the linearity of the
munias’ songs (a calculation based on the number of
elements in a song, where 1 is simple and 0 is complex).
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
0.1 point lower than that at the urban site or the Which choice best reflects the information presented
in figure 1?
agricultural site, indicating greater song complexity. At
A) NO CHANGE
the same time, 31 a lower percentage of flocks at the
B) more than 0.2 point lower than that at the urban
urban site were mixed than at the mountainous site. site or
Together, these data suggest that higher song complexity C) about the same as that at the urban site and
D) exactly 0.7 point higher than that at the urban
is associated with greater flock uniformity. site and
Figure 1
31
Munia Song Linearity
in Three Areas in Taiwan Which choice best reflects the data presented in
1.0 figure 2?
:
by
0.9
se
A) NO CHANGE
Linearity index
ha
rc
om
l.c
0.7
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
0.6
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00 Sy lia2 aj C
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Te
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0
k
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0.5
om r
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AT O
t
eS &
Area
6
I
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40
re
cl AT
Ex S
Figure 2
e
or
M
100
Percentage of observed
flocks that were mixed
80
60
40
20
0
mountainous urban agricultural
Area
Figures adapted from Hiroko Kagawa et al., “Ecological Correlates of
Song Complexity in White-Rumped Munias: The Implication of
Relaxation of Selection as a Cause for Signal Variation in Birdsong.”
©2012 by John Benjamins Publishing Company.
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
is subject to the pressure of the birds’ need to identify a A) NO CHANGE
mate of the same species; when this pressure is relaxed, B) indicates that—
C) indicates, that
song complexity increases rather than decreases. Such
D) indicates that
relaxation explains song complexity in the white-rumped
munia’s descendant, the domesticated Bengalese finch,
33
and 33 provides intriguing support for the idea that The writer wants a conclusion that places the
birdsong can evolve through a complex interaction of passage’s discussion within a larger scientific context.
Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
selective pressures.
A) NO CHANGE
B) suggests that white-rumped munias and other
birds do not have to be domesticated to develop
:
by
complex songs.
se
ha
om
Pu
l.c
ai
M ho @ lia
:
pressure.
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
Te
ia ba
0
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
u
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a
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AT O
t
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eS &
6
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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which choice provides supporting information
Eyes in the Sky about drones that is further developed in the
passage?
—1—
A) NO CHANGE
Precision agriculture, the use of technology and data B) along with training in how to operate them
analysis in farming, has a new tool at its disposal: the type properly,
C) with the critical information they provide about
of remote-controlled aerial vehicle commonly known as a harvests,
drone. Farmers looking to increase efficiency might D) despite criticism about them from consumer
advocates,
decide that drones, 34 which have already proven useful
to the film industry, are just what they need.
35
—2—
:
by
A) NO CHANGE
se
om
Pu
ai
M ho @ lia
:
C) should they irrigate, and should they use
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
chemical treatments?
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00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
0
Agricultural drones come equipped with a video or still- D) should they irrigate, and should they use
k
er
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
u
ac P
chemical treatments.
a
le
AT O
t
eS &
6
I
Si
iv P
em
us , A
cl AT
36
Ex S
sentence?
O
—3— 37
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Drones compare favorably with image-capturing A) NO CHANGE
satellites and piloted aircraft, other technologies that are B) and
C) and therefore
used to gain aerial views. Drones are less expensive,
D) and, because they
provide finer-grained images, 37 and they fly low to the
ground, can take pictures even on cloudy days. Jean
38
Hediger, whose family operates a 3,400-acre organic Which information about Hediger provides the most
grain farm in Colorado, can attest to the advantages of effective transition between the previous sentence
and the following sentence in the paragraph?
the technology. Hediger 38 acquired a drone after losing
A) NO CHANGE
half of her harvest in one year to weeds. She estimates B) considered acquiring a drone from Corey Jacobs,
who runs a farm in Indiana.
:
by
using less weed killer 39 will save her tens of thousands on drones.
rc
om
Pu
l.c
of dollars in future 40 years. Considerably more than the D) enjoys having an aerial view of her farm.
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
$7,000 she paid for the drone and any potential costs
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so
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39
om r
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u
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AT O
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A) NO CHANGE
eS &
6
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B) had saved
40
re
cl AT
C) are saving
Ex S
e
or
D) have saved
M
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O
40
A) NO CHANGE
B) years—considerably
C) years, this is considerably
D) years; considerably
—4— 41
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pilots who fly planes for crop dusting and other A) NO CHANGE
purposes 41 experience disquiet regarding the presence B) stew over
C) get all worked up about
of drones in the airspace above farms. Drones might be
D) worry about
accidentally flown into nearby tall objects such as cell
phone towers. Objections to drones may be 42 engaged
42
with regulations that require drone operators to keep
A) NO CHANGE
drones within sight at all times and that require lights on B) addressed
drones to ensure they are visible. C) encountered
: D) refuted
by
se
ha
rc
om
Pu
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
.c the
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a
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AT O
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eS &
6
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40
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—5— 43
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Despite these challenges, it is important for drones A) NO CHANGE
43 being integrated into the agricultural system. If they B) in being
C) to be
are used effectively, drones hold the promise of making
D) be
farms more productive and cost effective while
minimizing waste in water and chemical treatments,
Think about the previous passage as a whole as you
which could benefit farmers, consumers, and the answer question 44.
environment alike. 44
The writer wants to insert the following sentence.
Any discussion of agricultural drones must
Question 44 asks about the previous passage as a acknowledge the potential safety concerns
:
om
l.c
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
A) 2.
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
H
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s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
B) 3.
so
Te
ia ba
0
k
er
om r
hi an
C) 4.
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
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AT O
t
ng
D) 5.
eS &
6
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40
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Ex S
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or
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O
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.
Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding bubble on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to
the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. :
by
se
ha
om
Pu
l.c
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
H
U
s
iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
n
so
Te
om r
hi an
.c the
-P
u
ac P
a
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
le
AT O
t
ng
eS &
6
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40
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cl AT
Ex S
e
or
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n
ai
bt
!
s 45° s√2
O
r c 2x 60°
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = !w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr
h r r h h
h
w r w
! !
V = !wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 !wh
3 3 3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
1 4
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Juliet rented a car for one day from a company that Which of the following is an equation of the line in
charges $80 per day plus $0.15 per mile driven. If she the xy-plane that has slope 2 and passes through the
was charged a total of $98 for the rental and mileage,
for how many miles of driving was Juliet charged? point (0, 3) ?
(Assume there is no tax.) A) y = 2x + 3
A) 15 B) y = 2x − 3
B) 120 C) y = 2(x + 3)
C) 533
D) y = 2(x − 3)
D) 633
:
by
se
ha
rc
om
5
Pu
l.c
2
ge
ai
M ho @ lia
x + 4 = 12
:
nd m ny gm
on
sa
9 mp 03 ita
( 2 x + 6) + ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)
H
U
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iM
00 Sy lia2 aj C
st
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Te
ia ba
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f ( x ) = 2 ( x − 1) + 2
For the function f defined above, what is the value
of f (1) ?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 0
D) −1
6 8
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If 7(2x − 5) − 2(2x − 5) = 4(x + 5) , what is the M
V=
value of x ? D
The formula above relates volume V, mass M, and
A) 1 density D. What is density in terms of volume and
mass?
15 1
B) A) D =
2 MV
65 M
C) B) D =
6 V
D) 65 V
C) D =
M
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A) 3
B) 8
C) 12
D) 15
10 12
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
mν 2 = mgh 4v 2 + 6v + 1 = 0
2
Which of the following values is a solution to the
Torricelli’s law is given by the equation above, where equation above?
m represents the mass, h represents the height,
ν represents the velocity, and g is a constant. −3 + 5
According to the equation from Torricelli’s law, A)
4
which of the following is equivalent to the
velocity, ν ? −3 + 13
B)
4
A) 2gh
3+ 5
C)
4
1
B) ghm2
2 3 + 13
D)
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11
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............................................................
What is the sum of the complex numbers 6 + 5i and
8 + 3i 2 ? (Note: i = −1 )
A) 11 + 5i
B) 14 − 2i
C) 14 + 8i 3
D) 17 + 5i
15
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answer.
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201 201
NOTE:
You may start your
answers in any column,
space permitting.
Columns you don’t
need to use should be
left blank.
16 18
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
y 3m + 2p = 24
m + p = 10
20
If (m1, p1) is the solution to the system of equations
15 above, what is the value of p1 ?
y = f(x)
10
5
x
O
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
–5
19
The graph of the cubic function f is shown in the 4x − 5y = 2
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the line?
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or
5(x + a) + 3(x 2 − a) = 3x 2 + 5x + 4
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STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.
Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding bubble on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to
the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. :
by
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2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
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3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
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5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
t
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!
s 45°
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2x 60° s√2
r h c x
w b
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = !w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr
h r r h h
h
w r w
! !
V = !wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 !wh
3 3 3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
1 3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5(x − 3) = 10x + 5 1
If y = x + and z = 2x − 3 , which of the following is
What value of x satisfies the equation above? 2
A) −4 equivalent to y + yz ?
B) 1
A) 2x 2 − x − 1
C) 5
D) 15 B) 2x 2 − x − 2
1
C) 2x 2 − x −
2
3
D) 2x 2 − 2x −
2
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1 km
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1 km
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Jerome use?
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A) 0.0014
B) 1.8
A student walks x kilometers (km) along a straight C) 180
path from point P to point Q. Then the student walks D) 720
y km along a straight path from point Q to point R.
What is the total distance, x + y , in km, that the
student walks?
A) 2.0
B) 3.5
C) 5.5
D) 8.0
5 7
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A scientist conducted an experiment and selected a Raymond’s weekly income consists of a base salary
random sample of runners from a list of all high for a 40-hour workweek plus overtime pay. The
school track participants from a certain city. The overtime pay is paid at an hourly rate for the time
scientist randomly assigned each runner to one of that Raymond works in addition to his 40-hour
two treatment groups, and the results of the workweek. Raymond’s weekly income, in dollars, can
experiment were found to be statistically significant. be represented by the expression 800 + 30x , where x
To which of the following populations can the results
is the total number of hours Raymond works over
of the experiment be safely generalized?
40 hours. Which of the following is the best
A) All high school athletes interpretation of the number 800 in this context?
B) All high school track participants from the city A) Raymond’s base weekly salary, in dollars
C) All high school track participants from the B) Raymond’s total overtime pay for the workweek,
country in dollars
D) All runners C) The total number of hours in a year that
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40-hour workweeks
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workweek
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9 11
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
On November 1st, there were 2,500 boxes in a Future Value of an Investment after
warehouse. On December 1st, there were 15% fewer 20 Years for Different Interest Rates
boxes in the warehouse than there were on
$60,000
November 1st. On January 1st, there were 20% more
boxes in the warehouse than there were on $50,000
December 1st. How many boxes were in the
Future value
$40,000
warehouse on January 1st?
$30,000
A) 1,700 $20,000
B) 2,125
$10,000
C) 2,550
$0
D) 2,625 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Annual interest rate
compounded daily
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compounded annually
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Jonathan needs to earn at least $175 next week and 20 years. One graph shows the value when the
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his lawn service job and $8 per hour at his job at the
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gym. Which of the following systems of inequalities annually. Which of the following statements is true?
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represents this situation in terms of the number of A) As r increases at a constant rate, v increases
e
or
hours he will work at his lawn service job, , and the more rapidly if interest is compounded annually
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number of hours he will work at his job at the gym, g, rather than daily.
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next week?
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13
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 12-14 refer to the following information. What is the value of t in the equation that models
this situation?
For gym class, Shayla completed a 4-mile walking and 7
A)
50
running exercise. She ran for 7t miles and she walked for
7
B)
13 20
3 − t miles, where t is the total amount of time,
15
31
C)
in hours, Shayla spent running. The equation 60
13 13
7t + 3 − t = 4 models this situation. D)
15
by
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D) 10.53
15 16
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which of the following is a graph of a system of P = P0 + ρgh
equations with no solution?
The equation above gives the total pressure, P, on an
A) y object submerged in a fluid, where P0 is the pressure
at the fluid’s surface, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is
the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth to
which the object is submerged. What is h in terms of
P, P0, ρ , and g ?
x
ρg
A)
P − P0
P − P0
B)
ρg
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B) y P + P0
C)
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D) y
18 20
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Female Male Total x−3 =3− x
Blue eyes 2 4 6
Brown eyes 8 6 14 If x is the solution to the equation above, what is the
Green eyes 1 5 6 value of x − 3 ?
Total 11 15 26
A) 1
Sierra recorded the gender and eye color of all the
students in her biology class. The results are shown
in the table above. If a male student is selected at 3
B)
random from Sierra’s biology class, what is the 2
probability that he will have brown eyes?
2 C) 3
A)
3
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19
Kelly enlarged the area of a photograph to 250% of
its original size. The original dimensions of the
photograph were 5 inches by 7 inches. What is the
area of the enlarged photograph, in square inches?
A) 71.25
B) 87.5
C) 218.75
D) 3,000
21
ground
In the figure above, X is a mark on the side of a tire of a car at rest. The
car, starting from rest, will experience an acceleration for some period
of time. Which of the following graphs could represent the distance
between the mark X and the ground after the car starts to accelerate
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Distance
Distance
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Time Time
22 23
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
y A
5
y = f(x)
B E
3
1
x
O 1
C 9 D
The graph of the function f is shown in the xy-plane
In the figure above, △ACD is a right triangle and BE
above. The function f is defined by the equation is parallel to CD . What is the perimeter of △ACD to
a
:
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A) 29.7
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25 26
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Two independent surveys asked random samples of During an ice age, the average annual global
500 people about the distances they commute to temperature was at least 4 degrees Celsius lower than
work each day. The results of the surveys are detailed the modern average. If the average annual
in the table below. temperature of an ice age is y degrees Celsius and the
modern average annual temperature is x degrees
Daily Commuting Distance Celsius, which of the following must be true?
Standard
Mean A) y = x − 4
Survey deviation
(miles)
(miles) B) y ≤ x + 4
A 13.9 1.5
C) y ≥ x − 4
B 15.1 1.5
D) y ≤ x − 4
Which statement is true based on the results of these
surveys?
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27 28
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
y Maximum Speed versus Maximum Height
m of 12 Roller Coasters
130
120
110
Speed (mph)
100
90
80
1
70
x
O 1 60
140 180 220 260 300 340 380 420
Height (ft)
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an equation of line ?
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A) 5x + 3y + 3 = 0
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A) s = 0.21h + 32
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B) 5x − 3y + 3 = 0
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C) 3x − 5y + 15 = 0
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29 30
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Selena created a scale model of an airplane Hongbo sold x cell phones in 2013. The number of
where 1 centimeter on the model equals 6 meters cell phones he sold in 2014 was 128% greater than in
on the airplane. The wingspan of the model is 2013, and the number of cell phones he sold in 2015
10.7 centimeters. Selena wants to make a new was 29% greater than in 2014. Which of the following
model where a scale of 1 centimeter on the model expressions represents the number of cell phones
equals 3 meters on the airplane. Which of the Hongbo sold in 2015?
following best describes how the wingspan of the
new model will compare to the wingspan of the first A) (0.29)(1.28x)
model? B) (0.29)(2.28x)
C) (1.29)(1.28x)
A) The wingspan of the new model will be
D) (1.29)(2.28x)
3 centimeters shorter than the first model. :
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answer.
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201 201
NOTE:
You may start your
answers in any column,
space permitting.
Columns you don’t
need to use should be
left blank.
31 34
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Anna was 99 centimeters tall the day she turned Monthly Enrollments in Art Classes
3 years old, and she was 106.5 centimeters tall the day Community
she turned 4 years old. If Anna’s height increases by Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
center
the same amount each year between the ages of 2 and A 124 111 98 82 77 152 133
8, how many centimeters tall will she be the day she
B 465 407 391 354 365 511 495
turns 7 years old?
The table above shows monthly enrollments in art
classes at two community centers for 7 consecutive
months. Based on the table, by how much does the
median monthly enrollment in community center B
exceed the median monthly enrollment in
community center A for the 7 months?
32
:
by
Percent of
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Car color
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registered cars
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Blue 7%
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table, how many more white cars than black cars are
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registered in Town X? 5
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33
3x + 2y = 16
36
6x + 2y = 28
In the xy-plane, the graph of y = x 2 + bx + c , where b
If the system of equations above has solution (x, y),
what is the value of x + y ? and c are constants, has x-intercepts at x = −2 and
x = −6. What is the value of b ?
37 .....................................................................................................................................................................
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STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.
Essay
The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and
comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. In your
essay, you should demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully,
present a clear and logical analysis, and use language precisely.
Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer booklet ;
except for the Planning Page of the answer booklet, you will receive no other
paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line,
avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember
:
by
that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write.
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Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers.
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1. Do not write your essay in this booklet. Only what you write
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You have 50 minutes (standard time) to read the passage and write an essay in response to
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As you read the passage below, consider how Arthur Schlesinger Jr. uses
1 The proposal of a single six-year Presidential term has been around for a long time.
High-minded men have urged it from the beginning of the Republic. The
Constitutional Convention turned it down in 1787, and recurrent efforts to put it in
the Constitution have regularly failed in the two centuries since. Quite right: It is a
terrible idea for a number of reasons, among them that it is at war with the
philosophy of democracy.
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2 The basic argument for the one-term, six-year Presidency is that the quest for
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re-election is at the heart of our problems with self-government. The desire for
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re-election, it is claimed, drives Presidents to do things they would not otherwise do.
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It leads them to make easy promises and to postpone hard decisions. A single six-
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year term would liberate Presidents from the pressures and temptations of politics.
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Instead of worrying about re-election, they would be free to do only what was best for
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3 The argument is superficially attractive. But when you think about it, it is profoundly
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else what is best for the country and that the people are so wrongheaded and ignorant
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that Presidents should be encouraged to disregard their wishes. It assumes that the
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less responsive a President is to popular desires and needs, the better President he
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will be. It assumes that the democratic process is the obstacle to wise decisions.
4 The theory of American democracy is quite the opposite. It is that the give-and-take
of the democratic process is the best source of wise decisions. It is that the President’s
duty is not to ignore and override popular concerns but to acknowledge and heed
them. It is that the President’s accountability to the popular will is the best guarantee
that he will do a good job.
6 Few things have a more tonic effect on a President’s sensitivity to public needs and
hopes than the desire for re-election. “A President immunized from political
considerations,” Clark Clifford told the Senate Judiciary Committee when it was
considering the proposal some years ago, “is a President who need not listen to the
people, respond to majority sentiment or pay attention to views that may be diverse,
intense and perhaps at variance with his own. . . . Concern for one’s own political
future can be a powerful stimulus to responsible and responsive performance in
office.” . . .
8 Jefferson, after initially favoring a single seven-year term, thought more carefully and
changed his mind. Seven years, he concluded, were “too long to be irremovable”;
“service for eight years with a power to remove at the end of the first four” was the
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way to do it. Woodrow Wilson agreed, observing that a six-year term is too long for a
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poor President and too short for a good one and that the decision belongs to the
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people. “By seeking to determine by fixed constitutional provision what the people
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are perfectly competent to determine by themselves,” Wilson said in 1913, “we cast a
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A single six-year term would release Presidents from the test of submitting their
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records to the voters. It would enshrine the “President-knows-best” myth, which has
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already got us into sufficient trouble as a nation. It would be a mighty blow against
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Founding Fathers were everlastingly right when they turned down this well-
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Write an essay in which you explain how Arthur Schlesinger Jr. builds an
argument to persuade his audience that the presidential term should not be a
single six-year term. In your essay, analyze how Schlesinger uses one or more
of the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to
strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your
analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Schlesinger’s claims,
but rather explain how Schlesinger builds an argument to persuade his
audience.
As you read the passage below, consider how Marilyn Johnson uses
Adapted from Marilyn Johnson, “U.S. Public Libraries: We Lose Them at Our
Peril.” ©2010 by Los Angeles Times. Originally published July 6, 2010.
2 These actions have nothing to do with whether the libraries are any good or whether
the staff provides useful service to the community. This country’s largest circulating
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library, in Queens, N.Y., was named the best system in the U.S. last year by Library
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Journal. Its budget is due to shrink by a third. Los Angeles libraries are being slashed,
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and beginning this week, the doors will be locked two days a week and at least
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100 jobs cut. And until it got a six-month reprieve June 23, Siskiyou County almost
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became California’s only county without a public library. Such cuts and close calls are
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happening across the country. We won’t miss a third of our librarians and branch
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libraries the way we’d miss a third of our firefighters and firehouses, the rationale
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3 I’ve spent four years following librarians as they deal with the tremendous increase in
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information and the many ways we receive it. They’ve been adapting as capably as
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any profession, managing our public computers and serving growing numbers of
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patrons, but it seems that their work has been all but invisible to those in power. I’ve
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talked to librarians whose jobs have expanded with the demand for computers and
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training, and because so many other government services are being cut. The people
left in the lurch have looked to the library, where kind, knowledgeable professionals
help them navigate the government bureaucracy, apply for benefits, access social
services. Public officials will tell you they love libraries and are committed to them;
they just don’t believe they constitute a “core” service. . . .
4 The people who welcome us to the library are idealists, who believe that accurate
information leads to good decisions and that exposure to the intellectual riches of
civilization leads to a better world. The next Abraham Lincoln could be sitting in
their library, teaching himself all he needs to know to save the country. While they
help us get online, employed and informed, librarians don’t try to sell us anything.
Nor do they turn around and broadcast our problems, send us spam or keep a
record of our interests and needs, because no matter how savvy this profession is at
navigating the online world, it clings to that old-fashioned value, privacy. (A
profession dedicated to privacy in charge of our public computers? That’s brilliant.)
They represent the best civic value out there, an army of resourceful workers that can
help us compete in the world.
6 Those lucky enough to live in those towns, or those who own computers, or have
high-speed Internet service and on-call technical assistance, will not notice the effects
of a diminished public library system—not at first. Whizzes who can whittle down
15 million hits on a Google search to find the useful and accurate bits of info, and
those able to buy any book or article or film they want, will escape the immediate
consequences of these cuts.
7 Those in cities that haven’t preserved their libraries, those less fortunate and baffled
by technology, and our children will be the first to suffer. But sooner or later, we’ll
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all feel the loss as one of the most effective levelers of privilege and avenues of
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to persuade her audience that public libraries should not lose funding. In your
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Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Johnson’s claims, but
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