Social Science

2021-22

“ಭರವಸೆಯ ಬೆಳಕು”
Famous Declarations
1. “Untouchability is a heinous expression of caste system & is a leprosy attached to
Hindu skin”……..Gandhiji
2. „Education as a public property‟……..B R Ambedkar
3. “All the natives of Hindustan are completely corrupt”……..Lord Cornwallis
4. “Division of Labour creates less skilled workers”….. Karl Marx.
5. Development of its villages is the true development of India……Gandhiji
6. „Back to Vedas‟…. Dayananda Saraswathi
7. “Swaraj is My Birth Right. I would definitely get it back”…….BalGangadhar Tilak
8. Give me your blood; I‟ll get you Indian Independence…... Subhash Chandra Bose

Important Entrepreneurships
Entrepreneurships Founder
Apollo Hospitals. Dr. Pratap Reddy
Jet Airways. Naresh Goyal
Infosys Technologies Ltd. Narayan Murthy
Amul milk & products Varghese Kurien
Reliance Company Dhirubai Ambani
Wipro Technologies Azim Premji
Balaji Tele Films” Ekta Kpoor
Biocon Ltd. Kiran Mazumdar Shah

Persons & Titles

Titles Persons
Father of White Revolution Varghese Kurien
Queen of Indian Television sector Ekta Kpoor
Shwetha Saraswathi Annie Besant
Architect of Indian Constitution B R Ambedkar
The wagh Dondiya
Tiger of Mysore Tippu Sultan
Iron Man of India Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
Nethaji Subhash Chandra Bose

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 1

 Pre monsoon rain in different names.
Pre – Monsoon Rain States
Mango Showers Kerala
Coffee Blossoms Karnataka
Kalabaisaki. West Bengal
Andhis. Uttar Pradesh

Famous books & Authors

Books Authors
Sathyarta Prakash Dayananda Saraswathi
Gulamgiri Jyothirao Phule
Geetharahasya Balgangadhar Tilak
Republic Plato

Famous Newspapers & publishers

Newspapers Publishers
Samvada Kaumudi Rajaram Mohan Roy
Janata & Mookanayak. B R Ambedkar
Maratha & Kesari Balgangadhar Tilak
Young India & Harijan Gandhiji.

Expected Articles
Article Significance
 Advocates for a foreign policy.
Article 51
 Establishing international peace.
Article 17  Prohibits Untouchability.
 Free and compulsory education to all.
Article 21A
 Education is fundamental right of the children.

Important Organizations
Organization
Brahmo samaj
Pratrhana Samaj
Satyashodhak Samaj
Arya Samaj
Theosophical Society
Ramakrishna Mission
Aligarh Movement
Dharma ParipalanaYogam
Founder
Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Atmaram Panduranga.
Jyothiba Phule.
Dayananda Saraswathi.
Madam Blavatsky & Col. Alcott.
Swamy Vivekananda
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
Sri Narayana Guru.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 2

 Expected Events
Event Year
Declaration of Human Rights 10th December 1948
Celebration of International Consumer‟s day 15th March

Years War Treaty

1769 First Anglo Mysore War „Madras Treaty‟.
1782 First Anglo Maratha War „Salbai Agreement‟
1784 Second Anglo Mysore War Mangalore Treaty
1792 Third Anglo Mysore War Srirangapatna Treaty

Vegetation Important Trees

Tropical Evergreen forest
Tropical Deciduous forest
Mangrove forest
Desert vegetation
Mountain forest
Teak, Rosewood, Ebony, Mahogany, Gurjan and Champa.
Teak, Sal,Sandalwood, Kusum, Kanju, Myrobalan, Siris,
Mango, Neem, Tamrind
Rhizophora, Canes, Screw pipe, Palms, Sundari
Jhand, Khair, Kolko, Babul, Cacti and Khejra
Oak, Chestnut, Ash, Beech, Pine, Cedar, Spruce, Fir, Deodar
and Walnut

National Parks State National Parks State

Kaziranga Assam Kanha Madhya Pradesh
Sundarban West Bengal Sariska Rajsthan
Corbett Uttarkhand Dhudhawa Uttar Pradesh
Gir Gujarat) Todoba Maharastra
Bandipur, Banerghatta and Nagara Hole Karnataka

Europeans Head quarters Governors Policy

Portuguese Goa Lord Wellesley Subsidiary Alliance
Dutch Machalipatnam Lord Dalhousie Doctrine of Lapse
British Kolkata/ Chennai Lord Cornwallis Civil Services
French Pondicherry Lord Cornwallis Police system
R.M. Bird & James Thomson Mahalwari system
Lord Cornwallis Permanent Zamindari
Alexander Reed & Thomas
Ryotwari system
Monroe
William Bentinck Sati Abolition Act
Lord Curzon Division of Bengal

Forums Amount they deal

District Forum. less than Rs. 20 lakhs
State Commission Rs. 20 lakhs to one crores
National Commission More than Rs. one crores.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 3

 Self-Employment Opportunities
Wild life sanctuary State
for Entrepreneurs
Annamalai and Madumalai Tamil Nadu Advertising Agencies
Dandeli, Bhadra, Talakaveri, B.R. Hills Karnataka Photo copying centers
Periyar Kerala Beauty Parlors
Nagarjunasagar Telangana Internet Browsing
Bharathpur and Rathambor Rajasthan Marketing Consultancy
Manas Assam Industrial Consultancy
Jaldapara West Bengal Industrial Testing Labs

First In India
First Europeans to enter India. Portuguese
First Governor General of British India Warren Hastings
First viceroy of Portuguese Francisco de almeida
First law minister B R Ambedkar
First Prime Minister Jawahar lal Nehru
First Governor General of Independent India Mount Batten
First Indian Governor General of India C Rajagopalachari
First President of India Babu Rajendra Prasad
First President of Indian National Congress A O Hume
First home minister of free India Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel
First railway line in India Bombay to Thane
First modern cotton textile industry Mumbai
First paper mill Serampur

Difference between
Andaman Nicobar islands Lakshadweep islands
 They are in Bay of Bengal.  They are in Arabian Sea.
 Volcanic islands.  Coral islands.
 204 islands.  43 islands.

Labour With Pay Labour Without Pay

 Gets wages & salary  Not get wages & salary.
 Work for money.  Work for self-satisfaction.

Organized labour Unorganized labour

 Work in organized sectors.  Work in unorganized sectors
 Have fixed wages.  Do not have fixed wages.
 Have fixed time for work.  No fixed time for work.
 Have medical facilities.  No medical facility.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 4

 Red Soil Black soil
 Red in colour.  Black in colour.
 No clay content.  High clay content.
 Found in Deccan trap.  Found in M P, Maharashtra etc.

Western Ghats Eastern Ghats

 Western side  Eastern side.
 Closer to sea.  Not closer to sea.
 Higher & continuous.  Not higher & continuous.
 Not separated.  Separated.

Western Coast Eastern Coast

 Lies in western side.  Lies in eastern side.
 Near to Arabian Sea.  Near to Bay of Bengal.
 Between Arabian Sea and  Between Bay of Bengal
western Ghats. and Eastern Ghats.

Khariff Cropping Season Rabi Cropping Season

 Grown in rainy season.  Grown in winter season.
 Sow in June- July.  Sow in October-November.
 Harvest in September – October  Harvest in February-March.
 Paddy, Ragi - main crops  Wheat, Barley - main crops.

Underdeveloped Countries. Developed Countries.

 Low national income.
 Unemployment.
 Over population.
 Low literacy rate.
 Less medical facility.
 High national income.
 More employment.
 Limited population.
 High literacy rate.
 More medical facility.

City & Titles/Nickname Rivers & Sorrows

Kochi Queen of Arabian Sea. River Kosi Sorrow of Bihar
Silent valley Kerala. River Damodar Sorrow of Bengal
Bangalore Silicon City. River Mahanadi Sorrow of Odissa.
Kolkata Tea port of India.
New Mangaluru Gateway of Karnataka”.
1. Gateway of India.
Mumbai 2. Cotton polis of India.
3. Manchester of India.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 5

 One mark questions
1. What is foreign policy?
13. What is meant by Imperialism?
 Policy adopted by a nation while
 A sovereign country to take over
dealing with other nation.
another sovereign country for its
2. What is National income? personal gains.
 Total production of goods and services
14. What do you mean by a sovereign
of a country during one year.
country?
3. What is unemployment?  Country which is not under any
 Non availability of job. other country’s control.

4. What is disarmament? 15. What is soil erosion?

 Process of elimination of specific arms  Removal of top soil by natural
step by step. agents.

5. What is Decentralization? 16. What is women empowerment?

 Providing administrative power and  Process where the women can take
the responsibility of developing the independent decisions in all the
village to the people themselves fields.

6. What is Social stratification? 17. Who is called as King of Market?

 Classifying people as superior &  Consumer.
inferior based on caste, income etc. 18. Who introduced Dual Govt?
7. What is Dual Government?  Robert Clive.
 System in which the British collected 19. Who established fort William college?
land taxes, & the Nawab looked after  Lord Cornwallis
administration like justice.
20. Why did bedas of Halagali rebel
8. Why Dondiya is called wagh? against British?
 Due to his bravery  Bedas were asked to surrender their
9. What is a Mob? firearms.
 Temporary assembly of people at a 21. What is a Diwani Adalath?
specific place.  A civil court
10. Division of labour. 22. Who advocated Drain Theory?
 Work being done by people depending  Dadabhai Naoroji.
on their skill, age etc
23. Who said Truth is God?
11. What is underdevelopment?  Gandhiji.
 Backwardness and stagnant situation.
24. Which place has recorded highest
12. What is meant by social inequality? temperature in India?
 It is the unequal social opportunities.  Ganganagar

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 2 Mark questions (Learn Any 4 points)
1. What was the economic importance of 7. What are the measures for conservation
peninsular plateau? of forest?
 Rich minerals.  Planting saplings.
 Birth place of many rivers.  Sowing seeds.
 Cultivation of Cotton.  Control of grazing.
 Thick forests.  Protecting trees from diseases.
 Rich bio-diversity.  Preventing illegal cutting.
 Generation of HEP.  Creating awareness.
2. Which are the factors that influence the 8. What are the aims of Indian foreign policy?
climate of India?  National Security.
 Latitude.  Enriching national economy.
 Mountain ranges.  Spreading the cultural richness.
 Ocean currents  Increasing friendly countries.
 Direction of winds.  Achieving World Peace.
 Height from the sea level. 9. Fall of Constantinople led to the
 Distance from the sea. discovery of new sea route to India.
4. What are the effects of soil erosion? Justify.
 Accumulation of silt.  Fall of Constantinople.
 Rivers cause floods.  Demand for Indian spices.
 River change course.  Scientific inventions.
 Loss of fertility.  Closer of trade between India & Europe.
 Low Ground water level. 10. Mention the effects of communalism
 Vegetation dries up.  Creates hatredness.
 Drought increases.  Breaks unity.
5. List out the methods of soil conservation  Creates fear.
 Afforestation.  Disturbs the peace.
 Contour farming.  Destroys the property.
 Contour bonding.  Leads to Physical combat.
 Gully control. 11. What are the effects of terrorism?
 Bench terracing.  Creates fear.
 Construction of check dams  Creates violence.
 Affects negatively.
6. What are the causes for the destruction  Damage to men & materials.
Of forests?  Creates psychological pain.
 Animal grazing. 12. “Scientific developments led to sea
 Forest fire. Voyages.” Justify.
 Mining.  Mariners compass.
 Irrigation projects.  Invention of astrolabe.
 Construction of roads.  Construction of ship.
 Urbanization.  Invention of gun powder.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 7

13. How was Goa liberated from the
Portuguese?
 Goa was controlled by Portuguese.
 Ordered to vacate Goa.
 Portuguese brought more army from
Africa and Europe.
 Sathyagrahi‟s entered Goa.
 Portuguese were forced to leave Goa.
 Indian army took over Goa in 1961.
14. Expalin Narmda Bachavo Andolana.
 Environmental movement.
 Leader was Medha Patkar.
 Dam built across the river Narmada.
 Displaced local tribal people.
 Affected the ecological balance.
15. How did India deal with the problem
of refugees?
 Refugees were settled in various parts.
 Provided education.
 Training was given to take self-
employment.
 Medical facilities were extended.
 Loans were given.
 Land was given
16. What are the results of the battle of
Plassey?
 Siraj Ud Daula was defeated.
 Siraj Ud Daula was killed.
 Mir Jafar became the Nawab.
 Mir Jafar gave 24 paraganas.
 War brought out immorality.
17. How was Junagadh merged with
Indian Union?
 Nawab was planning to join Pakistan.
 People revolted against Nawab.
 King ran away.
 Indian govt. maintained law & order.
 Junagad joined Indian federation in 1949.
Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu
18. What are the challenges faced by
unorganized sector workers?
 Migration.
 Social insecurity.
 Child labour.
 Physical Exploitation.
 Mental Exploitation.
 Many legal provisions do not apply.
19. What are Panchasheela principles?
 Non invasion of each other.
 Mutual cooperation and respect.
 Peaceful coexistence.
 Non-interference
 Respecting each other’s Sovereignty.
20. What is HDI? How is it calculated?
 HDI- Human Development Index.
Calculated in terms of
 Life expectancy.
 Educational achievements.
 Per capita income.
21. Irrigation is necessary in India. Why?
 India is an agriculture country.
 Agriculture depends on Monsoon rain.
 Monsoon is uncertain, seasonal and
uneven.
 Certain crops require regular supply of
water.
22. Explain the contributions of Sri
Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam.
 Strengthening the backward classes.
 Strengthening exploited communities.
 Advocated One Caste, One Religion and
One God.
 Strongly advocated education.
 Built temples for the backward
communities.
 Championed „Viacom Movement.
 Removal of restrictions on women‟s
dress.
 To secure basic human rights.
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 What were the major problems that emerged Mention the importance of communication.
after the World War II  Helps in sending Messages.
 Denial of Human rights.  Helps in creating awareness.
 Arms race.  Helps during natural disasters,
 Economic inequality.  Helps in weather forecasting.
 Apartheid.  Provides entertainment.
 Terrorism.  Provides day to day information.
What were the effects of Anglo-Sikh wars?  Provides employment.
 Sikhs got defeated.  Educate the people.
 Dalhousie captured Punjab. Per capita income cannot be a true measure
 Punjab merged with British Empire. of development. Why?
Which factors inspired the movements for  It does not consider the distribution of
human rights? income among all the people as well as
 American war of Independence. availability of basic amenities like food,
 French Revolution. shelter, education, health and others.
 Russian Revolution. How did the British expand their empire
 Freedom Struggles of India during Wellesley‟s period?
How is Remote Sensing technology useful?  Imposed Subsidiary alliance
 Collects information regarding the Earth‟s  Controlled Hyderabad, Mysore, Tanjavore,
surface. Maratha, Poona, Gwalior, Arcot.
 Gathers information about the distance
objects without touching the objects. Explain briefly the significance of rural
 Aerial and satellite photos are taken development.
19th Century in Indian history is referred to  Contributes development of the country.
as the period of „Indian Renaissance‟.” Why?  Creates demand for industrial products.
 English education was introduced.  Creates demand for service sector.
 Growth of nationalism.  Creating more employment.
 Democracy, equality started finding roots in  Supports to service
India.  Promotes small scale and cottage industries.
 British interest in reforming society. What are the causes for consumer
 Birth of identity called „Indian‟. exploitation?
 Collective efforts of reformers.  Cheating by the seller.
 An attempt made to stop social evils.  Over Charging.
How did India deal with the problem of  Exploitation by the agent.
refugees?  Adulteration.
 Refugees were settled in various parts.  False weights & measures.
 Refugees were settled in Tripura, What are the rights guaranteed to consumers
Meghalaya and Assam. by The Consumer Protection Act?
 Provided with education.  The Right to Information.
 Training to take self-employment.  Right to Choice.
 Medical facilities were extended.  Right to Consumer Education.
 Loans were given.  Right to stop exploitation.
 Right to be heard.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 9

What were the Results of 3rd Carnatic war? Which factors influence the division of
 French were defeated. labour?
 British imprisoned Bussi.  Age.
 Lally surrendered.  Skill.
There is a need for disarmament. Illustrate  Ability.
 Establishing peace.  Interest.
 Promote cooperation.  Gender.
 Reduce fear of war.  Expertise.
 Prevent Third World War. What are the features of Social
Stratification?
Name the problems faced by India soon
 Social in nature.
after Independence.
 Universal.
 Partition of India.
 Ancient.
 Refugee problem.
 Exists in different ways.
 Formation of Govt.
What are the important aspects of Young
 Formation of Constitution. Bengal Movement?
 Scarcity of food.  Spirit of enquiry.
Irrigation is very essential in India. Why?  Rational thinking.
 India is an agriculture country  Oppose superstitions.
 Agriculture depends Monsoon  Oppose social discrimination.
 Irregular rainfall.  Advocate of Women Rights.
 Rainfall is seasonal. Explain the importance of northern Great
 Many crops need regular supply of water. Plains?
What were the social reforms brought by D.  They are plain.
Devraj Urs?  Suitable for irrigation.
 Legal measures to free the downtrodden.  Has vast fertile alluvial soil.
 Free farmers from tenancy system.  Supports good network of roads.
 Free farmers from bonded labour.  Supports railways.
 Releasing farmer from debt.  Supports waterways
 Eradicate the practice of carrying night soil  Useful for urbanization
on the head  Supports trade
List the advantages of division of labour? How does horticulture help in economic
 Creates skilled workers. development of India?
 Increase production.  Makes agriculture more profitable.
 Achieves specialization.  Generating skilled employment.
 Earn more profit.  Promotes exports.
How to attain gender equality?  Earns foreign exchange.
 Reservation to woman.  Helps in maximum utilization of natural
 Equal pay for work. resources.
 Equal opportunities for women.
 Education to women.
 Political equality to women.
 Women Empowerment.
Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 10
 3 Mark Questions (Learn Any 6 points)
1. What is the role Panchayat Raj
Institution in rural development?
 Providing roads, water, school etc.
 Encouraging primary education.
 Providing middle school education.
 Expansion of health facilities.
 Public distribution system in villages.
 Development of cottage industries.
 MGNREGS Programme for employment.
 Providing Housing schemes.
 Creating employment opportunities.
 Development of agriculture.
2. What were the reforms introduced by
the British in the field of modern
education in India?
 Universities were established.
 Schools & colleges started.
 Local literature developed.
 Local languages developed.
 Periodicals started.
 English education was introduced.
 Social and religious reformation
movements began.
 Influenced freedom struggles in India.
 Developed modernity, secularism,
democratic attitudes.
3. What was the impact of revenue system
on Indian's during the British rule?
 Zamindars class was created.
 Farmers were exploited.
 Farmers became landless.
 Land became a commodity.
 Agriculture became commercialized.
 Money lenders became strong.
 Oldest & still existing newspaper of India - Bombay Samachar
Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu
4. How did Hyder ali come to power?
 Hyder – soldier in Mysore army.
 Observed the developments of Mysore.
 Sieged Devanahalli.
 Made military action against Nizam of
Arcot.
 Hyder won the hearts of soldiers.
 Weakened Dalawayees.
 Declared as Sultan of Mysore.
 Side-lined the King of Mysore.
5. Explain how Swami Vivekananda was a
source of inspiration for youngsters.
 Founded Ramakrishna Mission.
 Worked to establish a casteless society.
 Opposed caste system, & Untouchability.
 Voiced against exploitation, poverty,
illiteracy etc.
 Believed that People should be educated
first.
 He wanted people to stop following the
western ideals blindly.
 Made the Westerners to understand the
cultural richness of India at Chicago
conference.
 Vivekananda’s speeches mirror his
nationalist ideas.
 Declared Arise, awake, stop not till you
reach the goal.
6.What are the measures taken for the
eradication of unemployment?
 Population control.
 Providing loans and subsidy.
 Agricultural development.
 Industrial development.
 Encouragement to cottage industries.
 Employments guarantee schemes.
Page 11
7. What are the characteristic features of
Entrepreneur?
 Creativity.
 Innovation.
 Dynamism.
 Leadership.
 Team building.
 Problem solving.
 Risk taking.
8. What were the effects of Third Anglo
Mysore war?
 Tippu was Defeated.
 Gave half of his kingdom.
 Forced to pay three crores of rupees as
war damage.
 Pledge two of his children as hostages.
 Released the Prisoners of War.
9. Name the major industrial regions of India.  Financial and administrative
 Hooghly-Kolkata region.
 Mumbai-Pune region.
 Ahmedabad-Vadodara region.
 The Madurai-Coimbatore region.
 The Delhi-Meerut region.
 Vishakhapatnam-Guntur region.
 Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram region.
10. Explain the legal measures undertaken
to eradicate untouchability.
 Article 17 prohibits Untouchability.
 Untouchability Crime Act of 1955.
 Civil Rights Protection Act of 1976.
 Practicing Untouchability is punishable
offence.
 Universal rights to vote.
 Right to participate in election.
 Reservation in the field of education.
 Reservation in employment.
Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu
11. Which are the public sector Iron and
steel industries?
 Indian iron and steel company.
 Vishweswaraiah iron and steel company.
 Bokaro steel plant.
 Salem steel plant.
 Vishakhapatnam steel plant.
 Hindustan Iron and steel Ltd – Bhilai of
Chattisgarh.
 Hindustan Iron and steel Ltd - Rourkela
of Odisha.
 Hindustan Iron and steel Ltd –
Durgapur of West Bengal.
12. Mention the main features of
Panchayat Raj Institutions.
 Three tier system of administration.
 Direct and periodic elections.
 Reservation for SC, ST, OBC and Women.
responsibilities.
 Independent budget and audit
requirements.
 Provision for executive support and staff
 A strict procedure to dissolution.
 Supervision of Panchayat.
 Mandatory elections within 6 months.
13. What are the conditions of Subsidiary
alliance system?
 King had to keep the British Army in his
kingdom.
 King had to pay maintenance charges.
 King had to keep a British Resident in his
Court.
 King could not appoint any other
European without the permission of the
British.
Page 12
14. Mention the functions of self-help
groups.
 Helps to undertake business.
 Helps to earn income.
 Helps women to lead a life of dignity.
 Helps women to save their income.
 Helps to organize women.
 Helps women to fight violence.
 Helps to achieve economic
empowerment.
15. Explain the relationship between India
and Russia.
 Helped India in the field of economics,
politics etc.
 Supported India during Indo-China
war.(1962).
 Supported India in Goa liberation (1961)
 Supported India at UNO.
 Aided in establishment of Bhilai &
Bokaro steel plants.
 Supported India to improve its industries
and technology.
 Mediated Tashkent agreement between
India & Pakistan.(1966).
16. What are the measures under taken at
the time of British in Police system?
 Created the post of Superintendent of
Police (SP).
 Divided a district into „Stations‟.
 Every station under a „Kotwal‟.
 Kotwal‟ was responsible for thefts,
crimes etc
 Every village under the care of
„Chowkidhar.
Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu
17. Write the characteristics of Banks.
 Dealing with Money.
 Lending Loans.
 Banking Business.
 Acceptance of Deposits.
 Connecting Link.
 Payment and Withdrawal.
18. Untouchability a Social evil. How?
 It creates caste based society.
 It deprived educational rights.
 It deprived property rights.
 It deprived political rights.
 It deprived religious participation rights.
19. The relationship between India and
China is recently spoiled. What are the
reasons for this?
 Indo-China war in 1962.
 Border disputes.
 China’s claim over Arunachal Pradesh.
 China’s support to Pakistan.
 China’s military support to Pakistan.
 China’s economic assistance to Pakistan.
 Mao Terrorists.
20. What are measures taken to improve
the status of women?
 Stress on women‟s education.
 Ban on child marriage.
 Dowry prohibition act.
 Compulsory education to girls.
 „Stree Shakti „Programme.
 Women self-help groups.
 Establishing Women‟s commissions.
 Women reservation.
21. What are the major forms of Social
Stratification?
 Primitive society.
 Slavery.
 Estate system.
 Varna system.
 Caste system.
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22. Explain the revolt against British at
Kittur.
 Kittur was ruled by Chennamma.
 Chennamma adopted Shivalingappa.
 Not permitted to adopt a son
 Thackeray tried to take over Kittur.
 Chennamma opposed.
 British attacked Kittur.
 Kittur army fought bravely.
 Chennamma was defeated & captured.
 Chennamma was imprisoned.
23. List out the main functions of an
entrepreneur.
 Organizes factors of production.
 Starts new business activity.
 Introduces new methods into practice.
 Handles budget of his concern.
 Bears risk and uncertainty.
 Co-ordinates things effectively.
24. How does an Entrepreneur help in
economic development of a country?
 Promotes capital formation.
 Provide employment to people.
 Contributes to GDP.
 Increase Per Capita Income.
 Promotes Industries.
 Promote export.
 Tries to improve the standard of living.
25. The 18th Century in Indian History was
“the Century of Political Problems”. Justify.
 Death of Aurangazeb.
 Death of Chikkadevaraj wodeyar.
 Zamindars revolt against British.
 Kings battled against the British.
 Rebellion of Kittur.
 Rebellion of Halagali Bedas.
 Rebellion of Surapura.
30. Which are the major ports of India?
 Western ports:- Kandla, Mumbai, Marma Goa, New Mangalore, Cochin.
 EasternPorts:- Tuticorin. Chennai, Ennore, Visakhapatnam Para deep, Haldia Kolkata,
Port Blair
Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu
26. Explain how the industries help in
economic development of a country.
 Reduces imported goods.
 Increases national income.
 Increases per capita income.
 Earns foreign exchange.
 Creates job opportunities
 Increases G.D.P
 Reduce the reliance on primary product.
27. Mention the factors that influenced the
formation of our foreign policy.
 National interests.
 Geographical interests.
 Political situation.
 Economic interest.
 Military issues.
 Public opinion.
 International situation
28. Why should India have good relationship
with other countries?
 To promote trade.
 To achieve economical help.
 To overcome resource deficit.
 To achieve economic progress.
 To achieve peace & co-operation.
 To exchange science & technical
information.
29. Explain the aims of Arya Samaj.
Dayananda Saraswathi founded
 „Back to Vedas‟.
 Encourage to inter caste marriages.
 Reject polygamy.
 Oppose child marriage.
 Declared Men and women are equal.
 Started „Shuddhi Movement.‟
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 4 Mark questions
1. What were the effects of the revolt of
1857?
 Company rule ended.
 Doctrine of lapse withdrawn.
 Queen’s proclamation issued.
 Governance of British government
started.
 Ambitious expansion plans given up.
 No interference in religious matters.
2. List out the reasons that led to the
failure of the mutiny.
 Lack of unity.
 Lack of leadership.
 Lack of planning.
 Lack of organization.
 Lack of common goal.
 Lack of military strategies.
 Lack of support from Indian rulers.
 Plundering and crimes by the sepoys.
3. Explain the Political & Economic causes  Published „Kesari‟ & „Maratha‟
for the revolt of 1857.
Political Causes.
 Doctrine of Lapse policy.
 Not permit to adopt a son.
 Indian Kings had to lost kingdoms.
 Dalhousie annexed Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi,
and Udaipur.
 Abolished the kingships of Tanjavore and  Employed violent methods.
Carnatic Nawabs.
 Dethroned Mughal king.
 Soldiers became unemployed.
Economic causes
 Indian industries ruined.
 Many industries were closed.
 Wool and cloth industries suffered.
 Artisans became unemployed.
 Handicrafts became financially weak.
 Farmers were exploited.
 Inam lands were withdrawn.
Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu
4. The conditions of Indian soldiers in the
British army were pathetic. Justify.
 Soldiers were less paid.
 No Promotion to Indians.
 Promotion was given to white.
 Indian soldiers were discriminated.
 Indian soldiers did not have the status.
 Soldiers were forced to cross the sea.
 Forced to use greased cartridges.
 Soldiers were punished.
5. Discuss the role of Balagangadhar Tilak
in the Indian Independence Movement.
 Tilak was a radical leader.
 Opposed British policies.
 Opposed partition of Bengal.
 Called for boycotting of foreign goods.
 Encouraged Indians to use local goods.
 Declared “Swaraj is My Birth Right.
 Organised Ganesh, Shivaji & Durga
festivals.
newspapers.
 Wrote “Geetharahasya” book.
6. Explain the role of revolutionaries in
freedom struggle.
 V.D. Saavarkar, Bhagath, Rajaguru etc
were leaders.
 Dreamed of complete freedom.
 Established secret associations.
 Started collecting weapons.
 Collected money.
 Provided training to youths.
 Used Bombs and Guns.
 Many were arrested.
 Many were hanged.
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7. Explain the role of Moderates in
freedom struggle.
 Age is 1885 to 1905.
 Believed in prayers and requests.
 Organized public meetings.
 Discussed various issues.
 Submitted memorandums.
 Explained about “Drain Theory”.
 Tried to bring political awareness.
 Demanded to reduce military
expenditure.
 Demanded to protect Indian industries.
 Demanded good education.
 Demanded for poverty alleviation.
8. Explain the major achievements of
Nehru as the first Prime Minister of India.
 Architect of Industrialization.
 Architect of modern India.
 Architect of Five year plan.
 Architect of Panchasheela Principles.
 Architect of atomic energy.
 Architect of Non Aligned Movement.
 Architect of Foreign policy.
 Achieved integration of Princely states.
9. What are the main programmes of
Non-Cooperation movement?
 Boycotting schools.
 Boycotting colleges.
 Boycotting courts.
 Boycotting elections.
 Boycotting all foreign good.
 Returning honours and medals.
 Boycotting all the government functions.
 Nominated members resigning from
their membership.
Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu
10. Explain the role of B.R.Ambedkar in
freedom struggle.
 Great Dalit leader.
 Fought for the rights of untouchables.
 Started Mahad tank movement.
 Began Kalaram temple movement.
 Demand separate electorate
constituencies.
 Founded Bahishkrut Hithakarini Sabha.
 Founded Swantantra Karmika Party.
 Published periodicals like Janatha &
Mookanayaka.
 Served as the chairman of Drafting
Committee.
 Advocated equality for Untouchables.
 Became the first Law Minister.
11. Explain the achievements of Subhash
Chandra Bose in independence movement.
 Revolutionary fighter.
 Organized Indians.
 Toured many cities to organize Indian.
 Tried to get the help of Hitler.
 Founded the Congress Socialist Party.
 Founded Forward Block.
 Founded INA in Tokyo.
 Called for Delhi Chalo.
 Said, “Give me your blood; I‟ll get you
Indian Independence”.
 Attacked India from Burma border.
 Battle between INA and the British
army.
 Subhash died in plane crash.
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12. List out the different kinds of farming 13. Explain the impotence of agriculture in
practiced in India. India.
 Subsistence farming.  Main occupation.
 Intensive Farming.  Source of food.
 Commercial Farming.  Provides fodder.
 Mixed Farming.  Promotes tertiary sector.
 Plantation Farming.  Provides raw materials.
 Dry Farming.  Earn foreign exchange.
 Humid Farming.  Provide employment.
 Irrigation farming.  Promotes savings.
 Provide market.

14. How are land use pattern can be 15. The cropping pattern of any region in
classified in India? India changes from time to time. Why?
 Net area sown.  Relief features.
 Forest area.  Soil.
 Fallow land.  Climate.
 Permanent pasture.  Size of farms.
 Grazing land.  Water supply.
 Cultivable waste.  Income of farmers.
 Land not available for cultivation.  Technology.
 Land under miscellaneous uses

Multiple questions & Single Answer

Social & Religious Reform movements (3Mark)
1. What were the aims/ teachings/ objectives/
principles of Brahmo Samaj?  Monotheism.
2. What were the aims/ teachings/ objectives/  Oppose polytheism.
principles of Arya Samaja?  Women education.
3. What were the aims/ teachings/ objectives/  Oppose to Child marriage.
principles of Prathana Samaj?  Oppose to Polygamy.
4. What were the aims/ teachings/ objectives/  Oppose Caste system.
principles of Sathya Shodhak Samaj?  Oppose to meaningless
5. What were the aims/ teachings/ objectives/ Rituals.
principles of Aligarh Movement?  Equality among men and
6. What were the aims/ teachings/ objectives/ women.
principles of Ramakrishna Mission?
7. What were the aims/ teachings/ objectives/
principles of Young Bengal Movement?

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 17

 Important questions (7mark)
 Rise National income.
 Rise Per Capita income.
1. What are the importance /uses of Agriculture?  Rise Standard of Living.
2. What are the importance/uses of industry?  Rise GDP.
3. What are the importance/uses of Transport?  Provide employment.
 Earn Foreign Exchange.
 Develop Economy.

Water Resources of India (2/3Mark)

1. What are the aims/Objectives/ purpose of
Damodar River Valley project?
2. What are the aims/Objectives/ purpose of  Control flood.
Bhakra Nangal project?  Fishing.
3. What are the aims/Objectives/ purpose of Kosi  Afforestation.
River Valley project?  Control of soil erosion.
4. What are the aims/Objectives/ purpose of  Domestic use.
Nagarjuna sagar project?  Entertainment.
5. What are the aims/Objectives/ purpose of  Recreation.
Hirakud project?  Generation of electricity
6. What are the aims/Objectives/ purpose of  Irrigation.
Tungabhadra project?  Supply water to industries.
7. What are the aims/Objectives/ purpose of
Multipurpose River Valley project?

Indian Industries (3Mark)

 Raw materials.
1. Which Factors influence the localization of Industries?  Power.
2. Which Factors influence the location of Iron & Steel industry?  Transport.
3. Which Factors influence the location of Aluminium Industry?  Communication.
4. Which Factors influence the location of Cotton textile Industry?  Market.
5. Which Factors influence the location of Sugar Industry?  Capital.
6. Which Factors influence the location of Paper Industry?  Labour.
 Water.
 Climate.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 18

 Indian Natural Disasters (3Mark)
1. What are the effects of cyclones?  Loss of life.
2. What are the effects of floods?  Loss of property.
3. What are the effects of landslide?  Loss of crops.
4. What are the effects of Earthquake?  Loss of vegetation.
5. What are the effects of coastal erosion?  Spread of diseases.
 Damage to communication.

Indian Natural Disasters (3Mark)

1. What are the precautionary measures/
remedies to be taken for cyclones?  Afforestation.
2. What are the precautionary measures/  Early warnings.
remedies to be taken for floods?  Avoid mining.
3. What are the precautionary measures/  Creating awareness.
remedies to be taken for landslide?  Temporary shelters.
4. What are the precautionary measures/  Medical help.
remedies to be taken for Earthquake?  Supply of food.
5. What are the precautionary measures/  Supply of water
remedies to be taken for coastal erosion?

Bank Transactions (3Mark)

1. What are the functions of banks?  Transfer of money.
2. What are the services offered by the Banks?  Safe deposit locker.
3. What are the uses of Banks?  Providing loans.
4. What is the importance of Banks?  Safety of money.
5. What are the Advantages of opening bank  Remittance of money.
Accounts?  Discounting of bills.
 Acceptance of deposits.
 Making payments.

Shifting Agriculture Sedentary Agriculture

 Shift from place to place.  Fixed agriculture.
 Fertility reduces.  Add manure.
 Low Production.  High production.
 Abandon land  Do not abandon land.

Four housing Schemes

PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Avas Yojana)
AVY (Ambedkar Valmiki Yojana)
IAY (Indira Gandhi Avas Yojana)
Ashraya Yojana.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 19

 Special questions
Highest rainfall region Mawsynram.
Lowest rainfall region Royli.
Highest peak in India K2 / Godwin Austin.
Highest peak in the world Mount Everest.
Highest temperature region Ganganagar.
Lowest temperature region Drass.
Highest Dam Bhakra Nangal
Longest dam Hirakud
Largest dam Nagarjunasagar
Largest state Rajastan.
Smallest state Goa.
State having highest area under forest Madhya Pradesh.
Highest peak in western Ghats Annaimudi.
Highest peak in Eastern Ghats Armakonda.
Highest peak in Aravali Mount Guru Shikhar.
Biggest port Mumbai.

Important marking places

S No Places S No Places S No Places
1 82 0 East Longitude 11 River Kaveri 21 Damodar River Valley
2 River Narmada 12 Rihand project 22 Nilgiris
3 Bhakra Nangal Project 13 Kanyakumari. 23 Tropic of Cancer
4 Mumbai. 14 Nagarjuna Sagar Project 24 Western Ghats
5 23 0 North Latitude 15 River Ganga 25 Gulf of Mannar
6 Palk strait 16 Coromandel Coast. 26 Vishakhapatnam
7 Indira Col 17 Tungabhadra Project. 27 Delhi.
8 Bhadravati. 18 Kochi. 28 Kandla
9 River Narmada 19 Vindhya Range 29 Mt.K2
10 Aravallis(Gurushikar) 20 Drass 30 Mawsynram

Mangrove Forests Tropical deciduous forests

 Called as Tidal forests.  Called as Monsoon forests.
 Found in wet marshy areas, river  Found in areas with an annual
deltas and in coast. rainfall of 100-200 cm.
 Do not shed leaves.  Trees shed their leaves.
 Trees have stilt roots.
 Occupied a wide area largely.

Govind.P, Nijaguna H S, Nazhath Fatima & HaziraBanu Page 20