NSTP 2 MODULE 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE KEY CONCEPTS Community Immersion Requisite of NSTP 2

Topic 1.

1. Levelling off:UnderstandingtheEssenceofCommunityImmersioninNSTP

The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that, “That State recognizes the vital role
of youth in nation building..... It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and
nationalism and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.” (Art. II, Sec.
13).

The Community Immersion Requisite of NSTP – Immersion by definition is complete

involvement: involvement in something that completely occupies all the time,
energy, or concentration available. Thus, an NSTP 2 student should define
Community Immersion as an approach of developing among them the concept of
empowerment and service as they reach out to the deprived, depressed and
unprivileged communities and marginalized segments of society.

The NSTP 2 community immersion is an approach to link community and students at

the local in a community development process involving three phases (Labuguen, et
al. 2019)

1. Improving youth’s understanding of their community and how it works through

several hands-on activities,

2. Conductinganeedsassessmentsurveyofresidentsand

3. Implementing a project to address an issue identified through the needs

assessment

Most community service programs enhance student’s self-concept and self-image.

Service provides youth the opportunities to feel needed by others and to fill
important roles in their community. (Labuguen, et al. 2019)

Community development involves a process of increasing the capacity of local

citizens to solve local problems. Increasing the capacity of local actors has usually
focused on leadership development.... Effective leadership requires that people
understand the economic, political and social processes of their community and the
larger society. (Labuguen, et al. 2019)

The youth of a community is both potential actors and a resource in solving local
problems. Involving young people in local affairs can both develop the community
and solve specific problems. ......As youth invests their time and talent in their
community, they can develop a sense of ownership. These investments made by and
for youth can be drawn upon for future community action. In short, youth
development is needed to provide a firmer foundation for future leadership and
solidarity in the community towards a strong republic via National Service Training
Program. (Labuguen, et al. 2019)

Objectives of NSTP Community Immersion (Labuguen, et al. 2019)

a. Define community immersion as an approach and strategy of developing projects

in

serving people and communications

b. Enrich knowledge and competencies on community immersion as a process for

development

c. Apply the principles and concepts of working in the community through

immersion,

projects and activities

d. Expose NSTP trainees in depressed, deprived and the underprivileged

communities

and marginalized groups of our society

e. Appreciatethevalueofcommunityimmersionasameansofdevelopingthemselves

as citizens and helping people improve their way of life and in alleviating their living

conditions

f. Enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness and

g. Developethicsofserviceimbuedwithgoodcitizenshipvalues
UNIT 2- UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY IMMERSION
Module 2

DOs AND DON’Ts IN COMMUNITY IMMERSION

It is a basic rule that trainees must be well-versed with the area, skilled to
communicate with community people and disciplined to keep yourself from
responding indifferently towards diverse types of personalities.

· Hereunder is a guide prepared by Dr. Florida C. Labugen and Ms. Emily

Rose M. Bautista in manuscript form entitled “Essential Protocols When
Visiting Community”

BEFORE THE CONDUCT OF COMMUNITY IMMERSION

Things to remember:

1. Familiarize yourself with the basic information and theories regarding

community life. At this stage, you must at least have in your mind a
community you intend to immerse at. Ask around for information about this
community.

2. Secure a waiver from the NSTP office prior to the visit and have it signed
by the parents.

3. Always inform the faculty in-charge of your destination, time table, and
plan of action

4. Be armed with background information about the area for immersion.

5. Pay courtesy call to community leaders, whether formal or informal. Be

sure that the people who will be helping in your project and the key
informants of the community are informed of your visit

6. Secure documents like a letter of acceptance from the community,

memorandum of agreement, etc. and other documents pertinent to your stay
in the community.

7. Bring your own personal provisions like water, snacks, and extra shir

Things to avoid:
1. Never forget to inform and get the consent of your parents/guardians
about the activities lined up

2. Do not go directly to the community without determining the background

information about it.

3. Avoid bringing original copies of signed documents in the community. It

is better to carry around original and certified true copies of documents to
prevent loss and smudging the documents.

DURING THE ACTUAL COMMUNITY IMMERSION

Things to remember:

1. Be courteous to everyone, whether it be a vendor or a community official.

Remember that you are there to work with the community.

2. Act properly and discreetly. You are representing your school and your
fellow students. Be responsible with the words you say.

3. Depending on the type of entry you use, wear proper uniforms and
identification card.

4. It is highly advised to keep your valuables secured to protect you from

unnecessarily attracting and distracting community people, from possible
theft, etc.

5. Always document your visit. Write in your record notebook the date, the
narrative of important events that happened, and your reflections in each
visit

6. Always ask for permission from concerned people when you have to take
pictures.

Things to avoid:

1. Avoid labelling and naming people with politically incorrect terms. Try to
be more discreet in your use of words to avoid offending other people.

2. Do not show off in terms of dressing up. You are there in the community
to help. Just bring an extra white shirt if you have to change your soiled
uniforms after your activities.

3. Never bring out your valuable things like cellphones, jewelry, and money
in public places.
4. Never promise and commit to a task that is beyond your and your
school’s capability.

AFTER COMMUNITY IMMERSION

Things to remember:

1. Validate and evaluate if the programs and activities were conducted

appropriately as planned.

2. Provide copies of your final documentation output to the NSTP office and
to the community where you conducted your immersion.

“Love cannot remain by itself- it has no meaning. Love has to be put into
action; and that action is service”

- Mother Theresa

WHAT IS A COMMUNITY?

• The term ‘community’ refers to a group of people gathered together in any

geographic area, large or small, who have common interests, actual or potentially
recognized in the social welfare field. (Arlien Johnson,)

• As per concept, a community may be categorized a geographical or functional:

• The term geographical community is defined in the purview of group of persons

living in the same geographical location like in a certain village, town, neighborhood,
district, area, or territory.

• Meanwhile,communityissaidtobe functional nature if the aggregate of people

through not necessarily based on living in the same geographical location, is bonded
by a common end such as fighting for the same cause, having the same interests and
goals

Elements of Community

 The demographics (characteristics of population) tell a lot about the movement

in the community that you will serve.

 History allows you to identify certain patterns of change and people’s way of
adapting these changes that can be useful in plotting your activities.
 Understanding the economy, culture, and community structures increase the
chances of the success of activities since anyone can provide culture-based and
more realistic solutions to community concerns.

IMMERSION AS AN IMPORTANT APPROACH IN GIVING COMMUNITY SERVICE

• “Experienceisthebestteacher”.

• “To whom much is given, much is required”

• Asoneoftheobjectivesofthisbookexpounds,traineeswillbeexposedinfurther and
other realities of life which they may or may not be used to.

• After having explained the significance of the community immersion requirement

of NSTP in the purview of the educational and religious perspectives, let us succumb
to the legal basis of such. The basic questions as:

a. What is the relevance of community immersion as part of the NSTP program?

b. Why would student-trainees of NSTP 2 need to study the behavior of the people in
and that which composed the community where they serve?

IMMERSION AS AN IMPORTANT APPROACH IN GIVING COMMUNITY SERVICE

• Answers to these sort of questions are provided for in IRR of NSTP and the NSTP
Act and has served as the mandate and core of recognizing the role of the youth in
nation building.

• “The youth is the hope of the Fatherland.”

WHAT IS COMMUNITY IMMERSION?

• It is an essential strategy in community organizing work that entails understanding

of the different community concerns, process, dynamics and lifestyle through
exposure and engaging in different activities.

• It is different from the actual organizing work. Immersion is just one of the
strategies into community organization.

NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (NDRRMP) 2011-

2018

• Increasing the resilience of vulnerable sectors; and optimizing disaster mitigation

opportunities with the end in view of promoting peoples’ welfare

• Strengthening the capacity of the national government and the Local Government
Units (LGUs) together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience of
communities and to institutionalize arrangements and measures for reducing risks

• The plan highlights, among others, the importance of mainstream disaster risk
reduction and management (DRRM) and climate change adaptation (CCA) in the
development process.

• It also highlights the need for institutionalizing DRRM policies, structures,

coordination mechanism and programs with continuing budget appropriation on DRR
from national down to local levels.

Guidelines for NSTP Trainees

• Trainees should immerse in actual community life to get to know the social,
political, and economic situation of people

• Trainees may also undergo certain changes like increase in knowledge about the
social realities, etc.

• Trainees should identify the community people’s interest and aspirations

• Trainees must recognize people’s resiliency and does not rob them of their right to
have community participation and determination of appropriate courses of action.

• Trainees should be aware of the gain-negotiated sanction.

• Trainees must reflect on how their social analysis of the current situation is
concretized in community people’s lives.

Forms of integration in community immersion:

• Home visits

• Living with selected families preferably with key informants • Informal discussion
with individuals or groups

• Sharing in household and community activities

• Attendance in social gatherings

• Assistance in production work

Whom do you immerse within the community?

• When one goes to a community, he/she associates with the people who intends to
work with as partners.

• The parents, youth, the differently-abled constituents, professionals, members of

people’s organizations, and other formal and informal group, and others who can be
a potential collaborator of your projects or activities.

• This practice of enjoining people’s support is adherent to the Confucian’s

philosophy of “give man a fish and he will live for a day; teach him how to fish and he
will live for a lifetime.”

• As for NSTP, students enrolled in NSTP-CWTS/LTS 2 are mandated to undergo

community immersion for a period covering a minimum of 54 hours to a maximum of
90 hours as cited from CHED-prescribed Program of Instruction (POI), 2007 edition.
UNIT 3- UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY
IMMERSION

Process of Community Immersion

Phase I: Pre-Immersion

It regards the identification of the community where the students are immersed at.
Trainees will have to prepare themselves physically, mentally, and spiritually for many
task ahead. Trainees must have waivers from their parents or guardians stating that
they are informed of the mandate to undergo the NSTP community immersion. The
school also needs to organize its own manpower, resources, and other technical
needs. According to many who have undergone immersion, the activities could be
both exciting and exhausting.

Criteria in Selection of an Area for Immersion

1. Select our areas.

2. Local partners must be willing to work and support community project.

3. Consider needs and resources within the capability of students and community
partners.

4. Places that are not saturated by other agencies.

5. Stable peace and order situation.

6. Accessibility.

Phase II: Entering the Community

To ensure the success in entering the community, it is necessary to have community

mapping of the target area. This will help you identify the geographic coverage of the
project. It will also help point out the resources that maybe used by the trainees in
the community and the relationship of people with these resources.

Anchored on Manalili’s concepts, those planning to conduct community immersion

can enter the community thru:

- Ostentatious entry.

- Banking on the people’s weakness.

- Academic style of entry.

- People-centered approach.

Phase III: Community Integration

Is a continuous process wherein the trainees come into direct contact and become
involved with the community people. This phase is where the immersion phase gets
more personal. The trainees should realize that there is an existing concern within
the community. As the problem of the community become more apparent, you
become aware and validate that you are part of the circle.

Integration maybe done through:

a. Border style.

b. Elitist style.

c. People-centered method of living with the people.

Phase IV: Community Needs Assessment

Needs assessment, social analysis or community diagnosis as others refer to, is a

concrete base for the formulation of programs. It reflects the sentiments, needs,
aspirations, and recommendations of the community people. When it is done
properly, it reflects also the trainees’ feeling of oneness with the community. They
begin to see that the people’s problems also reflect their own.

What is community needs assessment defined?

- It is the process wherein the problems, issues, and concerns of the community
are identified through the use of several tools for assessment. It encourages the
participation of the community, as they are the stakeholders, to the findings in the
assessment.

Importance of Needs Assessment

1. Gather information about citizens’ attitudes and options in order of importance.

2. Determine how citizens rank issues, problems, and opportunities in order of

importance or urgency.

3. Give citizens a voice in determining policies, goals, and priorities.

4. Evaluate current programs and policies.

5. Provide speculations about what people are thinking.

6. Provide speculations about what people really want.

Information to Be Included in Assessing Community Needs

1. Historical development

2. Geographical and transportation information

3. Political and legal functions

4. Demographic data

5. Economic data

Methods in Collecting Data for Community Needs Assessment

1. Focused group discussion with key informants

2. Community Forum/assembly

3. Public records

4. Survey

Steps in Conducting Needs Assessment

1. Establish a working committee to solicit citizen and community involvement and

develop a plan of action.

2. List important aspects that are needed to look upon.

3. Identify the population to be surveyed.

4. Determine the information that is needed.

5. Select a random sample of person to survey.

6. Develop and pretest a questionnaire.

7. Collect and collate the information.

8. Analyze the data.

9. Go back to the community for validation of information.

10. Finalize the document.

Community Assistance in Assessing Needs

1. Help identify community groups and citizens to be involved in the working

committee.

2. Facilitate group discussion to identify important issues and set priorities.

3. Help select the sample to be surveyed and design a system to identify

respondents.

4. Provide test questions from which the working committees choose questions
that address the issues and concerns.
5. Help design a process to distribute and collect survey questionnaires, code, enter
and analyze the resulting data.

6. Provide summary reports of data.

7. Suggest programs to report the results and strategies to solicit community

involvement.

8. Work with citizens to identify courses of action based on the information.

Phase V: Program/Project Implementation

Project implementation deals with the actual execution of the plans. This phase of
project development includes, making the final arrangement with the target
clients/community partners, officials involved in the activities, right schedule of each
event, day to day activities, and needs of the clients, manpower each day of the
program, monitoring and evaluation plan and other requirements like social and
recreational activities, and the culminating activities of the project.

To ensure the success of the NSTP community service projects performed by the
trainees during their immersion time, the following must be considered:

- Program must be responsive to the needs of the clients;

- Contribute to the upliftment of the living conditions of the clients;

- Maximize the resources available in the community;

- Tap the potentials of the clients and give due recognition;

- Objectives must be SMART with the tangible results that touch the lives of the
clients;

- Project must be done systematically to ensure significant contributions from pre-

planning, planning stage, implementation, and evaluation;

- Complete documentation must be observed as basis for reporting and for future
studies;

- Projects must be within the capacity and concern of the trainees that will allow
them to gain the knowledge, skills and encourage reflective action; and

- Develop shared commitment among the trainees.

Phase VI: Termination of Projects

NSTP trainees are expected to complete their projects in the community in the span
of 50-90 hours as prescribed to the CHED-endorsed Program of Instruction for it to
be credited in the training course. Right at the very start the trainee implementers
must upright their target participants of the particulars of the projects undertaken
specially in terms of time frame. This will enable their clients or partner community
to prepare for any eventualities should the implementers will terminate the project.
Trainees are advice to inform them with due respect of the status of the project and
other details as may be deemed necessary. Nevertheless, the trainees may decide to
continue with the project if the endeavor proves worthy of continuation, follow-up or
replication. If the proponents and implementers have decided to pursue and push
through with their venture, they can seek the assistance and support of the school’s
extension services/community outreach unit just to sustain the project.

MANAGEMENT OF NSTP COMMUNITY-BASED PROJECTS MODULE 4

An important ingredient to NSTP community immersion is the development of

community-based projects. In managing NSTP projects, the universal management
functions as planning, organization, staffing, directing and controlling be given due
consideration to ensure the success of the implementation of the projects

MAKING PROJECT PROPOSAL

The following procedure will guide the trainees in doing this exercise:

1. Prelude Activity Based on the different dimension of development such as

education, health, safety and disaster management, environment, morals of citizenry,
entrepreneurship, sports and recreation, think of a project which you plan to do in
the community as an offshoot of your activity in community needs assessment.

2. Activity Proper

a. Using the data provided on the sheet, cut and ready to paste the items as the
trainer will define/discuss the parts of the project proposal.

b. This activity will last for one hour.

c. Trainees will review the format and prepare a draft proposal.

d. Trainees will prepare, refine and finalize proposal based on the identified need (2
1/2 hour)

e. Trainer will evaluate the proposal output before implementing the project.

• PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

Project is a time-bound undertaking that is carried out to create a unique service. It

combines and channeled into a temporary structure in order to accomplish a specific
goal.

Project development involves a series of continuous, often overlapping phases. This

cyclical process launches with survey of felt needs in the locality that will serve as
baseline information in the formulation of project or a set of projects that may be
undertaken in an uninterrupted or staged manner. As soon as we have identified the
project plan, it is prudent that we have an inventory of our resources. Mobilizing our
limited resources ( men , money, materials and moment ) is a fundamental thing to
do. Then implementation comes with regular monitoring to keep track of the
development of the project. Measuring the success of the project as in impact
evaluation will serve purpose in revisiting the plan of action.

• PROJECT PLANNING

In the formulation of a project, a planner must take into consideration the needs of
the target clients. In this undertaking, the trainer together with the trainee must
assist the community in identifying, analyzing and prioritizing the needs and
concerns they must tackle. People in the community know more about the program
relevant to their needs. Developing them in the course of planning will motivate
them to support the activities. Based on the identified needs, projects must be made
through a proposal to assess its feasibility, contributions, rationale, and basis for
funding and support.

This guideline in making a project proposal will facilitate work for the trainees and
trainers in their immersion activities. This will also provide them the proper
opportunity to prepare right data and direction in the implementation of their plans
while they will be actually doing their tasks. A project proposal has several parts in
order to complete the needed information as basis of conducting the project.
• WHAT IS PROJECT PROPOSAL?

A project proposal is a guide for both trainees and trainers in attaining tasks while
they are in community immersion. It serve as a basis of designing program of
activities and key instruments and inputs in monitoring and evaluating the projects to
be undertaken in the community.

• PURPOSES OF MAKING PROJECT PROPOSAL IN THE LIGHT OF NSTP

1. It guides trainees and trainers in designing a program for their clientele.

2. It facilitates implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the projects.

3. It serves as database in making reports as a requirement to the courses.

4. It makes work easier for it serve as reference for trainees’ to give the bright
information needed for the project.

5. It serve as a ready source of data for research work.

THE PARTS OF A PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR NSTP IMMERSION PROJECT

1. The Title. The title of the project must capture the need and present the name of
clientele to be served. It must be catchy to the readers. It must be written in all
capital letter, bold and centered.

2. Project Proponents. This part enumerates the names of persons to be involved in

the project, their year level (if trainers), rank (if trainers), contact numbers and added
or college. If there are several activities that require several leaders in every
undertaking, names must be specified per activity.

3. Implementing Units/Implementers. It must be noted that in waiting this part of

the proposal, capital letters must be used to differentiate from the project
proponents.

4. Project Duration. Specify days, weeks and months needed to complete the
project. Specify when the project will commence and when it finished. Attach a Gantt
chart of activity based on the length of the project.

5. Length of Implementation. Two day implementation only. For the First day,
around 6-7 hours (three hours in the morning, for the preparation of the place and
lecture. Another four hours in the afternoon for the distribution/placement of the
waste segregation trash bins). For the second day, monitoring and evaluation of the
activity project will be done.
6. Objective of the Project. The objectives of the project must be written in
operational terms on what you intend to do to solve identified problem related to
the project. The characteristics of the objectives must be specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic and time bound (SMART). State properly by using the right verbs
that describe what you want to address in relation to the underlying problems within
a certain period of time.

General objectives can be framed as basis of formulating specific objectives

of the project. It must also consider the domain of learning such as the cognitive
(knowledge-mind), psychomotor (skills-body) and affective (values/behavior-heart).

7. Project Description. The following standards must be observed in writing the

project description in facilitating the drafting of the proposal:

a. Background of the Project

This part requires at least three paragraphs that provide a realistic background
of the project describing the modifying issues/problems that have influenced the
identification of the project. You can identify particular differences or advantages
over existing projects or cite issues in some publication as proofs of underlying
problems or realistic serious or of general occurrence.

b. Justification of the project. Discuss the importance of the prepared project in

solving or providing action to help solve existing problem inherent to the project.
Give the expected output of the project, benefits derived from it, and most probable
recipients of the project. It must be written in 3-5 paragraphs.

c. Benefits derive from project. This section should reflect the advantages or
benefits that the activity will bring about when it is implemented. If possible, it
should mirror outcomes-or the long term results that people will receive.

d. Coverage. The area or vicinity covered be the project and the type of clients to
be served should be reflected in the proposal. This gives focus to whom the project is
for and the extent of its implementation.

8. Methodology. This part cites the activities or strategies that should be

undertaken in order to achieve the objectives of the project. It should describe the
general approach of the project, agency counterpart in case of partnership,
responsibilities and obligations, manpower requirement and the manner on how the
specific activity will be undertaken if the project calls for it.

9. Detail Budgetary Requirements. In preparation of the budget, the budgetary

requirement of all activities must be considered. The amount varies depending on
the extent of the project coverage. For more instances, the bigger project, the larger
the budget required. In many cases, budget depends on the size of expenditures
needed. Sources of fund must also be specified.

Module 4

• MAKING PROJECT PROPOSAL

The following procedure will guide the trainees in doing this exercise:
1. Prelude Activity

Based on the different dimension of development such as education, health, safety and disaster
management, environment, morals of citizenry, entrepreneurship, sports and recreation, think of
a project which you plan to do in the community as an offshoot of your activity in community
needs assessment.

2. Activity Proper

a. Using the data provided on the sheet, cut and ready to paste the items as the trainer will
define/discuss the parts of the project proposal.

b. This activity will last for one hour.

c. Trainees will review the format and prepare a draft proposal.

d. Trainees will prepare, refine and finalize proposal based on the identified need (2 1/2

hour)

e. Trainer will evaluate the proposal output before implementing the project.

• PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

Project is a time-bound undertaking that is carried out to create a unique service. It combines

and channeled into a temporary structure in order to accomplish a specific goal.

Project development involves a series of continuous, often overlapping phases. This cyclical
process launches with survey of felt needs in the locality that will serve as baseline information in
the formulation of project or a set of projects that may be undertaken in an uninterrupted or
staged manner. As soon as we have identified the project plan, it is prudent that we have an
inventory of our resources. Mobilizing our limited resources ( men , money, materials and
moment ) is a fundamental thing to do. Then implementation comes with regular monitoring to
keep track of the development of the project. Measuring the success of the project as in impact
evaluation will serve purpose in revisiting the plan of action.

• PROJECT PLANNING

In the formulation of a project, a planner must take into consideration the needs of the target

clients. In this undertaking, the trainer together with the trainee must assist the community in
identifying, analyzing and prioritizing the needs and concerns they must tackle. People in the
community know more about the program relevant to their needs. Developing them in the
course of planning will motivate them to support the activities. Based on the identified needs,
projects must be made through a proposal to assess its feasibility, contributions, rationale, and
basis for funding and support.

This guideline in making a project proposal will facilitate work for the trainees and trainers in
their immersion activities. This will also provide them the proper opportunity to prepare right
data and direction in the implementation of their plans while they will be actually doing their
tasks. A project proposal has several parts in order to complete the needed information as basis
of conducting the project.

• WHAT IS PROJECT PROPOSAL?

A project proposal is a guide for both trainees and trainers in attaining tasks while they are in

community immersion. It serve as a basis of designing program of activities and key instruments
and inputs in monitoring and evaluating the projects to be undertaken in the community.

• PURPOSES OF MAKING PROJECT PROPOSAL IN THE LIGHT OF NSTP

1. It guides trainees and trainers in designing a program for their clientele.

2. It facilitates implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the projects.

3. It serves as database in making reports as a requirement to the courses.

4. It makes work easier for it serve as reference for trainees’ to give the bright information
needed

for the project.

5. It serve as a ready source of data for research work.

THE PARTS O A PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR NSTP IMMERSION PROJECT

1. The Title. The title of the project must capture the need and present the name of clientele to
be

served. It must be catchy to the readers. It must be written in all capital letter, bold and centered.
2. Project Proponents. This part enumerates the names of persons to be involved in the project,
their year level (if trainers), rank (if trainers), contact numbers and added or college. If there are
several

activities that require several leaders in every undertaking, names must be specified per activity.

3. Implementing Units/Implementers. It must be noted that in waiting this part of the proposal,
capital letters must be used to differentiate from the project proponents.

4. Project Duration. Specify days, weeks and months needed to complete the project. Specify
when the project will commence and when it finished. Attach a Gantt chart of activity based on
the length of the project.

5. Length of Implementation. Two day implementation only. For the First day, around 6-7 hours
(three hours in the morning, for the preparation of the place and lecture. Another four hours in
the afternoon for the distribution/placement of the waste segregation trash bins). For the second
day, monitoring and evaluation of the activity project will be done.

6. Objective of the Project. The objectives of the project must be written in operational terms on
what you intend to do to solve identified problem related to the project. The characteristics of
the objectives must be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound (SMART). State
properly by using the right verbs that describe what you want to address in relation to the
underlying problems within a certain period of time.

General objectives can be framed as basis of formulating specific objectives of the project. It
must also consider the domain of learning such as the cognitive (knowledge-mind), psychomotor
(skills-body) and affective (values/behavior-heart).

7. Project Description. The following standards must be observed in writing the project
description in facilitating the drafting of the proposal:

a. Background of the Project

This part requires at least three paragraphs that provide a realistic background of the project
describing the modifying issues/problems that have influenced the identification of the project.
You can identify particular differences or advantages over existing projects or cite issues in some
publication as proofs of underlying problems or realistic serious or of general occurrence.

b. Justification of the project. Discuss the importance of the prepared project in solving or
providing action to help solve existing problem inherent to the project. Give the expected output
of the project, benefits derived from it, and most probable recipients of the project. It must be
written in 3-5 paragraphs.

c. Benefits derive from project. This section should reflect the advantages or benefits that the
activity will bring about when it is implemented. If possible, it should mirror outcomes-or the
long term results that people will receive.

d. Coverage. The area or vicinity covered be the project and the type of clients to be served
should be reflected in the proposal. This gives focus to whom the project is for and the extent of
its implementation.

8. Methodology. This part cites the activities or strategies that should be undertaken in order to
achieve the objectives of the project. It should describe the general approach of the project,
agency counterpart in case of partnership, responsibilities and obligations, manpower
requirement and the manner on how the specific activity will be undertaken if the project calls
for it.

9. Detail Budgetary Requirements. In preparation of the budget, the budgetary requirement of all
activities must be considered. The amount varies depending on the extent of the project
coverage. For more instances, the bigger project, the larger the budget required. In many cases,
budget depends on the size of expenditures needed. Sources of fund must also be specified.