Name: Marufa Akter Nizu

ID: 1811783630

Submitted date: 02 March,2022

Submitted to: Md. Afzal Hossain

Section :1
 “1. The Great Wall of China”

The Great Wall of China, Chinese Pinyin  Wanli Changcheng is one of

the greatest architectural achievements and recognized historical landmarks ever recorded in
world’s history. Hosting over millions of tourists every year, it has now become the national
symbol of the Chinese as a security for their country and its people.
The construction of the Great Wall also differed at different historical
periods. As we talk today, the great wall is estimated to stretch about 6,700 km, starting from
Nankou, all the way to Shanxi, passing through Rocky Mountains and the city of Datong and
Beijing. (Jan, 2001)
It is the world’s largest man-made monument and a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, and was as significant during its initial construction in the Qin Dynasty (221BC),
as it is today. During the Han and Ming Dynasty, The Great Wall proved quite useful, especially
towards the end of its reign because it ensured that the empire remained protected against
possible invasion.
The wall was made entirely by hand with the three groups of people,

who are prisoners, common people, and soldiers. It was built to protect the Chinese, especially
northern border of China from invasion and possible enemies like Nomadic Tribes and the
Mongols intruders (John, 2008) (Yamashita, 2007).
Overall, The Great Wall is very important to China because it shows the
history of the leaders who wanted protection from invaders and potential enemies and also the
strategic thinking. The wall served as defense, and a national safeguarding security for the people
and country.

References
1. Jan, M. (2001). The Great Wall of China Hardcover . Abbeville Press Publishers.
2. John, M. (2008). The Great Wall. Da Capo Press.
3. Yamashita, M. L. (2007). Great Wall : From Beginning to End. Sterling Publishing Co.
 “2. Activities of Chinese people during “Chinese Traditional festivals”

Being one of the biggest economies and a culturally diverse country, China
celebrates a lot of traditional, and culture-based festivals that are diverse in forms and rich in
content. Over 5000 years history, China has witnessed the creation of many Chinese traditional
festivals. Each festival has its own historical origin, legend and enjoyment that reflect a nation's
traditional habits and religious morality. The main traditional festivals are the Spring Festival,
Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day, Mid-
Autumn Festival, Double Ninth, etc. (Radhakrishnan, 2022) (Augustyn, 2022) (Cattan,
2011)Among them mostly famous Chinese New Year or spring festival, Dragon Boat Festival,
Mid-Autumn Festival, Lantern Festival are illustrated simultaneously.

The Spring Festival is the most celebrated traditional Chinese festival and
commonly known as "Guo Nian" in Chinese pinyin. This is without a doubt one of the most
important Chinese festivals with a history of more than 4000 years (Yuan) (Xu, 2021). Usually
in this day every family will gather to have dinner, known as "Tuan Nian" which means "getting
together". Meanwhile, local people will pay visits to each other at the beginning days of Chinese
New Year, play the lion dance and the dragon lantern dance, and mostly important everyone
provide gift card which inside have money, in Chinese called “hongbao” or red packet

Falling on the May 5th of the lunar calendar, another traditional festival is held
named the Dragon Boat Festival (Xu, 2021) . People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival as to
mourn for the great poet and noble writer, QU Yuan who is said to have committed suicide by
drowning himself in a river. In order to prevent the fish and shrimp from biting the poet, people
put the ZongZi (dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves into the
river to feed them. The tradition of eating ZongZi was continuing generation by generation. It is
a festival celebrated for more than 2,000 years.

The 15th day of the 1st lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival as it’s the first
night to see a full moon (Cattan, 2011). Therefore, the day is also term as Yuan (Round) Xiao
(Night) Festival in China. While there is a bright full moon in the sky, there should be thousands
of colorful lanterns hung out for people to joy. People usually solve puzzles on the lanterns and
eat Yuanxiao (glutinous rice ball) and get all their families united in the joyful atmosphere.

The 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar is China's Mid-Autumn
Festival (Cattan, 2011). The moon is roundest and brightest at this time people across all of
China will sit down and eat with their closest family and friends, miss their hometowns, and get
deluged by memories. Because of the tendency to sit around a round table with family and
friends, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Gathering Holiday".

In conclusion, the celebrations for Chinese traditional festivals are very

meaningful. Most importantly, it’s a time to spend with one’s family, relatives, and friends with
the connection of nature and seasonal changes associated with food and social rituals.

References
1. Augustyn, A. (2022). Chinese New Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

2. Cattan. (2011). Top 10 Most Colourful Festivals In China.

3. Radhakrishnan, M. (2022). 11 Fascinating Chinese Festivals That Are Worth Being A Part Of .

4. Xu, M. (2021). Chinese Traditional Festivals – How to Celebrate . linkedin, pp.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/chinese-traditional-festivals-how-celebrate-them-your-minji-xu.

5. Yuan, A. (n.d.). Chinese New Year.