Ultrasonic _ Test Questions & ,lland Il Questions The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.Published by ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1714 Aringate Lane PO Box 28518, Columbus, OH 432280518 No part of this book may be reproduced ar transmitted in any form, by means electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording. or otherwise, without the expressed prior written permission of the publishes Copyright © 2008 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ASNT is not responsible for the euthentcly or accuracy of information herein, Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do nat carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT. IRRSP, NOT Handbook, The NOT Technician and www.asnt.org are trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Ine. ACCP, ASNT, Level Ill Study Guide, Materials Evaivation, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and RNDE and are registered trademarks of ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ASNT Mission Statement: [ASNT exists to create a safer world by promoting the profession and technologies of nondestructive testing. IsBNa3: 978157117 1986 Printed in the United States of America, Second Eilon 412/08 first printing® Contents Acknowledgments Recommended References Reference Usage Level 1 Questions Level II Questions Level Ill Questions vi 21 47Acknowledgments @ This edition of Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-LA (Q & A Book) Ultrasonic Testing Method, is based on the 1994 edition compitad by the ASNT Ultrasonic Testing Committee. Thank you to the following contributors who assisted with the review and update of this book: John Brunk Claude Davis, James Elder Karl Fogleman John Kinsey Ronald Mosburg Luis Payano: Robert Plumstead Cynthia M. Leeman Educational Materials Supervisor® Recommended References Ultrasonic Testing Method The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book. ‘A.* Annual Book of ASTM Standards: Section 3, Metals Test Methods and Analytical Procedures, Vol. 03.03, Nondestructive Testing, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. All standards relating to ultrasonic testing, (The reference after the question refers to the specitic standard where the correct answer can be found.) Latest edition, B? Birks, A. and RE. Green technical eds., Paul McTotire, ed. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, second edition: Volume 7, Ultrasonic Testing. Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1991 C* Workman, G.L. and D. Kishoni, technical eds, Patrick O. Moore, ed. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, third edition: Volume 7, Ultrasonic Testing. Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, inc. 2007. D.* Marks, P, Ultrasonic Testing Classroom Training Book. Columbus, OH: The American Society for ‘Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2007. Bx Ness, and C.B. Sherlock, technical eds., Paul McIntire and Patrick O. Moore, eds. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, second edition: Volume 10, Nondestructive Testing Overview. Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1996, B._ Krautkramer,J.and H. Krautkramer. Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, fourth edition. New York: Springer-Verlag, Inc. 1990. G2 Ultrasonic Testing, Programmed Instruction Handbook (PI-4-4). San Diego, CA: General Dynamics/Convair ® Division. 1981. (Now published by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.) H.* Ultrasonic Testing, Classroom Training Handbook (CT-6-4). San Diego, CA: General Dynamics/Convait Division, second edition. 1981. (Now published by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.) L* Metals Handbook: Vol. 17, Nondestructive Evaluation and Quality Control, ninth edition, Metals Park, OH: ASM International. 1988. J. McGonnagle, WJ. Nondestructive Testing, second edition, New York: Gordon & Breach, Science Publishers, Ine. 1975, K-* Spaulding, W. and G.C. Wheeler. ASNT Level I! Study Guide: Ultrasonic Testing Method, second edition. ‘Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2002. "Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc Each question found in this book contains letter(s) and page number(s) in bold type immediately following the ‘answers, For example, 5. Another name for a compressional wave is: a. lamb wave b. shear wave Jongituctinal wave d. transverse wave 5887; 40 In this example, the letter “C” refers to Reference C in the list provided above and 557 is the specific page in the d reference where the answer to the question can be found, In addition, information can be found in Reference D on page 10. References may also indicate specific chapters, paragraphs and sections and are indicated as such.vi Reference Usage Ultrasonic Testing Method Reference A: Total = Level | Level It Level I 8 6 2 ° Reference B: Total = 14 Level 5 Levelt) 8 Level Il 1 Reference C: Total =166 Level | 70 Level 68 Level 28 Roforence D: Total =205 Level toa, Level It 95 Lovet Ii 9 Reference E: Total = 4 Level | 0 Level a Level Ii 0 Reference F: Total = 24 Level 8 Level il 8 Level ill 8 Reference G: Total = Level | Level Level tt Reference H: Total Level | Levelt! Level Il Reference |: Total = Level | Level fl Level ti Reference J: Total = Level | Level It Level Ii Reference K: Total Level | Level I Lovet Ii wowLevel | Questions - Ultrasonic Testing Method a » Level I Questions Ultrasonic Testing Method 1, The indication on the instrument display 5, Another name for « compressional wave that represents the far boundary of the is material being tested is called a. famb wave a. hash b, shear wave b. the initial pause © longitudinal wave c. the main bang 4. transverse wave 4. the back surface reflection e587;0.10 6208; 0.26 6. Another name for rayleigh waves is 2. In immersion testing, the position of the transducer is often vatied to transmit a. shear waves sound into the test part at various angles b. longitudinal waves to the front surface. Such a procedtue is & transverse waves referred to as 4. surface waves 4s; bo a. angulation b. dispersion 7. Amaterial used between the face ofa & reflection testing ‘ransducer and the test surface to permit @. refraction or improve the transmission of ultrasonic 6268 vibrations from the transducer to the material being tested is called: 3, The cable that connects the ultrasonic instrument to the transducer is specially a. a wetting agent designed so that one conductor is ’. acouplant centered inside another The technics} © an acoustic transmitter name for such a cable is: 4. alubricant e221; 061 a. BX cable b. conduit 8, The piezoelectric material in a transducer coaxial cable that vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves 4. ultrasonic conductor cable-grade 20 iscalled » bas 2. backing material 4, The process of standardizing an b. Lucite™ wedge instrument or device by using a reference & crystal standard is calle &. couplant ©60:0.46 a. angulation b. calibration € attenuation ¢. correlation css7,037 SCS2 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-14 (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 9. Ultrasonic testing of material where the 12, "The transducer that contains the thinnest probe is in direct contact with the piezoelecteic crystal isa material being tested maybe: a. 1 MHz transducer a. straight beam testing, b, 5 Mb transducer b, surface wave testing 15 MHz transducer c angle beam testing 25 MHz transducer 4. all of the above bar 0.202; 0.463 18, A.25MHz transducer would most likely 10, An advantage of using lithium sulfate in bbe used during: ‘ranscucers is that it a. straight beam contact testing a. iscone of the most efficient generators bi. immersion testing of ultrasonic energy ‘c. angle beam contact testing b. isone of the most efficient receivers of 4. surface wave contact testing ultrasonic energy oar © isinsoluble d. can withstand temperatures as high as 14. The amount of beam divergence from a 700°C: (1 260°F) crystal is primarily dependent on the: pas a. typeof test, Bb. tightness of crystal backing in the transducer © frequency and crystal size d. pulse length 15, Whenan ultrasonic beam passes through the interface between two dissimilar materials at an angle, new angle of sound travel takes place in the second materia due to: a. attenuation b. rarefaction compression 4. refraction 1. The transducer shown in Figure 1 is used 6.38; D.8 for: a. surface wave testing . angle beam testing, c. immersion testing 4. straight beam testing oss PaO CMETCPeTOPET COTOLevel | Questions ~ Ultrasonic Testing Method 3 NOTE: Using Figure 2, answer questions 16 through 20, Figure 2 (No Sweep Delay is Being Used) Al, 0 1 2 3 4 203 mm 152 mm : (8 in.) Gin.) 16, Figure illustrates a contact teston an 19, In Figure 2, indication D represents the: 18 203 min (8 in.) aluminum block. A discontinuity is located 152 mm (6 in.) from the front surface. The display representation for this is shown to the right. What does indication A represent? a. the initial pulse or front surface indication 20, b. the first discontinuity indication the frst back surface reflection d._ none of the above 6.204; 0.26 In Figure 2, indication B represents: a. the inital pulse or front surface 24 indication b. the first discontinuity indication the first back surface reflection none of the above 208; 026 In Figure 2, indication C represents the: a. second back surface reflection D. first discontinuity indication «c. second discontinuity indication. . first back surface reflection 6206; 0.26 a. frst discon indication b. second indication of the discontinuity <. first back surface reflection 4. second back surface reflection ©6208; 0.26 Jn Figure 2, indication E represents the. 4. first discontinuity indication b. second discontinuity indication first back surface reflection . second back surface reflection 205: 026 ‘The velocity of longitudinal waves is approximately __ the velocity of shear waves in the same material ‘ovo times four times Me Sho paz ez poz T aT4 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 28. Aluminum. K 51mm ly Qin) Water 23, 24, Figure 3 illustrates an immersion test of a 76mm (3 in.) block of aluminum with a discontinuity located 51 mm (2 in.) below the surface. The display pattern is shown also. What does indication & ” represent? Assume no sweep delay is used, the first front surface indication b. the initial pulse the first discontinuity indication the frst back surface reflection a7; 1245 In Figure 3, indication B represents the: 28, first front surface indication initial pulse first back surface reflection, first discontinuity reflection bat; 1245 In Figure 3, indication C represents the: first front surface indication b, first discontinuity indication first back surface reflection 29, d. second front surface indication Daz; 1248 26, In Pigure 3, indication D represents the: a, first discontinuity indication b. first back surface reflection second front surface indication d. second discontinuity indication In Figure 3, the distance between indications A and B represents: a. the distance from the front surface of the ahiminum block to the discontinuity b. the distance from the front surface of, the aluminum black to the back surface of the aluminusn block c. the water distance from the transducer to the aluminum block 4. none of the above paTs1265 Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power? a. MHz, b. SMHz, « 10MHz d. 25 MHz p.a7:4.320 Which of the following materials of the same alloy is most likely to produce the greatest amount of sound attenuation ‘over a given distance? ahand forging a coarse-grained casting, an extrusion the attenuation is equal in all, materials 8.377; 0.184; 1298; 3.224 In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as; the initial pulse the back reflection the skip distance the scan path Da0;M28 ear ieee moe asz=SCYESSCETCSC«iLevel | Questions ~ Ultrasonic Testing Method 0 30. Anvltrasonic instrument display pattern 35. containing a large number of low-level indications (often referred to as“hash”) could be caused by: crack a lage inclusion coarse-grained material a gas pocket ao ge 2.47, 196; 1298; 1224 31. Attest method employing two separate 36. transducers on opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called: contact testing surface wave testing .. through- transmission testing, Jamb wave testing e405; 449 37. 32, The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a given period of time (usually 1s) is referred to asthe: a. amplitude of a wave motion 'b, pale length of a wave motion frequency of a wave motion dd. wavelength of a wave motion 045, 195: 425 38. 33, The boundary between two different materials that are in contact with each other is called: a. ararefactor Db. areiractor an interface a. amarker Jase 38, 34.° When the motion of the particles ofa ‘medium is parallel to the ditection of pfopagation, the wave being transmitted ealed « longitudinal wave B, Shear wave surface wave lamb wave 1230 When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse tothe direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a longitudinal wave shear wave surface wave lamb wave pore s2a0 ‘The number“25 million cycles per second” can also be stated as: . 25 kHz 2500 kez 25 MHz 25 uel pore 03: H25 ‘Moving a transducer over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as: scanning attenuating angulating | resonating 4250 A term used in ultrasonics to express the rate at which sound waves pass through various substances is: frequency velocity wavelength pulse lengeh cs637 ‘When an indication has reached the ‘maximum signal height which can be displayed or viewed on the display of an ultrasonic instrument, the indication is said to have reached its: a. distance amplitude height , absorption level ©. vertical level 4. limit of resolution A500 cee ELE EEE Dee «ECTS,8 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book}: Ultrasonic Testing Method 40. An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called: angle beam testing immersion testing contact testing through transmission testing 0.52; H49 apee NOTE: Using Figure 4, answer questions 44 through 43. Figure 4 @. Loe? ey, aL. 43, In Figure 4, angle 1 (@,) is called: the angle of incidence the angle of reflection the angle of refraction none of the above 9.18.20; 4138, 54,55 In Figure angle 2 (0) is called: the angle of incidence the angle of reflection the angle of refraction none of the above age 56: H.98 In Figure 4, angle 3 (,) is called the angle of incidence the angle of reflection the angle of refraction none of the above 4820 44 45, ‘Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between: a. Land 25kHy. Land 1000 Elz €. 0.2and 25 MHz d. 15 and 100 ME baz; 486 In am A sean presentation, the horizontal bbase line represent a. the amount of reflected ultrasonic sound energy . thedistance traveled by the transducer . the elapsed time or distance . none of the above 6:79;0.26 In an A scan presentation, the amplitude cof vertical indications on the display represents the: ‘a, amount of ultrasonic sound energy returning to the transducer distance traveled by the transducer . thickness of material being tested . elapsed time since the ultrasonic pulse was generated 679; 0.26 Which of the following test frequencies would generally provid the best penetration in a 30 em (12 in.) thick specimen of coarse-grained steel? a. MHz b. 2.25 Metz © 5MHz d. 10MHz. bar ey eoy oa oy «RYCazy CTC.Level | Questions - Ultrasonic Testing Method 7 @ « 49. In a basic ultrasonic test pattern (A scan) for contact testing (assuming no sweep delay is used), the initial pulse: 4 isthe high indication om the extreme left side of the display that represents the entry surface of the inspected part b. is the fist pulse that occurs near the right side ofthe display and represents the opposite boundary of the inspected part isan indication that appears and lisappears during screening, 4. isalWways the second pulse from the left on the viewing display .26:1242 Anultrasonic test using a straight beam contact transducer is being conducted through the thickness of a flat part such asa plate. This test should detect: 2, leminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel tthe rolled surface b. transverse-type laws with major dimensions at right angles to the rolled surface radial flaws with major dimensions along length but radially oriented to the rolled surface 4. none ofthe above 320421: F380 In ultrasonic testing, aliquid coupling ‘medium between the crystal surface and the part surface is necessary because: 4. lubricant is required to minimize wear fon the crystal surface ’. an ir interface between the crystal surface and the part surface would almost completely reflect the ultrasonic vibrations © the crystal will not vibrate if placed dicecily in contact with the surface of the part being inspected the liquid is necessary to complete the electrical cicuit im the transducer AEM) 6202.023, 51. 52. 53 Entry surface resolution is a characteristic of an ultrasonic testing system which defines its abi a. detect discontinuities oriented in « direction parallel to the ultrasonic beam , detect discontinuities located in the center ofa forging containing a fine metallurgic structure detect minute surface scratches 4. detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested AES17; D56 During ultrasonic testing by the immersion method, itis frequently necessary to angulate the transducer when @ discontinuity is located in order to: avoid a large number of back reflections that could interfere with a normal test pattern b. obtain a maximum response ifthe discontinuity is not originally oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam 6. obtain the maximum number of entry surface reflections 4, obtain a discontinuity indication of the same height as the indication from the flat bottom hole in a reference block E244; 6.289-202; 0.07 All other factors being equal, the mode of vibration that has the greatest velocity is the: shear wave transverse wave surface wave longitudinal wave passa; Fa7 Pes ae PTS aS GDCSupplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 58, 57, (On the arca amplitude ultrasonic standard test blocks, the flat bottom holes in the blocks are: a. allof the same diameter b. different in diameter, increasing by 0.4 ‘mm (0.016 in.) increments fram the No." L" block to the No."8" block . largest in the No.“I” block and smallest in the No.“8” block a. drilled to different depths from the front surface of the test block E247; 404 In immersion testing, verification that the transducer is normal oa flat entry surface is indicated by: a. maximum reflection from the entry surface b. climination of water multiples . proper wavelength dd, maximum amplitude of the initial pulse 279; 80,278 A piezoelectric material can: 4. convert a longitudinal beam to a shear b. convert an mechanical energy to electrical energy ‘create ionization in atest specimen 4. produce sound waves in a coaxial cable 60; 0.76 Sound waves of a frequency beyond the hearing range of the human ear are referred to as ultrasonic waves or vibrations, and the term embraces all vibrational waves of frequency greater than approximately 59, 60. 6 ‘The velocity of sound waves is primarily «dependent on: a the pulse length b. the angle of incidence . the material, material thickness, and UT frequency (time between signals ‘on the display) 4. none of the above 0.367; 03637: F:38, A disadvantage of using natural quartz in a transducer is that it: ‘2. will issolve in water bis the least effective generator of ultrasonie energy ofall commonly used materials ismechanically and clectrically unstable easly loses it operating characteristics asit ages 0.46; 126 ‘An advantage of using a ceramic transducer in transducers is that it: a. is one of the most efficient generators of ultrasonic energy b. is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy « hasa very low mechanical impedance 4. can withstand iemperatures 2 high as 700°C (1260 °F) 0.46: 4.60 ‘The primary purpose of reference blocks is to: a. aid the operator in obtaining ‘maximum back reflections b. obtain the greatest sensitivity possible from an instrument obtain a common reproducible signal a. 2kHZ d. none of the above b. 200 kHz pat: n322 20000 Hz d. 2 MHz para 9 epeSGSCGSCGSC SSELevel | Questions ~ Ultrasonic Testing Method 9 When testing by the surface wave @7. method, patches of oil or dirt on the surface may: &. block the progress of all sound. attenuate the sound have no effect on the test 4. cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen On many ultrasonic testing instruments, ‘an operator conducting an immersion test can remove that portion of the display presentation that represents water distance by adjusting a: a. pulse length control b. reject control sweep delay contral Fa . indications from multiple surface the angle produced by the same reflections transducer in an aluminum specimen © conversion from the longitudinal ‘would be: (VS,,,= 0.323 cm/s; ‘mode to shear mode Vaq= O31 emus) 4. loss of front surface indications oaas a. less than 45 degrees ’. greater than 45 degrees 17, Where does beam divergence occur? c. 45 degrees unknown: more information is a. near field required b. farfield 58:09 ©. atthe crystal d. none of the above 22, Rayleigh waves are influenced most by 24s; D49 defects located: 18, As frequency inereases in ultrasonic 2, close to oron the surface testing, the angle of beam divergence of @ b. wavelength below the surface given diameter crystal: ©. 3 wavelengths below the surface d._ 6 wavelengths below the surface a decreases 38 b. remains unchanged . increases 23. ‘The ultrasonic testing technique in which ._vaties uniformly through each finger damping is mos effective in wavelength, locating a discontinuity i the: c2it:D.49 a. shear wave technique b. longitudinal wave technique surface wave technique 4. compressional wave technique bass a i a24 — Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 24, Lamb waves can be used to detect 28. Using the immersion method, distance amplitude curve (DAC) for a 19 mm a. laminar-type defects near the surface (0.75 in.) diameter, 5 Miz transducer of a thin material shows the high point of the DAC atthe f. lack of fusion in the center of a thick. 'B/51 mm (2 in.) block, One day later, the weldment high point of the DAC for the same . internal voids in diffusion bonds transducer is at the J/102 mm (4 i.) thickness changes in heavy plate block. Assuming that calibration has not material changed, this would indicate thatthe e400 ‘ransclucer: 25, The ratio ofthe velocity of sourtd in 2. is improving in resolution water compared to that for alaminum ot b. is becoming defective steel is approximately: . has the beam ofa smaller transducer 4. both band ¢ a 18 196297; 9405 bo ta <3 29, What law can be used to calculate the a2 angle of rfeaction within a metal for as both longitudinal and shear waves? 26. Which of the following scanning a. Poisson’ ratio law methods could be classified as an b. Snell's law immersion type test? ¢. Fresnel’ field law . Charles’ law 4. tank in which the transducer and test 5255; 0.49.20 piece are immersed b. squirter bubbler method in which the 30, _Atan interface between two different sound is transmitted in a column of materials, an impedance difference results flowing water in c. scanning with a wheel-type transducer with the transducer inside 2. reflection ofthe entire incident energy aliquid filled tire at the interface all of the above », absorption of sound 267260: 0.67 . division of sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes 27. In an immersion test ofa piece of steel or 4. none of the above aluminum, the water distance appears on ca the display as a fairly wide space between the initial pulse and the front surface 31, When using focused transducers, reflection because of: nonsymmetty in a propagated sound beam may be caused by: a. reduced velocity of sound in water as, compared to test specimen backing material variations b. increased velocity of sound in water b, lens centering or misalignment as compared to test specimen porosity in lenses c. temperature of the water a. allof the above d. all of theabove pas 66; 1248, pie 906 d6z~—~—=PaE:*S*«CSC‘i tO CSCSCSC9 Level Il Questions - Ultrasonic Testing Method 25 32, Ultrasonic wheel units may be used for 36. which of the following types of examination? a. straight or longitudinal examination b. angle beam or shear wave ‘examination c.surface wave or rayleigh wave ‘examination 4. alllof the above 37 Deo 33. During straight beam testing, test ‘specimens with non-parallel front and back surfaces can cause: ‘a, partial o total loss of back reflection B. no lossin back reflection ¢. awidened (broad) back reflection indication 4d. 2 focused (narrow) hack reflection indication 38. 208 34, In the immersion technique, the distance between the face of the transducer and the test surface (water path) is usually adjusted so thatthe time required to send the sound beam through the water: a isequal to the time requited forthe 38. sound to travel through the test piece b. is greater then the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece . isless than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece 4. none of the above 0262 35, InaB scan display, the length of a screen indication from a discontinuity is related 40. ce a. adiscontinuity’s thickness as measured parallel tothe ultrasonic beam. b. the discontinuity’ length in the direction of the transducer travel « both aandb 4d. none of the above 8.204; €358 Which circuit triggers the pulser and sweep circuits in an A scen display? a. receiver-amplifier . power supply clock 4. damping 242 Gn an A scan display, the “dead zone? refers to: ithin the near a. the distance contained field b. the area outside the beam spread the distance covered by the front surface pulse width and recovery time 4, the area between the near field and the far field 267 ‘On an A scan display, what represents the intensity of a reflected beam? echo pulse width horizontal screen location signal brightness, signal amplitude cara Of the following scan types, which one can be used to produce a recording of flaw areas superimposed over a plan view of the test piece? a. Ascan b. Bscan ce Cscan @. Dscan haa In immersion testing in a small tank, a ‘manually operated manipulator is used to: set the proper water path set the proper transducer angle set the proper index function complete both a and b casas POP 86E«OPBECLESCECSCSE ape PEE CE26 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-LA (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 41 In straight (normal) beam contact 6 testing, a reduction in the beck surface reflection amplitude could indicate: a. inadequate coupling i. a flaw which is not normal to the beam . a near surface defect that cannot be resolved from the main bang (initial pulse) 4. allof the above 205 44. 2 4.152 mm (6 in.) diameter vod is being inspected for centerline cracks, The A 46 scan presentation for one complete path through the rod is as show in Figure 2 ‘The alarm gate should: be used between points A and E be used at point D only be used between points B and D not be used for this application pa6a7 In an automatic scanning immersion unit, the bridge or carriage serves to: 4. support the manipulator and seanner tube and to move it about transversely and longitudinally b. control the angular and transverse positioning ofthe scanner tube . contol the vertical and angular positioning ofthe scanner tube 4. aise and lower the transducer cadoatt ‘When adjusting the law locating rule for a shear wave weld inspection, the zero point on the rule must coincide with the: sound beam exit point of the wedge point directly over the flaw wheel transducer . the product of the density of the material is called: ‘material and the velocity of sound in the material 2. the acoustic impedance ofthe found by Snell ta interface 4. used io determine resonance values b. Young's modulus €.96, 98, 556; 1.235 ©. Poisson's ratio d. the index of refraction 139. Thin sheet may be inspected with the 97,297 ultrasonic wave directed normal to the surface by observing 14. ‘The expansion and contraction of a ‘magnetic material under the influence of the amplitude of the front su 1 changing magnetic field is referred to reflection as bb. the multiple reflection pattern ¢. all front surface reflections a. piezoelectricity 4d. none of the above b. refraction p.asea5s € magnetostriction dd. rarefaction 140. A diagcam in which the entire circuit 116 ‘stage or sections are shown by geometric figures and the path of the signal or 145. ‘The ratio of stress to strain in a material ‘energy by lines andi within the elastic Limit is called a. schematic diagram a. Young's modulus , blueprint b. the modulus of elasticity block diagram © bothaandd 4. none of the above di. the index of refraction cas, 157 319,482 °G0E OL POP Gzyt PTFE «OP «ASET GBET LET °9ET0 Level Il Questions ~ Ultrasonic Testing Method 39. 146. A point, line, or surface of a vibrating IL body marked by absolute or relative freedom from vibratory motion is referred to as: anode anantinode rarefaction compression ange 8.856; F9 147, The factor that determines the amount of reflection at the interface of two dissimilar materiale is: a. theindex of rarefaction be. the frequency ofthe ultrasonic wav . Youngs modulus J. the acoustic impedance 132 86 148. A quartz crystal cut so that its major faces are parallel to the Zand Yaxes and perpendicular to the X axis is called a Y-cut crystal an X-cut crystal a Zcut crystal aZ¥-cutceystal 183. coe 149, ‘The equation describing wavelength in terms of velocity and frequency is ‘wavelength = velocity x frequency ‘wavelength = z (frequency x velocity) wavelength = velocity + frequency wavelength = frequency + velocity e358 154 pose 150, When an ultrasonic beam reaches the interface of two dissimilar materials i is: reflected refracted mode converted. all of the above ‘When inspecting aluminum by the immersion method using water for 2 couplant, the following information is known: velocity of sound in water = 1.49 x 10° cm/s, velocity of Jongitudinal waves in aluminum = 6.32 x 10° cm/s, and angle of incidence = 5 degrees “The angle of refraction for longitudinal ‘waves is approximately: 22. degrees 18 degrees 26 degrees 16 degrees 45, 6253 Of the piezoelectric materials listed below the most efficient sound ‘transmitter is: a. lithiom sulfate b. quartz barium titanate 4d. silver oxide 1255 Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound receiver a. lithiam sulfate b. quartz barium titanate d. silver oxide L255 ‘The most commonly used method of producing shear waves ina test part when inspecting by the immersion method is 4. by transmitting longitudinal waves into a part in a direction perpendicular to its front surface b. byusing two erystals vibrating at different frequencies esa, 208 . byusinga Y-cut quartz crystal d._ by angulating the search tube to the : proper angle L288 Pest est ZT STST POST GPT GRDT PLDT eOPT‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 155, Beam divergence is a function of the dimensions of the crystal and the wavelength of the beam transmitted through a medium, and it increases ifthe frequency or erystal diameter decreases, bb decreases if the frequency or crystal diameter decreases increases if the frequency increases and crystal diameter decreases decreases ifthe frequency is increases and crystal diameter decreases bai. 49 156, The wavelength of an ultrasonic wave is: a. directly proportional to velocity and frequency bb. directly proportional to velocity and inversely proportional to frequency ©. inversely proportional to velocity and directly proportional to frequency 4, equal to the product of velocity and frequency e233 157. The fundamental frequency of a piezoelectric crystal is primarily a function of the length of the applied voltage pulse . the amplifying characteristics of the pulse amplifier in the instrument the thickness of the erystal 4. none of the above a7: 3.228 158, Acoustic velocities of materials are primarily due to the materials a. density. b. elasticity . both aandb . acoustic impedance n2ar 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. Inspection of castings is often impractical because of extremely small grain structure coarse grain structure uniform flow lines 1. uniform velocity of sound 428; 1390 Lamb waves may be used to inspect: a. forgings bb. bar stock . ingots thin sheet vas “The formula used to determine the engle ‘of beam divergence of a quartz crystal is: a. sin @ = diameter 1/2 x wavelength b. sin @ diameter = frequency ‘wavelengih, ¢, sin @= frequency x wavelength sin 0/2 = 1.22 x wavelength/diameter bao The resolving power of a transducer is directly proportional to its: diameter bandwidth pulse repetition none of the above 1286 Acoustic lens elements with which of the following permit focusing the sound energy to enter cylindrical surfaces normally or along. line focus? a. cylindrical curvatures b. spherical lens curvatures ©. convex shapes concave shapes 289 Pear azet PrOT Poot Nest RST ug OST OSTLevel II Questions - Ultrasonic Testing Method 44 164, In the basic pulse echo instrument, the 168, When testing a part with a rough surface, synchronizer, clock or timer circuit itis generally advisable to use: determines the: a. alower frequency transducer and a a. pulse length ‘more viscous couplant than is used on bb gain parts with a smooth surface ©. pulse repetition rate b. higher frequency transducer and a d._ sweep length ‘more viscous couplant than is used on Lazo parts with a smooth surface & ahigher frequency transducer and a 165. The primary requirement of a paintbrush less viscous couplant than is used on transducer is that parts with a smooth surface 4. alower frequency transducer anda a, all crystals be mounted equidistant less viscous couplant than is used on from each other parts with a smooth surface >. the intensity ofthe beam pattern not bea vary greatly over the entire length of the transducer 169. Reflection indications from a weld area the fundamental frequency of the being inspected by the angle beam crystals not vary more than 0.01% technique may represent: 4. the overall length not exceed 76 mm Gin.) a. porosity, asa b. cracks © weld bead 166, Heat conduction, viscous friction, elastic 4. all ofthe above hysteresis, and scattering are four oaoes2 different mechanisms which lead to: 170, During 2 test using A sean equipment, a. attenuation strong indications that move at varying b. refraction rates across the screen in the horizontal ©. beam spreading direction appear. Itis impossible to repeat 4. saturation «particular screen pattern by scanning L238 the same area. A possible cause of these indications is 167. Because the velocity of sound in aluminum is approximately 245 000 in./s, a. porosity inthe test part for sound to travel through 25 mm (1 in.) b. an irregularly shaped crack of aluminum, it takes: ©. ablowhole 4d. electrical interference a. Yas 1246 b. dus 4ms UL, Inan A sean presentation, the horizontal , Yax10's line formed by the uniform and repeated 1163, 233 ‘movernent of an electron beam across the fluorescent screen of a screen is called: a. a square wave pattern b. asweep line © amarker pattern d. none of the above 0.480, 187; W244 GT post ~PeOT BST GIST SGT ASOT oFoT‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 172, ‘The greatest amount of attenuation losses take place at: 1 MHz 2.25 MHz 5 MHz lL 10 MFiz aoge bas 173. Waves that travel around gradual curves with little or no reflection from the curve are called: transverse waves surface waves shear waves longitudinal waves ages p29 174, To evaluate and accurately locate discontinuities after scanning a part with a paintbrush transducer, itis generally necessary to use a: a. transducer with 2 smaller crystal b. scrubber grid map. dl. crystal collimator ost 175, An ultrasonic instrument has been calibrated to obtain a 51 mm (2 in.) ination from a 2 mm (0.08 in.) dlimeter flat bottom hole located 76 mm (Gin. fom the fron aluminum reference block. When testing an akaminum forging, a 51 mim (2 in.) indication is obtained from a discontinuity located 76 mm (3 in.) from the entry surface. The cross sectional area of this discontinuity is probably urface of a. the sameas the area of the 2mm (0.08 in.) flat bottom hole b. greater than the area of the 2mm, (0.08 in,) flat bottom hole . slightly ess than the area of the 2 mm. (0.08 in.) flat bottom hole . about one-half the area of the 2 mm (0.08 in,} flat bottom hole 176, 17, 179. As the impedance ratio of two dissimilar ‘materials increases, the percentage of sound coupled through an interface of such materials: a. decreases Db. increases isnot changed d, may increase or decrease 1236 Lower frequency sound waves are not senerally used for pulse-echo testing of thinner materials Because of the rapid attenuation of low frequency sound b. incompatible wavelengths © poor near-surface resolution 4. none of the above will actually limit such atest 234 In immersion testing, the accessory equipment to which the search cable and the transducer are attached is called a: a, crystal collimator b, scrubber . jet-stream unit ‘Search tube or scanning whe pags In general, discontinuities in wrought products tend to be oriented: a. randomly b. in the direction of grain flow . at right angles to the entry surface a. atright angles to the grain ow 0.126 In immersion testing of round bars, the back surface contour may result i: a. loss of back reflection b. additional indications following the direct back surface reflection inability to distinguish the actual distance to the back surface reflection L262 4, false indications of discontinuities neat the back surface Hana PORT AGLT PRE OLLT eOLT Git erlt ELT ELTLevel Il Questions - Ultrasonic Testing Method 43 181. In contact testing, defects near the entry surface cannot always be detected because off the far-field effect attenuation the dead zone refraction 208; 058 186, ‘To prevent the appearance of the second front surface indication before the fist back reflection when inspecting aluminum by the immersion method (water is used as a couplant), itis necessary to have a minimum of atleast 25 mm (1 in.) of water for every: a. 51mm (2 in.) of aluminum b. 102mm (4 in.) of aluminum 4 182. In cases where the diameter of tubing 152 mm (6 in.) of aluminum being inspected is smaller than the i. 203 mm (8 in.) of aluminum diameter of the transducer, what can be HA45, 1258 used to confine the sound beam to the proper range of angles? 187. Increasing the length of the pulse used to activate the transducer will: a. asceubber b. acollimator a. increase the strength of the . anengle plane angulator ultrasound but decrease the resolving di. ajet-stream unit power of the instrument c.220291 b, increase the resolving power of the instrument 183. Which of the following is more likely to c. have no effect on the test limit the maximum scanning speed in d, decrease the penetration of the sound immersion testing? wave p26 a. the frequency of the transducer b. viscous drag problems 188. The lack of parallelism between the entry cc. the pulse repetition rate of the test surface and the back surface: instrument 4. the persistency of the ultrasonic |& may result in a screen pattern that instrument display does not contain back reflection 6.403 indications b, makes it difficult to locate 184. The property of certain materials to discontinuities that lie parallel to the transform electrical energy to mechanical entry surface energy and vice versa is called: c. usually indicates that a porous condition exists in the metal a. mode conversion d. decreases the penetrating power af the b. piezoelectric effect test c refraction see d, impedance matching 8.66.69; €.60; 0.45; Rad7-424 185. Surface waves are reduced to an energy level of approximately !/2s of the original power at a depth of: a. 25mm (Lin.} b, 102mm (4 in.) & Lwavelength d. 4 wavelengths W292, 1234 eget 8ST G98) GET abBI ORB GzAT OTRTSupplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Uitrasonic Testing Method 189, A discontinuity with a concave surface will ‘a, diffuse the sound energy throughout the part bo. cause the reflected beam to focus ata point determined by the curvature of the discontinuity cause mode reinforcement of the ultrasonic wave cause none of the above aan 190. Rayleigh waves: ‘a. are generated at the first critical angle ’, are generated at the second critical angle ate generated at either critical angle 4. travel only in aliquid tasa2sa 191. Angle beam testing of plate will often a, cracks that are perpendicular to the sound wave 193. 194, In a plate skip distance can be calculated from which of the following formmlas ‘where (r= plate thickness, 8 = angle of sound beam refraction, and Y= sound velocity) 2x Hitan 8 xxsin 6 & S=2x1xtan® d. S=2xVxsin@ 1266 ‘The technique of examining an ultrasonic reflector from different directions might be used to enable the technician to: a. distinguish between different types of flaws . predict the useful service life of the test specimen . distinguish between flaw indications and spurious or false indications . accept an indication that appeared to be rejectable from the first test direction tear ’b. inclusions that are randomly oriented 195. Attenuation isthe loss ofthe ultrasonic, «laminations that ate parallel to the ‘wave energy during the course of frontsu propagation in the material due to: 4. aseries of small discontinuities 1262 a. reflection and refraction bi. dispersion and diffraction 192, Reducing the extent of the dead zone of a absorption and scattering transducer by using a delay tip results in: 4. composition and shape Fs08 2. improved distance amplitude correction in the near eld 196. In immersion shear wave testing, waves b. reduced frequency ofthe primary are normally generated by angulating the ultrasonic beam transducer beyond the frst critical angle & reduced ability to detect flaws inthe ‘What is the direction of the materials near field patticle motion? 4. improved accuracy in thickness measurement of thin plate and sheet a. the same asthe wave propagation 258 ’. normal to the material surface ¢. parallel to the direction of wave propagation €._ perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation 1233 poor og6t PGT ROT PzeT oer OGD deerLevel II Questions ~ Ultrasonic Testing Method 45. @ 197. Which of the following modes of 199, When setting up for an ultrasoy 198. vibration are quickly dampened out \when testing by the immersion method? a longitudinal waves b shear waves transverse waves, di. surface waves basz The most commonly used method of, producing shear waves in a flat test part, when inspecting by the immersion method is: by transmitting longitudinal waves into a part ina direction perpendicular to its front surface b. by using two crystals vibrating at different frequencies by using Y-cut quartz erystal d. by angulating the search tube or manipulator to the proper angle ber inspection the high pulse repetition rate of the instrument must be: slow enough to allow the instrument display to refresh with each pulse b. fast enough to ensure that the small rejectable discontinuity will be detected & Jow enough so that transmitted waves ‘will not interfere with refected signals i fast enough for the operator to be able to rely on the flaw alarm instead of constantly watching the screen cas7 e6r PSET LET46 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing MethodLevel Ill Questions - Ultrasonic Testing Method ® Level I Questions Ultrasonic Testing Method Tn.an ultrasonic test system where signal amplitudes are displayed, an advantage of a frequency-independent attenuator over a continuously variable gain control is that! athe pulse shape distortion is ess b the signal amplitude measured using the attenuator is independent of frequency «. the dynamic range of the system is decreased 4. the effect of amplification theeshold is avoided cas An amplifier in which received echo pulses must exceed a certain threshold voltage before they can be indicated ight be used to: a. suppress amplifier noise, unimportant scatter echoes, or small flaw echoes that are of no consequence b. provide a display with nearly ideal ‘vertical linearity characteristics . compensate for the unavoidable effects of material attenuation losses provide distance amplitude correction ‘automatically, e276 ‘The output voltage from a saturated amplifier is: 8, 180 degeees out of phase from the input voltage b. lower than the input voltage . nonlinear with respect to the input voltage below saturation 76, 482 The transmitted pulse at the output of the pulser usually has a voltage of 100 to 1000 ¥ whereas the voltages ofthe echoes at the input ofthe amplifier are on the order of a. 0,001-1V bos < Vv a 50v ravsa76 The intended purpose ofthe adjustable calibrated attenuator of an ultrasonic instrument is to: a. control transducer damping b, increase the dynamic range of the instrument . broaden the frequency range 4. attenuate the voltage applied to the transducer 86, 150, 163 Which of the following might result in inereased transmission of ultrasound int a coarse-grained material? a, perform the examination with a smaller diameter transclucer b. perform the examination after a grain refining heat treatment c. change from a contact examination to an immersion examination 4. change from a longitudinal to a transverse wave pazs a 8 a co48 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNF-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method bas ase Ina forging, Naws associated with nonmetallic inclusions can most accurately be described as being: b. a, oriented parallel to the major axis parallel to the minor axis aligned with forging flo lines |. oriented at approximately 45 degrees to the forging direction F340 The preferred method of ultrasonically inspecting a complex-shaped forging: 4 is an automated immersion test of the finished forging using an instrument containing a calibrated attenuator in conjunction with a C scan recorder ’. combines thorough inspection of the billet prior to forging witha careful inspection of the finished part in all areas where the shape permits €. isa manual contact test ofthe finished part 4, is an automated immersion test of the billet prior to forging 504 ‘When maximum sensitivity is required from a transducer: a. a straight-beam unit should be used large diameter crystals are requited &. the piezoelectric clement should be driven at its fundamental resonant frequency 4. the band width of the transducer should be as large as possible cone iL 13, ‘The sensitivity of an ultrasonic test system: a. depends on the transducer, pulser, and amplifier used bb decreases as the frequency is increased increases as the resolution increases . isnot related to mechanical damping, or the transducer 4647, 56 ‘The ability ofa test system to separate the front-surface echo and the echo from a small discontinuity just below the surfaces 2. depends primarily upon the pulse length generated from the instrument b. isnot related to the surface roughness of the part under inspection is primarily related to the thickness of the part under inspection 4. isusually improved by using a larger diameter transchicer casuaas ‘Transducer sensitivity is most often determined by: a, calenlations based on frequency and thickness of piezoelectric element b. the amplituce of the response from an attificial discontinuity comparing it toa similar transducer made by the same manufacturer d. determining che ringing time of transducer 0.402404, 106 Notches are frequently used as reference reflectors for a. distance amplitude calibration for shear waves . area amplitude calibration © thickness calibration of plate 4. determining near-surface solutions c.194-98; 4.349, 322 cept Aer ear Or 2LLevel Ill Questions - Ultrasonic Testing Method 49 15. Notches provide good reference 20, Im A scan equipment, the RF pulser discontinuities when UT examination is ‘output voltage is normally in the range conducted to primarily detect defects of suchas: a Lov a. porosity in rolled plate ®. w-100V 'b. inadequate penetration atthe root of ©. 100-1000 aweld 4. 1000-3000 V . weld porosity cas2 4. internal inclusions ¢497.198 21, When contact testing, an increase in tightness ofa shrink fit to a hollow shaft 16. ‘The difference between a compression will cause the ratio of the back reflection and shear wave is: to the metal-to-metal interface reflection to quantitative measure particle direction a. increase qualitative measure b. decrease dd. amplitude ©. remain unchanged 042: 87 4. cannot be predicted as the response is material-dependent 17. The particle motion for rayleigh waves is Fars usually described as 22, The frequency that can best distinguish a. sinusoidal the difference between a large planar b. circular defect and 4 stacked (multiple layered) 0 fans inion lc shear 0.45: 0.66 a. 05 MHz bt Metz 18, Based upon wave theory and ignoring ©. 225MHz attenuation losses, the echo amplitude is d. SMH 320 a. directly proportional to the distance to the reflector 23, During immersion examination, when b. inversely proportional tothe distance evaluating the response from a contoured to the reflector surface ofa part, irrelevant indications &. directly proportional to the square of due to the contour are most likely to the distance to the reflector appear as: 4. inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the reflector a. sharp spiked signal indications ns10 b. irregular signal indications broad-based signal indications 19. The rate generator in B scan equipment a. hash will invariably be directly connected to 278; aaa the: a. display intensity circuit . pulser circuit ¢. REamplifie circuit 4. horizontal sweep circuit > 30 2 OeeSCTZ:SCKESCT:SCSC TOTS50 Supplement to Recommencied Practice SNT-TC:1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 24. ‘The pube applied tothe electrodes of the 29, Rough surfaces case the echo amplitide ultrasonic tanedacer is fiom discontinuities within the part to: a. electical a increase b. mechanical b decrease ._electro-mecbanical €. notehange €. piezoelectrical 4. change frequency oz e202 25. In calibrating an ultrasonic test 30, ‘The resonant frequency of a2 em instrument uiliing the responses ftom (0.79 in) thick plate of Naval brass each of the area amplitude type reference (= 4.43 x 10cm) is blocks, the determination of the: 2. 0.903 Miz a. vertical range is obtained b. 048 MHz B. pulse range ie obtained c. 0.222.MMbt2 ©. fesolving range is obtained @. 11 MHz 4. horizontal range is obtained 26,223 (0195-196; 457 31, Resonance testing equipment generally 26, ‘Test sensitivity corrections for metal utilizes distance and discontinuity area responses are accomplished by using a. pulsed fongitudinal waves b. continuotslongitadinal waves a. an area amplitude set of blocks . pulsed shear waves b. anarea amplitude anda distance 21. continuous shear waves “amplitude set of blocks are, 505 ¢@ & adistance amplitude set of blocks 4. steel balls of varying diameter 32. Toeliminate the decrease of sensitivity 0496196; 856 close toa wall which is parallel tothe beam direction, the transducer used should be 27. “The time from the start ofthe ultrasonic pulse until the reverberations completely 2 as small as possible Alecay limits the maximum usable: bk of as low frequency as possible bothasnd 6 a. pase time-flaw rate dL lange and with a frequency as high as B. pulseriecever rate possible «. pale repetition rate oss 4. modified pulse-time rate 676 33. Some information on the shape ofa flaw may be given by. 28. Rough surfaces can cause undesirable effets which are noticeable when parts 4. theshape ofthe echo are tested ultrasonically, including b. the amplitude of the echo © bothaand 2 annulac maxima rings &. neither anor bam increase in the with of front face 427, 207208;1.248 echo and consequent loss of resolving power acoustical mismatch 4. asymmetrical modes cz wee bee ~CTES*C‘OES*C« SCSLevel Ill Questions - Ultrasonic Testing Method 5. 6 34, Which of the following transducer 39. The thickness range of U'' resonance raterials makes the best transmitter: thickness gages can be increased by: a quartz a. using large transducers b. lithiom sulfate '. operating atthe fundamental barium titanate frequency 4. none of the above . operating at a harmonic frequency 0.46; 1.255 4. increasing the voltage cass86 35. Of the transducer materials listed below, the most efficient receiver is 40. The ability of transchucers to detect «echoes from small defects is a definition a quartz, for: bi. lithium sulfate . barium titanate a. resolution a. lead metaniobate Db. sensitivity 0.46; 1.255 &. definition 4 gain 36. ‘The concentration of energy in the far cea ficld of a transducer beam is: 41, ‘The length of the near field for a 2.5 cm a. greatest atthe outer edges of the beam ( in.) diameter, 5 MHz transducer b. greatest atthe center of the beam placed in oil (V = 1.4 x 10° ems) is ©. the same at the outer edges as in the approximately center of the beam . ditectly proportional to beam width 4. 0.028 em (0.01 in.) € 223¢m (88in.) 37. Atypical application of shear waves in 4. 55.8 em (22 in.) ultrasonic testing is the inspection of 2.97: 0.210 a. welds 42, From the equation for the length of the b. plate near field, it can be determined that the c. pipe and tobing near field can be minimized by: 4. all ofthe above can, a. decreasing water travel distance by. increasing transducer diameter 38, In angle beam shear wave testing, skip decreasing the size of reference targets distance will asthe decreasing tes frequency thickness of the test specimen is e210 inereased 43. Ina water (V, = 1.5 x 10 emis) a. decrease immersion test, ultrasonic energy is b. not change transmitted into steel (V, = 3.2% ©. increase 10° cm/s) at an incident angle of decrease by half with double thickness 14 degrees. What isthe refracted shear F299:303, ‘wave within the material? a 13 degrees b. 35 degrees © 31 degrees > @. SS degrees c283 a a a a52 ‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNF-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Method 44, The acoustic impedance for brass 47. What is the transducer half-angle beam @ (= 443 x 10° ems, p = 8.42 em/em) ist spread of a 1.25 cm diameter, 2.25 MHz transducer in water (V= 15 x 10° ens)? 2. 0.53 x 10° gmfem's b. 1.9% 10° gm/en’s a. 2.5 degrees & 9:4 10° gmfem’s b, 3.75 degrees 4. 37 « 10° gm/em's &. 37.5 degrees 26a 4. 405 degrees 2144220 45, The principal attributes that determine the differences in ultrasonic velocities 48, The term that is used to determine the among materials are: relative transmittance and reflectance of ulteasonic energy at an interface is called a. frequency and wavelength b. thickness and travel time acoustic atenuation & clasticty and density bi. interface refraction 4. chemistry and permeability €. acoustic impedance ratio naar 4. acoustic frequency bas 46, What would be the wavelength of the energy in lead (V= 2.1 x 10% cris) if itis tested with a 25 MH transducer? a. 119 cm (47 in.) b. 0.525 .em (0.21 in.) ©. 0.0119 em (0,008 in.) 4. 0.0084 em (0.008 in.) @ car esSupplement to Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Ultrasonic Testing Text Corrections ‘The following text corrections apply to the first printing of Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A): Ultrasonic Testing. Subsequent printings of the document will incorporate the corrections into the published text. Level I Page 16, Question 130 - Answer “b” should be changed to read: b, distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and its length in the direction of transducer travel.depth-below+he surface Page 18, Question 147 ~ Answer ‘a” of should be changed to read: a acase, a crystal, amount; wear plate and backing Level Il Page 21, Question 7 - The correct answer is “c", Page 30, Question 74 ~ The correct answer is “a”. Page 31, Question 80 - Answer “c" should be changed to read: ~~~. greater than # 1/4 the thickness of the part. Page 33, Question Page 3§, Questio 2 ~ The correct answer is “a”. ~ The correct answer is “c’. Level II] Page 48, Question 7 ~ Should be deleted. Catalog #2028 Book printed 12/09 Errata created 02/12