MODULE 4

UNFOLDING THE MENTAL SELF

This module focuses on the intellectual aspects of the self. As intelligent beings, humans strive and successfully cope with the demands of the
environment across time. People’s intellectual abilities mark the superiority of humans over other animals in the planet. Thus, a thorough
understanding of this gift to humanity warrants serious attention. This module also covers discussion on how human beings learn, and how learning
abilities develop one’s being.

PRE-ACTIVITY
Direction: What is your own idea about cognition, memory, and intelligence? Put it on the shapes below.

COGNITION

MEMORY

INTELLIGENCE
 Cognition, Memory, and Intelligence
This section discusses the nature of cognition and metacognition, its underlying mechanisms, and how it contributes to one’s sense of self. This
further tackles the mechanism of human memory and the different types of human intelligence.
Cognition
• People are born with innate capabilities that empower them to manage themselves in various settings and situations.
• Cognition is a crucial part of an individual’s development process which influences behavior, just as how behavior also impacts it, assuming
bi-directional connection. The way information is taken in and how it is analyzed and processed is a function of human cognition.
• Cognition is defined as the complex array of mental processes involved in remembering, perceiving, thinking, and how these processes are
employed (Ashcraft & Radvansky, 2010). It is an umbrella term to cover all high-order thinking processes.

Memory
• If cognition covers all higher-order thinking processes within an individual, a major focus of its study is the function of memory. It is the
faculty of the mind through which information is acquired and retained for later use.
Memory functions in 3 levels:
• Sensory memory is the level that allows infomation from the external environment to be perceived by an individual through senses, usually
in the form of chemical and physical stimuli, often with focus and intent.
• Short-term, working memory is where information is temporarily stored, where information is simultaneously remembered and is in a
readily-available state, typically from 10 to 15 seconds, up to one minute. It can store up to 5-9 items, after which information is discarded if
there is no conscious and deliberate effort to retain it.
• When there is a deliberate effort to store information and it is done consistently and with practice, then this information is transferred to long-
term memory. Information stored in long-term memory is often permanent and allows for repeated retrievals across situations.

Intelligence
• The term is referred to as an individual’s capacity for understanding, learning, planning, and problem solving with logic, creativity, and self-
awareness.
• It is characterized as the application of knowledge to be able to adjust to the environment.
• It is the process of applying knowledge in the proper context whenever the need arises.
• A number of theories have already been presented regarding intelligence.
 Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences

What is Multiple Intelligences Theory?

• Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have.
• This theory challenged the traditional notion that there is one single type of intelligence, sometimes known as “g” for general intelligence,
that only focuses on cognitive abilities.
• To broaden this notion of intelligence, Gardner introduced eight different types of intelligences consisting of: Linguistic,
Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalist.
• Gardner notes that the linguistic and logical-mathematical modalities are most typed valued in school and society.
• Gardner also suggests that there may other “candidate” intelligences—such as spiritual intelligence, existential intelligence, and moral
intelligence—but does not believe these meet his original inclusion criteria. (Gardner, 2011).
The theory of multiple intelligences was first proposed by Howard Gardner in his 1983 book “Frames of Mind”, where he broadens the definition of
intelligence and outlines several distinct types of intellectual competencies.
Gardner developed a series of eight inclusion criteria while evaluating each "candidate” intelligence that was based on a variety of scientific
disciplines.
He writes that we may all have these intelligences, but our profile of these intelligence may differ individually based on genetics or
experience.

✓ Spatial Intelligence (“picture smart”)

Spatial intelligence features the potential to recognize and manipulate the patterns of wide space (those used, for instance, by navigators and
pilots) as well as the patterns of more confined areas, such as those of importance to sculptors, surgeons, chess players, graphic artists, or architects.
People with spatial intelligence, such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Amelia Earhart, have an ability to recognize and manipulate large-scale and fine-
grained spatial images.
Potential Career Choices (Careers you could dominate with your spatial intelligence)
Pilot
Surgeon
Architect
Graphic Artist
Interior Decorator

✓ Linguistic Intelligence (“word smart”)

Linguistic Intelligence is a part of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory that deals with sensitivity to the spoken and written language,
ability to learn languages, and capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals.
People with linguistic intelligence, such as William Shakespeare and Oprah Winfrey, have an ability to analyze information and create products
involving oral and written language such as speeches, books, and memos.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your linguistic intelligence:
Lawyer
Speaker / Host
Author
 Journalist
Curator

✓ Interpersonal Intelligence (“people smart”)

Interpersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations, and desires of other people and consequently to work effectively
with others.
People with interpersonal intelligence, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa, have an ability to recognize and understand other people’s
moods, desires, motivations, and intentions.
Potential Career Choices
Careers you could dominate with your interpersonal intelligence:
Teacher
Psychologist
Manager
Salespeople
Public Relations

✓ Intrapersonal Intelligence (“self smart”)

Intrapersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself, to have an effective working model of oneself-including own’s desires,
fears, and capacities—and to use such information effectively in regulating one’s own life.
People with intrapersonal intelligence, such as Aristotle and Maya Angelou, have an ability to recognize and understand his or her own
moods, desires, motivations, and intentions.
This type of intelligence can help a person to understand which life goals are important and how to achieve them.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your intrapersonal intelligence:
Therapist
Psychologist
Counselor
Entrepreneur
Clergy
 ✓ Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (“number/reasoning smart”)
Logical-mathematical intelligence refers to the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and
investigate issues scientifically.
People with logical-mathematical intelligence, such as Albert Einstein and Bill Gates, have an ability to develop equations and proofs,
make calculations, and solve abstract problems.
Potential Career Choices
Careers you could dominate with your logical-mathematical intelligence:
Mathematician
Accountant
Statistician
Scientist
Computer Analyst

✓ Musical Intelligence (“music smart”)

Musical intelligence refers to the skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns.
People with musical intelligence, such as Beethoven and Ed Sheeran, have an ability to recognize and create musical pitch, rhythm,
timbre, and tone.
Potential Career Choices
Careers you could dominate with your musical intelligence:
Singer
Composer
DJ
Musician

✓ Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (“body smart”)

Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the potential of using one’s whole body or parts of the body (like the hand or the mouth) to solve
problems or to fashion products.
People with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, such as Michael Jordan and Simone Biles, have an ability to use one’s own body to create
products, perform skills, or solve problems through mind–body union.
 Potential Career Choices
Careers you could dominate with your bodily-kinesthetic intelligence:
Dancer
Athlete
Surgeon
Mechanic
Carpenter
Physical Therapist

✓ Naturalist intelligence (“nature smart”)

Naturalistic intelligence involves expertise in the recognition and classification of the numerous species—the flora and fauna—of his or
her environment.
People with naturalistic intelligence, such as Charles Darwin and Jane Goddall, have an ability to identify and distinguish among
different types of plants, animals, and weather formations that are found in the natural world.
Potential Career Choices
Careers you could dominate with your naturalist intelligence:
Botanist
Biologist
Astronomer
Meteorologist
Geologist
 ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read the sentences carefully. Write your answer on the blank.
____________1. It is referred to as an individual’s capacity for understanding, learning, planning, and problem solving with logic,
creativity, and self-awareness.
______________2. He proposed the theory of multiple intelligence.
______________3. Is defined as the complex array of mental processes involved in remembering, perceiving, thinking, and how these
processes are employed.
______________4. It is the faculty of the mind through which information is acquired and retained for later use.
______________5. Deals with sensitivity to the spoken and written language, ability to learn languages, and capacity to use language to
accomplish certain goals.
______________6. An ability to identify and distinguish among different types of plants, animals, and weather formations that are found in
the natural world.
______________7. Refers to the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues
scientifically.
______________8. Is the capacity to understand oneself, to have an effective working model of oneself-including own’s desires, fears, and
capacities
______________9. This theory challenged the traditional notion that there is one single type of intelligence, sometimes known as “g” for
general intelligence, that only focuses on cognitive abilities.
______________10. an ability to recognize and manipulate large-scale and fine-grained spatial images.
 ACTIVITY 1

Direction: Have a one on one interview with one of the professionals in your area. Follow the guide below.
a. Have a picture with him/her (Put it on the guide below)
b. Ask his/her full name, age, nature of work.
c. Ask also the ff.
• How many years are you in working your chosen field?
• Why did you choose your profession? Is that your real talent and ability? Or someone push you to pursue that field?
• What is your best dream in life?
• How did you finish that profession?
• Can you give me your best advice on how can I achieve my dreams like what you did?
d. Prepare another bond paper and combine all the information by ff. the guide below.

PICTURE

Introduce the one you interviewed and put all

the information about him/her.
 ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Answer the following from your own ideas and perspective.
1. What are the basis of following your wants in life? Your mental self, emotional or environment ideas?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Observe yourself and connect from the Howard’s multiple intelligence, what intelligence and abilities are you belong? And explain why.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. In choosing your profession, what things will you consider to make it happen?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What is your course now? Is that your true intelligence and talent? If it is not, why did you choose that and will you continue to pursue it?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________.

ACTIVITY 3

Direction: Think again your skills and dream profession. Research 20 terminologies about it (with
meaning) and write it on any papers (It’s your choice) Make it very creative.