SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PARAÑAQUE CITY

TLE 9-CSS : THIRD QUARTER : WEEK 3

Fiber Optics

Until recently, cables are the only medium used to connect devices on networks. A
wide variety of networking cables are available. Coaxial and twisted-pair cables use
copper to transmit data. Fiber-optic cables use glass or plastic to transmit data.
These cables differ in bandwidth, size, and cost. You need to know what type of
cable to use based on the job requirements. You also need to be able to troubleshoot
and repair problems along the way.
Learning Competencies
LO 1 Install network cables (TLE_IACSS912SUCN-Iva-j-33)
1.2 Determine cable routes in accordance with network design and
actual installation site
1.3 Identify necessary network materials in accordance with
established procedures and check against system requirements.
• Network cable installation
• Fiber optic cables splicing and installation requirements.
Objectives
At the end of the lesson the learners are expected to acquire the
following:
• Identify the common fiber optic connector; Determine
the steps in fiber optic splicing;
• Compare and contrast between sing and multi-mode fiber
optics.
Let’s Recall (Review)
Directions: Enumerate the difference networking devices (provide
5 examples)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Let’s Understand
Fiber-Optic Cable
An optical fiber is a glass or plastic
conductor that transmits information using
light. Fiber optic cable has one or more optical
fibers enclosed in a sheath or jacket. Because
it is made of glass, fiber-optic cable is not
affected by EMI or RFI. All signals are
converted to light pulses to enter the cable and
are converted back into electrical signals when
they leave it. This means that fiber-optic cable
can deliver signals that are clearer, and can go
farther, without compromising the clarity of
signals

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 Fiber-optic cable can reach distances of several miles or kilometers
before the signal needs to be regenerated. Fiberoptic cable usually is more
expensive to use than copper cable, and the connectors are costlier and
harder to assemble. Common connectors for fiber-optic networks are SC, ST,
and LC. These three types of fiber-optic connectors are half-duplex, which
allows data to flow in only one direction. Therefore, two cables are needed.
Common Connector for fiber optics
• Standard Connector (SC) – Simple, rugged and low cost, simple
connectors are use a ceramic ferrule to deliver accurate alignment
of the synthetic mineral fiber (SMF). The simple connector comes
with a locking tab that enables push on pull off operation.

AD net’s Gigabit fiber media converter with single mode dual fiber port using
SC connector.

• Straight Tip (ST) Connector – The ST connector’s keyed bayonet

design is similar to that of a BNC (Bayonet Nut Connector or
Bayonet Neill-Concelman) connector. The connector is used
widely for MMF and SMF FOC and is extremely easy to use. The
ST connector is manufactured in two versions- the ST and the ST-
II. Both types are keys and spring loaded, and use a “push-in and
twist” mechanism.

ST Connector on RCA audio over fiber converter

• Lucent Connector (LC) – The lucent connector, sometimes referred to as
the little connector, is a small form factor FOC that uses a 1.25 mm ferrule.
There are 3 different types of LC connector:
o Single mode LC APC
o Single mode LC UPC
o Multi-mode LC UPC
LC connector is always present on
SFP’s and if some requirement
uses SFP as transmitter

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 Two types of fiber optics Cables
• Multimode is the cable that has a thicker core than singlemode
cable. It is easier to make, can use simpler light sources such as
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and works well over distances of a
few kilometers or less.
• Single-mode is the cable that has a very thin core. It is harder to
make, uses lasers as a light source, and can transmit signals
dozens of kilometers with ease.
Comparison between Multimode and Single mode fiber cable
Single mode means the fiber enables one type of light mode to be propagated at a
time. While multimode means the fiber can propagate multiple modes. The
differences between single mode and multimode fiber mainly lies in fiber core
diameter, wavelength & light source, bandwidth, color sheath, distance and cost
Core Diameter Single mode fiber core diameter is much smaller than
multimode fiber. Its typical core
diameter is 9 µm even if there are
others available. And multimode fiber
core diameter is 50 µm and 62.5 µm
typically, which enables it to have
higher "light gathering" ability and
simplify connections. The cladding
diameter of single mode and multimode
fiber is 125 µm.
Wavelength & Light Source

Due to the large core size of multimode fiber, some low-cost light sources like
LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and VCSELs (vertical cavity surface-emitting
lasers) that works at the 850nm and 1300nm wavelength are used in
multimode fiber cables. While the single mode fiber often uses a laser or laser
diodes to produce light injected into the cable. And the commonly used single
mode fiber wavelength is 1310 nm and 1550 nm.
Bandwidth
Multimode fiber bandwidth is limited by its light mode and the maximum
bandwidth at present is 28000MHz*km of OM5 fiber. While single mode fiber
bandwidth is unlimited theoretically because it allows only one light mode to
pass through at a time.
Color Sheath
According to the TIA-598C standard definition, for non-military applications,
single mode cable is coated with yellow outer sheath, and multimode fiber is
coated with orange or aqua jacket.
Single Mode vs Multimode Fiber Cost “Single mode vs multimode fiber
cost” is a hot topic in some forums. Numbers of people have expressed their
own opinions. Their views mainly focus on the optical transceiver cost, system
cost and installation cost

For video reference you may watch

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNa97A08wyU

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 Connect Fiber Optic Cable (Fiber Optic Splicing)
Before you begin to connect a fiber-optic cable to an optical transceiver
installed in a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions
for safe handling of lasers
To connect a fiber-optic cable to an optical transceiver installed in a device:
WARNING
Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic
cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cables connected to
transceivers emit laser light that can
damage your eyes
1. If the fiber-optic cable connector is
covered with a rubber safety cap,
remove the cap. Save the cap.
2. Remove the rubber safety cap from the
optical transceiver. Save the cap.
3. Insert the cable connector into the optical
transceiver. Connect a Fiber-Optic Cable
to an Optical Transceiver Installed in a
Device
4. Secure the cables so that they do not support their own weight. Place excess
cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop. Placing fasteners on a loop helps
cables maintain their shape.
CAUTION

Do not bend fiber-optic cables beyond their minimum bend radius. An arc
smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cables and cause
problems that are difficult to diagnose.

Do not let fiber-optic cables hang free from the connector. Do not allow
fastened loops of cables to dangle, which stresses the cables at the fastening
point.

Let’s Apply
Directions: Answer the question based on the topics that we learned
from this module.

1. If you will provide connection using fiber optics from your house to your
neighbor’s house what type of fiber optic cable will you used and why?
2. What of fiber optic cable will you use if you’re going to supply connectivity
one city to another and why?

Let’s Analyze
Directions: Answer the following question based on the topics that we
learned from this module.

1. One of the warning in fiber optic connection is to not look

directly into fiber optic transceiver. Why do you think it’s not allowed?
2. Why does the fiber optic cannot be bent beyond their minimum bend
radius?

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 Let’s Try (Evaluation)

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of
the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. What is the type of fiber optics cable that has a very thin core?
a. Multimode b. Single mode c. Thick mode d. Thin mode
2. Which of the following is NOT a common fiber optic connector?
a. LC b. SC c. LT d. ST
3. Which of the following is an example of fiber optics cable?
a. Multimode b. Thick mode c. Single mode d. Thin Mode
4. What does the acronym LC stand for?
a. Liquid Connector c. Luminescent Connector
b. Loose Connector d. Lucent Connector
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of LC connector?
a. Multi-mode LC APC c. Single mode LC APC
b. Multi-mode LC UPC d. Single mode LC UPC
c.
Let’s Create
Directions: Venn diagram. Make a comparison between single and multi-
mode fiber optics cable. Draw and write your comparisons on the two circles.
While in the middle of the two circles, write their similarities.
Rubrics:
4 3 2 1
Concept Each section of the Each section of the Each section of the Each section of the
diagram contains diagram contains diagram contains diagram contains
Arrangement
four facts easily three facts easily two facts that are very few facts that
identified in both identified in both somewhat are not easily
similarities and similarities and identified in both identified in both
difference. difference. similarities and similarities and
difference. difference.
Primary Source Student exhibits Student illustrates Student displays a Students shows
mastery of the a firmer limited little
Content material as understanding of understanding or no
evidenced by most of the with some details understanding of
attention to detail in similarities and pertinent to the topic. There are
both similarities and differences subject matter in scant details in
difference. brainstormed. both similarities both similarities
. and difference. and difference.

Linking Content Reflects factual Most of the Reflects some Contains non
information that information is factual factual
together
corresponds with factual and information and information that
appropriate section seemingly attempts to put it in does not
of diagram in both corresponds with corresponding correspond to the
similarities and appropriate section section of diagram appropriate
difference. of diagram in both in both similarities section of diagram
similarities and and difference. in both similarities
difference. and difference.

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