LFGE

Lessons
(1) Simple Sentence Construction
1. Subject Noun + Verb to be + Noun
2. Subject Pronoun + Verb to be + Noun
3. Subject + Action Verb
4. Subject + Action Verb + Noun
5. Subject + Action Verb + Object
2) Basic Sentence Construction
1. Subject + Verb
2. Subject + Verb + Noun
3. Subject + Verb + Object
4. Subject + Verb+ Adjective
5. Subject + Verb + Adverb
3) Necessary Grammar
1. Preposition
2. Conjunction
3. Interjection
4) Questions
5) Knowledge about Phrase and Clause

Let’s
Learn

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(1) Simple Sentence Construction

1. Subject Noun + Verb to be + Noun
2. Subject Pronoun + Verb to be + Noun

Noun(နာမ်)
Examples, George, Miller, Poet, Draught, Scissor
Singular Noun and Plural Noun

(တစ်ခုကန
ိ ််း) (အမ ာ်းကိန််း)

Singular Noun- one

က ား

Plural Noun- more than one

က ားမ ား

(1) Regular Nouns (s)

-car , cars
-dog, dogs
(2) Nouns that end in s, x, z, ch, sh (es)
-bus, buses
-dish, dishes
(3) Nouns that end in ‘y’
Consonant+y (ies)
-city, cities
-party, parties

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Vowel+y (s)
-day, days
-key, keys
(4) Nouns that end in ‘o’
Consonant+o (es)
-hero, heroes
-potato, potatoes

(exception- pianos, photos)

Vowel+o (s)
-radio, radios
-kangaroo, kangaroos
(5) Nouns that end in ‘f or fe’ (ves)
-leaf, leaves
-life, lives
(6) Irregular Nouns
-man, men
-mouse, mice

(7) ‘No-change’ Nouns

-sheep, sheep
-deer, deer

Notes- s, es, ies, ves, irregular, no-change

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Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable Nouns
Peanuts, Fries, Potato Chips, Carrot, Salad, Vegetable
Uncountable Nouns
Water, Flour, Dough, Food, Mustard, Jam, Bread
Noun, Singular and Plural, Countable and Uncountable
Exercises
Singular Noun and Plural Noun
1. fox 11. dish
2. bus 12. lunch
3. foot 13. box
4. shelf 14. snack
5. sheep 15. kangaroo
6. inch 16. ox
7. wolf 17. man
8. goose 18. woman
9. knife 19. ski
10. fish 20.deer

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Countable and Uncountable Nouns

1. water 9. glasses

2. fruit 10. yogurt

3. coconut 11. milk

4. bread 12. chair

5. DVD 13. gasoline

6. meat 14. couch

7. vessel 15. table

8. snack 16. money

Subject Pronoun
I, We, You, He, She, It, They, This, That, These, Those, There

Verb to be
am, is, are / was, were

1. Subject Noun + Verb to be + Noun

-John is a carpenter.

-Eggplant is the vegetable.

-Gourd is not an apple.

-Jacob was a cabin crew.

-Nicole was the usher.

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2. Subject Pronoun + Verb to be + Noun

-I am a cashier.
-There is a pedestrian crossing.
-They are not wrenches.
-You were a mariner.
-These were the angels.
-He is the colleague.
-She is the server.
-This is a marker.
Exercises
1. He is the ____. 8. Min Min was the ____.
2. This is ____. 9. Deer aren’t the ____.
3. Mg Kaung is the ____. 10. Vessels are ____.
4. George is the ____. 11. ____ are not fishermen.
5. Miller is the ____. 12. ____ is not the toy.
6. That is the ____. 13. ____ is not the dignity.
7. These are ____. 14. Apples aren’t the ____.

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3. Subject + Action Verb

4. Subject + Action Verb + Noun
5. Subject + Action Verb + Object

Action Verb
- eat, go, have, own, appear,…
Object Pronouns
me, us, you, him, her, it, them
Examples
1. We go.
2. The puppies nod.
3. The birds fly.
4. They loves you.
5. Cows eat the grass.
6. They play soccer.
7. My colleagues help me.
8. My siblings make the mistakes. (PP:my, our, your, his, her, its, their)

Simple Sentence
Construction

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(2) Basic Sentence Construction

1. Subject + Verb

2. Subject + Verb + Noun

3. Subject + Verb + Object

1. He plants.
2. He is a student.
3. He gives an antinode.
Verb (ကကိယာ)

- Verb to be, Action Verb

- Forms of Verbs
- Tenses

Forms of Verb
Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3 Verb ing
be(am, is , are) was, were been being
cook cooked cooked cooking
eat ate eaten eating

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Tenses
Verb 1
1.Simple Present Tense
Cook, book
-We cook the dinner
- They book the ticket.
- He washes the dishes.
- He does not wash the dishes.
- I do not admire you.
(1) Regular (s)
Book,…
-He books.
(2) -ch, -ss, -sh, -x or -zz(es).
watch, miss, wash, mix, buzz
-He watches/misses/washes/mixes.
The fly buzzes.
(3) -consonant + -y (ies)
hurry, study, reply
-She hurries/studies/replies.
(4) -vowel + -y (s)
pay, enjoy, …
-Mg Mg pays/enjoys

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(5) -s or -z (double)
quiz, bus, …
-Hla Hla quizzes.
(6) Irregular
Have, go, do, be
-She has a yacht.
-He goes.
-Josh does.
-He is a student.

Examples
-Mg Mg ____.
-Nicole ____ the ingredients.
-The mosquito ____.
-The kitten ____.
-He ____ Hla Hla.
-The accountant ____.
-My relatives does not wash.
-They ____.

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2. Simple Future Tense (will+V1)

1. The Conservatives will win the election.
2. I will help you.
3. She will pass the exam.
4. I will go home.

Verb 2
cook>>cooked
give>>gave , cut>>cut
(1) ‘ed’ ပ ေါင််း

(2) irregular
1) Regular
ask/asked
fill/filled
guess/guessed
2) ‘e’
care/cared
like/liked
type/typed
3) consonant + y
cry/cried
try/tried
worry/worried

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4) vowel + y
annoy/annoyed
obey/obeyed
play/played
5) vowel + last
beg/begged
clap/clapped
6) ‘x’
mix/mixed
tax/taxed
fix/fixed

1. Simple Past Tense

Exercises
-We cooked the dinner.
-Hla Hla booked the ticket.
-He washed the dishes.
-She gave you.
-I did not like you.
-I did not apologize you.
-I did not admire this employee.

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Verb 3
book>>booked
eat>>eaten, shut>>shut
(1) ed
(2) irregular
(Verb 2မ ပါနဟ
ဲ့ နတူ
ဲ့ )

1. Present Perfect Tense

has+V3 or have + V3
Exercises
-He has cooked the dinner.
-I have booked the ticket.
-We have washed the dishes.
-You have given her.
-I have read your book.
-I have brought an umbrella.
-He has been here.
-They have not paid the bills.
-Sam has not beaten his friend’s record.

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(2) Past Perfect Tense

had+V3
Exercises
-They had eaten the shellfish.
-Students had finished the homework.
-We had had the dinner.
-I had been there.
-You had forgotten your passports.
-It had not rained all summer.
-They had not had the coffee.

(3) Future Perfect Tense

will have +V3
Exercises
-I will have left tomorrow.
-George will have done this homework next week.
-Jennifer will have got the job next month.
-James will not have applied the scholarship.
-Su Lin will not have got the first prize.

Verb ing
-ing
bake>>baking
cook>>cooking/ cut>>cutting
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(1) Regular
cook/cooking

(2) ‘y’
study/studying
(3) ‘e’
make/making
(4) a vowel + last

run/running
*wear/wearing

(1) Present Continuous Tense

am, is, are +Ving
Exercises
1. Hla Hla is cooking the cake.
2. She is playing rugby.
3. I am playing golf.
4. It is snowing outside.
5. David is wearing shorts.
6. Mi Aye is not wearing sneakers.
7. They are not sunbathing.

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(2) Past Continuous Tense

was, were + Ving
Exercises
1. John was sleeping yesterday.
2. They were eating chocolate this morning.
3. Josh was playing tennis.
4. He was cooking the lunch.
5. They were not murdering.
6. You were asking questions.

(3) Present Perfect Continuous

have been + Ving
Exercises
1. She has been working for five years.
2. I have been beginning my journey.
3. It has been raining for hours.
4. You have not been studying for the maths exam.
5. I have been reading this book.

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(4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense

had been + Ving
Exercises
1. She had been sleeping for five hours.
2. I had been living there.
3. I had been studying for 30 minutes.
4. It had not been snowing for 3 days.
5. We had been working here.

(5) Future Continuous Tense

will be + Ving
Exercises
1. I will be working tomorrow.
2. He will be taking an airplane next month.
3. My uncle will be opening an own restaurant next week.
4. He will be waiting the train tomorrow.
5. They will be meeting their parents the day after tomorrow.

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(6) Future Perfect Continuous Tense

will have been + Ving
Exercises
1. I will have been working.
2. She will have been playing tennis.
3. They will have been travelling.

12 Tenses

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4. Subject + Verb + Adjective

Adjective [နာမ၀ိ‌ိပေေန]

Adjective modifies noun or pronoun.

-ive, -ous, -y, -ful, -ent, -ant and many others.
-Expensive
-Courageous
-Salty
-Careful
-Fluent
-Giant

Form 1 Adj + Noun

- I prefer salty snacks.
- Giant monsters are hiding.
- Ben is an adorable baby.
- Tom bought a used car.
- I read an interesting today.
Form 2 Verb + Adjective
- Linda's hair is gorgeous.
- He is brave.
-Lemons are sour.
-This table is expensive.
-The crowd appeared calm.

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‘Verb-3 or Verb-ing in Form 2’

(a)He is frightened.
He is frightening.
(b)I’m interested in this book.
This book is interesting.
(c)They’re worried.
They are worrying.
Please translate these.
- I’m misunderstood.
- She’s talented.
- This film is exciting.
- This noise is annoying.
- This is embarrassing.
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Subject + Verb + Adjective

Completed
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5. Subject + Verb + Adverb

Adverb
Adverbs mainly modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or a sentence.
(1) He drove slowly. [verb]
(2) The children were really bad. [adjective]
(3) John approached the dog very slowly. [adverb]
(4) Fortunately, I have brought an umbrella. [sentence]
- ‘ly’
Types of Adverb
(1) Adverbs of Place
above, inside, away, …
-Susan placed the boxes above the file cabinet.

(2)Adverbs of time
after, always, before, yesterday, …
-John will attend the soccer game after homework.

(3) Adverbs of Frequency

always, never, usually, …
-Bob always forgets.

(4) Adverbs of Manner

badly, beautifully, better, …
-Sarah slowly walked.
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(5) Adverbs of Degree

completely, entirely, nearly, fortunately, very, …
-John worked very hard.

Adverb Placement
1.After Verb (Verbs to be, Auxiliary Verbs)
The summer is usually hot.
I have carelessly made mistakes.
This winter will hopefully be cool and dry.
2.Before Verb (Other Verbs)
She sometimes wishes.
He quickly runs.
He always brings umbrella.
3.At the end (adverbs of frequency, adverbs of manner , adverbs of time)
This summer is hot usually.
He runs quickly.
There is no wind today.
[always, ever, rarely, seldom and never.]
4.At the beginning (adverbs of frequency, adverbs of degree , adverbs of
time)
Usually, the summer is hot.
Sometimes, she wishes it was not so hot.
Unfortunately, this summer is very hot.
[always, ever, rarely, seldom and never.]

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Same Meaning
The summer is usually hot.
Usually, the summer is hot.
This summer is hot usually.
He quickly runs.
He runs quickly.

Exercises
1. Our friends must write a test. (also)
2. I was joking. (only)
3. You enjoyed the flight. (both)
4. Mary watches TV. (hardly) (ever)
5. He drives his car. (carefully)
6. The children play football. (in the garden)
7. We went to the cinema. (yesterday)
8. John fell off the bike. (almost)
9. Her boyfriend will buy her some flowers. (probably)
10. My uncle is moving soon. (definitely)
11. She goes to bed early (always)
12. We watch TV (never)
13. Millers go to the cinema (often)
14. Alex meets John (once a week)
15. I eat fast food (sometimes)

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Subject + Verb + Adverb

Mission Completed

Please remember
Basic Sentence Construction

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(3) Necessary Grammar

1. Preposition
Preposition – ‘a word’ or ‘more than a word’
Examples: in, on, at, of, with, …
Types of Preposition
A. Preposition of Time
1.in in the morning
(morning/evening/week/month/year/decade/century)
2.on on Tuesday, on July 16, on weekend
(day/date/weekend)
3.at at 3:00pm, at weekend, at noon, at night
(exact time/weekend/noon/night)
4.within within a week
5.after after lunch time

B. Preposition of Place
1.in in the box
2.on on the table
3.at at home
4.in front of in front of the bank
5.behind behind the new cinema
6.next to next to the residence
7.from from the school
8.to to the beach

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9.into into the sea

10.onto onto the old roof

C. Other Prepositions
behind behind you
for for my brother
with with you
by by bus

Exercises
1. He swam across the pool.
2. Take your brother with you.
3. We were talking about you.
4. I first met John in 1987.
5. It’s always cold in January.
6. Easter falls in spring each year.
7. The Second World War occurred in the 20th century.
8. We eat breakfast in the morning.
9. We go to school on Mondays.
10. Christmas is on December 25th .
11. Buy me a present on my birthday.

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2. Conjunction
Conjunctions connect the parts of a sentence: words, phrases, and
clauses.
[And, for, or, but, otherwise, so, …]
- I will call her on the phone today, or I will visit her office tomorrow.
- Either you or Gretchen should go.
- He always sits in the library or in the classroom.
- I waited for him but he didn't come.
3. Interjection
Interjections are excited words. These words have fixed meanings.
Hush!
Stop making noises.
Oh! I have lost my car.
Hello! I am Jane.
Well, I am done.

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4. Questions
There are two types of questions.
1. ‘Yes/ No’ Question
2. ‘Wh’ Question

1. Yes/No Question
Verb to be
1. Elliot is reading a book.
Is Elliot reading a book?

2. They are from Greece.

Are they from Greece?

Action Verb
1. I eat breakfast at 7 a.m.
Do you eat breakfast at 7 a.m.?

2. I listen to music.
Do you listen to music?

3. He works on the computer.

Does he work on the computer?

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4. Hla Hla watches TV every day.

Does Hla Hla watch TV?

5. Hla Hla booked the ticket.

Did Hla Hla book the ticket?

6. He washed the dishes.

Did he watch the dishes?

7. We have washed the dishes.

Have we washed the dishes?

8. Sam has not beaten his friend’s record.

Has Sam beaten his friend’s record?

9. Students had finished the homework.

Had students finished the homework?

10. George will have done this homework next week.

Will George have done this homework next week?

11. She is playing rugby?

Is she playing rugby?

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12. She has been working for five years.

Has she been working for five years?

13. I will be working tomorrow?

Will you be working tomorrow?

14. She will have been playing tennis?

Will she have been playing tennis?

2. ‘Wh’ Questions
She is playing tennis?
Is she playing tennis?
What is she playing?

1. I get up at 7:00 every morning.

When do you get up?

2. The road is wet because it was just raining.

Why is the road wet?

3. My name is Rachael.
What is your name?

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4. The hotel is on Douglas Street.

Where is the hotel?
5. I drink my coffee with milk and sugar.
How do you drink your coffee?
Exercises
1. are they what doing?

2. do up get in the morning when you?

3. how spell you your do name?

4. is homework for what?

5. handball Tim why does like?

6. like the girls what sports do?

7. have your what lunch for friend did?

8. Kevin long in did Paris how stay?

9. the was like weather what?

10. is easy maths thinks who?

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11. how plane on the did you feel?

12. doing kids are what the?

13. didn't phone why you me?

14. beach what he on did the find?

15. your for parents breakfast have what do?

16. Steven good what is at?

17. empties at who your home the dishwasher?

18. you when were born?

19. the doing kids what are?

20. will be tomorrow what the weather like?

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5. Knowledge about Phrase and Clause

- What is Phrase?
A Phrase is a group of words.
1. The car
2. in the sea/ on the ground/ of the earth
- Vessel in the sea
- Stone on the ground
- Parts of the earth
Exercises
1. The boy wants to go home.

2. Horses prefer living in dark stables.

3. The accused refused to answer the question.

4. The boy denied stealing the money.

5. To write such rubbish is disgraceful.

6. I will hate to do such a thing.

7. It grieved me to hear of your illness

8. He won the prize by means of trickery.

9. I have forgotten how to play this game.

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- What is Clause?
A Clause is a group of words. (Subject and Verb)
Exercises
- I like the people who are honest.
- I admire the people that are hardworking.
- Mg Mg saw her in Paris, where I lived last year.
- Tun Tun was wearing the dress that I bought to wear to Jo's party.
- I know what you mean.
- I don’t understand what you are talking.

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CONVERSATION

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1. Where do you work?

Jason: Where do you ____, Andrea?
Andrea: I ____ at Thomas Cook Travel.
Jason: Oh, really? What do you ____ there?
Andrea: I am a ____. I take ____ on tours to ____ in
South America, like Peru.
Jason: How ____?
Andrea: Yeah, it’s a great ____. I really love it.
And what do you do?
Jason: Oh, I’m a ____. I have a ____ job, too.
Andrea: Where do you work?
Jason: In a fast-food ____.
Andrea: Which ____?
Jason: Hamburger Heaven.

2. I’m a real fitness freak

Ruth: You're in great ____, Keith.
Keith: Thanks. I guess I'm a real fitness ____.
Ruth: How often do you ____?
Keith: Well, I do ____ twice a week. And I play ____ every
week.
Ruth: Tennis? That sounds like a lot of ____.
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Keith: Oh, do you want to play ____?

Ruth: Uh,... how well do you play?
Keith: ____ well, I guess.
Ruth: Well, all right. But I'm not very good.
Keith: ____. I'll give you a few ____.

Writing Practice and Homework

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I hope you all enjoy and understand the below

topics.
(1) Simple Sentence Construction
1. Subject Noun + Verb to be + Noun
2. Subject Pronoun + Verb to be + Noun
3. Subject + Action Verb
4. Subject + Action Verb + Noun
5. Subject + Action Verb + Object
2) Basic Sentence Construction
1. Subject + Verb
2. Subject + Verb + Noun
3. Subject + Verb + Object
4. Subject + Verb+ Adjective
5. Subject + Verb + Adverb
3) Necessary Grammar
1. Preposition
2. Conjunction
3. Interjection
4) Questions
5) Knowledge about Phrase and Clause

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