50

LOSSES

Friction Loss Due to Longest Run:

Formula: Friction Loss Due to Longest Run = Unit Friction x Longest Length

Where, Unit Friction (Friction Chart, See Appendix), in H20/100 feet

Longest Length, feet

Example: AHU 1

Friction Loss = (0.062) x (218.83+49.2) = 16.61786 in. H2O/100 Ft

16.61786 in H2O/100 Ft / 100ft = 0.166179 in. H20

AHU 1      
  Unit Friction 0.062  
  Lt 218.83  
  Elbow Length 49.2  
  LONGEST RUN   0.166179

AHU 2      
Unit Friction 0.062  
Lt 264.8  
Elbow Length 24.6  
  LONGEST RUN   0.179428

AHU 3      
Unit Friction 0.062  
Lt 217.8  
Elbow Length 49.2  
  LONGEST RUN   0.16554

AHU 4      
Unit Friction 0.063  
Lt 238.2  
Elbow Length 49.2  
  LONGEST RUN   0.181062
 51

AHU 5      
Unit Friction 0.0728  
Lt 482.6  
Elbow Length 24.6  
  LONGEST RUN   0.369242

AHU 6      
Unit Friction 0.1101  
Lt 234.25  
Elbow Length 24.6  
  LONGEST RUN   0.284994
 52

Take – Off Losses

Trane Air Conditioning Manual

R = CFM Branch / CFM Upstream @ FPM; H, Fig. 9 – UU (A-10)

R = CFM Diffuser / CFM Upstream @ FPM; H, Fig. 9 – UU (A-10)

Sample: AHU 1

(Branch)

R = 5760/46720 = 0.12329

@ R = 0.12329 and FPM = 1203, H = 0.1359 in. H20

(Diffuser)

R = 640/5760 = 0.11111

@ R = 0.11111 and FPM = 699, H = 0.046 in. H20

BRANCH DUCT AHU 1  

BRANCH Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in H2O
A1.1 3840 1091 46720 0.12 0.1359
A1.2 3200 1044 46080 0.11 0.1302
A1.3 2560 990 45440 0.10 0.1195
A1.4 1920 921 44800 0.09 0.1115
A1.5 1280 832 44160 0.07 0.1054
A1.6 640 699 43520 0.06 0.0949
A2.1 3200 1044 42880 0.04 0.0843
A2.2 2560 990 42240 0.03 0.0701
A2.3 1920 921 41600 0.02 0.0545
A2.4 1280 832 40960 0.02 0.0545
A2.5 640 699 40320 0.13 0.1308
A3.1 3840 1091 39680 0.11 0.1200
A3.2 3200 1044 39040 0.10 0.1120
A3.3 2560 990 38400 0.08 0.1058
A3.4 1920 921 37760 0.07 0.0951
A3.5 1280 832 37120 0.05 0.0844
A3.6 640 699 36480 0.04 0.0702
A4.1 3200 1044 35840 0.02 0.0545
A4.2 2560 990 35200 0.02 0.0545
 53

A4.3 1920 921 34560 0.19 0.1453

A4.4 1280 832 33920 0.17 0.1381
A4.5 640 699 33280 0.15 0.1319
A5.1 3840 1091 32640 0.14 0.1210
A5.2 3200 1044 32000 0.12 0.1129
A5.3 2560 990 31360 0.10 0.1064
A5.4 1920 921 30720 0.08 0.0956
A5.5 1280 832 30080 0.06 0.0847
A5.6 640 699 29440 0.04 0.0704
A6.1 3200 1044 28800 0.02 0.0546
A6.2 2560 990 28160 0.02 0.0546
A6.3 1920 921 27520 0.23 0.1475
A6.4 1280 832 26880 0.21 0.1402
A6.5 640 699 26240 0.20 0.1336
A7.1 3840 1091 25600 0.18 0.1224
A7.2 3200 1044 24960 0.15 0.1142
A7.3 2560 990 24320 0.13 0.1075
A7.4 1920 921 23680 0.11 0.0964
A7.5 1280 832 23040 0.08 0.0852
A7.6 640 699 22400 0.06 0.0707
A8.1 3200 1044 21760 0.03 0.0547
A8.2 2560 990 21120 0.03 0.0547
A8.3 1920 921 20480 0.31 0.1513
A8.4 1280 832 19840 0.29 0.1438
A8.5 640 699 19200 0.27 0.1365
A9.1 3840 1091 18560 0.24 0.1250
A9.2 3200 1044 17920 0.21 0.1165
A9.3 2560 990 17280 0.19 0.1095
A9.4 1920 921 16640 0.15 0.0979
A9.5 1280 832 16000 0.12 0.0861
A9.6 640 699 15360 0.08 0.0713
A10.1 3200 1044 14720 0.04 0.0549
A10.2 2560 990 14080 0.05 0.0549
A10.3 1920 921 13440 0.48 0.1591
A10.4 1280 832 12800 0.45 0.1513
A10.5 640 699 12160 0.42 0.1427
A11.1 1920 921 11520 0.39 0.1306
A11.2 1280 832 10880 0.35 0.1219
A11.3 640 699 10240 0.31 0.1141
A12.1 3200 1044 9600 0.27 0.1015
A12.2 2560 990 8960 0.21 0.0885
A12.3 1920 921 8320 0.15 0.0728
A12.4 1280 832 7680 0.08 0.0555
A12.5 640 699 7040 0.09 0.0556
A13.1 3200 1044 6400 1.00 0.1248
A13.2 2560 990 5760 1.00 0.1185
A13.3 1920 921 5120 1.00 0.1140
A13.4 1280 832 4480 1.00 0.1040
A13.5 640 699 3840 1.00 0.0965
 54

A14.1 3200 1044 3200 1.00 0.0910

A14.2 2560 990 2560 1.00 0.0812
A14.3 1920 921 1920 1.00 0.0713
A14.4 1280 832 1280 1.00 0.0576
A14.5 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
DIFFUSER AHU 1  
DIFFUSER Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in. H2O
AA1.1 640 699 5760 0.11 0.0559
AA1.2 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
AA1.3 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
AA1.4 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA1.5 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA1.6 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
AA2.1 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA2.2 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA2.3 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA2.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA2.5 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
AA3.1 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
AA3.2 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA3.3 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA3.4 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
AA3.5 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA3.6 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA4.1 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA4.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA4.3 640 699 6400 0.10 0.0558
AA4.4 640 699 5760 0.11 0.0559
AA4.5 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
AA5.1 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
AA5.2 640 699 3840 0.17 0.058
AA5.3 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0593
AA5.4 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
AA5.5 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA5.6 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA6.1 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA6.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA6.3 640 699 6400 0.10 0.0558
AA6.4 640 699 5760 0.11 0.0559
AA6.5 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
AA7.1 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
AA7.2 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA7.3 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA7.4 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
AA7.5 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA7.6 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA8.1 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA8.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA8.3 640 699 6400 0.10 0.0558
 55

AA8.4 640 699 5760 0.11 0.0559

AA8.5 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
AA9.1 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
AA9.2 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA9.3 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA9.4 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
AA9.5 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA9.6 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA10.1 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA10.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA10.3 640 699 6400 0.10 0.0558
AA10.4 640 699 5760 0.11 0.0559
AA10.5 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
AA11.1 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
AA11.2 640 699 3840 0.17 0.568
AA11.3 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA12.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
AA12.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA12.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA12.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA12.5 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA13.1 640 699 6400 0.10 0.0558
AA13.2 640 699 5760 0.11 0.0559
AA13.3 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
AA13.4 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
AA13.5 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA14.1 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA14.2 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
AA14.3 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA14.4 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA14.5 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423

BRANCH DUCT AHU 2  

BRANCH Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in H2O
A1.1 1920 921 46720 0.03 0.07
A1.2 1280 832 46080 0.01 0.0544
A1.3 640 699 45440 0.10 0.1195
A2.1 3200 1044 44800 0.09 0.1115
A2.2 2560 990 44160 0.07 0.1054
A2.3 1920 921 43520 0.06 0.0949
A2.4 1280 832 42880 0.04 0.0843
A2.5 640 699 42240 0.03 0.0701
A3.1 1920 921 41600 0.02 0.0545
A3.2 1280 832 40960 0.11 0.1199
A3.3 640 699 40320 0.10 0.1119
A4.1 3200 1044 39680 0.08 0.1057
A4.2 2560 990 39040 0.07 0.0951
A4.3 1920 921 38400 0.05 0.0844
 56

A4.4 1280 832 37760 0.03 0.0702

A4.5 640 699 37120 0.02 0.0545
A5.1 1920 1132 36480 0.12 0.1204
A5.2 1280 1091 35840 0.11 0.1124
A5.3 640 1044 35200 0.09 0.106
A6.1 3200 1044 34560 0.07 0.0953
A6.2 2560 990 33920 0.06 0.0846
A6.3 1920 921 33280 0.04 0.0703
A6.4 1280 832 32640 0.02 0.0545
A6.5 640 699 32000 0.14 0.1211
A7.1 1920 921 31360 0.12 0.113
A7.2 1280 832 30720 0.10 0.1065
A7.3 640 699 30080 0.09 0.0957
A8.1 3200 1044 29440 0.07 0.0848
A8.2 2560 990 28800 0.04 0.0704
A8.3 1920 921 28160 0.02 0.0546
A8.4 1280 832 27520 0.16 0.122
A8.5 640 699 26880 0.14 0.1138
A9.1 1920 921 26240 0.12 0.1072
A9.2 1280 832 25600 0.10 0.0962
A9.3 640 699 24960 0.08 0.0851
A10.1 3200 1044 24320 0.05 0.0706
A10.2 2560 990 23680 0.03 0.0547
A10.3 1920 921 23040 0.19 0.1232
A10.4 1280 832 22400 0.17 0.1149
A10.5 640 699 21760 0.15 0.1081
A11.1 1920 921 21120 0.12 0.0968
A11.2 1920 832 20480 0.09 0.0855
A11.3 1920 699 19840 0.06 0.0709
A12.1 3200 1044 19200 0.03 0.0548
A12.2 3200 990 18560 0.24 0.125
A12.3 3200 921 17920 0.21 0.1165
A12.4 3200 832 17280 0.19 0.1095
A12.5 3200 699 16640 0.15 0.0979
A13.1 3200 921 16000 0.12 0.0861
A13.2 3200 832 15360 0.08 0.0713
A13.3 3200 699 14720 0.04 0.0549
A14.1 3200 1044 14080 0.50 0.1594
A14.2 2560 990 13440 0.48 0.1591
A14.3 1920 921 12800 0.45 0.1513
A14.4 1280 832 12160 0.42 0.1427
A14.5 640 699 11520 0.39 0.1306
A15.1 3840 1091 10880 0.35 0.1219
A15.2 3200 1044 10240 0.31 0.1141
A15.3 2560 990 9600 0.27 0.1015
A15.4 1920 921 8960 0.21 0.0885
A15.5 1280 832 8320 0.15 0.0728
A15.6 640 699 7680 0.08 0.0555
A16.1 3200 1044 7040 1.00 0.129
 57

A16.2 2560 990 6400 1.00 0.1248

A16.3 1920 921 5760 1.00 0.1185
A16.4 1280 832 5120 1.00 0.1140
A16.5 640 699 4480 1.00 0.1040
A17.1 3840 1091 3840 1.00 0.0965
A17.2 3200 1044 3200 1.00 0.0910
A17.3 2560 990 2560 1.00 0.0812
A17.4 1920 921 1920 1.00 0.0713
A17.5 1280 832 1280 1.00 0.0576
A17.6 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423

DIFFUSER AHU 2  
DIFFUSER Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in H2O
A1.1 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A1.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A1.3 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A2.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A2.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A2.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A2.4 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0573
A2.5 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A3.1 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A3.2 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A3.3 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A4.1 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A4.2 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A4.3 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
A4.4 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A4.5 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A5.1 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A5.2 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A5.3 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A6.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A6.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
A6.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A6.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A6.5 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A7.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A7.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A7.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A8.1 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
A8.2 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A8.3 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A8.4 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A8.5 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A9.1 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A9.2 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A9.3 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
 58

A10.1 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618

A10.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A10.3 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A10.4 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A10.5 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A11.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A11.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
A11.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A12.1 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A12.2 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A12.3 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A12.4 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A12.5 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A13.1 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
A13.2 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A13.3 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A14.1 640 699 7040 0.09 0.0556
A14.2 640 699 6400 0.10 0.0558
A14.3 640 699 5760 0.11 0.0559
A14.4 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
A14.5 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A15.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A15.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A15.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A15.4 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
A15.5 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A15.6 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
A16.1 640 699 7040 0.09 0.0556
A16.2 640 699 6400 0.10 0.0558
A16.3 640 699 5760 0.11 0.0559
A16.4 640 699 5120 0.13 0.0561
A16.5 640 699 4480 0.14 0.0564
A17.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A17.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A17.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.058
A17.4 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
A17.5 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
A17.6 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423

BRANCH DUCT AHU 3  

BRANCH Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in. H2O
A1.1 3840 1091 46720 0.08 0.1114
A1.2 3200 1044 46080 0.07 0.1053
A1.3 2560 990 45440 0.06 0.0948
A1.4 1920 921 44800 0.04 0.0842
A1.5 1280 832 44160 0.03 0.0701
A1.6 640 699 43520 0.01 0.0545
A2.1 2560 990 42880 0.06 0.0948
 59

A2.2 1920 921 42240 0.05 0.0843

A2.3 1280 832 41600 0.03 0.0702
A2.4 640 699 40960 0.02 0.0545
A3.1 3840 1091 40320 0.10 0.1119
A3.2 3200 1044 39680 0.08 0.1057
A3.3 2560 990 39040 0.07 0.0951
A3.4 1920 921 38400 0.05 0.0844
A3.5 1280 832 37760 0.03 0.0702
A3.6 640 699 37120 0.02 0.0545
A4.1 2560 990 36480 0.07 0.0952
A4.2 1920 921 35840 0.05 0.0845
A4.3 1280 832 35200 0.04 0.0703
A4.4 640 699 34560 0.02 0.0545
A5.1 3840 1091 33920 0.11 0.1126
A5.2 3200 1044 33280 0.10 0.1062
A5.3 2560 990 32640 0.08 0.0955
A5.4 1920 921 32000 0.06 0.0846
A5.5 1280 832 31360 0.04 0.0704
A5.6 640 699 30720 0.02 0.0546
A6.1 2560 990 30080 0.09 0.0957
A6.2 1920 921 29440 0.07 0.0848
A6.3 1280 832 28800 0.04 0.0704
A6.4 640 699 28160 0.02 0.0546
A7.1 3840 1091 27520 0.14 0.1136
A7.2 3200 1044 26880 0.12 0.1071
A7.3 2560 990 26240 0.10 0.0961
A7.4 1920 921 25600 0.08 0.085
A7.5 1280 832 24960 0.05 0.0706
A7.6 640 699 24320 0.03 0.0546
A8.1 2560 990 23680 0.11 0.0964
A8.2 1920 921 23040 0.08 0.0852
A8.3 1280 832 22400 0.06 0.0707
A8.4 640 699 21760 0.03 0.0547
A9.1 3840 1091 21120 0.18 0.1153
A9.2 3200 1044 20480 0.16 0.1084
A9.3 2560 990 19840 0.13 0.0971
A9.4 1920 921 19200 0.10 0.0856
A9.5 1280 832 18560 0.07 0.071
A9.6 640 699 17920 0.04 0.0548
A10.1 2560 990 17280 0.15 0.0977
A10.2 1920 921 16640 0.12 0.086
A10.3 1280 832 16000 0.08 0.0712
A10.4 640 699 15360 0.04 0.0549
A11.1 1280 832 14720 0.09 0.0714
A11.2 640 699 14080 0.05 0.0549
A12.1 2560 990 13440 0.19 0.0999
A12.2 1920 921 12800 0.15 0.0869
A12.3 1280 832 12160 0.11 0.0718
A12.4 640 699 11520 0.06 0.0551
 60

A13.1 1280 832 10880 0.12 0.072

A13.2 640 699 10240 0.06 0.0552
A14.1 2560 990 9600 0.27 0.1015
A14.2 1920 921 8960 0.21 0.0885
A14.3 1280 832 8320 0.15 0.0728
A14.4 640 699 7680 0.08 0.0555
A15.1 1280 832 7040 0.18 0.0734
A15.2 640 699 6400 0.10 0.0558
A16.1 2560 990 5760 0.44 0.1072
A16.2 1920 921 5120 0.38 0.0924
A16.3 1280 832 4480 0.29 0.0757
A16.4 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
A17.1 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
A18.1 2560 990 2560 1.00 0.0812
A18.2 1920 921 1920 1.00 0.0713
A18.3 1280 832 1280 1.00 0.0576
A18.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423

DIFFUSER AHU 3  
DIFFUSER Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in. H2O
AA1.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA1.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA1.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA1.4 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA1.5 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA1.6 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA2.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA2.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA2.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA2.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA3.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA3.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA3.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA3.4 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA3.5 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA3.6 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA4.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA4.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA4.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA4.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA5.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA5.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA5.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA5.4 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA5.5 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA5.6 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA6.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA6.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
 61

AA6.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618

AA6.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA7.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA7.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA7.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA7.4 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA7.5 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA7.6 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA8.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA8.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA8.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA8.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA9.1 640 699 3840 0.17 0.0568
AA9.2 640 699 3200 0.20 0.0573
AA9.3 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA9.4 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA9.5 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA9.6 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA10.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA10.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA10.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA10.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA11.1 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA11.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA12.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA12.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA12.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA12.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA13.1 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA13.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA14.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA14.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA14.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA14.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0421
AA15.1 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA15.2 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA16.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA16.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA16.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA16.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA17.1 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
AA18.1 640 699 2560 0.25 0.0580
AA18.2 640 699 1920 0.33 0.0593
AA18.3 640 699 1280 0.50 0.0618
AA18.4 640 699 640 1.00 0.0423
 62

BRANCH DUCT AHU 4  

 63

BRANCH Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in. H2O

A1.1 3720 1090 45260 0.08 0.1111
A1.2 3100 1043 44640 0.07 0.105
A1.3 2480 989 44020 0.06 0.0946
A1.4 1860 920 43400 0.04 0.0841
A1.5 1240 831 42780 0.03 0.0699
A1.6 620 699 42160 0.01 0.0543
A2.1 1240 831 41540 0.03 0.0699
A2.2 620 699 40920 0.02 0.0543
A3.1 3720 1090 40300 0.09 0.1115
A3.2 3100 1043 39680 0.08 0.1053
A3.3 2480 989 39060 0.06 0.0948
A3.4 1860 920 38440 0.05 0.0842
A3.5 1240 831 37820 0.03 0.07
A3.6 620 699 37200 0.02 0.0543
A4.1 3720 1090 36580 0.10 0.1118
A4.2 3100 1043 35960 0.09 0.1055
A4.3 2480 989 35340 0.07 0.095
A4.4 1860 920 34720 0.05 0.0844
A4.5 1240 831 34100 0.04 0.0701
A4.6 620 699 33480 0.02 0.0543
A5.1 3720 1090 32860 0.11 0.1122
A5.2 3100 1043 32240 0.10 0.1059
A5.3 2480 989 31620 0.08 0.0953
A5.4 1860 920 31000 0.06 0.0845
A5.5 1240 831 30380 0.04 0.0702
A5.6 620 699 29760 0.02 0.0544
A6.1 1240 831 29140 0.04 0.0702
A6.2 620 699 28520 0.02 0.0544
A7.1 3720 1090 27900 0.13 0.113
A7.2 3100 1043 27280 0.11 0.1065
A7.3 2480 989 26660 0.09 0.0958
A7.4 1860 920 26040 0.07 0.0848
A7.5 1240 831 25420 0.05 0.0703
A7.6 620 699 24800 0.03 0.0544
A8.1 620 699 24180 0.03 0.0544
A9.1 3720 1090 23560 0.16 0.1139
A9.2 3100 1043 22940 0.14 0.1072
A9.3 2480 989 22320 0.11 0.0963
A9.4 1860 920 21700 0.09 0.0852
A9.5 1240 831 21080 0.06 0.0706
A9.6 620 699 20460 0.03 0.0545
A10.1 1240 831 19840 0.06 0.0706
A10.2 620 699 19220 0.03 0.0545
A11.1 3720 1090 18600 0.20 0.1154
A11.2 3100 1043 17980 0.17 0.1085
A11.3 2480 989 17360 0.14 0.0973
A11.4 1860 920 16740 0.11 0.0858
A11.5 1240 831 16120 0.08 0.071
 64

A11.6 620 699 15500 0.04 0.0547

A12.1 2480 989 14880 0.17 0.0981
A12.2 1860 920 14260 0.13 0.863
A12.3 1240 831 13640 0.09 0.0713
A12.4 620 699 13020 0.05 0.0548
A13.1 3720 1090 12400 0.30 0.1192
A13.2 3100 1043 11780 0.26 0.1116
A13.3 2480 989 11160 0.22 0.0999
A13.4 1860 920 10540 0.18 0.0874
A13.5 1240 831 9920 0.13 0.072
A13.6 620 699 9300 0.07 0.0551
A14.1 2480 989 8680 0.29 0.1019
A14.2 1860 920 8060 0.23 0.0887
A14.3 1240 831 7440 0.17 0.0729
A14.4 620 699 6820 0.09 0.0554
A15.1 3720 1090 6200 0.60 0.013
A15.2 3100 1043 5580 0.56 0.1217
A15.3 2480 989 4960 0.50 0.1087
A15.4 1860 920 4340 0.43 0.0936
A15.5 1240 831 3720 0.33 0.0765
A15.6 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0571
A16.1 2480 989 2480 1.00 0.081
A16.2 1860 920 1860 1.00 0.0711
A16.3 1240 831 1240 1.00 0.0574
A16.4 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421

DIFFUSER AHU 4  
DIFFUSER Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in H2O
AA1.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568
AA1.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA1.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA1.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA1.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA1.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA2.1 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA2.2 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA3.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568
AA3.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA3.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA3.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA3.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA3.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA4.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568
AA4.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA4.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA4.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA4.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA4.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
 65

AA5.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568

AA5.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA5.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA5.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA5.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA5.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA6.1 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA6.2 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA7.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568
AA7.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA7.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA7.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA7.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA7.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA8.1 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA9.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568
AA9.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA9.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA9.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA9.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA9.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA10.1 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA10.2 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA11.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568
AA11.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA11.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA11.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA11.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA11.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA12.1 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA12.2 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA12.3 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA12.4 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA13.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568
AA13.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA13.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA13.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA13.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA13.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA14.1 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA14.2 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA14.3 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA14.4 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
AA15.1 620 699 3720 0.17 0.0568
AA15.2 620 699 3100 0.20 0.0573
AA15.3 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580
AA15.4 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA15.5 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA15.6 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421
 66

AA16.1 620 699 2480 0.25 0.0580

AA16.2 620 699 1860 0.33 0.0593
AA16.3 620 699 1240 0.50 0.0618
AA16.4 620 699 620 1.00 0.0421

BRANCH DUCT AHU 5  

BRANCH Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in H2O
A1.1 7700 1374 35700 0.27 0.2113
A1.2 7350 1359 35350 0.27 0.2036
A1.3 7000 1343 35000 0.26 0.1980
A1.4 6650 1327 34650 0.25 0.1952
A1.5 6300 1310 34300 0.24 0.1909
A1.6 5950 1292 33950 0.24 0.1852
A1.7 5600 1273 33600 0.23 0.1803
A1.8 5250 1254 33250 0.22 0.1742
A1.9 4900 1233 32900 0.21 0.1710
A1.10 4550 1211 32550 0.20 0.1660
A1.11 4200 1188 32200 0.20 0.1615
A1.12 3850 1163 31850 0.19 0.1537
A1.13 3500 1137 31500 0.18 0.1520
A1.14 3150 1109 31150 0.17 0.1472
A1.15 2800 1079 30800 0.16 0.1417
A1.16 2450 1044 30450 0.15 0.1392
A1.17 2100 1004 30100 0.14 0.1303
A1.18 1750 960 29750 0.13 0.1265
A1.19 1400 908 29400 0.12 0.1217
A1.20 1050 845 29050 0.11 0.1189
A1.21 700 763 28700 0.10 0.1115
A1.22 350 641 28350 0.09 0.1060
A2.1 1400 908 28000 0.08 0.0990
A2.2 1050 845 27650 0.06 0.0888
A2.3 700 763 27300 0.05 0.0775
A2.4 350 641 26950 0.04 0.0767
A3.1 1400 908 26600 0.03 0.0639
A3.2 1050 845 26250 0.01 0.0482
A3.3 700 763 25900 0.09 0.1063
A3.4 350 641 25550 0.08 0.0992
A4.1 1400 908 25200 0.07 0.0890
A4.2 1050 845 24850 0.06 0.0776
A4.3 700 763 24500 0.04 0.0768
A4.4 350 641 24150 0.03 0.0639
A5.1 1400 908 23800 0.01 0.0483
A5.2 1050 845 23450 0.10 0.1066
A5.3 700 763 23100 0.09 0.0995
A5.4 350 641 22750 0.08 0.0892
A6.1 1400 908 22400 0.06 0.0778
A6.2 1050 845 22050 0.05 0.0769
A6.3 700 763 21700 0.03 0.0640
 67

A6.4 350 641 21350 0.02 0.0483

A7.1 1400 908 21000 0.12 0.1071
A7.2 1050 845 20650 0.10 0.0999
A7.3 700 763 20300 0.09 0.0895
A7.4 350 641 19950 0.07 0.0780
A8.1 1400 908 19600 0.05 0.0770
A8.2 1050 845 19250 0.04 0.0640
A8.3 700 763 18900 0.02 0.0483
A8.4 350 641 18550 0.13 0.1076
A9.1 1400 908 18200 0.12 0.1003
A9.2 1050 845 17850 0.10 0.0899
A9.3 700 763 17500 0.08 0.0783
A9.4 350 641 17150 0.06 0.0771
A10.1 1400 908 16800 0.04 0.0641
A10.2 1050 845 16450 0.02 0.0483
A10.3 700 763 16100 0.15 0.1084
A10.4 350 641 15750 0.13 0.1009
A11.1 1400 908 15400 0.11 0.0903
A11.2 1050 845 15050 0.09 0.0787
A11.3 700 763 14700 0.07 0.0773
A11.4 350 641 14350 0.05 0.0642
A12.1 1400 908 14000 0.03 0.0484
A12.2 1050 845 13650 0.18 0.1094
A12.3 700 763 13300 0.16 0.1017
A12.4 350 641 12950 0.14 0.0910
A13.1 1400 908 12600 0.11 0.0793
A13.2 1050 845 12250 0.09 0.0776
A13.3 700 763 11900 0.06 0.0644
A13.4 350 641 11550 0.03 0.0485
A14.1 700 763 11200 0.16 0.0916
A15.1 1400 908 10850 0.13 0.0798
A15.2 1050 845 10500 0.10 0.0778
A15.3 700 763 10150 0.07 0.0646
A15.4 350 741 9800 0.04 0.0485
A16.1 350 741 9450 0.19 0.0925
A17.2 1400 908 9100 0.15 0.0806
A17.3 1050 845 8750 0.12 0.0782
A17.4 700 763 8400 0.08 0.0648
A17.5 350 641 8050 0.04 0.0486
A18.1 350 741 7700 0.23 0.0938
A19.1 1400 908 7350 0.19 0.0817
A19.2 1050 845 7000 0.15 0.0787
A19.3 700 763 6650 0.11 0.0651
A19.4 350 641 6300 0.06 0.0488
A20.1 350 741 5950 0.18 0.0792
A21.1 700 763 5600 0.13 0.0655
A21.2 350 641 5250 0.07 0.0489
A22.1 700 763 4900 0.14 0.0658
A22.2 350 641 4550 0.08 0.0491
 68

A23.1 700 763 4200 0.17 0.0661

A23.2 350 641 3850 0.09 0.0492
A24.1 700 763 3500 0.20 0.0667
A24.2 350 641 3150 0.11 0.0495
A25.1 700 763 2800 0.25 0.0675
A25.2 350 641 2450 0.14 0.0575
A26.1 350 641 2100 0.17 0.0560
A27.1 700 763 1750 1.00 0.1050
A27.2 350 641 1400 1.00 0.0940
A28.1 1050 845 1050 1.00 0.0818
A28.2 700 763 700 1.00 0.0675
A28.3 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488

DIFFUSER AHU 5  
DIFFUSER Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in H2O
AA1.1 350 641 9800 0.04 0.0485
AA1.2 350 641 9450 0.04 0.0485
AA1.3 350 641 9100 0.04 0.0486
AA1.4 350 641 8750 0.04 0.0486
AA1.5 350 641 8400 0.04 0.0486
AA1.6 350 641 8050 0.04 0.0486
AA1.7 350 641 7700 0.05 0.0487
AA1.8 350 641 7350 0.05 0.0487
AA1.9 350 641 7000 0.05 0.0487
AA1.10 350 641 6650 0.05 0.0488
AA1.11 350 641 6300 0.06 0.0488
AA1.12 350 641 5950 0.06 0.0488
AA1.13 350 641 5600 0.06 0.0489
AA1.14 350 641 5250 0.07 0.0489
AA1.15 350 641 4900 0.07 0.0490
AA1.16 350 641 4550 0.08 0.0491
AA1.17 350 641 4200 0.08 0.0491
AA1.18 350 641 3850 0.09 0.0492
AA1.19 350 641 3500 0.10 0.0494
AA1.20 350 641 3150 0.11 0.0495
AA1.21 350 641 2800 0.13 0.0497
AA1.22 350 641 2450 0.14 0.0499
AA2.1 350 641 2100 0.17 0.0502
AA2.2 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA2.3 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA2.4 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA3.1 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA3.2 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA3.3 350 641 2450 0.14 0.0499
AA3.4 350 641 2100 0.17 0.0502
AA4.1 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA4.2 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA4.3 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
 69

AA4.4 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545

AA5.1 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA5.2 350 641 2450 0.14 0.0499
AA5.3 350 641 2100 0.17 0.0502
AA5.4 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA6.1 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA6.2 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA6.3 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA6.4 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA7.1 350 641 2450 0.14 0.0499
AA7.2 350 641 2100 0.17 0.0502
AA7.3 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA7.4 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA8.1 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA8.2 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA8.3 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA8.4 350 641 2450 0.14 0.0499
AA9.1 350 641 2100 0.17 0.0502
AA9.2 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA9.3 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA9.4 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA10.1 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA10.2 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA10.3 350 641 2450 0.14 0.0499
AA10.4 350 641 2100 0.17 0.0502
AA11.1 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA11.2 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA11.3 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA11.4 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA12.1 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA12.2 350 641 2450 0.14 0.0499
AA12.3 350 641 2100 0.17 0.0502
AA12.4 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA13.1 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA13.2 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA13.3 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA13.4 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA14.1 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA15.1 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA15.2 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA15.3 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA15.4 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA16.1 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA17.2 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA17.3 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA17.4 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA17.5 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA18.1 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA19.1 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
 70

AA19.2 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524

AA19.3 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA19.4 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA20.1 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA21.1 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA21.2 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA22.1 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA22.2 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA23.1 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA23.2 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA24.1 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA24.2 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA25.1 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA25.2 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA26.1 350 641 350 1.00 0.0488
AA27.1 350 641 1750 0.20 0.0507
AA27.2 350 641 1400 0.25 0.0513
AA28.1 350 641 1050 0.33 0.0524
AA28.2 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545
AA28.3 350 641 700 0.50 0.0545

BRANCH DUCT AHU 6  

BRANCH Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in. H2O
A1.1 915 963 7320 0.13 0.0875
A1.2 610 870 7015 0.09 0.0817
A1.3 305 731 6710 0.05 0.0572
A2.1 305 731 6405 0.14 0.0871
A3.1 915 963 6100 0.10 0.0818
A3.2 610 870 5795 0.05 0.0572
A3.3 305 731 5490 0.17 0.0881
A4.1 305 731 5185 0.12 0.0835
A5.1 610 870 4880 0.06 0.0582
A5.2 305 731 4575 0.20 0.0742
A6.1 305 731 4270 0.14 0.0702
A7.1 610 870 3965 0.08 0.0585
A7.2 305 731 3660 0.25 0.0762
A8.1 305 731 3355 0.18 0.0725
A9.1 610 870 3050 0.10 0.0505
A9.2 305 731 2745 0.33 0.0825
A10.1 305 731 2440 0.25 0.0832
A11.1 915 963 2135 0.14 0.0515
A11.2 610 870 1830 0.50 0.0889
A11.3 305 731 1525 0.40 0.0753
A12.3 305 731 1220 0.25 0.0485
A13.1 915 963 915 1.00 0.0815
A13.2 610 870 610 1.00 0.0725
A13.3 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525
 71

DIFFUSER AHU 6  
DIFFUSER Air flow Velocity UPSTREAM R in. H2O
AA1.1 305 731 915 0.33 0.0512
AA1.2 305 731 610 0.50 0.0490
AA1.3 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525
AA2.1 305 731 915 0.33 0.0512
AA3.1 305 731 610 0.50 0.0490
AA3.2 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525
AA3.3 305 731 915 0.33 0.0512
AA4.1 305 731 610 0.50 0.0490
AA5.1 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525
AA5.2 305 731 915 0.33 0.0512
AA6.1 305 731 610 0.50 0.0490
AA7.1 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525
AA7.2 305 731 915 0.33 0.0512
AA8.1 305 731 610 0.50 0.0490
AA9.1 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525
AA9.2 305 731 915 0.33 0.0512
AA10.1 305 731 610 0.50 0.0490
AA11.1 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525
AA11.2 305 731 915 0.33 0.0512
AA11.3 305 731 610 0.50 0.0490
AA12.3 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525
AA13.1 305 731 915 0.33 0.0512
AA13.2 305 731 610 0.50 0.0490
AA13.3 305 731 305 1.00 0.0525

Gradual Contraction Loss

PL = C (V/4005)2

Where:

C = 0.04, V = FPM

C = Loss Coefficient

Source:

Trane Air Conditioning Manual, Table 9-6, Pressure Losses due to Area Changes

Example
 72

PL = C2 (V2/4005)2 = 0.04(1980/4005) 2 = 0.009776 in. H20

MAIN DUCT AHU1  

Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES
A 1980 0.009776543
A1 1982 0.009193003
A2 1905 0.009126093
A3 1860 0.008553363
A4 1819 0.008645982
A5 1766 0.007698365
A6 1717 0.007610983
A7 1652 0.006715403
A8 1591 0.006617548
A9 1505 0.0055364
A10 1420 0.005410787
A11 1359 0.003971675
A12 1233 0.003791238
A13 1044 0.003791238
A14 1044 0.095139572
BRANCH DUCT AHU1  
Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES
A1.1 1091 0.003608994
A1.2 1044 0.003407877
A1.3 990 0.003195566
A1.4 921 0.002968277
A1.5 832 0.002718041
A1.6 699 0.002444136
A2.1 1044 0.002115311
A2.2 990 0.001726242
A2.3 921 0.001218454
A2.4 832 0.001218454
A2.5 699 0.003407877
A3.1 1091 0.003195566
A3.2 1044 0.002968277
A3.3 990 0.002718041
A3.4 921 0.002444136
A3.5 832 0.002115311
A3.6 699 0.001726242
A4.1 1044 0.001218454
A4.2 990 0.001218454
A4.3 921 0.003791238
A4.4 832 0.003608994
A4.5 699 0.003407877
A5.1 1091 0.003195566
A5.2 1044 0.002968277
A5.3 990 0.002718041
A5.4 921 0.002444136
 73

A5.5 832 0.002115311

A5.6 699 0.001726242
A6.1 1044 0.001218454
A6.2 990 0.001218454
A6.3 921 0.003791238
A6.4 832 0.003608994
A6.5 699 0.003407877
A7.1 1091 0.003195566
A7.2 1044 0.002968277
A7.3 990 0.002718041
A7.4 921 0.002444136
A7.5 832 0.002115311
A7.6 699 0.001726242
A8.1 1044 0.001218454
A8.2 990 0.001218454
A8.3 921 0.003791238
A8.4 832 0.003608994
A8.5 699 0.003407877
A9.1 1091 0.003195566
A9.2 1044 0.002968277
A9.3 990 0.002718041
A9.4 921 0.002444136
A9.5 832 0.002115311
A9.6 699 0.001726242
A10.1 1044 0.001218454
A10.2 990 0.001218454
A10.3 921 0.003791238
A10.4 832 0.003608994
A10.5 699 0.003407877
A11.1 921 0.003195566
A11.2 832 0.002968277
A11.3 699 0.002718041
A12.1 1044 0.002444136
A12.2 990 0.002115311
A12.3 921 0.001726242
A12.4 832 0.001218454
A12.5 699 0.001218454
A13.1 1044 0.003791238
A13.2 990 0.003608994
A13.3 921 0.003407877
A13.4 832 0.003195566
A13.5 699 0.002968277
A14.1 1044 0.002718041
A14.2 990 0.002444136
A14.3 921 0.002115311
A14.4 832 0.001726242
A14.5 699 0.001218454
 74

MAIN DUCT AHU2  

 75

Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES

A 1980 0.009776543
A1 1961 0.009648586
A2 1927 0.009193003
A3 1905 0.008701792
A4 1868 0.008178843
A5 1844 0.007610983
A6 1802 0.00699656
A7 1775 0.006312412
A8 1727 0.0055364
A9 1697 0.003971675
A10 1641 0.003971675
A11 1604 0.00641599
A12 1536 0.005883522
A13 1490 0.0055364
A14 1401 0.004894758
A15 1262 0.003971675
A16 1091 0.002968277
A17 1091 0.002968277
BRANCH DUCT AHU2
Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES
A1.1 921 0.001726242
A1.2 832 0.001218454
A1.3 699 0.003195566
A2.1 1044 0.002968277
A2.2 990 0.002718041
A2.3 921 0.002444136
A2.4 832 0.002115311
A2.5 699 0.001726242
A3.1 921 0.001218454
A3.2 832 0.003195566
A3.3 699 0.002968277
A4.1 1044 0.002718041
A4.2 990 0.002444136
A4.3 921 0.002115311
A4.4 832 0.001726242
A4.5 699 0.001218454
A5.1 1132 0.003195566
A5.2 1091 0.002968277
A5.3 1044 0.002718041
A6.1 1044 0.002444136
A6.2 990 0.002115311
A6.3 921 0.001726242
A6.4 832 0.001218454
A6.5 699 0.003195566
A7.1 921 0.002968277
A7.2 832 0.002718041
A7.3 699 0.002444136
 76

A8.1 1044 0.002115311

A8.2 990 0.001726242
A8.3 921 0.001218454
A8.4 832 0.003195566
A8.5 699 0.002968277
A9.1 921 0.002718041
A9.2 832 0.002444136
A9.3 699 0.002115311
A10.1 1044 0.001726242
A10.2 990 0.001218454
A10.3 921 0.003195566
A10.4 832 0.002968277
A10.5 699 0.002718041
A11.1 921 0.002444136
A11.2 832 0.002115311
A11.3 699 0.001726242
A12.1 1044 0.001218454
A12.2 990 0.003195566
A12.3 921 0.002968277
A12.4 832 0.002718041
A12.5 699 0.002444136
A13.1 921 0.002115311
A13.2 832 0.001726242
A13.3 699 0.001218454
A14.1 1044 0.003971675
A14.2 990 0.003791238
A14.3 921 0.003608994
A14.4 832 0.003407877
A14.5 699 0.003195566
A15.1 1091 0.002968277
A15.2 1044 0.002718041
A15.3 990 0.002444136
A15.4 921 0.002115311
A15.5 832 0.001726242
A15.6 699 0.001218454
A16.1 1044 0.003971675
A16.2 990 0.003791238
A16.3 921 0.003608994
A16.4 832 0.003407877
A16.5 699 0.003195566
A17.1 1091 0.002968277
A17.2 1044 0.002718041
A17.3 990 0.002444136
A17.4 921 0.002115311
A17.5 832 0.001726242
A17.6 699 0.001218454

MAIN DUCT AHU3

 77

Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES

A 1980 0.009776543
A1 1941 0.0093952
A2 1931 0.009298641
A3 1868 0.008701792
A4 1836 0.008406211
A5 1784 0.007936786
A6 1747 0.007610983
A7 1686 0.007088757
A8 1641 0.006715403
A9 1564 0.006099981
A10 1505 0.005648433
A11 1473 0.005410787
A12 1401 0.004894758
A13 1359 0.004605681
A14 1262 0.003971675
A15 1203 0.003608994
A16 1044 0.002718041
A17 990 0.002444136
A18 990 0.002444136
BRANCH DUCT AHU3
Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES
A10 1091 0.002968277
A11 1044 0.002718041
A12 990 0.002444136
A13 921 0.002115311
A14 832 0.001726242
A15 699 0.001218454
A20 990 0.002444136
A21 921 0.002115311
A22 832 0.001726242
A23 699 0.001218454
A30 1091 0.002968277
A31 1044 0.002718041
A32 990 0.002444136
A33 921 0.002115311
A34 832 0.001726242
A35 699 0.001218454
A40 990 0.002444136
A41 921 0.002115311
A42 832 0.001726242
A43 699 0.001218454
A50 1091 0.002968277
A51 1044 0.002718041
A52 990 0.002444136
A53 921 0.002115311
A54 832 0.001726242
A55 699 0.001218454
A60 990 0.002444136
 78

A61 921 0.002115311

A62 832 0.001726242
A63 699 0.001218454
A70 1091 0.002968277
A71 1044 0.002718041
A72 990 0.002444136
A73 921 0.002115311
A74 832 0.001726242
A75 699 0.001218454
A80 990 0.002444136
A81 921 0.002115311
A82 832 0.001726242
A83 699 0.001218454
A90 1091 0.002968277
A91 1044 0.002718041
A92 990 0.002444136
A93 921 0.002115311
A94 832 0.001726242
A95 699 0.001218454
A100 990 0.002444136
A101 921 0.002115311
A102 832 0.001726242
A103 699 0.001218454
A110 832 0.001726242
A111 699 0.001218454
A120 990 0.002444136
A121 921 0.002115311
A122 832 0.001726242
A123 699 0.001218454
A130 832 0.001726242
A131 699 0.001218454
A140 990 0.002444136
A141 921 0.002115311
A142 832 0.001726242
A143 699 0.001218454
A150 832 0.001726242
A151 699 0.001218454
A160 990 0.002444136
A161 921 0.002115311
A162 832 0.001726242
A163 699 0.001218454
A170 699 0.001218454
A180 990 0.002444136
A181 921 0.002115311
A182 832 0.001726242
A183 699 0.001218454

MAIN DUCT AHU4

 79

Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES

A 1978 0.009756803
A1 1938 0.00936618
A2 1925 0.009240946
A3 1881 0.00882333
A4 1834 0.008387907
A5 1782 0.007919
A6 1764 0.007759828
A7 1705 0.007249428
A8 1695 0.00716464
A9 1627 0.006601309
A10 1602 0.0`064
A11 1519 0.005754008
A12 1455 0.005279356
A13 1336 0.004451105
A14 1232 0.003785091
A15 989 0.002439201
A16 989 0.002439201
BRANCH DUCT AHU4
Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES
A10 1090 0.002962838
A11 1043 0.002712836
A12 989 0.002439201
A13 920 0.00211072
A14 831 0.001722095
A15 699 0.001218454
A20 831 0.001722095
A21 699 0.001218454
A30 1090 0.002962838
A31 1043 0.002712836
A32 989 0.002439201
A33 920 0.00211072
A34 831 0.001722095
A35 699 0.001218454
A40 1090 0.002962838
A41 1043 0.002712836
A42 989 0.002439201
A43 920 0.00211072
A44 831 0.001722095
A45 699 0.001218454
A50 1090 0.002962838
A51 1043 0.002712836
A52 989 0.002439201
A53 920 0.00211072
A54 831 0.001722095
A55 699 0.001218454
A60 831 0.001722095
A61 699 0.001218454
A70 1090 0.002962838
 80

A71 1043 0.002712836

A72 989 0.002439201
A73 920 0.00211072
A74 831 0.001722095
A75 699 0.001218454
A74 831 0.001722095
A75 699 0.001218454
A80 699 0.001218454
A90 1090 0.002962838
A91 1043 0.002712836
A92 989 0.002439201
A93 920 0.00211072
A94 831 0.001722095
A95 699 0.001218454
A100 831 0.001722095
A101 699 0.001218454
A110 1090 0.002962838
A111 1043 0.002712836
A112 989 0.002439201
A113 920 0.00211072
A114 831 0.001722095
A115 699 0.001218454
A120 989 0.002439201
A121 920 0.00211072
A122 831 0.001722095
A123 699 0.001218454
A130 1090 0.002962838
A131 1043 0.002712836
A132 989 0.002439201
A133 920 0.00211072
A134 831 0.001722095
A135 699 0.001218454
A140 989 0.002439201
A141 920 0.00211072
A142 831 0.001722095
A143 699 0.001218454
A150 1090 0.002962838
A151 1043 0.002712836
A152 989 0.002439201
A153 920 0.00211072
A154 831 0.001722095
A155 699 0.001218454
A160 989 0.002439201
A161 920 0.00211072
A162 831 0.001722095
A163 699 0.001218454

MAIN DUCT AHU5

 81

Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES

A 1980 0.009776543
A1 1869 0.008397057
A2 1846 0.008008127
A3 1823 0.007602272
A4 1798 0.00716464
A5 1773 0.006699044
A6 1746 0.006186088
A7 1717 0.00563343
A8 1687 0.005192633
A9 1655 0.004707913
A10 1622 0.004162747
A11 1585 0.003791238
A12 1546 0.003519556
A13 1503 0.003223858
A14 1492 0.002897961
A15 1443 0.002513752
A16 1430 0.002298251
A17 1374 0.002298251
A18 1359 0.004605681
A19 1292 0.004162747
A20 1273 0.004041213
A21 1233 0.003791238
A22 1188 0.003519556
A23 1137 0.003223858
A24 1079 0.00290334
A25 1005 0.002518762
A26 960 0.002298251
A27 845 0.001780608
A28 845 0.001780608
BRANCH DUCT AHU5
Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES
A1.1 1374 0.005286615
A1.2 1359 0.005192633
A1.3 1343 0.005099493
A1.4 1327 0.005007197
A1.5 1310 0.004908743
A1.6 1292 0.004811267
A1.7 1273 0.004707913
A1.8 1254 0.004605681
A1.9 1233 0.004497871
A1.10 1211 0.004391337
A1.11 1188 0.004279544
A1.12 1163 0.004162747
A1.13 1137 0.004041213
A1.14 1109 0.00392148
A1.15 1079 0.003791238
A1.16 1044 0.003657154
A1.17 1004 0.003519556
 82

A1.18 960 0.003372985

A1.19 908 0.003223858
A1.20 845 0.00306703
A1.21 763 0.00290334
A1.22 641 0.002718041
A2.1 908 0.002513752
A2.2 845 0.002298251
A2.3 763 0.002056017
A2.4 641 0.001780608
A3.1 908 0.001451791
A3.2 845 0.001024639
A3.3 763 0.002718041
A3.4 641 0.002513752
A4.1 908 0.002298251
A4.2 845 0.002056017
A4.3 763 0.001780608
A4.4 641 0.001451791
A5.1 908 0.001024639
A5.2 845 0.002718041
A5.3 763 0.002513752
A5.4 641 0.002298251
A6.1 908 0.002056017
A6.2 845 0.001780608
A6.3 763 0.001451791
A6.4 641 0.001024639
A7.1 908 0.002718041
A7.2 845 0.002513752
A7.3 763 0.002298251
A7.4 641 0.002056017
A8.1 908 0.001780608
A8.2 845 0.001451791
A8.3 763 0.001024639
A8.4 641 0.002718041
A9.1 908 0.002513752
A9.2 845 0.002298251
A9.3 763 0.002056017
A9.4 641 0.001780608
A10.1 908 0.001451791
A10.2 845 0.001024639
A10.3 763 0.002718041
A10.4 641 0.002513752
A11.1 908 0.002298251
A11.2 845 0.002056017
A11.3 763 0.001780608
A11.4 641 0.001451791
A12.1 908 0.001024639
A12.2 845 0.002718041
A12.3 763 0.002513752
A12.4 641 0.002298251
 83

A13.1 908 0.002056017

A13.2 845 0.001780608
A13.3 763 0.001451791
A13.4 641 0.001024639
A14.1 763 0.002298251
A15.1 908 0.002056017
A15.2 845 0.001780608
A15.3 763 0.001451791
A15.4 741 0.001024639
A16.1 741 0.002298251
A17.2 908 0.002056017
A17.3 845 0.001780608
A17.4 763 0.001451791
A17.5 641 0.001024639
A18.1 741 0.002298251
A19.1 908 0.002056017
A19.2 845 0.001780608
A19.3 763 0.001451791
A19.4 641 0.001024639
A20.1 741 0.001780608
A21.1 763 0.001451791
A21.2 641 0.001024639
A22.1 763 0.001451791
A22.2 641 0.001024639
A23.1 763 0.001451791
A23.2 641 0.001024639
A24.1 763 0.001451791
A24.2 641 0.001369277
A25.1 763 0.001451791
A25.2 641 0.001369277
A26.1 641 0.001369277
A27.1 763 0.002056017
A27.2 641 0.001780608
A28.1 845 0.001451791
A28.2 763 0.001024639
A28.3 641 0.001024639

MAIN DUCT AHU6

Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES
A 1599 0.00638403
 84

A1 1549 0.005983534
A2 1531 0.005558717
A3 1473 0.005092364
A4 1451 0.004578609
A5 1406 0.003996892
A6 1145 0.003269384
A7 1327 0.002312637
A8 1299 0.002184775
A9 1229 0.045664477
A10 1189 0.084952903
A11 1034 0.163922271
A12 963 0.321999261
A13 963 0.638587735
BRANCH DUCT AHU6
Main Duct Velocity GRADUAL LOSSES
A1.1 963 0.002312637
A1.2 870 0.001887528
A1.3 731 0.001332569
A2.1 731 0.002312637
A3.1 963 0.001887528
A3.2 870 0.001332569
A3.3 731 0.002312637
A4.1 731 0.001887528
A5.1 870 0.001332569
A5.2 731 0.002312637
A6.1 731 0.001887528
A7.1 870 0.001332569
A7.2 731 0.002312637
A8.1 731 0.001887528
A9.1 870 0.001332569
A9.2 731 0.002312637
A10.1 731 0.001887528
A11.1 963 0.001332569
A11.2 870 0.002312637
A11.3 731 0.001887528
A12.3 731 0.001332569
A13.1 963 0.002312637
A13.2 870 0.001887528
A13.3 731 0.001332569
 85

SUMMARY OF LOSSES

Gradual Losses Friction Losses due to longest run Take off Losses
Floor AHU (in. H2O) (in. H2O) (in. H2O) Total
1st Floor 1 0.282916838 0.1662 5.2918 5.74
  2 0.259876979 0.1794 5.0645 5.50
  3 0.260319071 0.1655 3.8375 4.26
  4 0.266764689 0.1811 5.8052 6.25
2nd Floor 5 0.328816864 0.3692 5.7319 6.43
3rd Floor 6 0.083622817 0.2850 0.5924 0.96

FAN POWER COMPUTATIONS

FORMULA

q x FAN Pt
FAN POWER EFFICIENCY =
6356 x BRAKE POWER

Let Fan efficiency = 85%

 Source: http://hvacformula.blogspot.com/2008/12/fan.power.html

Where, q = Quantity of air in CFM

FAN Pt = total pressure loss in in.H2O

Brake HP. = Brake horse power

C=6356

Example:

AHU 1

CFM = 46720 then, @ the total table losses found at previous page the total loss at AHU # 1 is

5.74 in H2O

Then, FAN Pt = 5.74 in H2O

Fan efficiency = 85%

 86

46720 x 5.74
Brake hp. =
6356 x 0.85

Brake hp. = 49.64 or 50 HP

Floor AHU CFM Constant Fan Pt (in H2O) Fan Eff. Brake Power BHP
1st Floor 1 46720 6356 5.7409 85% 49.65 50
  2 46720 6356 5.5038 85% 47.60 50
  3 46720 6356 4.2633 85% 36.87 40
  4 45260 6356 6.2530 85% 52.38 55
2nd Floor 5 35700 6356 6.4299 85% 42.49 45
3rd Floor 6 7320 6356 0.9610 85% 1.30 2

1ST Floor

AHU 1 Fan Power = 50 Hp

AHU 2 Fan Power = 50 Hp
AHU 3 Fan Power = 40 Hp
AHU 4 Fan Power = 55 Hp

2ND Floor

AHU 5 Fan Power = 45 Hp

3RD Floor

AHU 6 Fan Power = 2 Hp

 87

RECIRCULATED AIR COMPUTATION

Ti = 21 ᵒC = 68.9 F
Bypass factor = 0.2

Tadp = 8 ᵒC = 46.4 F

T3 = Ti - (1-Bf) x (Ti – Tadp)

T3 = 21 – (1-0.2) x (21 – 8)

T3 = 10.6 ᵒC

AHU 1

Qs = mcp∆T = mcp (t i−t 3)

Where;

Qs= sensible heat load, kW

m= mass flow rate of supply air, kg/s

cp= specific heat of the supply air

= 1.0062 kJ/kgᵒk

t i = inside space temperature to be maintained, ᵒC

t 3 = supply air temperature entering space, ᵒC

Qs
m=
cp(t i−t 3 )

Qs @ AHU 1 = 444.42159 kW

444.42159 kw
m=
1.0062kJ /kgᵒk ( 21℃−10.6 ℃ )

m = 42.469 kg/s

mr = m-mo

Where;

m r = mass flow rate of re-circulated air, kg/s

mo= mass flow rate of outside air, kg/s

 88

Ventilation Air Flow

OA% =
Total Supply Air Flow

Source from: Cooling and Heating Load Estimation- A Trane Air Conditioning

Ventilation Air Flow, CFM = 1.5 x No. of occupants in AHU

No. of occupants in AHU 1 =84 persons

Ventilation Air flow = 1.5 x 84 = 126 CFM

Total Supply Air Flow in AHU 1 = 46720 CFM

126 cfm
%Ao = = 0.0026969 = 0.267 %
46720 cfm

mo = m (%Ao)

mo= 42.469 kg/s (0.0026969) = 0.1145 kg/s

mr = m-mo

mr =42.469 kg/s – 0.1145 kg/s= 42.3245 kg/s

 Return Air

mr /m s = 42.3245/42.469 = 0.9973

Air Return:

First Floor

AHU 1 = 0.9973

AHU 2 = 0.9973

AHU 3 = 0.9974

AHU 4 = 0.9974

Second Floor

AHU 5 = 0.9786

Third Floor

AHU 6 = 0.9641
 89

RECIRCULATED AIR COMPUTATION

AH
Floor U Air Flow #occ C Air Flow m mr mo Ar %Ao Ao
1st Floor 1 46720 84 1.5 126 42.47 42.355 0.1145 0.997 0.27 0.0026
  2 46720 85 1.5 127.5 42.86 42.744 0.1170 0.997 0.27 0.0027
  3 46720 80 1.5 120 42.28 42.174 0.1086 0.997 0.26 0.0025
  4 45260 79 1.5 118.5 33.03 32.942 0.0865 0.997 0.26 0.0026
2nd
Floor 5 35700 102 7.5 765 38.35 37.524 0.8217 0.978 2.14 0.0214
3rd Floor 6 7320 35 7.5 262.5 8.84 8.524 0.3171 0.964 3.59 0.0358

SUMMARY OF HEAT LOAD PER AHU

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor
HEAT LOAD
AHU 1 AHU 2 AHU 3 AHU 4 AHU 5 AHU 6
Equipment 292688.00 292688.00 292688.00 154261.00 157295.00 720.00
Occupants 39237.50 39247.50 39997.50 43307.50 23733.04 4870.00
Light 14924.00 14400.00 14928.00 18008.00 23218.00 8648.00
Solar 0.00 0.00 0.00 500.42 1842.79 3293.50
Transmission 6466.96 11952.86 5867.66 18422.46 71045.58 24801.70
Infiltration 46948.43 46587.84 44063.73 61101.51 91739.66 41888.33
Ventilation 44156.70 43646.50 44921.98 50023.80 32396.73 8298.23
TOTAL 444421.59 448522.70 442466.87 345624.69 401270.7981 92519.764
 90

Volumetric Flow Rate (GPM) Computation

GPM = QT/ 500(ΔT)

Where:

GPM = Gallon per minute

QT= 1.2 (QS + QL), Btu/hr.

ΔT= Temperature difference between inside

Dry Bulb Temperature (21 °C) and Apparatus Dew Point (8 °C)

69.8 °F – 46.4 °F = 23.4 °F

Sample: 1st Floor @ AHU 1

QT = 1819715.49 BTU/hr.

GPM = QT / 500(ΔT)

GPM = (1819715.49)/ [500*(23.4)]

=155.53 GPM

VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE

Floor AHU Td (oF) Qt (W) Qt*1.2 Qt (BTU/hr.) Q (GPM)
1st Floor 1 23.4 444421.59 533305.91 1819715.49 155.53
2 23.4 448522.70 538227.24 1836507.77 156.97
3 23.4 442466.87 530960.24 1811711.75 154.85
4 23.4 345624.69 414749.63 1415184.63 120.96
2nd Floor 5 23.4 401270.80 481524.96 1643031.53 140.43
3rd Floor 6 23.4 92519.76 111023.72 378828.69 32.38
 91

Chilled Water Piping

Equal Friction Method

Using Friction Loss for Water in Schedule 40 Steel Pipe

@ V = 5 ft per sec (fps)

From: Air Conditioning Principle System (APS) by Edward Pita, Fourth Edition

CHILLED WATER PIPE COMPUTATION

Floor Pipe GPM Pipe Ø size (in) Standard Pipe (Inside, in.) Pipe Size
1st Floor 1 155.53 3.56 4.026 4
  2 156.97 3.58 4.026 4
  3 154.85 3.56 4.026 4
  4 100.16 2.86 3.068 3
2nd Floor 5 140.43 3.39 3.548 3 1/2
3rd Floor 6 32.38 1.63 2.067 2

Converting 5 ft/s to ft/m:

5 ft/s x 60s/1min = 300ft/m

Converting 155.53 GPM to CFM:

155.53 GPM x 1gal/3.785L x 1m3/1000L x (1ft3/3.28m)3 = 20.77 CFM

Q = VA

A = 20.77/300

A = 0.069244 ft

D = √ 4 (0.069244)/¿ ¿ = 0.296925 ft

Converting 0.296925 ft to inches:

0.296925 ft x 12in. /1ft = 3.5631 in

 92

COOLING TOWER COMPUTATION

 COOLING TOWER #1

Capacity

Qt = 1294215.09 W

QT withmiscellaneous = 1.20 (Qt)

= 1.20 (1294215.09)

= 1553058 Watts

= 1553.058 kW

Capacity of Cooling Tower in GPM

From Trane Manual and ASHRAE

Cooling Tower GPM = 3 GPM/ton x Tons Capacity of Chiller

Cooling Tower GPM = 3 GPM/ton x 441.21 tons

= 1323.63 GPM

Mass flow rate of water entering, kg/s

Q T = mw cpw (t 3−t 4 )

Where;

QT = heat rejected, kW

mw = mass flow rate of water entering, kg/s

cp w = specific heat of water

¿4.187 kJ/kg℃

From cooling tower specifications

t 3= 37℃

t 4 = 32℃

t wb = 27℃
 93

QT
mw =
cp w ( t 3−t 4 )

1553.058 kW
mw = kJ
( 4.187 ℃)(37−32 ℃)
kg

mw = 74.185 kg/s

Cooling Tower Efficiency

μ = (t3 – t4) 100 / (t3  - twb4)

μ = cooling tower efficiency, %

twb1= wet bulb temperature of air entering,℃

Theoretical Efficiency 

(t 3 – t 4 )
μ= x 100 %
(t 3−t wb 1)

37−32° C
μ=( ) x 100 %
37−27 ° C

μ = 50 %

Actual Efficiency

Changing twb1 based on design condition, t=33℃ and RH= 84%

twb1= 30.6 ℃ (Psychrometric Chart)

(t 3 – t 4 )
μ= x 100 %
(t 3−t wb1)

37−32° C
μ=( ) x 100 %
37−30.6 ° C

μ = 78%
 94

Make- up water = m3 –m4

At t3 =37 ℃

hf3 @ 37 ℃ = 155.03 kJ/kg

h3 = hf3 at 37℃ = 155.03 kJ/kg

vf3 @ 37 ℃ = 1.0067 L/kg

v3 = vf3 at 37 ℃ = 1.0067 L/kg

At t4= 32 ℃  

hf4= 134.15 kJ/kg

h4 = hf4 at 32℃ = 134.15 kJ/kg

vf4 = 1.0050 L/kg

v4= vf4 at 32 ℃ = 1.0050 L/kg

Energy Balance;

ma ( h2-h1) = m3h3-m4h4 = mwcpw(t3-t4)

And,

ma ( h2-h1) = mwcpw(t3-t4)

Then,

QT = mwcpw(t3-t4) = m3h3-m4h4

1553.058= (74.185 kg/s) (155.03 kJ/kg) – m4 (134.15 kJ/kg)

m4 = 74.155 kg/s

Water evaporated = make up water = m3- m4

Make up water = 74.185 kg/s – 74.155 kg/s

Make-up water = 0.03 kg/s = 108 kgH20/hr

 95

Make up water percentage, %

amount of makeup water

% Make up H2O =
mass flow rate of water flowing

0 .03 kg/ s
% Make up H2O =
74.185 kg/s

% Make up H2O = 0.0004 =0.04 %

Pump Capacity, GPM

V4 = m4v4

V4 = (74.155kg/s) (1.0050 L/kg)

V4= 74.526 L/s

L 1 gal . 60 s
V4 = 74.526 x x
s 3.785 L 1min .

V4 = 1181.39 GPM

 
 96

Theoretical Power of the pump

ρgQH
WP =
1000

Where;

WP = theoretical power of the pump (water power), kW

H = Total dynamic head or pump head, m

Q = pump capacity, m3/s

ρ = density of the fluid, Kg/m3

g = acceleration due to gravity

= 9.8066 m/s2

1
ρ@ 32 ℃=
v @ 32℃

1
ρ@ 32 ℃=
1.0050 x 10−3 m3 /kg

ρ@ 32 ℃= 995.03 kg/m3

Design condition; H = 20ft = 6.096 m

3
(995.03 kg /m3)(9.8066 m/ s 2)(1.03548 m / s )( 6.096 m)
WP =
1000

1 hp
WP = 61.59 kW x
0.746 kW

WP = 82.57 Hp
 97

 Brake Power of the Pump

℘
BP =
μP

Where;

BP = pump brake power, kW, Bhp

μ = pump efficiency, %

Pump efficiency = range from 80% - 95%

Use: μ = 85 %

82. 57 Hp
BP =
0.85

BP = 97.14 BHp

Say, BP = 100 BHp

 98

COOLING TOWER COMPUTATION

 COOLING TOWER #2

Capacity

Qt =880611.32 W

QT withmiscellaneous = 1.20 (Qt)

= 1.20 (880611.32)

= 1056743 Watts

= 1056.743 kW

Capacity of Cooling Tower in GPM

From Trane Manual and ASHRAE

Cooling Tower GPM = 3 GPM/ton x Tons Capacity of Chiller

Cooling Tower GPM = 3 GPM/ton x 300.211 tons

= 900.633 GPM

Mass flow rate of water entering, kg/s

QT = mw cpw (t 3−t 4 )

Where;

QT = heat rejected, kW

mw = mass flow rate of water entering, kg/s

cp w = specific heat of water

¿4.187 kJ/kg℃

From cooling tower specifications

 99

t 3= 37℃

t 4 = 32℃

t wb = 27℃

QT
mw =
cp w ( t 3−t 4 )

1056.743   kW  
mw = kJ
( 4.187 ℃)(37−32 ℃)
kg

mw = 50.477 kg/s

Cooling Tower Efficiency

μ = (t3 – t4) 100 / (t3  - twb4)

μ = cooling tower efficiency, %

twb1= wet bulb temperature of air entering,℃

Theoretical Efficiency 

(t 3 – t 4 )
μ= x 100 %
(t 3−t wb1)

37−32° C
μ=( ) x 100 %
37−27 ° C

μ = 50 %

Actual Efficiency

Changing twb1 based on design condition, t=33℃ and RH= 84%

twb1= 30.6 ℃ (Psychrometric Chart)

(t 3 – t 4 )
μ= x 100 %
(t 3−t wb 1)

37−32° C
μ=( ) x 100 %
37−30.6 ° C
 100

μ = 78%

Mass flow rate of make-up water, kg/s

Make- up water = m3 –m4

At t3 =37 ℃

hf3 @ 37 ℃ = 155.03 kJ/kg

h3 = hf3 at 37℃ = 155.03 kJ/kg

vf3 @ 37 ℃ = 1.0067 L/kg

v3 = vf3 at 37 ℃ = 1.0067 L/kg

At t4= 32 ℃

hf4= 134.15 kJ/kg

h4 = hf4 at 32℃ = 134.15 kJ/kg

vf4 = 1.0050 L/kg

v4= vf4 at 32 ℃ = 1.0050 L/kg

Energy Balance;

ma( h2-h1) = m3h3-m4h4 = mwcpw(t3-t4)

And,

ma ( h2-h1) = mwcpw(t3-t4)

Then,

QT = mwcpw(t3-t4) = m3h3-m4h4

1056.734= (50.477 kg/s) (155.03 kJ/kg) – m4 (134.15 kJ/kg)

 101

m4 = 50.456 kg/s

Water evaporated = make up water = m3- m4

Make up water = 50.477 kg/s – 50.456 kg/s

Make-up water = 0.021 kg/s = 75.6 kgH20/hr

Make up water percentage, %

amount of makeup water

% Make up H2O =
mass flow rate of water flowing

0 .021 kg/ s
% Make up H2O =
50.477 kg/ s

% Make up H2O = 0.00042 =0.042 %

Make –up Water Pump Capacity, GPM

V4 = m4v4

V4 = (50.456kg/s) (1.0050 L/kg)

V4=50.708 L/s

L 1 gal . 60 s
V4 = 50.708 x x
s 3.785 L 1min .

V4 = 803.825 GPM
 102

CHILLER DESIGN

From Standard refrigeration cycle (data from mechanical engineer reviewer by Jas Tordillo)

Standard Cycle;

Evaporating Temperature = t1= -15℃

Condensing Temperature = t2 = 30℃

Use refrigerant = 134a

From table of refrigeration – 134a: Properties of Liquid and Saturated Vapor

P2 = Psat. @ 30℃ = 771.00 kPa

h3 = h4 = hf @ 30℃ = 91.48 kJ/kg

h1 = hg @ -15℃ = 238.34 kJ/kg

h2 = h @ 771 kPa and s1 equal s2 = 275 kJ/kg

V1 = vg @ -15℃ = 0.12 m3/kg

COOLING TOWER #1

Mass Flow Rate

Qa = m (h1-h4)

Qa = refrigerating Capacity, kW

Qa = 1553.058 kW

Qa
m=
h 1−h 4

 1553.058 kW      
m=
238.34 kJ /kg−91.48 kJ /kg
 103

m = 10.58 kg/s

Compressor Work

Wc = m (h2 –h1)

Wc = (10.58 kg/s) (275 kJ/kg-238.34 kJ/kg)

1 hp
Wc = 387.863 kW x
0.746 kW

Wc = 519.9 hp

Say, Wc = 600 hp

Heat Rejected in the Condenser

Qr = m (h2-h3)

Qr = (10.58 kg/s) (275 kJ/kg – 91.48 kJ/kg)

Qr = 1941.6 kW

Volume flow rate at suction

V1’ = mv1

V1’ = (10.58 kg/s) (0.12 m3/kg)

V1 = 1.2696 m3/s
 104

CHILLER PUMP #1 COMPUTATION

 Source “Mechanical Engineering Formula 2nd ed. By Jas Tardillo” page 28-6

q(flow rate) x γ x Ht
Brake Power =
ŋ( p)

Basing in the building design:

Assume that the longest run in the system is approximately = 200 m or 656.18 ft

 Source “Mark’s Handbook chapter 12, page12-95 (use the friction loss for closed piping)

From: Air Conditioning Principles and Systems by Edward G. Pita

Figure 8.14, Schedule 40 steel pipe.

By plotting the 1323.63 GPM with respect with 5 ft/s

Pipe Diameter Size: 10 in

Unit friction = 1.4 ft h2O/100feet

Hf = (1.4 ft h2O/100feet) x 656.18 ft = 9.19 ft or 2.80 m

5ft/s x 1m/3.281ft = 1.524m/s

v ² (1.524 m/ s) ²
Hv= = = 0.118m
2 g 2(9.81 m/ s ²)

Zd=10m

Solving for Ht= Hf+Hv+Zd= 10m+ 2.80m + 0.118= 12.92 m

Pump efficiency ranges from 15 to 90 %.

Use 85 % (common pump efficiency)

1323.63Gal/m x 1m/60s x 3.7854L/1Gal x 1m3/1000L = 0.08 m3/s

 105

0.08 x 9.81 x 12.92

Brake Power = = 11.93 kW
0.85

11.93 kW x 1 hp/ 0.746 kW = 15.99 hp

Use = 16 Hp

COOLING TOWER #2

Mass Flow Rate

Qa = m (h1-h4)

Qa = refrigerating Capacity, kW

Qa = 1056.734 kW

Qa
m=
h 1−h 4

 1056.734 kW      
m=
238.34 kJ /kg−91.48 kJ /kg

m = 7.196 kg/s

Compressor Work

Wc = m (h2 –h1)

Wc = (7.196 kg/s) (275 kJ/kg-238.34 kJ/kg)

1 hp
Wc = 263.81 kW x
0.746 kW

Wc = 350.952 hp

Say, Wc = 400 hp

Heat Rejected in the Condenser

Qr = m (h2-h3)

Qr = (7.196 kg/s) (275 kJ/kg – 91.48 kJ/kg)

Qr = 1320.61 kW
 106

Volume flow rate at suction

V1’ = mv1

V1’ = (7.196 kg/s) (0.12 m3/kg)

V1 = 0.864 m3/s

CHILLER PUMP #2 COMPUTATION

 Source “Mechanical Engineering Formula 2nd ed. By Jas Tardillo” page 28-6

q(flow rate) x γ x Ht
Brake Power =
ŋ( p)

Basing in the building design:

Assume that the longest run in the system is approximately = 200 m or 656.18 ft

 Source “Mark’s Handbook chapter 12, page12-95 (use the friction loss for closed piping)

From: Air Conditioning Principles and Systems by Edward G. Pita

Figure 8.14, Schedule 40 steel pipe.

By plotting the 900.633 GPM with respect with 5 ft/s

Pipe Diameter Size: 9 in

Unit friction = 1.4 ft h2O/100feet

Hf = (1.523 ft h2O/100feet) x 656.18 ft = 9.99 ft or 3 m

5ft/s x 1m/3.281ft = 1.524m/s

v ² (1.524 m/s) ²
Hv= = = 0.118m
2 g 2(9.81 m/s ²)

Zd=10m

Solving for Ht= Hf+Hv+Zd= 10m+ 3m + 0.118= 13.12 m

Pump efficiency ranges from 15 to 90 %.

Use 85 % (common pump efficiency)

 107

900.633Gal/m x 1m/60s x 3.7854L/1Gal x 1m3/1000L = 0.06 m3/s

0.06 x 9.81 x 13.12

Brake Power = = 9.085 kW
0.85

9.085 kW x 1 hp/ 0.746 kW = 12.178 hp

Use = 15 Hp