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PR1 Q1M3 100 of GRADE 11
PR1 Q1M3 100 of GRADE 11
Quarter 1- Module 3:
Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem
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11
Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem
1. In order to achieve the objectives of this module, here’s a simple guide for you:
2. Read and follow instructions carefully.
3. Answer the pretest before going through the lessons.
4. Take note and record points for clarification.
5. Compare your answers against the key to answers found at the end of the module.
6. Do the activities and fully understand each lesson.
7. Answer the self-check to monitor what you learned in each lesson.
8. Answer the posttest after you have gone over all the lessons.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Learning Objectives 1
Pretest 2
Lesson 1 The Subject Matter of the Research
I. What is a Research Topic 4
II. Rules in Choosing a Research Topic 5
III. Research Topic to be Avoided 6
IV. Sources of Research Topic 7
Post test 11
Pretest 14
Lesson 2 The Research Problem and Research Question
I. An Overview of the Research Problem and 15
Research Question
A. Background of the Study 17
B. Statement of the Problem 18
C. Scope and Delimitation of Study 19
D. Significance of the Study 21
II. Presenting Written Statement of the Problem 22
Post test 33
iv
What I need to know
Did you know that parachutes function only when opened? In the same manner
your minds work when unlocked. Research study is like you are planning to travel to
a place you have not been to and the question is where and how do you start. ? Where
should you start a research? How do you choose a topic? What far will it go and who
will benefit from it. In research, you are inclining to think in various stages that sorts
out from the simplest to the most intricate thoughts. You are beginning to perform what
you want to research intending to know a new subject into higher levels of thinking as
you go through the several conditions. The quality of thinking and devotion you give
to your actions of choosing your research, identifying question, knowing the coverage
and the significance of your research study strongly determined the success of your
research work.
Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
1
What I know
1. A business student plans a research project of an online business. Due to its limited
information (the title) on the nature of the business, which one of these best applies to
the idea?
a. It is too broad.
b. It is a highly technical subject.
c. It has an acceptable method.
d. It has an acceptable purpose.
2. What is the main advantage of producing a written research project?
a. Helps with liability.
b. Helps the society.
c. Informs all interested parties.
d. Helps keep people employed.
3. Good research proposals will always:
a. focus on the written style.
b. provides respondent names and addresses.
c. consider all possible research previously been done on the topic.
d. focus on addressing the research objectives.
4. What is the reason for consulting handbooks, yearbooks, encyclopedias, or reviews
in the initial stages of identifying a research topic?
a. They are readily available.
b. They provide an overview of the issues related to a topic.
c. They are primary sources.
d. They avoid reporting statistical data to interpret the results more readily.
5. Which of the following are excellent sources for research topics?
a. Theory
b. Personal experience
c. Replication of prior research
d. All of the above
6. Mr. Santos identified his research topic as "classroom assessment." He recognized
very quickly his topic was far too broad. Which of the following is likely to have led to
that conclusion?
a. There was far too much written on the topic to understand it all.
b. It was difficult to organize the material collected in an effective manner.
c. The potential problems he began thinking would be next to impossible to
study.
d. All of the above.
7. What is a research project?
a. A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory.
b. A choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.
c. A style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph.
d. A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.
2
8. Which of these would be assured by you when selecting factors for a study in
general?
a. They have been investigated before
b. They are available to investigate
c. They are not of interest to you
d. They do not lead to another question
9. Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic?
a. Personal experience
b. Getting an idea from your advisor
c. Looking for the next step in the research process
d. All of the above
10. What is not true of a research title?
a. Read the most, and it is usually read first
b. Least important element that defines the research problem.
c. Contains few words that describe the purpose of the research
d. All of the above
___________________
1This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from an online link
https://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_saunders_doingresearch.html /Copyright © 1995-2010, Pearson
Education, Inc
3
Lesson
1 The Subject Matter of the Research
Developing a good research topic may not be easy for you but it is an important
skill. Your teacher may assign you a particular topic but often requires you to choose
a topic that interests you .In this lesson you are given the guidelines in choosing a
topic when you begin your research work. These pointers will guide you in selecting a
good topic. Other factors affecting in choosing and writing your research are topics
that need to be avoided this will help you focus clearly on your subjects. Likewise the
sources of information are important for you to know where your research topic may
come from.
What’s in?
(
In the previous lesson, you learned to illustrate the importance of qualitative
research across fields of inquiry .Research can be conducted in any field of knowledge
.Whatever field you belong you can freely choose the basic research approaches
either the scientific ,naturalistic or mixed. The areas of disciplines that are classified
into soft and hard sciences assist you to understand where you really fit. These will
guide you into this next learning of designing a research project and writing a research
title.
What’s New?
4
Elements of a Research Title
Example:
Subject matter: The effects of the use of cell phones on the academic
performance
Population to senior high school students
Place or locale: at Department of Education
Time period: during the first semester, school year 2018-2019
____________________
1For more information about rules in choosing a research topic see Barbour, R. (2014). Introducing Qualitative
Research: A Student Guide. Los Angeles: Sage Pub.USA.
5
3. Timeliness and relevance of the topic.
4. Limitations on the subject. Connect your choice with course requirements. You need
to decide on one topic to
finish your course.
1. Controversial topics.
It depends more on the writer’s opinion leading to biases. Facts cannot support
this topic.
3. Hard-to-investigate subjects.
Happens if there are no available reading materials about it and if such materials are
not up-to-date.
6. Vague subjects.
Titles beginning with indefinite adjectives such as several, many, some, etc., as in
“Some Remarkable Traits of a Filipino” or “Several People’s Comments on the RH
Law,” are vague enough to decrease the readers’ interests and curiosity.
____________________
1
For more information about rules in choosing a research topic see Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical
Research’s .Ist ed. Rex Bookstore. Manila
6
IV. Sources of Research Topics1
1. Mass media communication – press (newspapers, ads, TV, radio, films, etc.)
2. What are those topics to avoid in preventing you to have a clear focus on your
research paper?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________
1
For more information about sources of research topic s see: Silverman, D. 2013. Doing Qualitative
Research. 4th ed. London: Sage Pub.USA.
7
3. Where can you find sources of research topics to create ideas of selecting a good
subject matter?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned the rules in choosing a research subject. These includes topics
to be avoided and the sources of where to search.
1. What topics you find most relevant in your daily life potential to research? Cite
two issues.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________
2. How about a writing a good research title? Present (1) one good example of a
research title and (1) NOT so good title. Describe each.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8
What’s more?
Topics to choose:
1. Climate Change
2. Social Networking
3. Communication Skills
4. Medicinal Plants
5. Cultural Beliefs
Example: Topic Chocolate
Topic Chocolate
What new questions do you have about Are there health benefits to eating
your topic? chocolate? Can chocolate boost your
mood? Is chocolate addictive?
Narrowing Chart
Topic
Sub-Topics
9
What sub-topics are of most interest to
you?
Think of this statement: A good research is seen in the way its topic is outlined. When
you choose topics for your research, you have to think about the reasons why you
identified those topics.
How will you write a good research topic?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What I can do
10
Thinking back, what subject matter most interesting to you?
Propose a title out of the above research topics. Write your title on the spaces
provided. (Save the titles for the additional activity to be done)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Additional Activity
From the topics or titles you had saved, browse through some current articles that
relates to the subject matter that interest you to research. Read and summarize the
topic using the narrowing chart on page 9 of this lesson. It is important that you save
this task for your next lesson.
Assessment
11
3. What is the reason for consulting handbooks, yearbooks, encyclopedias, or reviews
in the initial stages of identifying a research topic?
a. They are readily available.
b. They provide an overview of the issues related to a topic.
c. They are primary sources.
d. They avoid reporting statistical data to interpret the results more readily.
4. Which of the following are excellent sources for research topics?
a. Theory
b. Personal experience
c. Replication of prior research
d. All of the above
5. Mr. Santos identified his research topic as "classroom assessment." He recognized
very quickly his topic was far too broad. Which of the following is likely to have led to
that conclusion?
a. There was far too much written on the topic to understand it all.
b. It was difficult to organize the material collected in an effective manner.
c. The potential problems he began thinking would be next to impossible to
study.
d. All of the above.
6. What is a research project?
a. A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory.
b. A choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.
c. A style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph.
d. A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.
7. Which of these would be assured by you when selecting factors for a study in
general?
a. They have been investigated before
b. They are available to investigate
c. They are not of interest to you
d. They do not lead to another question
8. A business student plans a research project; it is called a description of an online
business. On the limited information (the title), which one of these best applies to the
idea?
a. It is too broad.
b. It is a highly technical subject.
c. It has an acceptable method.
d. It has an acceptable purpose.
9. What is the main advantage of producing a written research project?
a. Helps with liability.
b. Helps the society.
c. Informs all interested parties.
d. Helps keep people employed.
___________________
1This set of questions presented in the post-test are extracted from an online link
https://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_saunders_doingresearch.html /Copyright © 1995-2010, Pearson
Education, Inc
12
10. Good research proposals will always:
a. Focus on the written style.
b. Provides respondent names and addresses.
c. Consider all possible research previously been done on the topic.
d. Focus on addressing the research objectives.
d. They do not lead to another question
___________________
1This set of questions presented in the post-test are extracted from an online link
https://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_saunders_doingresearch.html /Copyright © 1995-2010, Pearson
Education, Inc
13
What I know
Direction:
Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a
research, FALSE if you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank spaces
provided.
________2. The research question should be either too broad or too narrow.
________5. Objectives of the research indicate what will the research will do, for
instance, discover, explain or seek.
________6. The rationale of the study gives the reasons why the study should be
conducted.
___________________
1This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from an online link
https://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_saunders_doingresearch.html /Copyright © 1995-2010, Pearson
Education, Inc
15
________13.A problem statement identifies the nature of the problem being
addressed, and its context and significance.
___________________
1This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from an online link
https://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_saunders_doingresearch.html /Copyright © 1995-2010, Pearson
Education, Inc
16
Lesson The Research Problem and
2 Research Question
Having a problem makes you anxious that pushes you to exert efforts on finding
a solution. There will be doubts that you are uncertain of your solutions thus conducting
a research is the best thing to do. Doing a research always begins with a problem
which points you to a topic to look out. Getting the background and establishing your
research question that causes the problem is a hint to start knowing what your problem
is all about In this lesson you have to study the concept of research problems and
research questions including its scope and delimitation, cite the significance
What’s in?
(
In the previous lesson, you learned to how to choose research topics and write
a title. Following those rules and what to avoid had guide you to create a good topic
for your research. You have the sources of research topics which you can use to find
a researchable topic. Even your work experiences can be a clue to a research topic
which relates to daily life situations.
What’s New?
Chapter I of the research paper is called The Problem and Its Background
(sometimes also called The Introduction)
Others have sections such as Objectives of the Study, Hypotheses but these will not
be considered in this lesson
General
A research topic is the Topic: Distance Learning
broad subject matter
of the study
Research Problem:
A research problem is
a general issue or Lack of learners knowledge
concern about the about distance in distance
research that narrow education .
the topic.
18
Purpose of background of the study
d. Rationale of the study - Give the reason(s) why the study should be conducted.
Example:
In 2004, the researcher migrated to the Philippines to accompany her spouse who
was at the time studying at the Adventist Institute for International Advanced
Studies (AIIAS) in Silang, Cavite. They discovered the study opportunities and
were motivated by the quality of education and low school fees being offered. They
visited several colleges and universities to collect pamphlets and sent them back
to Vanuatu for educational awareness. The Ni-Vanuatus became aware and
decided to send students to study in the Philippines. The first two schools to
receive Vanuatu students were AMA Computer College in Dasmariñas, Cavite
and Air Link Aviation College in Paranaque City. The researcher came to know
Cavite State University (CvSU) in 2009 and transferred from AMA.
(Ngwele, March 2011)
19
Do‘s! Don’ts!
Explain the importance of your o Write a background that is too
research topic long or short
Talk about the main o Be ambiguous in your writing,
developments and missing links disorganized and discuss
and gaps in your research area unrelated subjects.
Focus on the relevant aspects o Forget the reader may not be
of your study explaining how it familiar with the details of your
will lead to the progress of work.
scientific knowledge.
Engage your findings in a o Elaborate on your background
chronological findings literature
Articulate your ideas in a clear o Forget to provide a historical
and concise manner perspective
Engage the readers by building o Forget to check your target
a story around the central journal’s instruction for
theme of your research presenting the study background
It is composed of
1. The general statement of the problem (the purpose statement) and
2. The specific sub-problems or sub-questions (or research questions).
1. The general statement of the problem and the research questions should be
formulated first before conducting the research.
2. Research questions should be stated in the interrogative and each should be clear
to avoid confusion.
3 Each research question should be researchable separately from the other questions
and must be based upon known facts and phenomena which is accessible to the
researcher.
____________________
1
For more information about do’s and don’ts of writing a research background study, see online link on
www.editage.com/insights/8-dos-and-8-donts-of-writing-an-engaging-study-background
20
4. Answers to each research question can be interpreted apart from the answers to
the other specific questions and must contribute to the development of the whole
research study.
8. The summary of the answers to all the specific questions will give a complete
development of the entire study.
Example:
1. What are the commonly used web-based tools used in test administration?
2. How are these web-based test tools evaluated?
3. How could evaluation model be designed for web-based test administration?
IV.Sco and Delimitation of Research
Scope of a Study
It is the coverage of the research to be explored which includes the facts and
theories about the subject
Example:
A research study on the impact of social networking on the attitude of senior high
school learners.
It is not possible to cover all aspects of the selected subject. The scope will have to be
restricted to a specific section of the target population over a specified duration.
In the above-cited study, a group of 40 learners in senior high school at one particular
school would be an ideal coverage to study their attitude for five months.
____________________
1For more information about scope and delimitation of the study see Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016).
Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc. Quezon City.
These would form the next parameter.
21
Delimitation of a Study
1. Sample size.
a. The research design and method will determine whether if it is small or large
sample size.
b. The sample size will determine the quality of data and the relationships that
will be identified among the variables.
6. Access.
The amount and quality of available data will depend on the ability of the
researcher to access people, organizations, libraries, and documents.
7. Time period.
It is advisable to select a research problem and design
8. Bias.
The researcher should be aware of his or her personal biases .
9. Language.
This may have an effect on data collection, especially if the researcher is
involved with respondents that speak a variety of languages.
22
When writing the paper, the researcher should ensure that any delimitation
factor is noted down at the introduction, discussion, and conclusion sections. He or
she should clarify why the study included and excluded some delimitation.
The significance of the study discuss the purpose that the research will serve
to society, the country, the government, the institution or agency concerned,
the curriculum planners and developers, and the research community.
The researcher must identify specifically the beneficiaries who will directly gain
from the results of the study mentioning them in the paper according to the
significance of the result. The specific benefits must also be enumerated and
explained if necessary.
Example:
The findings of the study may provide deeper insights on how teaching can be made
easier and more meaningful by the use of computer-aided instruction. The study determined the
significant effects of slide presentation in instruction, a form of computer instruction on the
performance of the students in the subjects Asian History and Civilization.
To the students, the results may serve as an inspiration for them to continuously improve
their skills in using computers because they will realize the comfort that computer skills offer in
complying with the requirements of major subjects in the coming years.
To the administrators, the results may serve as a guide in the program-planning and
implementation of the IT department so that they can be of great help to the teachers of the
university.
To the teachers, the results may serve as an eye opener for those who are not
comfortable on the use of computers in their class lesson presentations. The findings of this
study may encourage more of them to apply computer-aided instruction in teaching.
23
II. Presenting Written Statement of the Problem
The following sections compose the presentation of the written statement of the
problem
1. Introduction
States briefly the background of the study and identifies the rationale of the
research problem.
It begins with a general statement of the problem, outlines the specific problem
or issue within the existing literature.
States clearly the purposes or interest of the study, poses specific questions
about research problem.
Sets the boundaries and parameters of the study, narrows the scope of the
inquiry.
Shows the benefits of the study to address issues and l problems, in improving
economic and health conditions or even finding solutions to problems
encountered in daily life.
24
2. What is the difference between a research problem and research topic?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
25
What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned the concepts on research problems.
You were asked to save the titles you had proposed as your research topic. You
will use these on succeeding activities to create or write your research problem.
a. Essays or reflections you have written from past classes and other activities
you have taken or a lecture you have attended
b. Life experiences
c. Issues or problems observed in your surroundings
1. Among the titles you saved previously, which of those you think should be
addressed? Kindly elaborate further on this matter.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. With the above research topics you saved, identify at least three research
problems for each and explain why you chose them.
Topic A: Essays or reflections you have written from past classes and other
activities you have taken or a lecture you have attended
26
Reasons:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
From the three research topics choose one as your proposed research study
which you will use on the later part of this lesson.
What’s more?
1. How will you introduce yourself? Write your answer in NOT less than three
(3) sentences.
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27
.
https://www.stockunlimited.com/vector-illustration/businessman-shaking-hands-silhouette
INTRODUCTION
28
B. Synthesize your ideas and create a caption on the picture below.
https://www.stockunlimited.com/vector-illustration/targetboard
1. What is your interpretation of the picture? What does the target board
mean relative to research?
___________________________________________________________
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29
What I have learned
From that chosen research study as your proposal, formulate the following:
1. Proposed Study_________________________________________________
30
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
5. Provide at least three related literatures as references for the concept of your
study.
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8. Who will be the beneficiaries? What will be their benefits to receive after the
problem is solved or the research is finish?
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____________________________________________________________
31
B. The statement of the problem part of your research study.
2. Purpose statement:
The researcher seeks to _______________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
3. Central question:
______________________________________________________________
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4. Sub-question:
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5. Other questions:
______________________________________________________________
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32
What I can do
From your proposed research study present your written Statement of the
Problem which comprises the following sections:
33
III. Scope and Delimitation of the Study
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34
Additional Activities
After presenting Chapter 1 of your research study, edit or rewrite your work
using the corrections, suggestions and recommendations made by your
teacher. Save your work for the next lesson. Use the empty space provided.
35
Assessment
Direction: Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a
research, FALSE if you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank.
________1. The rationale of the study gives the reasons why the study should be
conducted.
________2. The starting point in any research project is to formulate a question.
________10. The "specific aims" of a study are the same thing as the "objectives" of
a study.
________11. Research question come from any of several sources namely,
personal interest and experiences.
________12. The research question should be either too broad or too narrow.
_________________________
1
This set of questions presented in the post-test are extracted from an online link
https://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_saunders_doingresearch.html /Copyright © 1995-2010,
Pearson Education, Inc
36
REFERENCES
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application .Rev.ed.Rex Book Store.Manila.
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School .Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc.Quezon City.
Leanillo, M. (October 2016). Evaluation model on the use of a web-based tool in test
Administration for Grade 11 and 12 students. Unpublished masteral thesis
proposal. Manila: Philippine Normal University.
Miranda Plata, et al. Research: Process and product workbook. Biñan, Laguna:
Trailblazer Publications.
www.editage.com/insights/8-dos-and-8-donts-of-writing-an-engaging-study-
background?
37