CHAPTER

LINER EQUATIONS
IN TWO VARIABLES
• Linear Equations in Two Vari- x =2 , y = 1 is a solution of 2x+5y (ii) an infinite number of solutions,
ables: An equation of the form =9
a1 b1 c1
ax + by + c = 0 where a, b, c • System of Linear Equa- if
R(real numbers) and a 0,
a2 b2 c2
tio ns :
b 0 Consistent System :- A system a1 b1 c1
and x, y are variables is called a consisting of two simultaneous (iii) no solution, if
linear equation in two variables. a2 b2 c2
linear equations is said to be
Examples : Each of the follow- consistent, if it has at least one Homogenous System of Equa-
ing equations is a linear equa- solutions. tions:
tion : Inco ns is tent Sys tem : A The system of equations a1x +
(i) 4x + 7y = 13 system consisting of two simul- b1y
(ii) 2x - 5y = 36 taneous linear equations is = 0; a2x + b2y = 0 has
said to be inconsistent, if it has (i) only solution x = 0, y = 0, when
(iii) 3x 7y 2 a1 b1
no solution at all.
The condition a 0, b 0, is of- E.g.: Consider the system of equa- a 2 b2
ten denoted by a2 + b2 0 tions: x + y = 9 & 3x + 3y y = 5. (ii) an infinite number of solutions
Note: The graph of a linear equation Clearly, there are no values of x
a1 b1
ax + by + c = 0, is a straight line. and y w hich m ay when
Solution of linear equation : Any pair simulatneously satisfy the given a 2 b2
of values of x and y which satisfy equations. So, the system given • The graphs of a1x + b1y + c1 = 0,
the equation ax + by + c = 0, is called above is inconsistent. a2x + b2y + C2 = 0 will be :
its solution. Conditions for Solvability : (i) Parallel, if the system has no
E.g.: show that x = 2 and y = 1 is a The system of equations a1x + Solution ;
solution of 2x + 5y = 9 b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 (ii) Coincident, if the system has
Sol: Substituting x = 2 and y = 1 in has : infinite number of solutions ;
the given equation, we get LHS a1 b1 (iii) Intersecting, if the system has a
= 2 2 + 5 1 = 9 = RHS (i) a unique solution, if unique solution.
a2 b2

EXERCISE

1. If 11x -13 = -2x + 78, then x =? 5. If 2x + 3y = 12 and 3x - 2y = 5, 8. The cost of 2 sarees and 4 shirts
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 4 then x and y must have the is Rs. 16000 while 1 saree and 6
2. If 2x + 3y = 29 and y = x + 3, values : shirts cost the same. The cost of
what is the value of x ? (a) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and -3 12 shirts is :
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 7 (c) 3 and -2 (d) 3 and 2 (a) Rs. 12,000 (b) Rs. 24,000
3. If 2x + 3y = 5 and x = -2, then the 6. The equations ax + b = 0 and cx + (c) Rs. 48,000
value of y is : d = 0 are consistent, if : (d) Can’t be determined
1 (a) ad = bc (b) ad + bc = 0 9. The system of equations kx - y =
(a) (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 9 (c) ab - cd = 0 (d) ab + cd = 0 2 and 6x - 2y = 3 has a unique
3
4. The value of x + y in the solution 7. The equations 2x + y = 5 and x + solution when :
2y = 4 are (a) K = 0 (b) K 0
x y 5
of the equations + = and (a) consistent and have infi- (c) K = 3 (d) K 3
4 3 12 nitely many solutions 10. The value of y in the solution of
x (b) consist ent and have a
+y =1
2 unique solution. the equation 2x+y = 2x-y 8 is :
1 5 3 (c) inconsistent 1 1 3
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) (d) none of these (a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 4 2 4

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11. The solutions of the equations 14. The value of k for which the sys- 17. The number of solutions of the
3x y 1 2x y 2 3x 2y 1 tem of equations x + 2y = 5, 3x 1
is + ky + 15 = 0 has no solution, equations x 2 and 2xy - 3y
3 5 6 y
is:
(a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 1 = -2 is :
(c) x = -1, y = -1 (d) x = 1, y = 2 (a) 6 (b) -6 (c) 2 (d) 4
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2
12. If x + 2y 3, x > 0 and y > 0, then 15. The equations 2x - 5y = 9 and 8x
(d) None of these
one of the solutions is : - 20y = 36 have : 18. If 2a + 3b = 17 and 2a+2 - 3b+1 = 5,
(a) x = -1, y = 2 (a) no common solution then:
(b) x = 2, y = 1 (b) exactly one common solution (a) a = 2, b = 3 (b) a= -2, b = 3
(c) x = 1, y = 1 (c) exactly two common solu- (c) a = 2, b = -3(d) a = 3, b = 2
(d) x = 0, y = 0 tions 19. The solution to the system of
13. A purse contains 25 paise and 10 (d) more than two common so- equations
paise coins. The total amount in |xx + y|= 1 and x - y = 0 is given by:
lutions
the purse is ` 8.25. If the num-
16. The difference between two 1 1
ber of 25 paise coins is one- third (a) x y (b) x y
numbers is 5 and the difference 2 2
of the number of 10 paise coins
in the purse, then the total num- between their squares is 65. The 1 1
ber of coins in the purse: larger number is : (c) x y or x y
2 2
(a) 30 (b) 40 (c) 45 (d) 60 (a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 12 (d) x = 1, y = 0

ANSWER KEY

SOLUTION

1. (a) 11x - 13 = -2x + 78 cost of 12 shirts = (Rs.2000 12)

1 3
11x + 2x = 78 + 13 x y 1 = Rs. 24000
2 2 9.(d) For a unique solution, we must
13x = 91 5.(d) 2x + 3y
y = 12 (i) have
91 3x - 2y
y=5 (ii)
x 7 (i) 2 + (ii) 3, we get ; x = 3 a1 b1
13
putting x = 3 in (i), we get 2 3+3y a2 b2
2.(c) Putting y = x + 3 in 2x + 3y = 29, = 12
we get,
3y = 6 y=2 k 1 1
2x + 3(x + 3) = 29 2x + 3x + 9 = k 6 k 3
x = 3 and y = 2 6 2 2
29
6.(a) The equations are consistent if
20 a b 10.(a) 2x+y = 2x-y = 8 =2
3/2

5x = 29 - 9 = 20 x 4
5 c d
3.(b) Putting x = -2 in 2x + 3y
y = 5, we 3
i.e. ad = bc x+y= .......(i)
get ; 2
7.(b) 2x + y = 5 (i)
-4 + 3y = 5 3y = 5 + 4 = 9
x + 2y = 4 (ii) 3
9 On solving we get, x = 2, y = 1 and x - y = ........ (ii)
y 3 2
3 Thus (b) is true
4.(d) Given equations are : 8.(b) Let cost of 1 saree = Rs. x & (i) – (ii)
3x + 4yy=5 (i) and cost of 1 shirt = Rs. y 2y = 0 y=0
x + 2y = 2 (ii) 2x + 4y = 16000 ........(i)
(i) - 2 (ii): x = 5 - 4 = 1 and x + 6y = 16000 .......(ii) 3x - y +1 2x + y +2
11.(b) =
from (ii) 2y = 2 - x = 2 - 1 Mul tipl ying (ii ) by 2 and 3 5
=1 substracting (i) from it, we get,
1 5(3x - y +1) = 3(2x + y +2)
y 8y = 16000 y = 2000
2

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 9x - 8y = 1 .........(i) y(2x - 3) = -2 ......(ii)
1
and x y y 3x (ii)
3x – y 1 3x 2y 1 3 1
and = putting y = in (ii)
3 6 putting y = 3x in (i), we get : 2 x
= 2(3x - y + 1) = (3x + 2y + 1) 5x + 6x = 165 11x = 165 x =
15 2x 3 2x - 3 = -4 + 2x. this
3x - 4y = -1 ........(ii) 2
from (ii), y = 3x = 3 15 = 45 2 x
(i) - 2 (ii):- gives 1=0
Total number of coins in the
(9 - 6)x - 8y + 8y = 1 - (-2) x =1 purse This is impossible So, there is no
putting x = 1 in (i) we get, 9 1 - 8y = x + y = 15 + 45 = 60 solution.
=1 14.(a) a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 18.(b) 2a + 3b = 17 and
8y = 8 y=1 a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 will have no 2a+2 - 3b+1 = 5 22.2a - 3.3b = 5
x =1, y = 1. solution if 4.2a - 3.3b = 5
12. (c) Here we will go through a1 b1 c1 1 2 let 2a = x & 3b = y then
k 6
options. a2 b2 c2 3 k x + y = 17 ...........(i)
in option (a) x < 0 and 4x - 3y = 5 ............(ii)
15.(d) The given equations are 2x - 5y y
in option (d) x = 0 3 (i) + (ii), we get
= 9 and 8x - 20y = 36 2x - 5
5y
hence (a) and (d) can’t be the 7xx = 56 x = 8 2a = 8 = 23
=9
required answer because both
Thus, there is one equation in two a=3
does not satisfy the given condi- variables. So, the given equations
tion i.e. x > 0. putting x = 8 in (i), we get
have an infinite number of solu-
Now option (b) x = 2, y = 1, then tions. y = 17 - 8 = 9 3b = 9 = 32
x + 2y = 2 + 2(1) = 4 which is > 3 16.(a) Let the numbers be x and y y. b=2
clearly, values of option (b) do not Then,
a = 3 and b = 2.
satisfy x + 2y 3 x - y = 5 and x2 - y2 = 65
19.(c) Note that |a| = 1 means a = 1
option (c) x = 1, y = 1, then x + 2y x 2 y2 65 or a = -1
= 1+ 2 = 3 3 x y 13
x y 5 So, |x + y|=1 x + y = 1 or -(x + y)
So, x = 1, y = 1 is one of the =1
solving x - y = 5 and x + y = 13,
solutions. (x + y) = – 1
we get;
13. (d) Let the number of 25 paise x = 9 and y = 4 solving x + y = 1, x - y = 0, we get
coins be x & that of 10 paise coins
larger number = 9 1 1
be y, then: x= and y =
17.(d) 2 2
25 10 solving x + y = – 1, x – y = 0, we
x y 8.25 1 1 1
100 100 x 2 2 x y ........( i ) get x = –1/2 and y = – 1/2
y y 2 x
5x + 2y = 165 (i) 1
and 2
2xy - 3y = -2 x=y=
2

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