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Lathe Machine Operations And Lathe

Cutting Tools
by Jignesh Sabhadiya

Lathe Machine Operations
A lathe is a machine that rotates the piece on the axis in order to perform
various operations like cutting, facing, knurling, deformation, and more.
Metal spinning, thermal spraying, woodturning, and metalworking are the
common operations performed with a lathe machine.

The general operations done with the lathe are grooving, turning, cutting,
grinding, sanding, etc. In order to operate the lathe first, you must know the
feed rates, cutting speed, depth of cut, and how the tool is used. Each lathe
operation has its own factors that must be considered before starting work.

The factors should be used properly so that mishandling and mishaps are
avoided in any type of lathe operation. With every cut desired the speed,
depth, and feed of the lathe are changed for reasons of precision.

Types Of Lathe Operation

The working of the lathe machine changes with every operation and cut
desired. There is a lot of operation used for using the lathe machine. Some
of the common lathe operations are:
 Facing: This is usually the first step in a lathe operation. The metal is
cut from the end to fit the right angle of the axis and the markings
removed.
 Tapering: Tapering is to cut the metal to nearly a cone shape with
the help of the compound slide. This is something in between the
parallel turning and facing off. If one is willing to change the angle
then they can adjust the compound slide as they like.
 Parting: The part is removed so that it faces the ends. For this, the
parting tool is involved slowly to make perform the operation. For to
 make the cut deeper the parting tool is pulled out and transferred to
the side for the cut and to prevent the tool from breaking. 
 Parallel Turning: This operation is adopted in order to cut the metal
parallel to the axis. Parallel turning is done to decrease the diameter
of the metal.
 Contour turning: In this operation of the lathe machine, the tool is
not fed in a straight path. Instead, the tool follows a contour. A
contoured form is created in the turned part. Feed: Contoured feed.
Not parallel to the axis of w/p rotation.
 Rough turning: It is a process of removal of excess material from the
workpiece in minimum time by applying a high rate of feed and
heavy depth of cut. The depth of cut is around 2 to 5mm and the rate
of feed is 0.3 to 1.5mm/revolution.
 Form turning: In this method, a specially shaped tool is used. The
tool is inserted radially. Feed for forming: Radial. Diagram for lathe
machine operation which involves facing, forming, and contour
turning.
 Chamfering: Only the cutting edge is used at the corner of cylindrical
shapes which is used for stress relieving of the workpiece.
 Boring: A single point tool head is fed linearly to the end of the
workpiece (on the inside diameter). Feed: Linear.
 Drilling: Drilling and reaming are done by feeding the lathe tool
along the axis of the rotating job part.
 Knurling: It is a metal forming method that creates a regular cross-
hatched pattern. It is not a machining process. It does not involve any
cutting of the metal.
 Reaming operation: Reaming is the operation for sizing or finishing
a drilled hole to the required size by a tool called a reamer. This tool
is fitted on tail-stock.
 Spinning operation: In this operation, the job of this sheet metal is
held between the former and the tail-stock center rotates at high
speed with the former. The long round nose forming tool rigidly fixed
on a special tool post presses the job on the periphery of the former.
So, the job is taken exactly the shape of the former. This is a chipless
machining process.

Related Article:  How to Weld Cast Iron: A Complete Guide

Lathe Cutting Tools
A lathe is a machine that rotates the workpiece about an axis of rotation to
perform various operations such as turning, undercutting, knurling, drilling,
facing, boring, and cutting, with lathe cutting tools that are applied to the
workpiece to create an object with symmetry about that axis.

For general purpose work, the tool used is a single point tool, but for
special operations, multipoint tools may use. Watch the below-mentioned
video to get understand lathe machine operation.

In lathe machine work, different operations require different types of

lathe cutting tools, according to the process of using the lathe cutting tools.
which are as follow,

Types Of Lathe Cutting Tools

There is a wide range of lathe tools that can be classified according to
materials, structures and purposes or uses.
 Turning Tool: Turning tools are designed for removing the materials
from the stock, a rough turning tool is used to remove the maximum
amount of material and the finishing turning tool is serve for good
surface quality, just remove a small amount, to make the piece more
accurate.
 Boring Bar: A boring bar is required when you want to make an
existed hole bigger, a boring bar can easily bore into the hole that is
already drilled, and widen its diameter. It can enlarge the hole quickly
and process it in the proper size to fit other components correctly.
 Chamfering Tool: Chamfer is a transitional edge between two faces
of an object, also defined as a form of the bevel. The chamfering tool
is used to create a bevel or furrow on the part. A chamfer can be used
to smooth sharp or hazardous edges on a workpiece.
 Knurling Tool: Knurling tools are used to produce knurled lathe
parts, through creating or pressing a pattern onto a round section,
used as a grip for a handle, also usually created on fasteners like nuts.
A knurling tool is designed with a specific pattern.
 Parting Tool: A parting tool refers to a narrow-bladed tool used in
turning or planing or for cutting a piece in two, or defined as a tool
used for cutting off pieces from the main body of stock being
machined, it is manufactured in many forms.
 Thread Cutting Tool: Thread cutting tools are used to cut a thread
on the lathe part. In external thread cutting, the piece can be held in
a chuck or mounted between two centers, in internal thread cutting,
the part is held in a chuck, the tool moves across the part linearly,
taking chips off the workpiece with each pass.
 Facing Tool: A facing tool is used for facing operation on the lathe to
cut flat surface perpendicular to the piece’s rotational axis, the tool is
mounted into a tool holder that rests on the carriage of the lathe,
during the process, the facing tool will feed perpendicularly across
the rotational axis of the part.
 Grooving Tool: A grooving tool is usually a carbide insert mounted
in a special tool holder, it’s designed to an insert with multiple tips,
often ground to the dimensions and shape required for a particular
job, including cutting a slot and complete other work.
 Forming Tool: Forming tools are made flat or circular in shape when
used in the lathe. Simple forming tools have cutting edges ground to
the shape of the groove, undercut, or thread to be cut.
 Shoulder Turning Tool: A square shoulder is turned by a knife-edge
turning tool or facing tool. A beveled shoulder may be turned by a
straight turning tool having a side cutting edge angle and zero nose
radius. A filleted shoulder is turned by a straight turning tool with a
nose radius corresponding to the fillet radius of the work.
 Counterboring Tool: The counterboring operation can be performed
by an ordinary boring tool. The tool cutting edge is so ground that it
can leave a shoulder after turning. A counterbore having multiple
cutting edges is commonly used.
 Undercutting Tool: Undercutting or grooving tool has a point and
form of the cutting edge exactly similar to the form of the required
groove. Clearance angle is given at all the sides of the tool. For the
 recessing groove cutting edge, the longitudinal feed is employed. The
front clearance angle depends upon the bore of the work.

Related Article:  How to TIG Weld Magnesium : In 6 Easy Steps

FAQs.
What Are The Different Lathe Operations?
Types of Lathe Machine Operations:

 Turning Operation. Plain or Straight Turning. Rough Turning.

Shoulder Turning. Taper Turning. Eccentric Turning.
 Facing Operation.
 Chamfering Operation.
 Knurling Operation.
 Thread cutting Operation.
 Filing Operation.
 Polishing Operation.
 Grooving Operation.
What Are The Different Lathe Cutting Tools?
Different Types of Lathe Cutting Tools

 Turning Tool.
 Boring Bar.
 Chamfering Tool.
 Knurling Tool.
 Parting Tool.
 Thread Cutting Tool.
 Facing Tool.
 Grooving Tool.
What Are The Tools Used In Lathes Called?
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. A tool bit is a non-
rotary cutting tool used in metal lathes, shapers, and planers. Such cutters
are also often referred to by the set-phrase name of single-point cutting
tool, as distinguished from other cutting tools such as a saw or water jet
cutter.

What Is A Lathe Tool?

A lathe is a machining tool that is used primarily for shaping metal or wood.
It works by rotating the workpiece around a stationary cutting tool. The
main use is to remove unwanted parts of the material, leaving behind a
nicely shaped workpiece.

Which Tool Is Used For Turning On Lathe?

Lathe Tool Bit HSS High-Speed Steel Square Lathe Tool Bit T42 10% Cobalt
3/8″ x 3″ (9.53 mm x 76.2 mm) IT Indian Tool Mfrs – Pack Of 1 Piece – Used
for Turning, Boring.

What Are The 7 Basic Types Of Machine Tools?

They retain the basic characteristics of their 19th- and early 20th-century
ancestors and are still classed as one of the following: (1) turning machines
(lathes and boring mills), (2) shapers and planers, (3) drilling machines, (4)
milling machines, (5) grinding machines, (6) power saws, and (7) presses.

What Materials Are Lathe Tools Made From?

A wide variety of materials can be cut on a lathe from metals, such as brass,
stainless steel and copper, through to more complex materials, including
superalloys, such as Inconel. In recent years, composites, such as carbon
fiber, often used in the manufacture of aerospace components, have also
become more popular.

How Many Tools Are There In A Lathe Machine?

13 Different Types of Lathes Tools.

How Do You Make A Lathe Tool?

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What Are The 4 Classifications Of Tools?
The basic types of tools are Cutting tools, measuring tools, holding tools,
Electrical equipment, Driving tools, and miscellaneous tools.

What Are Machine Tools Used For?

A machine tool is a machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid
materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of
deformations. Machine tools employ some sort of tool that does the
cutting or shaping.

What Is Tools Equipment And Materials?

The key difference between equipment and materials is that materials form
the actual product and are the parts, components, ingredients and raw
materials that become a part of the product whereas equipment refers to
the tools, machinery, devices that help create the product.

Related Article:  What Is Forging?- Definition, Process, And Types

What Is The Example Of Tools?

Some examples of tools that are often used today are the hammer, the
wrench (also called a spanner), saws, shovel, telephone, and the computer.
Very basic things like knives, pens, and pencils are also tools.

What Are Material Tools?

Cutting tool materials are materials that are used to make cutting tools
which are used in machining (drill bits, tool bits, milling cutters, etc.) but no
other cutting tools like knives or punches. Cutting tool materials must be
harder than the material of the workpiece, even at high temperatures
during the process.

Which Machine Tool Is Known As The Mother

Machine Tool?
Known as the mother of all machine tools, the lathe was the first machine
tool that led to the invention of other machine tools. It is used to perform
turning operations in which unwanted material is removed from a
workpiece rotated against a cutting tool.

What Is The Most Common Cutting Tool For The

Lathe?
The types of cutting tools we’ll focus here is on milling and lathe cutting
tools, including end mills, drills, and taps. End Mills are the most common
cutting tools for CNC and manual mills and are generally used for
machining the sides and faces of a workpiece.

What Metal Lathe Tools Do What?

A lathe is a machining tool that can rotate metal or wood to the desired
shape. It uses stationary lathe cutting tools to perform several operations,
such as turning, undercutting, knurling, drilling, facing, boring, and cutting.

What Is Facing In Operation?

Facing is the process of removing material from the end and/or shoulder of
a workpiece, using a special tool to produce a smooth surface
perpendicular to the rotational axis of the workpiece.

Why Is Facing Operation Done?

The purpose of facing is: To provide a true, flat surface, square with the axis
of the workpieces. To provide an accurate surface from which to take
measurements. To cut the workpieces to the required length.
What Is The Difference Between Turning And
Facing Operation In A Lathe Machine?
In the turning operation, the tool generally reduces the diameter of the
cylindrical workpiece, which can be done by cutting into the part for some
depth and moving the tool parallel to the axis of the part. While facing
operation reduces the length of the piece, the tool is moved perpendicular
to the axis of the part.

What Is Facing And Grooving On Lathe

Machine?
There are two types of grooving operations, external and face grooving. In
external grooving, a tool moves radially into the side of the workpiece and
removes the material along the cutting direction. In face grooving, the tool
machines groove in the face of the workpiece.

What Is True About-Facing Operation In Lathe?

Explanation: Flat surface is produced in facing operation as per the
definition. In facing operation, metal is removed by the tool from the end of
the metal and flat surface is produced. 10. Traversing of tools at any angle
to the job axis produces curve surfaces.

Read Also

 What are the Parts of Lathe Machine?

 What is a lathe machine and its types?
 What is Capstan And Turret Lathe, and their Difference?
 What is a Slotting Machine and its Parts?
Related
What is A Lathe?- Definition, Types, and Operations
December 12, 2020
In "Manufacturing"

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