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Use Interaction Diagram

 Note; for using the interaction diagrams, we needs

1. 𝛾 = where h : is the dimension in the direction of eccentricity
2. (or the length normal to the moment axis)

3. 𝜌 = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒; 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

4. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐾 = . .

5. 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑅 = 𝑅 =𝐾 . since 𝑀 = 𝑃 . 𝑒

. .

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Example; for the column shown in fig. determine the axial load (pn)and the
moment (Mn) , Fc’ =28Mpa, Fy=400Mpa.
A) When e=ex=250mm
B) when e=ey=250mm

A. When e=ex=250mm
 The moment about y-axis h=500mm
×
1. 𝛾 = = = 0.76

2. = = 0.5
× .
3. 𝜌 = =
×
= 0.0164
From curves
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝛾 = 0.7 𝐾 = 0.36
By interpolation Kn=0.372
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝛾 = 0.8 𝐾 = 0.38
4. 𝐾 = . . 𝑃 = 0.372 × 30 × 300 × 500 × 10 = 1674𝐾𝑁
5. 𝑀 = 𝑃 . 𝑒 = 1674 × 0.25 = 418.5𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

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B. When e=ey=250mm
 The moment about x-axis h=300mm
×
1. 𝛾 = = = 0.6

2. = = 0.83
× .
3. 𝜌 = =
×
= 0.0164
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝛾 = 0.6 𝐾 = 0.16

4. 𝐾 = . . 𝑃 = 0.16 × 30 × 300 × 500 × 10 = 720𝐾𝑁

5. 𝑀 = 𝑃 . 𝑒 = 720 × 0.25 = 180𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

Design of Columns By using Interaction Diagram;

1. The first case; Dimension of column are Known, but the steel reinforcement
area is unknown.
 Steps;
×
a) Assume 𝑑 → 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝛾=

b) Calculate 𝑒 =
c) Calculate 𝐾 = ∅ .

d) Calculate 𝑅 = 𝑘 ×
e) From intersection between 𝐾 &𝑅 (or 𝑘 & ) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝜌 → (0.01 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 0.08)
f) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌 × 𝐴
‫𝜌 اكبر من الحدود المسموحة نغير ابعاد المقطع ﻻنها غير كافية‬ ‫ اذا كانت‬

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2. The second case; the dimension of column are unknown and the steel
reinforcement area is unknown.
 Steps;
a) Assume 𝜌 0.01 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 0.08
b) Assume ℎ&𝑑 → 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝛾
c) Calculate 𝑒 = → 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑

d) From intersection between &𝜌 → 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑘𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑔 =

∅. .
e) Find b
f) Find 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌 . 𝐴

Example; design the column shown in figure, if the ultimate axial load
(pu=4000KN) and the ultimate bending moment (Mu=220KN.m), Fc’=30Mpa,
Fy=400Mpa

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 Solution
×
𝛾= = 0.75

𝑒= = 55𝑚𝑚 = = 0.1 ∅ = 0.65

×
𝐾𝑛 = = = 0.93
∅ . . × × ×
𝛾 = 0.7 → 𝜌 = 0.023 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝛾 = 0.75
𝛾 = 0.8 → 𝜌 = 0.021 → 𝜌 = 0.022
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌 . 𝐴 = 0.022 × 550 × 400 = 4840𝑚𝑚
use 8Ø28mm , 4 bars for each face
 Design ties;
48 × 10 = 480𝑚𝑚
use Ø10mm 𝑠 16 × 28 = 448𝑚𝑚
400𝑚𝑚
use Ø10@400mm c/c

Example; Design a rectangular section for the column that is carrying

Pu=2200KN and Mu=660K?N.m, Fc’=30Mpa, Fy=400Mpa.

 Solution;
×
Assume h=600mm, d’=75mm, 𝛾 = = 0.75

𝑒= = 300𝑚𝑚 = 0.5
Assume 𝜌 = 0.03
𝛾 = 0.7 → 𝑘 = 0.46
→ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝛾 = 0.75 → 𝐾 = 0.48
𝛾 = 0.8 → 𝐾 = 0.5
×
𝑘 = →𝑏= = 392𝑚𝑚 use b = 400mm
∅ . . . × × . ×
Type equation here.
 𝐴𝑠 = 0.03 × 400 × 600 = 7200𝑚𝑚

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 Use 8∅36 → 𝐴𝑠 = 8143 > 7200

 4 bars for each face
 For ties:

48 × 10 = 480𝑚𝑚
use Ø10mm 𝑠 16 × 36 = 576𝑚𝑚
400𝑚𝑚
use Ø10@400mm c/c

Example; Design a circular column with diameter (400mm), if Pu=2800KN,

and Mu=135KN.m, Fc’=30Mpa, Fy=400Mpa,d’=60mm

 Solution
×
𝑒= = = 48𝑚𝑚 = = = 0.12 𝛾= = 0.7
×
𝑘 = = = 1.061 → 𝜌 = 0.045
∅ . . × ×

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝜌 . 𝐴𝑔 = 0.045 × × 400 = 5655𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12∅25

 Design of spiral; use Ø10mm
𝑑𝑐 = 400 − 120 + 20 + 25 = 325𝑚𝑚
𝜌 = 0.45 −1 = 𝜌 = 0.45 −1 = 0.01737
×
𝜌 = →𝑠= = = 56𝑚𝑚 25 < 𝑆 < 75 use S=50mm
. . . ×