Wearable Technology in Healthcare - Maxim Integrated

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Reference Designs Can Wearable Health Technology Pinpoint Disease O

Design Tools And Models July 14, 2020
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By: Ian Chen
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Executive Director, Industrial & Healthcare Business Unit, Maxim Integrated
Cross-Reference Search
Partners And Technology Amidst a global pandemic, innovators and designers are showing ever greater interest in using non-intrusive health-monitoring devices. In
explored the implementation considerations for optical biosensors and commented on the reliability of sensor data. Illustrating the concepts
Mgineer Blog
previously, this post provides an account of our team's challenges and accomplishments in creating a longitudinal health monitor. Our subje
Understand When And Why calves and we monitored them against the onset of bovine respiratory disease (BRD).
System Reliability Matters
An Overview of Bovine Respiratory Disease
How Signal-Chain ICs Form
BRD is one of the costliest diseases to the livestock industry. It is also one of the most extensively studied, with efforts starting in the late 1
Foundation For Smart-Grid
today. Considering the U.S. feedlot industry alone, annual losses attributable to BRD add up to US$1 billion.1
Equipment
BRD refers to a disease complex which results in respiratory infections in cattle. It is particularly difficult to control because it can be cause
Can Wearable Health
pathogens. Pathogenesis involves many factors including stress and possible viral or parasitic infections that suppress the host's immune s
Technology Pinpoint
bacteria to rapidly reproduce in the upper respiratory tract.
Disease Onset?
Livestock operators suffer losses in multiple ways from BRD. First, there is the cost of treating sick animals, some of which require more th
How To Get 20% More
medication. Second, animals in a feedlot are supposed to gain the maximum amount of weight possible, four pounds per day. When a sick
Battery Life For Your
weight at that pace, that missed opportunity to gain weight is a permanent loss in productivity. Third, caring for sick animals increases labo
Wearables And IoT Designs
animals never recover from BRD. BRD is a major contributor to mortality among calves in U.S. feedlots.
Is Your Wearable Equipped
Cattle in U.S. feedlots is a small fraction of the bovine population worldwide. American ranchers harvest nearly 300 million calves each yea
To Support Remote Patient
potentially be victims of BRD. Because the causes for BRD onset is multifactorial, the cattle industry has not been able to reduce the dama
Monitoring?
despite decades of research and improvements in animal welfare.
Biosensors Detect Sleep
Apnea Via Wearable, Monitoring Vital Signs of Cattle
Home-Based Test To improve animal welfare and to reduce costs associated with animal mortality and morbidity, the industry has paid significant attention to
detection. Conventionally, the industry depends on experienced pen-riders who may notice changes in specific animals' behavior and, cons
Tips To Achieve Faster
temperatures. If an animal's core temperature is above 40.5 °C (104.9°F), it is deemed sick with BRD. There is much room for improvemen
Design Of USB-C Power
Solutions First, using a rigid temperature threshold to diagnose BRD ignores the reality that each animal has different nominal core temperatures. 40
Wearable Flags Health average feverish temperature over a large herd of cattle. Some of them have core temperatures that are naturally lower than the average a
Changes In Seniors Via experiencing a fever even when their core temperature is below the threshold. This is the same principle that guides the understanding tha
Biosensors And Predictive personalized health monitoring results in better healthcare for human patients.
Analytics
Second, although most feedlot operators are confident of their pen-riders' abilities, researchers report a majority of harvested cattle examin
Simplify Your PLC Design their lungs, i.e. had suffered (and recovered) from serious respiratory illnesses, even though most were never treated for BRD. In truth, an
With A Digital I/O IC can expect to take care of 8,000 to 12,000 heads of cattle per day. Consequently, each possibly sick animal could command fewer than tw
attention. Furthermore, because of the labor cost required to handle and test a possibly sick animal, riders are trained to err on false negat
Here’s An Easier Way To
worse, the labor pool of pen-riders is aging with fewer experienced hands who could make accurate snap judgments.2 All these factors pro
Keep Your IoT Devices
arguments for the creation of an automated early onset detection system for BRD.
Safe From Hackers
Because a fixed core temperature threshold, 40.5°C, has been the gold standard for diagnosing BRD, there have been a lot of attempts to
Buck Vs. Boost Converters:
on a head of each cow. These attempts include measuring rumen telemetry temperature using an ingested bolus, measuring air temperatu
How Do They Compare
the temperature of the tympanic membrane, measuring skin temperature, and applying thermal imaging to estimate ocular temperature. Th
Power Up Internal Circuits either suffer from very low data reliability or prove to be incompatible with workflow at the feedlot (more on this in the next section).
While Simplifying
Diagnostics For Signal Veterinary medicine researchers investigating other onset symptoms of BRD incidentally reported on SpO2 measured from cattle at differen
Monitoring Applications data showed declining average value as the disease became more severe.3 Since BRD is a respiratory disease, it makes sense that SpO2
respiratory infection compromises oxygen intake. Indeed, experts in the field that we've consulted with agree that SpO2 should be a valuab
Why Hardware-Based However, it also becomes clear that there hasn't been tracking of SpO2 values in a cow through a course of BRD infection to help us under
Cryptography Offers sign may change and whether it is a leading or lagging indicator.
Stronger IoT Design
Protection Use Case and Workflow: Bovine Health Monitoring
High-Speed Serial Links Attaching health monitors to a herd of cattle must conform with the workflow in a feedlot. Working with industry experts, our team quickly le
For High-Performance
ADAS Solutions
https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/design/blog/can-wearable-health-technology-pinpoint-disease-onset.html 1/20
1. Ear tags are attached to cattle when they are put in a chute. Corralling animals to put them through a chute is labor intensive and is
Crafty Engineers Create
times throughout the entire stay of an animal's time at a feedlot—notably during intake and when animals are sorted prior to harvest
COVID-19 Monitoring
2. Pen-riders check on the animals once a day on average. Animals could receive some attention during feeding, but the process is se
Devices With Arduino
feedlots.
Boards And Maxim ICs
3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations require alien objects, such as a temperature-measuring bolus in the stomach
Download App For the animal carcass so as not to accidentally contaminate our food supply. However, the head, including the ears, is not considered
Essential Analog IC discarded after slaughter. Indeed, ear tags are already used for identifying and tracing feedlot animals. An animal is tagged as part
Information On-The-Go at the feedlot, and the tag remains on the animal until its harvest.
4. BRD is most prevalent in young calves immediately after they are transported to the feedlot. This is so common that BRD is also
Get More System Power
Once an animal is acclimated to its feedlot, the risk of BRD decreases significantly. However, the value of health monitoring does no
Protection For Less
as mortality cost of an animal increases over time. Most significantly, the industry is keenly interested not just in monitoring anima
When Smarter Gets monitoring their overall health and welfare.
Smaller, Only A Dual-Core
Micro Will Do Concept: Smart Livestock System
Given the established workflow at feedlots, a smart livestock system (see Figure 1) could assist pen-riders by alerting them of animals who
Two Beautiful Ways To
has dropped below the longitudinal norm of that specific animal. The system would consist of an ear tag equipped with SpO2 and other sen
Measure Temperature
wearable fitness devices, ear tags are permanently installed on cattle, so each would monitor approximately the same location on an anim
Understand And Address against data variations associated with how a device is worn from day to day. Even so, we speculate that data could vary as a calf grows a
Threats To Cryptographic hair changes, but we surmise that such variations are slow and could be tracked with an intelligent baseline algorithm.
Systems
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Figure 1. Diagram of a smart livestock monitoring system.
With A Fast, Accurate
Battery Management The ear tag (Figure 2) would collect sensor data and local processing would extract biomarkers including SpO2. A low-power radio, such a
System LoRa, would transmit these biomarkers to a base station which could conveniently be housed in the office of a feedlot or installed on feed d
Simplify Vehicle Head Unit Algorithms in the cloud could then process the biomarker data, maintain a longitudinal record for each animal and send an alert when the b
Design With Maxim’s Radio markedly from the norm. Biomarker data are only needed to generate at most one assessment per day, so the ear tag could run for a long
Tuner Solution battery.
Moving Toward Value-

Based Healthcare Using
Wearables And Patient-
Generated Data
A Smarter Way To Design

Touchscreens
Want To Avoid
Counterfeiting?
Ultra-Small Wearable
Healthcare Design Platform
Vision Realized In
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LED Headlamps
Figure 2. Ear tag affixed on cow.

Embedded World 2017
Engineering Is For Incidentally, animal hair is not a significant problem for optical biosensing. Hair, like tissue, is a form of protein and is readily penetrated by
Dummies In fact, in young calves weighing at least 300 to 400 pounds, we obtained better perfusion indices in our PPG signals from a calf's ear tag t
watches on smaller humans.
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20.8 Billion Connected Figure 3. PPG data collected from cow ear tag.
Things Into The World
Wearable Prototypes to Test Feasibility
Reference Designs Go
For our examination, we created an ear tag modelled after commercial tags used on cattle. The tag includes an optical PPG using a MAX8
Beyond The IC, Become
end with red and infrared LEDs. Because optical SpO2 measurements are vulnerable to motion artifacts, we included an accelerometer so
Complete Systems
motion and reject any PPG data captured when the tag is moving.
Industry 4.0 Is Coming On
Since the goal of our feasibility study was to find a workable algorithm for cattle monitoring, we set our PPG to sample at 100sps. Bovine h
Strong, And Analog
below 84bpm, which is not much different from the human heart rate. We selected a higher-than-necessary sampling rate to be sure that w
Integration Is A Major
order harmonics of PPG waveforms. We stored all the raw data from the PPG and accelerometer on flash memory on the tag and recovere
Beneficiary
experiments for batch processing. This approach avoids any complexity of data loss from wireless transmission. Clearly, in any production
Putting The Power Of would have to run our algorithm on the ear tag and only transmit a small payload of biomarker data.
Industry 4.0 In Your Pocket
Trying to balance between operating life and the weight of the ear tag, we used a 1000mAh battery. To minimize power consumption, we d
Battery Fuel Gauge ICs Do LED in the PPG since we could get heart rate information, though suboptimal, from red or infrared channels just as well. We were able to r
More about 10 days using our data acquisition scheme (see below).
Reference Designs: Game
Ground Truth—and Its Difficulties
Changers For Complex
Projects It is important when creating a sensor to have a reference, or ground truth. However, getting ground truth of SpO2 on cattle is difficult. Puls
designed to be used by stationary patients in clinical settings, and readings are generally taken as snapshots and not continuously. Undau
Why Hackers Can’t Wait To pulse-oximeter measurements and drew blood from a handful of anesthetized heifers to correlate their blood-oxygen content with our sens
Get Into Your New Car
We took readings using a few different clinical-grade pulse oximeters with the goal of calibrating our ear tag sensors to a reference. While t
Your Home Might Be
readings agreed with each other when oxygen concentration was high, when the blood-oxygen level dropped near around 90%, their resul
Smarter—But How Secure
disagreed with each other. Even examining arterial blood for oxygen concentration was prone to human error, resulting in significant repeat
Is It From Hackers?
attempt to establish ground truth was a bust.
What’s Your Favorite IoT
Stepping back, we realized our objective was to detect the onset of BRD, while a drop of BRD was merely the symptom we were tracking.
Platform? Vote Today!
when an animal gets infected, using a controlled disease challenge study, there are established procedures to determine when a challenge
Achieving Fast, Accurate without having to know the animal's blood-oxygen level.
Fault Detection On Smart
Electricity Grid Experiments
We worked closely with researchers at Texas A&M University AgriLife Extension on a series of experiments. Through a series of design ch
Fitness/Wellness
experimented with different distances between the LEDs and the photodetector in our sensor design to improve perfusion indices for red a
Wearables Reference
also worked to improve the tissue-to-optical-sensor coupling by testing a series of mechanical ear tag designs, which we produced on a 3D
Design Saves Development
printed materials proved to be fragile, and our ear tag assemblies often did not stand up to the rough treatment of prolonged wear by our c
Time And Effort
plagued our experiments, but we believe it could be easily remedied by moving away from using 3D printing. Nevertheless, 3D printing was
Simplifying Design Of Pulse means by which we could change our mechanical design so we could learn and improve faster.
Rate/Blood-Oxygen
Wearables The AgriLife team led us to design a BRD challenge experiment following well-known industry protocol4. The protocol set up two groups of
control and the other to be challenged. The challenged animals were inoculated with Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (BHV-1) and three days later g
haemolytica (MH) using broncho-selective endoscopy. The controlled animals were treated with phosphate-buffered saline solutions follow
Don’t Design The Next identical procedures. Both groups were monitored on rumen temperature and feeding behavior and were visually evaluated for clinical sign
Useless IoT Gadget daily monitors, especially any rumen hyperthermia event (upward temperature spike), served to give us the ground truth of BRD onset. For
also took arterial and venal blood samples from the animals' ears a few times over the course of the experiment.
Exactly What The Doctor
Ordered: Cars That Monitor We monitored SpO2 levels compared to a baseline when the animal was known to be healthy. We could simply use R as our biomarker, wh
Their Own Health And
SpO2 ≈ a0 + a1R + a2R2
Yours
Reducing Component In fact, for small deviations around a norm, the relationship between SpO2 and R is roughly linear: the constant a1 is a negative number. So
Count In Factory R increases.
Automation Applications We took time to establish baselines for our references, rumen temperature, and feeding behavior for each animal. One day before we adm
Maxim Highlights Auto, installed our ear tags. The ear tags collected 40 seconds of PPG and accelerometer data every 40 minutes from 9p.m. to 6a.m. each day u
Wearable Healthcare Tech removed or dislodged. The entire process was handled by the AgriLife team.
At CES
Results
Cut 6 Months Off Health Many ear tags proved too fragile to withstand the rough treatment by the animals. Consequently, a significant portion of the sensors were d
Application Design Cycle to provide useful data. Among the recovered data, both R (Figure 4a) and arterial blood-oxygen level (Figure 4b), SaO2, showed a small d
Future Engineers Make norm following the MH challenge. The magnitude of the change is about 50% larger than the normal daily fluctuation of the biomarker (con
With Maxim At Yale’s It is notable that over the experiment period, we experienced two significant thunderstorms and the average nightly temperature changed b
YHack Hackathon changes in environmental conditions did not affect our biomarker.
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Figures 4a/4b: Experimental results from cow ear tag monitors, showing aggregated data (4a) and arterial SO2 (4b).
Who Is NanoMan?
Observations and Next Steps
Why Now Is The Time To
Consider Wired Interface The experiment showed that R, and by inference SpO2, is a measurable but weak indicator for the onset of BRD. Physiologically, an anima
Solutions oxygen deficiency any way it can. So if respiratory function is affected during BRD onset, the animal would increase respiratory rate and he
blood-oxygen levels from degrading badly. Only as the disease progresses, and its lung becomes further damaged, would these coping me
Get To Market Quickly With up and blood-oxygen level drop precipitously. As such, measuring rumen temperature via a bolus or monitoring feeding behavior with Grow
Your Secure Wearable provided a much stronger signal for the BRD challenge study. Unfortunately, neither monitoring system fits with the beef production workflo
Health Designs
Attempts at creating an automated system to monitor animal wellness continue. There are some natural follow-ups to our feasibility study.
Why Powerline
Communications Is Great 1. Combine SpO2 (or R) with another biomarker. Using a single biomarker for BRD detection is vulnerable to false triggers
For Noisy Industrial from R is not pronounced, it may be less affected by environmental changes. So combining R with other biomarkers suc
Environments activity may provide more robust predictions.
2. Qualifying SpO2 (or R) with resting heart rate. The optical sensors on our ear tags also provide heart rate of the animal.
How Factory Automation
heart rate should increase as an animal compensates for its compromised respiratory functions. We will have to modify our d
Can Support Reshoring
to capture accelerometer data long before turning on our optical sensors so we could identify resting heart rate.
Don’t Become The Next 3. Improve motion artifact mitigation. Since a cow's ears move continuously, we can still improve our R biomarker detec
Hacking Headline expected motion artifacts.
One Smart Design: Low IQ 4. Study over a much larger population. Each animal reacts to diseases differently. We need data from a much larger popula
Boost Converter breeds, in different climates, at different altitudes to validate any health-monitoring approaches to accommodate the variations
5. Natural BRD onset vs. challenge. BRD occurring in nature does not follow the pattern of a controlled disease cha
A Look At The Future Of algorithms developed using a series of challenge studies may not be as effective in a production feedlot setting.
Wearable Healthcare
Design This study benefited from experts in a multitude of disciplines including animal science, veterinary medicine, bioengineering, optical design
algorithms, as well as the dedication of our applications staff. In an era that touts advances of using Big Data, we find that animal scientists
Camera Interfaces Critical
often lack existing data pertaining to our use case. In our situation, the lack of data could be attributed to the fact that sensors that could co
To ADAS System Design
SpO2 measurements consistently on live animals did not exist. Such sensors were not developed because, until this diverse group of expe
Reduce Calibration Costs together, engineers were not aware of any potential use cases.
For Industrial Process
Nevertheless, researchers remain interested in remote and noninvasive methods to assess animal health and welfare, working to detect no
Control
issues such as bloat and stress. Understanding how to monitor an individual animal's wellness helps us learn how personalized healthcare
Making Smart Energy Even implemented reliably for human patients. Biosensors will continue to play expanded roles. Exciting times are ahead!
Smarter Via NanoPower
Technology Sources
1Bacterial Pathogens of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
We Love Startups! Let Us 2https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268154447_The_Modern_Feedlot_for_Finishing_Cattle
Help You Prototype Quickly 3Blood Gases, Acid-Base Status and Plasma Lactate Concentrations in Calves with Respiratory Diseases
4Effect of Mannheimia Haemolytica Pneumonia on Behavior and Physiologic Responses of Calves During High Ambient Environme
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Power Rail Clusters In
Small Electronic Devices
Engineers Had Better Be

Careful With Algorithms
And AI
Makers Make The Most Of

Analog ICs
Get Inspired To Think Big

And Design Small
How LED Backlight Drivers

Enable Bigger, Higher
Resolution Automotive
Displays
How IoT Sensors Help

Ensure Freshness And
Quality Of Perishables
Fish Tanks Don’t Need

Security—Unless They’re
Part Of The IoT
How Manufacturing
Systems Can Evolve To
Enable The Industrial IoT
Committed To A Smarter,
More Sustainable Future
Squeeze More Out Of Your

Portable Electronics
Cook Up Something
Yummy For Pi Day
Happy Birthday, James Kirk
Using Optical Sensors To

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You Be The Judge Of

Creative Student Inventors
Maxim Is Going To The

Dogs In 2020
Designing For USB-C Just

Got Easier
Tiny, Power-Efficient IO-

Link Transceiver For IIoT
Designs
How Ceramic Voltage

References Enhance Long-
Term Drift Performance
What’s Needed To
Implement Today’s
Industrial IoT Architecture
How Security Supervisors

Safeguard IoT Devices
On-Demand Webinar: Your

FPGA Design Starts With
The Right Power Supply
Tips For Choosing Precise,

Power-Efficient GNSS
Receivers For Location-

Based Applications
Digital Instrument Clusters:

Why Functional Safety Is
Important
Channel Your Engineering

Ingenuity For Star Wars
Day
How Will The Industrial IoT

Architecture Evolve
New Power Management

Design Guides For Smart
Buildings And Smart
Factories
Get Better Performance

From Your ADAS Camera
Systems
How To Save Time And

Space With Power Supply
Designs
Reference Designs:
Designed, Built, And Tested
—So You Won’t Have To
Understand How Physically

Unclonable Function
Technology Can Benefit
Your Design
Meet Vehicle Emissions

Standards With Supervisory
And Watchdog-Timer ICs
How To Derive More

System Efficiency From
Battery-Powered Designs
Higher Throughput At
Lower Cost For
Semiconductor Testing
Want To Protect Your USB

Port Without Slowing It
Down?
Sensors Expo: See

Wearable Healthcare
Technologies In Action
4 Reasons To Register For

A Free Design Startup Pack
How To Efficiently Power

Tiny Industrial Sensors
Don’t Go Breaking Your

Heart To Add ECG To Your
Wearable
What You Need To Know

About Battery Management
Challenges
System Loads Are No

Match For This Current-
Sense Amplifier
Power Conversion
Efficiency For Portable
Designs
Why Authenticators
SHOULD Be THE Key To
Your Smart Lock
Can Wearables Get People

Off The Couch
How Dynamic Voltage

Scaling Saves Power In
Wearables
Can Wearables Reduce

Healthcare Costs?
How To Get Louder, Richer

Sound From Micro
Speakers
When Is A Digital Output

Not Just A Digital Output?
When It’s Also A Digital
Input!
3 Reasons To Use A
Discrete Real-Time Clock In
Your Wearable Design
How Secure Authenticators

Prevent Counterfeiting Of
Medical Disposables
How To Minimize Power In

Clocking Applications
Are Sensor Clones Stealing

Away Your Customers?
Maxim Summer Interns

Showcase Their Technical
Talents
What’s Driving Industry 4.0?
Breakout Boards Give You

A Head Start On Your
Design
RS-485 Just Got A Major

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Why Shrinking Sizes Of

RTCs Is Good News For
Your Portable Designs
The Ins And Outs Of

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See If You Can Steal These

Keys
How Power Management

ICs Support Smart
Buildings
How Analog ICs Fuel

Wireless IoT Sensors
Drive HB LEDs To Brighter

Heights For Automotive
Applications And More
NanoPower Technology
Translates Into Happy
Users
Smartphone For Seniors

Gets Smarter With Health
Monitoring
Deliver Accurate Battery

SOC Data From Your
Wireless Android
Headphones
Like A Good Wine, These

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ICs Get Better Over Time
5 Ways A MyMaxim
Account Enhances
Productivity
Simple Yet Effective –

Never Underestimate The
Usefulness Of The Humble
Comparator!
Look Ma, The Battery Has

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How To Safely
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When Using Switching
Inductive Loads
Are Your Car Battery Packs

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How An Old Digital Dog

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CCCamp Badge Is More

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A Sensor-Rich Reference
Design
5 Ways A MyMaximAir
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These Electronic
Instruments Account
Enhances Productivity
Stress Your Power Supply,

Not Yourself
How To Drive Micro

Speakers To Their
Maximum Power Rating
How To Get Accurate In-Ear

Heart-Rate And SpO2
Monitoring
Scare Up Some Electronic

Tricks And Treats This
Halloween
How Wearables Can

Become A More Integral
Part Of Healthcare
Why Long Battery Life Is

The Lifeblood Of Thread
IoT Sensors
Keep Perishables Safe With

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Monitoring
Ask Michael: How Do I

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Sensor IO-Link
Compatible?
PUI Audio Delivers Clean,

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Speakers
How Analog ICs Support

Seismic Signal Detection
Reference Designs With

ECAD Files Mean Faster
Circuit Design
How GSEE-TECH Cut 6

Months From Analog Input
Module Development Cycle
3 Ways An Integrated Bio-

Algorithm Sensor Hub
Simplifies Wearable
Designs
Intelligent Buildings Get

Smarter And Smarter
Why New ICs Are Needed

To Bring Intelligence To The
Edge
Learn How You Can Design

A Power Supply In 5
Minutes
Ask Michael: Swipe Right

For The Isolated Gate
Driver That’s A Perfect
Match For GaN/SiC
Switches
Experience Wireless
Battery Management At
CES 2020
Can Wearables Help

Prevent The Silent Killer?
Holiday Gift-Giving Guide: 5

Hot Tech Gadgets For
Engineers
Simplify System Power

Design For Your Automotive
Displays
Add Diode ORing Without

Losing Efficiency
Function-Rich Diving
Computer Fueled By
Analog And Power
Management ICs
Getting To Reliable Sensor

Data: Interaction Between
Electronics, Optics, And
Mechanical Design
Calterah Semiconductor
Delivers High-Performance,
Power-Efficient MmWave
Radar Tech
Your Guide To The

Advantages Of Pack-Side
Fuel Gauging
How To Extend The Life Of

Your Smart Factory’s
Wireless Beacons
Uber Driverless Cars, AI

And IoT At CES 2020
Power Up Internal Circuits

While Simplifying
Diagnostics For Signal
Monitoring Applications
Digital Input Design
Location-Tracking Chip IoT

Designs
See How Click Boards

Make It Quick To Evaluate
Real Time Clock ICs
Multichannel ADC Accuracy

For Accurate Sensing
Future Of Industrial
Automation Demos At
Embedded World
Complete Wrist-Based
Heart-Rate SpO2 Sensor
Reference Design
How To Create Accurate

Performance-Tracking
Sports Wearables
Robust NAND Flash Wafer

Testers Rely On Low-Power
ATE Drivers
Quickly Simulate DC-DC

Converters With SIMPLIS-
Based Tool
Tips For Achieving Efficient

AC Motor Drive System
Design
Guide To LiDAR Sensors

For Self-Driving Cars
Analog PAM4 Chipset In

Hyperscale Data Centers
Are Biometric Sensors The

Key To Healthier Horses…
And Humans?
Keep Hackers’ Hands Off

Your Battery Packs
Psst…This Fitness
Wearable Tells You Your
Body’s Secrets
ASIL-Grade Camera Power

Protector Safeguards Your
Car Cameras
CES 2020: The Power

Behind Robotics
Is Pulse Transit Time

Needed For Accurate
Blood-Pressure Monitoring
From Wearables?
Need To Design Small,

Reliable Earbuds In A
Hurry? Sometimes It Pays
To Play It Cool…
MediaTek Taps Into GMSL

SerDes Technology For
Automotive Infotainment
Solution
How Analog Devices Are

Enhancing LUXROBO’s IoT
And Robotics Development
Platform
Say “No More” To Tedious

Calculations For E Series
Values
How Secure Authentication

Protects Your Automotive
Designs From
Counterfeiting
How NCATEST Raised

Performance And Lowered
Power Of Its Automated
Test Equipment
Ensuring Employee Safety

During An Unprecedented
Time
How LiDAR Delivers Critical

Distance-Sensing For Self-
Driving Cars
Why Does It Take A

Pandemic To Realize The
Value Of Remote Patient
Monitoring?
What’s In
Photoplethysmography
Data? A Look At The
Interaction Between Sensor
Performance And
Algorithms
Charging Your Car’s Battery

– In 1898
Prioritizing Customer Focus

To Save Lives
How Capacitors Provide A

Window Into The Real
Value Of A Battery
What’s All The Fuss About

Cryptography?
Safeguard Smart Medical

Devices For Enhanced
Patient Safety
Making A Difference In The

Global Fight Against
COVID-19
How IButton Devices

Facilitate Electric Car
Safety
How A Small Schottky

Diode Minimizes Noise In
Synchronous Converters
Understand The Multiphase

Buck Voltage Regulator
Advantage
Answering The Call To Help

Maxim Integrated
Customers Innovate In Our
New World
Philips RDT Relies On RTC

To Keep Remote Patient
Monitoring Device On
Schedule
Philips RDT Relies On RTC

To Keep Remote Patient
Monitoring Device On
Schedule
The Keys To How Modern

Cryptography Keeps
Transactions Safe
HollySys Creates Small,

Efficient Industrial
Automation Solutions
How Cryptographic
Algorithms Protect
Embedded Designs
Virtual Sensors Show

Brings Latest Technologies
To You
How Performance At The

Edge Drives Smarter
Manufacturing
Don’t Get Cold Feet From

Your ASIL B And Cold-
Crank Specifications
How Soundmatters Is
Making Small, Portable
Speakers Sound Better
How Miromico Designed

The Industry’s Smallest
LoRaWAN Module For The
IoT
What Makes PUF

Technology One Of The
Best Protections In
Cryptography?
Extend The Battery Life Of

Your Vehicle Tracker/Asset
Tracker/IoT Device 10-Fold
With Maxim’s Ultra-Low
Power GPS Solution
What Makes Cryptography

Easier? Secure
Authenticators And
Coprocessors
How Being Bold Brings

Smart Automation Solutions
The Dawn Of The Self-

Aware Machine
On The Go Vital Monitoring

And Gaming Platform
Can We Find Common

Ground On Common Mode
Range?
Slash Power Dissipation

With Maxim’s Industrial
Protected Low-Side Digital
Output Solution
Assistant Excellence
Conference - It Takes Two
Two Tools To Ease Inductor

Selection
More NanoPower
Technology™ Tools For
Your Toolkit
The Smallest Arm Cortex-

M4 Microcontroller In The
World
No-Opto Isolated DC-DC

Flybacks For Smart
Factories And Building
Automation
Smart Wake-Up For

Security And Home
Monitoring Cameras
Keep The Lights On When

Someone Is Home
Enabling Industry 4.0 With

Low Power, Secure &
Reliable Microcontrollers
Differences Between
DS2431 And DS28E07
Relieving Supply Chain

Issues Of The 1-Wire
Silicon Serial Number Chip
Just 1-Wire To Operate

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01/08/2022 00:16 Wearable Technology in Healthcare | Maxim Integrated

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Reference Designs Can Wearable Health Technology Pinpoint Disease O

What Can You Create With

How Fast And Safe Will 5G

DIY Engineering Projects

Why Embedded Systems

Balancing Power Demands

PUF Technology Protects

Safer Electric Vehicles Start

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A Smarter Way To Design

Solving EMI Challenges In

Figure 2. Ear tag affixed on cow.

Keeping Cars Safe And

Fast (But Not Too Fast) Op

Shade-Proof Your Solar

How Machine Learning Can

To IO-Link And Beyond!

How 3D Printers Help You

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Ants Have Their Own Smart

Proximity Sensing Made

Get Longer Battery Life By

Eat Pie And Win A Dev

Why System Monitoring ICs

Safeguard IoT Designs Tweet Share Share

Surprising Facts About The

Keeping Hackers Away

Webinar: Learn Why It’s

Why Sensors Are The Next

Helping You Create

Why You Can’t Afford To

Why Iso-Buck Converters

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Are Machines Taking Over?

Are You Doing Enough To

Aggies Invent: 48 Hours

IoT World: From IoT

Building The Self-Aware

Flexound Systems Brings

Better Battery Runtimes

How Secure ICs Protect

Learn 3 Key Ways To Lock

Operate Your Design From

Show Your Engineering

SDR Baseband Processing

Embedded Security ICs

Want Your Oven To Play

Choosing The Right Power

Designing Hearables? Tiny

Maxim Interns Showcase

Protect Your Medical

Are Your Power Supplies

Tesla Switching To PMAC

3 Cool Technologies For

NanoMan Says: Use This

How Fast Can You Solve