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Microbes in Human Welfare: Solutions
Microbes in Human Welfare: Solutions
Microbes in Human Welfare: Solutions
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. Which of the following microbe is made up of protein only?
(1) Virus (2) Bacteria (3) Viroids (4) Prions
Sol. Answer (4)
Virus = Protein + nucleic acid
Bacteria = Cell envelope + cytoplasm + nucleoid
Viroids = Infectious RNA
Prions = Infectious protein
B
C
D
A B C D
(1) Head Neck Collar Tail
(2) Capsule Tail Collar Pins
(3) Head Collar Tail Plate
(4) Head Tail Collar Prongs
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4. Microbial colonies
(1) Can be grown on nutritive media (2) Can be seen by naked eyes
(3) Are useful in study of microbes (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (4)
All aspects are related with microbial colonies.
7. Which of the following is traditional drink of some parts of southern India, made by fermenting sap from palms?
(1) Tea (2) Toddy (3) Beer (4) Cashew apple
Sol. Answer (2)
Toddy obtain by fermentation of sap secreted from palm e.g. Caryota urens.
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9. Production of beverages at industrial scale requires growing microbes in very large containers known as
(1) Digesters (2) Fermentors (3) Dough (4) Concrete tank
Sol. Answer (2)
Very large containers for production of beverages at industrial scale are Fermentors.
13. The first antibiotic was discovered accidently by __A__ while working on __B__.
(1) A-Waksman ; B-Streptococcus (2) A-Fleming; B-Penicillium notatum
(3) A-Waksman; B-Bacillus brevis (4) A-Fleming; B-Staphylococci
Sol. Answer (4)
The first antibiotic was discovered accidently by Fleming while working on Streptococcus bacterium Penicillium
strains developed.
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16. ________ are used in detergent formulations and are helpful in removing oily stains from laundry.
(1) Ligases (2) Proteases (3) Lipases (4) Pectinases
Sol. Answer (3)
Lipases obtained from Candida lipolytica and fungi.
17. Select the microbe which is the source of ‘clot buster’ enzyme.
(1) Bacterium; Lactobacillus (2) Fungi; Aspergillus niger
(3) Fungi; Penicillium notatum (4) Bacterium; Streptococcus
Sol. Answer (4)
Bacterium; Streptococcus secrete streptokinase enzyme.
20. _________ are produced by yeast and act by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis
of cholesterol.
(1) Cyclosporin-A (2) Penicillin (3) Statins (4) Alcohol
Sol. Answer (3)
Statins produced by yeast Monascus purpureus fungus.
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Solutions of Assignment Microbes in Human Welfare 27
22. In a sewage treatment plant, primary treatment is
(1) Physical process which involves sedimentation only
(2) Physical process which involves both filtration and sedimentation
(3) Biological process which involves formation of primary sludge and effluent
(4) Biological process which involves both filtration and sedimentation
Sol. Answer (2)
Primary treatment of sewage involves physical process i.e. filtration and sedimentation.
23. During primary treatment, all solids that settle forms __A__ and the supernatant forms __B__.
(1) A - Primary sludge; B - effluent (2) A - Primary sludge; B - secondary effluent
(3) A - Activated sludge; B - clarified effluent (4) A - Activated sludge; B - effluent
Sol. Answer (1)
During primary treatment, all solids that settle forms – primary sludge and the supernatant forms – effluent.
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B
(CH4 + CO2 + ---)
A B C
(1) Gas Sludge Dung water
(2) Gas Gas holder Digester
(3) Gas holder Sludge Dung water
(4) Gas holder Digester Dung water
Sol. Answer (2)
In figure; A-Gas, B-Gas holder & C - Digester.
29. The bacterium responsible for biogas production are collectively called
(1) Methanogens (2) Thermoacidophiles (3) Halophiles (4) Cyanobacterium
Sol. Answer (1)
Biogas producing bacteria are Methanogens.
30. The technology of biogas production was developed in India mainly due to the efforts of
(1) IPM (2) IARI and KVIC (3) IRRI (4) ICAR
Sol. Answer (2)
The technology of biogas production was developed in India mainly due to the efforts of Indian Agricultural
Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).
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31. The ladybird beetle and dragonflies are useful to get rid of _____ and _____ respectively.
Dragonflies – Mosquitoes
32. The effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens are species of
The effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens are species of Trichoderma. They are very common
in root ecosystem.
33. Biofertilisers
(3) Include potash, phosphatic and nitrogenous organic and chemical compounds
Biofertilizers are organisms which fix atmospheric nitrogen that enrich the nutrient quality of soil.
(a) Bacteria
(b) Cyanobacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) Protists
(1) (a), (b), (c) (2) (a), (b), (d) (3) (b), (c), (d) (4) (a), (c), (d)
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SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. Identify the colonies labelled as A and B.
(A) (B)
a. (i) Bacillus
b. (ii) Cocci
d. (iv) Adenovirus
(1) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii) (2) a(iv), b(iii), c(i), d(ii)
(3) a(iii), b(i), c(iv), d(ii) (4) a(i), b(iii), c(ii), d(iv)
Sol. Answer (2)
In given figures:
a – Adenovirus
b – TMV
c – Bacillus
d – Cocci
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Solutions of Assignment Microbes in Human Welfare 31
3. The fermented food of soyabean is
(1) Tempeh (2) Tofu (3) Sufu (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Tempeh - Indonesia
Soyabean + H2O Soya souce Food Tofu - Japanese
Obtain
Sufu - Chinese
4. Dosa and Idli are fermented preparation of rice and black gram. The fermentation is done with
(1) Leuconostoc (2) Streptococcus
(3) Saccharomyces (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (4)
Dosa and idli by fermentation by Leuconostoc and Streptococcus species of Bacteria.
5. Read the following four statements (A – D) about certain mistakes in two of them :
(A) Dough, which is used for making foods such as dosa and idli is fermented by fungi and algae
(B) Toddy, a traditional drink of southern India is made by fermenting sap from palms.
(C) Large hole in 'Swiss cheese' are due to production of large amount of methane by Propionibacterium
sharmanii
(D) In our stomach, lactic acid bacteria play very beneficial role in checking disease - causing microbes
Which are the two statements having mistakes ?
(1) Statements (A) & (C) (2) Statements (A) & (B)
(3) Statements (B) & (C) (4) Statements (C) & (D)
Sol. Answer (1)
(A) Dough is used for making dosa and idli and is fermented by bacteria
(C) Large hole in 'Swiss cheese' are due to production of CO2 by Propionibacterium sharmanii
7. Brewer’s yeast is used for ___A___ of malted cereals and fruit juices to produce ___B___.
(1) A - Distillation; B - CO2 (2) A - Distillation; B - organic acid
(3) A - Fermentation; B - CO (4) A - Fermentation; B - Alcohol
Sol. Answer (4)
Brewer's yeast is used for fermentation of malted cereals and fruit juices to produce alcohol.
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9. __A__ enzyme is used to remove clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone __B__ leading
to heart attack.
(1) A-Streptokinase; B-Myocardial infraction (2) A-Lipases; B-Arteriosclerosis
(3) A-Proteases; B-Myocardial infraction (4) A-Pectinases; B-Atherosclerosis
Sol. Answer (1)
A-Streptokinase; B-Myocardial infraction
13. Which fungal extract was extensively used in treating wounded American soldiers in world war-II?
(1) Streptomycin (2) Penicillin (3) Aflatoxin (4) Gluconic acid
Sol. Answer (2)
Penicillin is obtained from Penicillium notatum fungus.
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Solutions of Assignment Microbes in Human Welfare 33
14. The greater BOD of waste water relates
(1) Increases oxygen content of water (2) Decreases oxygen content of water
(3) The decrease of temperature of water (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
The greater BOD of waste water indicates decrease oxygen content of water.
16. All are correct w.r.t. BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), except
(1) It refers to the amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one liter of water were
oxidised by bacteria
(2) The BOD test is a measure of the organic matter present in the water
(3) The greater the BOD of waste water, less is its polluting potential
(4) Waste water is treated till BOD is reduced significantly
Sol. Answer (3)
Greater the BOD of waste water greater is its polluting potential because higher BOD indicates large amount
of organic matter.
17. The Ministry of Environment and Forest has initiated Ganga action plan and Yamuna action plan
(i) To save these major rivers of our country from pollution
(ii) It is proposed to build a large number of sewage treatment plants
(iii) Under these plans, only treated sewage may be discharged in the river
(1) (i) and (ii) are correct (2) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(3) (i) and (iii) are correct (4) All are correct
Sol. Answer (4)
The ministry of environment and forest has initiated Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan
All statements are correct.
19. The removal of floating and suspended solids from sewage through filtration and sedimentation is the part of
(1) Primary treatment (2) Secondary treatment
(3) Tertiary treatment (4) Biological treatment
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21. First step in biogas production is carried out with the help of
(1) Obligate aerobes (2) Decomposers (3) Methanogens (4) Parasites
Sol. Answer (2)
First step in biogas production is carried out with the help of decomposers i.e., Methanogens which are
anaerobic bacteria.
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25. Baculoviruses are/have
(1) Pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods
(2) Members of genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus that are never used as biocontrol
(3) Species-specific, broad spectrum insecticides
(4) Few negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds, fishes or even on non-target insects
Sol. Answer (1)
Pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The baculoviruses are family of large rod-shaped circular
DNA viruses that can be divided to two genera- nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV) and granuloviruses (GV)
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31. The symbiotic association of fungi with plants is known as ____which is formed by many members of the fungal
genus_____.
(1) Mycorrhiza; Glomus (2) Mycorrhiza; Penicillium
(3) Lichen; Trebauxia (4) Lichen; Rhizocarpon
Sol. Answer (1)
Mycorrhiza; Glomus (Fungus).
32. Consider the following four statements (A - D) related to organic farming and select the correct option stating
which ones are true (T) and which ones are false (F). The statements :
(A) Produces food crops rich in lipids, vitamins and iron
(B) Uses biofertilisers which increases soil fertility
(C) There is more use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides
(D) Raising unpolluted crops through the use of bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) T T F F
(2) F T F T
(3) T F T F
(4) T F F F
Sol. Answer (2)
Organic farming produces crops rich in proteins.
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Solutions of Assignment Microbes in Human Welfare 37
Sol. Answer (1)
Sewage is municipal waste water, having major component as human excreta.
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option using the codes given below :
Column-I Column-II
a. Citric acid (i) Trichoderma
b. Cyclosporin A (ii) Clostridium
c. Statins (iii) Aspergillus
d. Butyric acid (iv) Monascus
Codes : [NEET(Phase-2)-2016]
a b c d
(1) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(2) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(3) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(4) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
Sol. Answer (2)
Microbe Product
Aspergillus niger - Citric acid
Trichoderma polysporum - Cyclosporin-A
Monascus purpureus - Statins
Clostridium butylicum - Butyric acid
2. Which of the following is wrongly matched in the given table? [NEET-2016]
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3. Match the following list of microbes and their importance: [Re- AIPMT-2015]
Sacharomyces Production of
a. cerevisiae (i) immunosuppressive agents
Monascus
b. purpureus (ii) Ripening of Swiss cheese
(1) a(iii), b(i), c(iv), d(ii) (2) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii) (3) a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i) (4) a(iv), b(ii), c(i), d(iii)
Sol. Answer (2)
Microbes Importance
(a) Sacharomyces cerevisiae – Commercial production of ethanol.
(b) Monascus purpureus – Production of blood cholesterol lowering agents
(c) Trichoderma polysporum – Production of immunosuppressive agents
(d) Propionibacterium sharmanii – Ripening of Swiss cheese
4. What gases are produced in anaerobic sludge digesters? [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Methane and CO2 only (2) Methane, Hydrogen sulphide and CO2
(3) Methane, Hydrogen sulphide and O2 (4) Hydrogen sulphide and CO2
Sol. Answer (2)
In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases like CH4, H2S and CO2.
5. Besides paddy fields, cyanobacteria are also found inside vegetative part of [NEET-2013]
(1) Cycas (2) Equisetum (3) Psilotum (4) Pinus
Sol. Answer (1)
B.G.A. are also found in coralloid roots of Cycas for nitrogen-fixation e.g. Nostoc & Anabaena.
6. A good producer of citric acid is [NEET-2013]
(1) Pseudomonas (2) Clostridium (3) Saccharomyces (4) Aspergillus
Sol. Answer (4)
Citric acid – Aspergillus niger.
7. During sewage treatment, biogases are produced which include : [NEET-2013]
(1) Methane, oxygen, hydrogen sulphide (2) Hydrogen sulphide, methane, sulphur dioxide
(3) Hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, methane (4) Methane, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide
Sol. Answer (4)
Biogas – Methane (CH4), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2).
8. The domestic sewage in large cities [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Has a high BOD as it containing both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
(2) Is processed by aerobic and then anaerobic bacteria in the secondary treatment in Sewage Treatment
Plants (STPs)
(3) When treated in STPs does not really require the aeration step as the sewage contains adequate
oxygen
(4) Has very high amounts of suspended solids and dissolved salts
Sol. Answer (2)
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Solutions of Assignment Microbes in Human Welfare 39
9. Monascus purpureus is a yeast used commercially in the production of [AIPMT(Prelims)-2012]
(1) Blood cholesterol lowering statins
(2) Ethanol
(3) Streptokinase for removing clots from the blood vessels
(4) Citric acid
Sol. Answer (1)
Monascus perpureus is a yeast commercially used in production of blood cholesterol lowering statins.
10. In Gobar gas, the maximum amount is that of [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Butane (2) Methane (3) Propane (4) Carbon dioxide
Sol. Answer (2)
In gobar gas, maximum amount is Methane (CH4).
11. Yeast is used in the production of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Bread and beer (2) Cheese and butter
(3) Citric acid and lactic acid (4) Lipase and pectinase
Sol. Answer (1)
Yeast – Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in production of bread and beer.
12. A nitrogen fixing microbe associated with Azolla in rice fields is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Frankia (2) Tolypothrix (3) Spirulina (4) Anabaena
Sol. Answer (4)
Anabaena azollae associated with Azolla (fern).
13. Measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a method used for [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Measuring the activity of Saccharomyces cervisae in producing curd on a commercial scale
(2) Working out the efficiency of R.B.Cs. about their capacity to carry oxygen
(3) Estimating the amount of organic matter in sewage water
(4) Working out the efficiency of oil driven automobile engines
Sol. Answer (3)
Measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a method used for estimating the amount of organic matter
present in sewage water.
14. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics
are the ones categorised as [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Chemosynthetic autotrophs (2) Heterotrophic bacteria
(3) Cyanobacteria (4) Archaebacteria
Sol. Answer (2)
15. Which one of the following is a wrong matching of a microbe and its industrial product, while the remaining
three are correct? [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Clostridium butylicum - lactic acid (2) Aspergillus niger - citric acid
(3) Yeast - statins (4) Acetobacter aceti - acetic acid
Sol. Answer (1)
Clostridium butylicum - Butyric acid.
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40 Microbes in Human Welfare Solutions of Assignment
16. Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests/diseases using microbes?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Bt-cotton to increase cotton yield
(2) Lady bird beetle against aphids in mustard
(3) Trichoderma sp. against certain plant pathogens
(4) Nucleopolyhedrovirus agains white rust in Brassica
Sol. Answer (1)
17. Which one of the following microbes forms symbiotic association with plants and helps them in their nutrition?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Glomus (2) Trichoderma (3) Azotobacter (4) Aspergillus
Sol. Answer (1)
Glomus fungus.
18. Organisms called Methanogens are most abundant in a [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Hot spring (2) Sulphur rock (3) Cattle yard (4) Polluted stream
Sol. Answer (3)
19. Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Biological process (2) Physical process (3) Mechanical process (4) Chemical process
Sol. Answer (1)
Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a biological process.
20. Which of the following is mainly produced by the activity of anaerobic bacteria on sewage ?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Marsh gas (2) Laughing gas (3) Propane (4) Mustard gas
Sol. Answer (1)
21. Ethanol is commercially produced through a particular species of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Aspergillus (2) Saccharomyces (3) Clostridium (4) Trichoderma
Sol. Answer (2)
Ethanol is commercially produced through Saccharomyces.
22. The most common substrate used in distilleries for the production of ethanol is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Molasses (2) Corn meal (3) Soya meal (4) Ground gram
Sol. Answer (1)
The most common substrate used in distilleries for the production of ethanol is Molasses.
23. Which one of the following is not a biofertilizer ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Mycorrhiza (2) Agrobacterium (3) Rhizobium (4) Nostoc
Sol. Answer (2)
Agrobacterium is used in genetic engineerring.
24. An organism used as a biofertilizer for raising soyabean crop is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Nostoc (2) Azotobacter (3) Azospirillum (4) Rhizobium
Sol. Answer (4)
Rhizobium leguminosarum is gram negative bacteria which fix - nitrogen as symbiosis in leguminous crops
e.g. soyabean.
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25. Consider the following statements (A-D) about organic farming
A. Utilizes genetically modified crops like Bt cotton.
B. Uses only naturally produced inputs like compost.
C. Does not use pesticides and urea.
D. Produces vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals.
Which of the above statements are correct ? [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) (B) and (C) only (2) (A) and (B) only (3) (B), (C) and (D) (4) (C) and (D) only
Sol. Answer (1)
Organic farming uses of only naturally produced inputs like compost i.e. does not use of pesticides and urea.
26. Select the correct statement from the following [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic
bacteria
(2) Biogas is produced by the activity of aerobic bacteria on animal waste
(3) Methanobacterium is an aerobic bacterium found in rumen of cattle
(4) Biogas, commonly called gobar gas, is pure methane
Sol. Answer (1)
Activated sludge sediments in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is rich source of aerobic bacteria.
27. An example of endomycorrhiza is [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) Nostoc (2) Glomus (3) Agaricus (4) Rhizobium
Sol. Answer (2)
28. A common biocontrol agent for the control of plant diseases is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Trichoderma (2) Baculovirus (3) Bacillus thuringiensis (4) Glomus
Sol. Answer (1)
29. Which one of the following is not used in organic farming? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Snail (2) Glomus (3) Earthworm (4) Oscillatoria
Sol. Answer (1)
Glomus and Oscillatoria Biofertilisers
Earthworm Detrivores
30. Which of the following is not used as a biopesticide? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Trichoderma harzianum (2) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)
(3) Xanthomonas campestris (4) Bacillus thuringiensis
Sol. Answer (3)
31. Which one of the following proved effective for biological control of nematodal disease in plants?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Paecilomyces lilacinus (2) Pisolithus tinctorius
(3) Pseudomonas cepacia (4) Gliocladium virens
Sol. Answer (3)
Pseudomonas cepacia – Biological control of nematodal disease.
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41. During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which one of the following is left
undegraded ?
(1) Lipids (2) Lignin (3) Hemi-cellulose (4) Cellulose
Sol. Answer (2)
During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as producing biogas undegraded Lignin is remain.
42. A major component of gobar gas is
(1) Ammonia (2) Methane (3) Ethane (4) Butane
Sol. Answer (2)
Major component of gobar gas is Methane (CH4).
43. Microbe used for biocontrol of pest butterfly caterpillars is
(1) Trichoderma sp. (2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(3) Bacillus thuringiensis (4) Streptococcus sp.
Sol. Answer (3)
Microbe used for biocontrol of pest butterfly catterpillars is - Bacillus thuringiensis.
44. Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests/diseases using microbes?
(1) Bt-cotton to increase cotton yield
(2) Lady bird beetle against aphids in mustard
(3) Trichoderma sp. against certain plant pathogens
(4) Nucleopolyhedrovirus against white rust in Brassica
Sol. Answer (1)
Biological control of pests/diseases using microbes is Bt-cotton to increase cotton yield.
45. One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect/pest is that
(1) The method is less effective as compared with the use of insecticides
(2) The practical difficulty of introducing the predator to specific areas
(3) The predator develops a preference to other diets and may itself become a pest
(4) The predator does not always survive when transferred to a new environment
Sol. Answer (4)
Major difficulties in biological control of insects/pests is the predator does not always survive when transferred
to a new environment.
46. Cochineal insects have proved very useful for the control of
(1) Cactus (2) Eicchornia (3) Weeds (4) Parthenium
Sol. Answer (1)
Cochineal insect (Cactoblastic cactorum) have proved very useful for the control of cactus.
47. When a natural predator (living being) is applied on the other pathogen organism to control them, this process
is called
(1) Artificial control (2) Confusion technique
(3) Biological control (4) Genetic engineering
Sol. Answer (3)
Biological control.
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Solutions of Assignment Microbes in Human Welfare 45
56. Which of the following is a symbiotic nitrogen fixer?
(1) Azolla (2) Glomus (3) Azotobacter (4) Frankia
Sol. Answer (4)
Frankia is symbiotic nitrogen-fixer with non leguminous crops e.g. Alnus and Casuarina.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Curd is more nutritious than milk.
R : LAB present in curd checks growth of disease causing microbes.
Sol. Answer (2)
Curd is more nutritious than milk, in curd LAB is found that checks growth of disease causing microbes in
our stomach.
6. A : Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes are used.
R : Different varieties of cheese are known by characteristic texture, flavour and taste.
Sol. Answer (2)
Cheese is one of the oldest food items, prepared by use of various types of micro-organisms. Different varieties
of cheese are characterised w.r.t. texture, flavour and taste.
e.g., swiss cheese, roquefort cheese, camembert cheese.
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46 Microbes in Human Welfare Solutions of Assignment
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