ANNEXURE I: REPORT TITLE PAGE

A FIELD REPORT
ON
Consumer Attitude towards Electric Vehicles as an
Alternative for Mobility

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

Master of Business Administration
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai
Submitted by,

HOSHANG KHODIYAR

Roll No: 503707620037

MBA – Semester 4th

(Session 2021-22)

Approved By, Guided By

Dr.Souren Sarkar Prof. Pankaj Bahtey
Prof & Head of the Department
Desigination

Shri Shankaracharya
karacharya Technical Campus
Faculty of Management Studies
Junwani, Bhilai (C.G.) - 490020

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 ANNEXURE II: DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the research work entitled Consumer Attitude

towards Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Mobility is based on my own work carried out during the

course of my study under the supervision of Mr. Pankaj Bahtey

I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my research work. I

further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief the report does not contain any part of any

work which has been submitted for the award of MBA degree or any other degree/diploma/certificate in

this University or any other University of India or abroad.

HOSHANG KHODIYAR

Enrolment No:

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ANNEXURE III: CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR

This is to certify that the work incorporated in the report Attitude towards Electric Vehicles as an
Alternative for Mobility is a record of research work carried out by Hoshang Khodiyar bearing Enrollment
No.: <>under my/our guidance and supervision for the part fulfillment for the award of MBA Degree of
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.), India.

To the best of my knowledge and belief the Report

i) Embodies the work of the candidate him/herself,

ii) Has duly been completed,

iii) Is up to the desired standard both in respect of contents and language for external viva.

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“Consumer Attitude towards Electric Vehicles as an Alternative
for Mobility”
Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 5
Introduction of the organization............................................................................................................. 6
7 top electric car manufacturers and vehicles .................................................................................... 133
LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 17
THEORETICAL CONCEPTS ...................................................................................................................... 22
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 23
Nature of the study: .......................................................................................................................... 23
Objectives: ........................................................................................................................................ 23
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ................................................................................................ 25
Findings ................................................................................................................................................. 55
Suggestions ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 56

Reference 57

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This project is done to understand the consumer attitude towards electric vehicles as an alternative for
mobility.Electric vehicles are run by battery completely and by no other source .Battery run vehicles are known as
Electric vehicles,commonly known as EV’s.This study is based on detail involve through questionnaires and secondary
data.Research methodology goes like this,this is an descriptive study data collection are done by questionnaire and
different articles, journals ,literature review and websites. The data’s are collected through Primary and secondary
sources. The collection of data is through Questionnaire in the Google forms and Survey of Consumers. The
respondents will be the existing car owners, potential buyers of vehicles and primitive class of the economy.
Secondary data : are in the form of finished products as they have already been treated statistically in some form or
other. The secondary data mainly consists of data and information collected from records, company websites and
also Researches published by various scholars and by the corporate authors. And also from literature review.

The data was collected from two different sources- primary and secondary. Primary data was collected by distributing
the questionnaire in the form of goggle doc’s to drivers, potential buyers, primitive class, and existing owners.

Secondary data has been collected from the various websites, research websites and research paers, literature
review.

Sampling method are descriptive statistics, convince sampling.

Sample size is 150.The title of the project is CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHILCES AS AN ALTERNATIVE
FOR MOBILITY. And the objectives are

 To know the consumer Attitude and perception towards electric vehicles for Mobility.
 To study the present expectations of the consumers regarding the electric vehicles .
This project is properly designed to meet the set objectives.Findings of the research are
 Cost can be a major factor as most of the consumers are ready to pay around 5-15lakhs, only few
people are ready to go more than this.
 Battery charging time is the biggest concern consumers are ready to wait from 2-6hours to fully
charge and less consumers can wait for 8hours.
 Still many people think that to build an have EV;s the technology will be available next five years.
 Ev’s companies should advertise their cars so that everybody will come to know about the product,
only Mahindra and kona are popular among the consumers.
 Most of the respondents are ready to purchase as soon as possible and also they are will to purchase
the in the next five years.
 Still many people not concerned about the environment

Conclusion can be given by

•If the price if the EV’s are priced between 5-15lakhs they we can see more sales so less pricing is
suggested.
•More battery range is required so the companies should improve the battery range of the vehicle.
•More Power stations are to be installed every petrol bunks.
•Companies should focus on advertising and give knowledge about the EV’s.
•Consumers have positive attitude towards the EV’s.
•Mid priced vehicles will be attracting more.
Finally by analyzing the data that is primary and secondary data we meet the set objectives.

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 INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION

Every one nowadays think that electric cars were introduced in 21st century but the fact says that the very
first small electric cars were built in 1870s or later, this was built by an English inventor in 1884.An electric
is automobile that is propelled by one or more electric batteries. Electric cars were produced in 1870s but
electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

Several National local governments have established government incentives for plug in electric cars tax
credits, subsidies and other incentives to. In 2013 India the government started faster adoption and
manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles scheme which provides incentives for purchasing electric
vehicles. In 2017 Transport minister Nitin gad Kari announced that he intended for India to move 100%
electric vehicles cars by 2030.

As of December 2019, the global stock of pure electric cars totaled almost 5 million units,

Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric cars are seeing a rise in popularity today for many of the same
reasons they were first popular.Whether it’s a hybrid, plug-in hybrid or all-electric, the demand for electric
drive vehicles will continue to climb as prices drop and consumers look for ways to save money at the pump.
Currently more than 3 percent of new vehicle sales, electric vehicles sales could to grow to nearly 7 percent
or 6.6 million per year worldwide by 2020 (Matulka, 2015).

It’s hard to pinpoint the invention of the electric car to one inventor or country. Instead it was a series of
breakthroughs from the battery to the electric motor in the 1800s that led to the first electric vehicle on the
road.

The birth of the electric vehicle

In the early part of the century, innovators in Hungary, the Netherlands and the United States including a
blacksmith from Vermont began toying with the concept of a battery-powered vehicle and created some of
the first small-scale electric cars. And while Robert Anderson, a British inventor, developed the first crude
electric carriage around this same time, it wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that French and
English inventors built some of the first practical electric cars. Here in the U.S., the first successful electric
car made its debut around 1890 thanks to William Morrison, a chemist who lived in Des Moines, Iowa. His
six-passenger vehicle capable of a top speed of 14 miles per hour was little more than an electrified wagon,
but it helped spark interest in electric vehicles.

Over the next few years, electric vehicles from different automakers began popping up across the U.S. New
York City even had a fleet of more than 60 electric taxis. By 1900, electric cars were at their heyday,
accounting for around a third of all vehicles on the road. During the next 10 years, they continued to show
strong sales. (Matulka, 2015).

To understand the popularity of electric vehicles circa 1900, it is also important to understand the
development of the personal vehicle and the other options available. At the turn of the 20th century, the horse
was still the primary mode of transportation. But as Americans became more prosperous, they turned to the
newly invented motor vehicle, available in steam, gasoline or electric versions, to get around. Steam was a
tried and true energy source, having proved reliable for powering factories and trains. Some of the first self-
propelled vehicles in the late 1700s relied on steam; yet it took until the 1870s for the technology to take hold
in cars. Part of this is because steam wasn’t very practical for personal vehicles. Steam vehicles required long
startup times, sometimes up to 45 minutes in the cold, and would need to be refilled with water, limiting their
range.

As electric vehicles came onto the market, so did a new type of vehicle. Electric cars didn’t have any of the
issues associated with steam or gasoline. They were quiet, easy to drive and didn’t emit a smelly pollutant
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like the other cars of the time. Electric cars quickly became popular with urban residents, especially women.
They were perfect for short trips around the city, and poor road conditions outside cities meant few cars of
any type could venture farther. (Matulka, 2015)

Environmental concern drives electric vehicles forward

Fast forward again, this time to the 1990s. In the 20 years since the long gas lines of the 1970s, interest in
electric vehicles had mostly died down. But new federal and state regulations begin to change things. The
passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment and the 1992 Energy Policy Act, plus new transportation
emissions regulations issued by the California Air Resources Board, helped create a renewed interest in
electric vehicles in the U.S. The first turning point many have suggested was the introduction of the Toyota
Prius. Released in Japan in 1997, the Prius became the world’s first mass-produced hybrid electric vehicle. In
2000, the Prius was released worldwide, and it became an instant success with celebrities, helping to raise the
profile of the car. To make the Prius a reality, Toyota used a nickel metal hydride battery, a technology that
was supported by the Energy Department’s research. Since then, rising gasoline prices and growing concern
about carbon pollution have helped make the Prius the best-selling hybrid worldwide during the past decade.
(Matulka, 2015).

Indian Government’s Initiatives for Electric Vehicles

In 2013, the Government of India launched the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020.
The plan aims to achieve national fuel security by promoting hybrid and electric vehicles in the country. To
fast track this development, the government also launched the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid
&) Electric Vehicles scheme under NEMMP 2020. (Rais, 2018 )

This scheme is aimed at incentivising all vehicle segments i.e. 2 wheeler, 3 wheeler auto, passenger 4
wheeler vehicle, light commercial vehicles and buses. Under this scheme, about 99,000 hybrid/electric
vehicles (xEVs) have been given direct support by way of demand incentives since the launch on April 1,
2015. The government has also approved pilot projects, charging infrastructure projects and technological
development projects aggregating to nearly 24 million dollars.Goenka added that in India, the first usable EV
will happen through aggregators, fleet operators such as Ola and Uber, corporate fleets and so on. This is
where we will see the highest number of EVs and will be the biggest bank for the buck.(Rais, 2018 )

Business in Electric Vehicles (EV)

Goenka remarked, “Today, EV is one of the biggest opportunities that we have in India.” This holds true as business in
this sector seems to be on the rise. Last year, EESL (Energy Efficiency Services), an energy service company of the
government floated tenders to procure at least 10,000 electric cars to phase out government vehicles in New Delhi.
The tender was awarded to leading automobile players Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra. This year, the
company will again float a tender for 10,000 more electric vehicles in India.

Taking advantage of the market scenario, the Mahindra Group, one of the leading Indian multinational car
manufacturing corporations and the first EV manufacturer in India is actively involved in the development of electric
vehicles. The firm has recently announced that it has plans to invest 140 million dollars in EVs over the next four
years. Mahindra has already invested 92 million dollars in EVs over the past five-six years. (Rais, 2018 )

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 India - Emerging Scenario and EV desire

The Indian car industry has begun to encounter these impacts of the worldwide interruption. Out of the four rising
patterns, Electrification is of significance and may essentially affect auto OEMs and auto segment producers. India
has enormous designs for the developing Electric Vehicles and its innovations in the nation. It has reported (and later
adjusted a few) ultimatums for the following decade.

India has incredible desires for accomplishing an elevated level of entrance in e-versatility by 2030. The explanation
isn't unexpected; the disturbing degrees of contamination files which continue rising and the epic dollars the nation
must compensation for yearly raw petroleum imports. In December 2017, New Delhi was in a condition of red
caution and verged on Beijing regarding contamination harmfulness; such are the contamination files in India. On the
off chance that India effectively figures out how to accomplish this objective by 2030, it could spare around 1 Giga
Ton of outflows. (Rangarajan, 2019 )

Cost of the battery

Presently, the expense of the battery and force gadgets comprise very nearly 66% of the expense of an EV. The most
broadly utilized battery materials today are nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and Lithium-Ion (LiON). Numerous variables
like interest flexibly holes, uneconomically low volumes and so forth, lead to the significant expense of assembling
EVs. Today, an EV's battery, power hardware and engines can together cost as much as six to multiple times that of
an IC motor influencing the ex-showroom cost.

New battery producing limits are coming up in India and the localisation push will help lower expenses of EVs simply
as it does on account of IC motor vehicles. Specialists in cell fabricating feel that the monetary size of a battery
producing plant is as much as 8 GWh. Along these lines, unmistakably, localisation advantages can be gathered
distinctly in the long haul and with significant infiltration and volumes for EVs. (Rangarajan, 2019 )

Value numerous

The greatest obstacle for purchasers hoping to go electric is the flow significant expense of EVs. For a purchaser who
is reluctant to pick a half and half for the proportionate ICE-just vehicle, the almost 3x sticker price of an EV is a lot of
a section boundary. The business see is that the value different between ICE vehicles and comparatively situated EV
can't be more than 1.2x to 1.3x.

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In any case, lower-end vehicles will in general be progressively costly on account of the greater expense of innovation
spread over a lower value level. Tragically, value affectability is additionally higher among purchasers in the lower
value section. Also, the expense of-proprietorship issue will additionally influence long haul reasonability of EVs.
(Rangarajan, 2019 )

The force, fuel, and charging framework organizations: By setting out an establishment of help, improving on plans of
action (e.g., renting of batteries, trading foundation, conveying quick chargers), making the financial aspects of
(quick) charging foundation work, giving stable force gracefully and lattice strength, they can empower simple and
fast charging and drive EV selection. (Rangarajan, 2019 )

Worldwide EV MARKET TRENDS

In 2018, the worldwide EV deals, which incorporate BEVs, PHEVs, and FCEVs, crossed 2 million units to arrive at a last
figure of 2,218,490units.The expanding ubiquity of EVs features critical endeavors made together by different
governments and car industry

Affiliations. Be that as it may, over 70% of EV deals worldwide in 2018 were in the US, Japan, and China.

Expanding contamination and danger of a dangerous atmospheric devation have complemented the need to
supplant oil energized vehicles with emanation free substitutes. Following quite a while of R&D, the business has
seen EVs as the best reasonable substitute for generally filled vehicles, Which has brought about the development of
electric vehicles.EV advancement endeavors are expanding with persistent help from numerous administrations, car
OEMs, and other government and non-government offices that are not just advancing the deals of zero-discharge
vehicles yet in addition stepping toward a positive administrative system, charging foundation, and money related
help? Yearning EV targets and strategy support from governments Have brought about bringing down of EV costs.
(SRINATH MANDA, 2019)

What's more, factors, for example, broadened vehicle range and improvement in charging foundation have filled the
interest for EVs internationally Led by China, Asia Pacific has the most noteworthy deals of EVs. China is concentrating
on EVs to manage rising vehicle emanations in the

Nation. The Chinese government gives endowments to the charge of vehicles, which, thus, have expanded the deals
of EVs in China. The endowments are offered for both unadulterated EVs and HEVs. For example, the administration
appropriation incorporates traveler vehicle buying motivations of RMB 55,000 for BEVs and RMB 30,000 for PHEVs.
Throughout the years, the expense of batteries has diminished, which would again positively affect the Chinese EV
advertise. (SRINATH MANDA, 2019)

The Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI)— a multi-government strategy discussion committed to quickening the
presentation and appropriation of electric vehicles around the world—has set an objective of arriving at an electric
vehicle armada of 20 million by 2020, all inclusive. The Paris Declaration On Electro Mobility and Climate Change has

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additionally set a comparative worldwide sending objective of 100 million electric vehicles by 2030. The development
of the EV showcase is driven by government financing, appropriations, and motivating forces, developing interest for
EVs, expanding Worries over natural contamination, and tremendous speculations from automakers in EVs. Be that
as it may, factors, for example, significant expense, littler separation secured by EVs, and absence of normalization
can limit the market development. (SRINATH MANDA, 2019)

DEVELOPMENTS TOWARD ELECTRIFICATION

Currently, EVs constitute less than 1% of all the vehicles sold in India. There are more than 400,000 units of electric
two-wheelersAnd only a few thousand electric cars on Indian roads. According to the Society of Manufacturers of
Electric Vehicles (SMEV), more than 95% of electric vehicles in India are low-speed electric scooters (25 km/h), which
do not require registration and licenses.

The manufacturers are waiting for the government to clear regulatory hurdles and come up with a clear stance on
infrastructure development for EVs. In December 2017, the government announced an investment of USD 64.1
million in its FAME initiative for

Launching electric buses, taxis, and three-wheelers in 11 Indian cities. This initiative will boost the rate of EV adoption
in India in the coming years. Moreover, in January 2019, under the FAME II mission, the Indian government allocated
INR 350 crore for investments in research and innovation of 3 major components.

Transportation ministry and authorities in India should proactively increase incentive-based mandates for EVs in the
country by relevant stakeholders (automotive OEMs, Tier 1 players, and technology solution providers), similar to the
emission norms mandates. This would build confidence in automotive OEMs and Tier 1 players in the country to
invest appropriately in the required infrastructure and technology for these vehicles. (SRINATH MANDA, 2019).

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES AND FOREIGN INVESTMENTS

The Government of India encourages foreign investments in the automobile sector and allows 100% FDI under the
automatic route. The recent initiatives taken are: The government aims to develop India as a global manufacturing
center and an R&D hub.

ƒ Under NATRiP, the Government of India is planning to set up R&D centers at a total cost of USD 388.5 million to
enable the industry to be at par with global standards.

ƒ The Ministry of Heavy Industries has shortlisted 11 cities in the country for introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) in
their public transport systems under the FAME [Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles
in India] scheme. The government will also set up incubation centers for startups working in electric vehicles space. In
February 2019, the Government of India approved the FAME-II scheme with a fund requirement of INR 10,000 crore

(USD 1.39 billion) for FY’2020–22. (SRINATH MANDA, 2019)

 In 2013 India the government started faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles
scheme which provides incentives for purchasing electric vehicles.
 In 2017 Transport minister Nitin gad Kari announced that he intended for India to move 100% electric
vehicles cars by 2030.
 As of December 2019, the global stock of pure electric cars totaled almost 5 million units, representing
64.25of all plug in passenger cars in use.

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The Electric Vehicles Market is projected to reach 26,951,318 units by 2030 from an estimated 3,269,671 units in
2019, at a CAGR of 21.1% during the forecast period. The base year for the report is 2018, and the forecast period is
from 2019 to 2030. The electric vehicle market has witnessed rapid evolution with the ongoing developments in
automotive sector. Favorable government policies and support in terms of subsidies and grants, tax rebates and
other non-financial benefits in the form of car pool lane access, and new car registration (specifically in China where
ICE engine new car registration are banned in some urban areas) the increasing vehicle range, better availability of
charging infrastructure and proactive participation by automotive OEMs would drive the global electric vehicle sales.

(Marketsandmarkets, Jun 2019 )

Mid-Priced vehicle segment are expected to grow at highest CAGR rate

The future of EVs is expected to be bright and with time the price of batteries, one of the most vital components in an
EV, is reducing significantly which would make EVs more affordable. Mid-Priced vehicle class has limited features with
less emphasis on features like infotainment, instrument cluster, and other expensive features. China is one of the
leading countries for the mid-priced segment. Companies such as BYD, Smart, and Great Wall Motors are
manufacturing comparatively less expensive vehicles. In July 2018, Great Wall Motors announced a partnership with
BMW Group to produce electric MINI vehicles in China. In December 2018, the company launched its new flagship
vehicle under its new ‘ORA’ electric car brand: the ORA R1. The small urban car will cost only USD 8,680 after
incentives with a range of almost 200 miles.

Heavy investments from automakers in EVs

Heavy investments from automakers are expected to cater to the growing demand for EVs and play a major role in
the evolution of the electric vehicle market. OEMs offer electric vehicles in different segments ranging from small
hatchbacks such as Nissan Leaf to high-end sedans like Tesla Model 3. The wide product offering has attracted many
consumers and resulted in a growing market for electric vehicles.
Demand for increased vehicle range per charge
Recent developments have shown a tremendous increase in vehicle range on a single charge. In addition, electric
vehicle manufacturers now offer home charging options with every EV purchase, adding to the convenience of
consumers. (Marketsandmarkets, Jun 2019 )

Major increase in EV models

Expanding e-mobility is an important building block on the road to a CO2-neutral balance. Government regulations to
promote the use of EVs are the driving factor in the increase of EV models by various companies. The number of EV
models introduced by automotive companies is increasing rapidly with time.

Challenges:

 High cost of EVs in comparison to ICE vehicles

High manufacturing cost of EVs has been a major concern over their widespread adoption. As the popularity of
electric cars rises over the next decade, the drops in battery prices and reduced R&D costs should see the overall cost
of purchasing electric hatchbacks, crossovers, or SUVs reach levels of similar ICE vehicles

 Stringent rules for installation of charging stations

A service provider must follow a certain set of instructions while installing a charging station. Service providers need
approval from plot owners (when the installation is done on private property), local government for regulatory
mandates, and utility providers for energy transfer.
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  Limited range of EVs

Many electric vehicle owners are concerned about the range or distance covered in a single charge of EVs. The driving
range of EVs is shorter than that of ICE vehicles. (Marketsandmarkets, Jun 2019 )

The global electric vehicle market is dominated by major players such as Tesla (US), BYD (China), BMW (Germany),
Volkswagen (Germany), and Nissan (Japan). These companies have strong distribution networks at a global level. In
addition, these companies offer an extensive product range in this market. These companies adopt strategies such as
new product developments, collaborations, and contracts & agreements to sustain their market position.

Recent Developments:

In March 2019, Tesla launched its fully electric Model Y, which can carry 7 passengers and their cargo. It has two
ultra-responsive, independent electric motors that digitally control torque to the front and rear wheels—for better
handling, traction, and stability control.

In July 2018, Tesla landed a deal with Chinese authorities to build a new auto plant in Shanghai, its first factory
outside the US that would double the size of the electric car maker’s global manufacturing.

In April 2019, Nissan announced that the new Nissan Leaf would go on sale in Indonesia and the Philippines by 2020,
underscoring Nissan's commitment to driving electrification in the region.

In April 2019, BYD announced the launch of the K12A at the company's headquarters in Shenzhen, the world's first
27-m pure electric bus. With a passenger capacity of 250 people, it is the longest pure electric bus in the world and
can travel at a maximum speed of 70 km/h.

In May 2019, Volkswagen announced pre-booking in Europe for the first model of its new full-electric ID.3. The first
special edition, which has been specially configured for pre-booking, includes high-quality, high-performance
equipment and is limited to 30,000 vehicles. (Marketsandmarkets, Jun 2019 )

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 7 TOP ELECTRIC CAR MANUFACTURERS AND VEHICLES:
Tesla

Tesla, Elon Musk’s innovative technology company, is known for producing high quality, cutting-edge vehicles with
high-end and creative features. Tesla’s two most popular vehicles are the Tesla Model S and Tesla Model X, and
increasingly, the lower-cost Tesla Model 3.

The Model S is Tesla’s luxury sedan, and at the time of its first release, was the highest rated vehicle ever tested by
Consumer Reports. The Model X is the electric SUV from Tesla, and features falcon wing doors, room for seven
passengers, and almost 300 miles in range per charge. The Model 3 is a low-cost sedan option for those not wanting
to pay the high price for the Model S luxury vehicle.

BMW

BMW is a German car company that produces luxury cars. Recently, they have entered the electric car market with
the BMW i3, an all-electric luxury SUV with a compact 5-seater designed primarily for urban and suburban traveling.
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Nissan

Headquartered in Japan, Nissan has sold the most EVs of any manufacturer worldwide. Their electric car offerings are
led by the Nissan Leaf. The world’s most popular electric vehicle, the Leaf offers all the benefits of driving electric,
while staying available with a relatively low price point.

Chevrolet

Chevrolet is the automotive section of American company General Motors, and sells a wide range of vehicles
worldwide. Chevy’s first foray into the all-electric car market is the Chevrolet Bolt, which offers over 220 miles per
charge at a price far below other long-range vehicles, such as Tesla’s current lineup.

Ford

Ford is a classic American car maker, producing a plethora of vehicles for sale worldwide from pickup trucks to plug-in
hybrids. Their leading electric vehicle is the Ford Focus Electric. An electric version of the popular Ford Focus, the
Focus Electric is an affordable EV with all the look and feel of a standard vehicle, but with over 100 miles per charge
in its battery.

Volkswagen

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Volkswagen is a German automaker known for the VW Beetle offering an affordable and reliable electric option in
the Volkswagen e-Golf. Another relatively inexpensive EV, the e-Golf has a battery range around 80 miles per charge,
and feels like a traditional Volkswagen automobile.

Tata Motors

Launched Hybrid and electric Starbus from manufacturing facility in Pune under its zero emission mass transport
solution.
Tata Motors offers a wide range of electric vehicles and contributing to the electric vehicle industry in India with Tata
Tigor electric car, Ultra Electric bus,Starbus Hybrid Electric Buses for cleaner and greener public transportation.

Mahindra

Electric Mobility Limited is based in Bangalore, sells electric vehicles in the segments of passenger and cargo as well
as into the manufacturing of compact electric vehicles.

15
Earlier Reva electric company was acquired by Mahindra & Mahindra and today the company has launched Mahindra
e2o, electric hatchback e2oPlus, eVerito sedan, commercial electric eSupro and upcoming electric version of the
KUV100.

Ashok Leyland Electric

Ashok Leyland is one of the largest bus manufacturers in the world and market leader of trucks in India. The company
has already launched fully electric bus called Circuit in India, advanced non-plug-in version of HYBUS, Electric Euro 6
Truck and announced iBUS.

Ola has launched multimodal electric vehicle project in Nagpur under the Mission Electric and also running electric
public transport vehicles in India. The homegrown company is also plans for launching 10,000 e rickshaws in India as
well as invest in setting up charging stations of electric vehicles in major Indian cities.

16
 LITERATURE REVIEW
st
1 Literature review

Title-Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: A review and research agenda.

Authors-Zeinabrezvani, Johan jansson, Jan bodin.

Sample size of this research was 700.The research was conducted on 700npeople.

Highlights of the study are

•This review of consumer EV adoption studies provides theoretical and empirical insights for research, policy and
practice.

 Drivers for EV adoption include pro-environmental attitudes, symbolic meanings, identity, innovativeness and
emotions.
 Purchase cost of EVs is found to be a barrier to adoption while lower running cost is shown to be a driver.
 Hands-on experience with EVs changed attitudes to a large extent, yet the negative evaluation of range did
not change.
The research method was Quantitative, online survey on 700people.

Main Findings of the paper are:

Purchase cost of EVs is found to be a barrier to adoption while lower running cost is shown to be a driver.
Joy, pride and positive emotions from driving an EV and environmental concerns positively influence
adoption intentions.

2nd literature review

Title: Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions
and this was published in the year in 2012.Sample size was 711.
Author’segbue.slong. The variable used is Preference and attitude.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are promoted as a viable near-term vehicle technology to reduce dependence on fossil
fuels and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with conventional vehicles (CVs). In spite of
the benefits of EVs, several obstacles need to be overcome before EVs will be widely adopted. A major
barrier is that consumers tend to resist new technologies that are considered alien or unproved, thus, policy
decisions that consider their critical concerns will have a higher level of success. This research identifies
potential socio-technical barriers to consumer adoption of EVs and determines if sustainability issues
influence consumer decision to purchase an EV. This study provides valuable insights into preferences and
perceptions of technology enthusiasts; individuals highly connected to technology development and better
equipped to sort out the many differences between EVs and CVs.

Main findings:

We sample technology enthusiasts to determine attitudes toward electric vehicles.

► Knowledge and perceptions differ across gender, age, and education groups.
► High degree of uncertainty is associated with electric vehicles.
► Battery range is the biggest concern followed by cost.
► Sustainability has less weight compared to electric vehicle cost and performance.

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3rd literature review

Title: Intent to purchase a plug-in electric vehicle: A survey of early impressions in large US cites. Author are S
carley,Krause,Bw lane JD graham.
This was published in year 2013. This paper examines consumer stated intent to purchase plug-in electric
vehicles and assesses the factors that increase or decrease interest. We surveyed adult drivers in large US
cities in early fall 2011, before vehicle manufacturers and dealers began marketing campaigns. The survey
responses thus document early impressions of this transport technology. We find that, given current battery
technology and public perceptions, overall stated intent to purchase or lease electric vehicles are low.
Interest in plug-in hybrid technology is somewhat greater than interest in all-electric technology. Consumers
who express early interest in adopting electric vehicles are typically highly educated, previous owners of
conventional hybrids, environmentally sensitive, and concerned about dependence on foreign oil. Enhanced
fuel economy, the primary tangible advantage of plug-in technology, is recognized as favorable by
respondents but fails to exert a strong influence on purchasing intentions.
Main findings:
Interest in plug-in electric vehicles by respondents to a US survey is low.
► Early adopters are highly educated, owners of hybrids, environmentally sensitive, and concerned about
dependence on oil.
► Issues of cost, recharging, and driving range diminish interest in plug-in vehicles.

4th literature review

Title: Accelerating market diffusion of battery electric vehicles through alternative mobility concepts.
This was published in the year 2014 by Thomas m

Heike prof.
fter the 2008/2009 crisis, the automotive industry is reverting to growth. And the growth is likely to continue
in the coming years. Referred to optimistic scenarios, global car sales will increase up to 2015 to even more
than 90 million vehicles annually (Polk, 2012), an increase of 30% compared to today’s figures. In particular,
the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) and emerging markets such as Mexico, Indonesia, South
Korea and Turkey will contribute to this growth. Despite these positive signs, the automotive industry is
facing an interminable and far-reaching transformation process (Deloitte, 2009). In addition to the
continuous improvement of the internal combustion engine and the integration of alternative fuels, in
particular new mobility concepts (such as car-sharing) and the electrification of the power train (in the
broadest sense: e-mobility) will fundamentally change the traditional automotive industry (Boston Consulting
Group, 2010; European Commission, 2011)
H1
Consumer acceptance increases with the linkage of BEVs and alternative mobility concepts.

H2
Consumer willingness to pay increases with the linkage of BEVs and alternative mobility concepts.
The surveyconducted an online-based survey among private consumers.
.
Main findings:
Manufacturers should minimize the fear the of customers from battery issues.

18
 Manufactures and car dealer can influence the consumer.

5thliterature review

Title: Experts, theories, and electric mobility transitions: Toward an integrated conceptual framework for the
adoption of electric vehicles. This was published in the year 2107.The sample size of the research was 35.
Authors:Sovacol,Benjamin K in
Variables are Performance, Expectancy, and Effort.
I expand and integrate a theory of mobility (Auto mobility) with one of science and technology (Actor
Network Theory) and one about social acceptance and user adoption (UTAUT). I apply this integrative
framework to the diffusion (and non-diffusion) of electric vehicles and the process of electric mobility. I begin
by presenting my methods, namely semi-structured qualitative research interviews with social theorists.
Then, I present the three theories deemed most relevant by respondents. Auto mobility holds that, on a
cultural or social level, automobiles exist as part of a complex, one that involves hardware and
infrastructure—a hybridity between drivers and machines—along with patterns of identity and attitudes
about driving pleasure.
Findings
 Drivers will value not only cost but also some non technical factors to satisfaction.
 Age,gender,experience was the factor.

6th literature review

Title: A review of influencing consumer intentions to adopt battery electric vehicles. This was
published in the year 2017 and authors are Wenbo Li
Jichaogeng.The sample size of the paper is 711.
Despite reducing environmental pollution and the excessive consumption of fossil fuels, the number
of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on the road is still low. Why is this so? Why is the mass adoption of
BEVs so difficult to realize? One important reason is that the adoption of BEVs is, to a large extent,
dependent on the acceptance of private consumers, and their willingness to adopt this mode of
transport is insufficient. This study is a systematic overview of peer-reviewed journal articles to
identify the reasons for and against consumer intentions to adopt BEVs. A total of 1846 papers were
retrieved and after two-step identification, 40 papers were finally identified and analyzed in detail.
Findings
 Unless the driving range is improved, it is difficult to promote to private consumers.
 Gender age, education.
 Experience did not influence consumer’s attitude and intention.
 It was appositive factor.
7th literature review

Title: Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review

Author: FanchaoLiao,ericmolin.
Year: 2017

19
Sample size: 100
Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to the alleviation of problems such as
environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, the current market penetration of EV
is relatively low in spite of many governments implementing strong promotion policies. This paper presents
a comprehensive review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers
and give direction to further research. First, we compare the economic and psychological approach towards
this topic, followed by a conceptual framework of EV preferences which is then implemented to organise our
review. We also briefly review the modelling techniques applied in the selected studies.

Findings
 Government have many policies to encourage the sales.
 Experience and age was a factor.

8th Literature Review

Title:Policy measures to promote electric mobility – A global perspective

Year: TheoLieven
Research that addresses policy measures to increase the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has discussed
government regulations such as California’s Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) or penalties on petroleum-based
fuels. Relatively few articles have addressed policy measures designed to increase the adoption of EVs by
incentives to influence car buyers’ voluntary behaviour. This article examines the effects of such policy
measures. Two of these attributes are monetary measures, two others are traffic regulations, and the other
three are related to investments in charging infrastructure. Consumer preferences were assessed using a
choice-based conjoint analysis on an individual basis by applying the hierarchical Bayes method. In addition,
the Kano method was used to elicit consumer satisfaction. This not only enabled the identification of
preferences but also why preferences were based on either features that were “must-haves” or on attributes
that were not expected but were highly attractive and, thus, led to high satisfaction.
Sample size: 20 Countries,

Main findings:
 The result showed that the installation of a charging network on freeways is an absolute necessity.
 This was completely independent from the average mileage driven per day.
 High cash grants were appreciated as attractive; however, combinations of lower grants with
charging facilities resulted in similar preference shares in market simulations for each country.
9th Literature review
Title:How do Consumers Perceive Electric Vehicles? A Comparison of German Consumer Groups.
Authors:Anja peters Elisabathdutschke.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are currently being discussed as a promising means to increase the energy
efficiency and sustainability of today's transport systems. While technological progress and cost
reduction are certainly crucial topics for their successful diffusion, consumer acceptance is another
issue that warrants further analysis. Based on a large online survey (N = 969), we compared four
consumer groups which differ in their likelihood to purchase an EV with regard to their socio-
demographic characteristics, their willingness to pay (WTP) and their perceptions of EVs.
Main findings:
 The findings indicate that early users in Germany are most likely to be middle-aged men
living with their families in a multi-vehicle household who have a higher WTP for an EV.
 Perceived compatibility of an EV with personal needs seems to be the most influential factor
on the stated willingness to purchase an EV.
 With regard to the promotion of EVs, strengthening their environmental advantages and
providing financial incentives for purchase are rated as important measures by a majority of
the sample, while performance characteristics which are comparable to conventional vehicles
seem to be less important for most participants.
20
  Based on the data analyses, we provide recommendations for measures regarding the further
development and promotion of EVs.

10th literature review

Title:Consumer purchase intentions for electric vehicles: Is green more important than
price and range.
Author:kenandegirmanci,Michel h,
Year: March 2017
In view of global warming and climate change, a transition from combustion to electric vehicles
(EVs) can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. However, high
acquisition costs and short driving ranges are considered to be main factors which impede the
diffusion of EVs. Since electricity needs to be produced from renewable energy sources for EVs to be
a true green alternative, the environmental performance of EVs is also presumed to be an important
factor. This paper investigates the role of environmental performance compared to price value and
range confidence regarding consumer purchase intentions for EVs. To develop our hypothesis, we
interview 40 end-user subjects about their beliefs toward EVs. Then, we perform 167 test drives with
a plug-in battery EV and conduct a survey with the participants to test the hypothesis. Results of a
structural equation modelling support the hypothesis that the environmental performance of EVs is a
stronger predictor of attitude and thus purchase intention than price value and range confidence.

 This study investigates consumer purchase intentions for electric vehicles.

 Preliminary interviews with 40 end-user subjects are conducted.

 In total, 167 test drives with a plug-in battery electric vehicle are performed.
 A survey with test drive participants and a structural equation modelling are used.
 Results show environmental performance surpasses price value and range confidence.

21
 THEORETICAL CONCEPTS

Theory on Consumer attitude

An attitude is a lasting, general evaluation of people (including oneself), objects,
advertisements, or issues. We call anything towards which one has an attitude an attitude
object (Ao). Attitudes are lasting because they tend to endure over time. Attitudes are general
because these apply to more than a momentary event, such as hearing a loud noise, though
you might, over time, develop a negative attitude towards all loud noises. Consumers have
attitudes towards a wide range of attitude objects, from very product-specie c behaviours
(e.g., drinking Pepsi rather than Coca Cola) to more general, consumption-related behaviours
(e.g., how often you have  say drinks). Attitudes help determine whom you choose to date,
what music you listen to, or whether you will recycle aluminium cans. The attitudes and
opinions that we hold affect our behaviour and our intentions. Marketers need to understand
consumers’ attitudes in a variety of circumstances, and to devise means for in fencing those
attitudes so that consumers adopt more positive attitudes towards the products or services on
offer. In this chapter, we consider why people develop attitudes, and how they do so in
different situations. We would also consider the contents of an attitude, how we form
attitudes, and how we 4Consumer AttitudeCB-TC_04.indd 87 2/24/2012 12:59:26 PM
Measure them, as well as review some of the surprisingly complex relationships between
attitudes and behaviour. Anattitude hasthree components: affect behaviour and cognition.
Affects how a consumer feels about an attitude object. Behaviour refers to his intentions to
take action about it (but, as we will discuss at a later point, an intention does not always result
in an actual behaviour). Cognition is what he believes to be true about the attitude object. You
can remember these three components of an attitude as the ABC model of attitudes, which is
discussed later in the chapter. We discuss how these components contribute to the level of
commitment that consumers feel towards products or services. In developing attitudes, people
often rely on their pre-existing knowledge and opinions to ensure they are consistent in their
beliefs. We also consider the theories of consistency and the implications these might have for
developing marketing strategies. Although marketers may expect that they can increase sales
by influencing consumer attitudes, this is not always necessarily the case. Sometimes, though
consumers may have a more positive attitude towards certain products, this does not lead to
any change in their behaviour.(madichie, 2012)

Introduction to attitudes
"It is difficult to imagine a psychological world without attitudes. [...] Our
Environment would make little sense to us; the world would be a cacophony of
Meaningless blessings and curses. Existence would be truly chaotic and probably
Quite short" (Fazio & Olson, 2003, p. 139) Using dramatic words, the authors paintthe picture
of how the world would look if mankind were spared of its attitudestowards everything. This
makes it easy to see the importance of understanding howand why people feel and act in a
certain manner to a situation, object or anything that surrounds them. Attitude research has
been popular beginning in the 1900s. One of the mainreasons for this, as described by Wicker
(1969), is that theorists have believed andhave seen a real connection between attitudes and
behaviour. The idea is strengthened
Also by recent authors (Jansson, 2010) who affirm that attitude explains consumerbehaviour,
even better than other factors (e.g. age, income, etc.]
The interest of this chapter is to try to understand the concept of attitudes and
See the underlying connection between attitudes and behaviour. As Fishbein&Ajzen(1975)
put it, attitude is a concept that is believed to guide or influence behaviour. So, first of all, it is
important to understand what attitudes are.

22
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Introduction of the project

The project was undertaken to know whether the existing car owners and the potential buyers of the cars and last
the primitive economy class people will go for the electric cars as an alternative for mobility. And to also know that
what could stop the buyers from buying the electric car andwhether it will succeed in India.

The collection of required information is done with the help of questionnaire and secondary data that was available
in the company. The research conducted also to know to the consumer attitude and perception towards electric
vehicles as an alternative for mobility.

NATURE OF THE STUDY:

Nowadays automobile industry is growing day by day and every person in the world wants to purchase a vehicle for
his mobility. Automobile industry trends are changing every now and then new source for vehicles that could petrol,
disel, gas or hybrid vehicles or the solar car.

But the trend that has amazed every person is the innovation of electric cars till now we have seen the electric trains
but now we could see buses and cars. So this study is done gain the knowledge and to know consumer attitude. Study
depends on the questionnaire that will be the primary data and secondary data as well. Analyzing the responses
research will be completed.

Title of the Project: CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHILCES AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR MOBILITY.

OBJECTIVES:
 To know the consumer Attitude and perception towards electric vehicles for
Mobility.
 To study the present expectations of the consumers regarding the electric vehicles.

Data collection method: The data’s are collected through Primary and secondary sources. The collection of
data is through Questionnaire in the Google forms and Survey of Consumers. The respondents will be the existing car
owners, potential buyers of vehicles and primitive class of the economy.

Primary data: Primary data are in the form of “raw material” to which statistical Methods are applied for the
purpose of analysis and interpretations. The primary sources are, data’s collected through questionnaire.

23
Secondary data: are in the form of finished products as they have already been treated statistically in some form
or other. The secondary data mainly consists of data and information collected from records, company websites and
also Researches published by various scholars and by the corporate authors.And also from literature review.

Data collection:The data was collected from two different sources- primary and secondary. Primary data was
collected by distributing the questionnaire in the form of goggle doc’s to drivers, potentialbuyers, primitive class, and
existing owners.

Secondary data has been collected from the various websites, research websites and research paers, literature
review.

Sampling: Maximum 150 respondents

Sampling method: descriptive statistics, convince sampling

Types of statistical Tools: excel, SPSS

24
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1) -Age group

 15-20
 20-25
 25-30
 More than 30

age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

20-25 84 56.0 56.0 56.0

25-30 55 36.7 36.7 92.7

Valid
more than 30 11 7.3 7.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Total respondents are 150 among them the highest respondents are from the age group of 20-
25 that is 84 response (56. %), the next highest respondents are of 25-30 55responses (36.7%) and more than
30age 11repsonses (7.3%).

25
 2)How much are you willing to spend on an electric car?
 3-5lakhs
 5-10lakhs
 10-15lakhs
 Above 15LAkhs

How much are you willing to spend on an electric car?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

3-5 lakhs 50 33.3 33.3 33.3

5-10 lakhs 61 40.7 40.7 74.0

Valid 10-15lakhhs 33 22.0 22.0 96.0

Above 15 lakhs 6 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

26
 Interpretation: The above graph shows that the people are willing to spend around

5-10lAKHS on electriccar.61(40.7%) respondents are the highest response group and the second price

that is ready to buy is around 3-5lakhs(33.3%).

There are less people who are willing to spend 10-15lakhas on purchase it is the 3rd highest with

responses of 33(22%).Around 6(4%)respondents can go for above 15lakhs.

3)How long would you be willing to wait for your electric car to be fully
charged?
 1-2hours
 2-4hours
 4-6hours
 6-8hours

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

2-4 hours 61 40.7 40.7 40.7

4-6 hours 64 42.7 42.7 83.3

Valid
6-8 hours 25 16.7 16.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

27
Interpretation:people are ready to wait for 4-6hours has more responses are on this option with 64responses (42.7)
to fully charge .next highest waiting is 2-4hours 61(40.7%)

And the least waiting time is 6-8hours 25responses(16.7%).so consumers are not ready to wait more for fully charge.

4)Do you believe there is the technology today to make an affordable electric car to fit
your needs?

 Yes, it is available today

 No, but it will be available within the next 2 years
 No, but it will be available within the next 5 years
 It will never be available

Not educated enough to answer

28
Do you believe there is the technology today to make an affordable electric car to fit your
needs?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No, but it will be available

39 26.0 26.0 26.0
within the next 2 years

No, but it will be available

101 67.3 67.3 93.3
within the next 5 years

Valid
No, but it will be available
6 4.0 4.0 97.3
within the next 5 years

It will never be available 4 2.7 2.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

29
Interpretation:Most consumers think that today there is no sufficient technology to make electric vehicles but it will
be available in next five years as most of them have opted this (101-67.3%)..39(26%) respondents think that it will be
available in 2years.6 responses think it will be available in next 5years and 4responses think it will never be available

5) If an efficiently sized electric car was available today, what may stop you from buying it
over petrol/diesel or a hybrid car?
 Cost
 Comfort
 Power
 Battery range
 Power stations

$stopfrombuying Frequencies

Responses Percent of
Cases
N Percent

Cost 45 14.8% 31.0%

Comfort 57 18.7% 39.3%

What may stop from buying Power 97 31.8% 66.9%

Battery range 59 19.3% 40.7%

Power stations 47 15.4% 32.4%

Total 305 100.0% 210.3%

30
Interpretation: Most respondents think that power of the car may stop them
from buying as 97(31.8%) as has responded like that. Along with the power
battery range could also stop them as 59(19.3%) have opted.47 (15.4%)
respondents also think power stations could be the factor that may stop and
45(14.8%) say cost could be factor.

6)What are the electric cars that you know?

 Tata nexoneV
 Hyundai konaev
 Mahindra E20 plus
 Others

What are the electric cars that you know?

31
 Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Tata nexonev 1 .7 .7 .7

Hyundai konaev 41 27.3 27.3 28.0

Mahindra E20 plus 101 67.3 67.3 95.3

Valid
Tesla 5 3.3 3.3 98.7

All of the above 2 1.3 1.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above table Mahindra e20 plus is the most popular 101(67.3%) know about this
car.2ndhighest known car is Hyundai kona 41(27.3%), following next is tesla, TatanexoneV, and 3 respondents know all
the above cars.

7)How likely that your next car will be an electric car?

 I want to buy an electric car as soon as possible-1

32
  I want to buy an electric car during the next 5 years-2
 I want to buy an electric car during the next 10 years-3

I don't want to buy an electric car

How likely that your next car will be an electric car?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

I want to buy an electric car

44 28.9 29.1 29.1
as soon as possible

I want to buy an electric car

75 49.3 49.7 78.8
during next 5years

Valid I want to buy an electric car

20 13.2 13.2 92.1
during the next 10years

I don’t want to buy an

12 7.9 7.9 100.0
electric car

Total 151 99.3 100.0

Missing System 1 .7

33
Total 152 100.0

Interpretation:75 respondents are ready to purchase an EV’s during the next next 5years,44 respondents are ready to
purchase as soon as possible,20respondnets are ready to purchase during the next 10years,12 respondents not ready
to purchase the EV’S.

8) Are you environmentally conscious?

 Yes, constantly
 Yes, a lot of the time
 Sometimes
 Occasionally
 None

34
 . Are you environmentally conscious

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Yes, constantly 1 .7 .7 .7

Yes, a lot of the time 37 24.7 24.7 25.3

Sometimes 99 66.0 66.0 91.3

Valid
Occasionally 10 6.7 6.7 98.0

None 3 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above table 99(66%) are sometime they Are environmental conscious, following 37(24.7%)
are lot of time conscious about environment,10respondents are occasional,1 respondents are constantly, and 3 are
no where conscious.

35
9). How many hours would you say you spend in your vehicle per week?

 1-10hours
 11-20
 21-30
 31-40
 41-50
 51-60
 61-70
 71-80
 81-90
 91-100

How many hours would you say you spend in your vehicle per week?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

1-10 72 48.0 48.0 48.0

11-20 43 28.7 28.7 76.7

21-30 14 9.3 9.3 86.0

Valid 31-40 7 4.7 4.7 90.7

41-50 7 4.7 4.7 95.3

51-60 2 1.3 1.3 96.7

61-70 2 1.3 1.3 98.0

36
 71-80 1 .7 .7 98.7

91-100 2 1.3 1.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above table there are 72 respondents who spend 1-10hours in a car per week, following 43
respondents spend 11-20hours in a car,14respondents spend 21-30hours and following 7,7,2,2,1,2 respondents
spend 31-40,41-50,51-60,61-70,71-80,91-100 spend accordingly.

37
10). is there anybody you know that drives an electric vehicle?

 yes
 NO
 Maybe

Is there anybody you know that drives an electric vehicle

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 51 34.0 34.0 34.0

yes 66 44.0 44.0 78.0

Valid
Maybe 33 22.0 22.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0


Interpretation: 66 respondents know the electric car drivers, 52respondents don’t know the ev drivers,
33respondents think maybe they know or don’t.
38
 11)If you know an electric car driver rate their satisfaction level out of 10
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
 10

you know an electric car driver rate their satisfaction level out of 10

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Dissatisfied 1 .7 .7 .7

Somewhat dissatisfied 23 15.3 15.3 16.0

quite dissatisfied 4 2.7 2.7 18.7

half satisfied 16 10.7 10.7 29.3

Valid quite satisfied 22 14.7 14.7 44.0

Somewhat satisfied 30 20.0 20.0 64.0

Fairly satisfied 37 24.7 24.7 88.7

Satisfied 17 11.3 11.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

39
Interpretation:37respondemts think they are fairly satisfied with the electric car,23 respondent think they are
somewhat dissatisfied with ev’s,30respondents think they are somewhat satisfied.22 feel they are quite satisfied and
17 fell they are fully satisfied.

12) Do you believe electric cars are a viable alternative to petrol/diesel cars?

 yes
 No
 May be

. Do you believe electric cars are a viable alternative to petrol/diesel cars?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 18 12.0 12.0 12.0

Yes 82 54.7 54.7 66.7

Valid
Maybe 50 33.3 33.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

40
 Interpretation:82 respondents think EV”S are the alternative for petrol/diesel cars ,18 people feel
they are not alternative and 50 respondents feel may be.

13) If an electric car was offered to you at the same price as its petrol/ diesel counterpart, would you buy
it?

 Yes
 No
 May be

. If an electric car was offered to you at the same price as its petrol/ diesel
counterpart, would you buy it?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

41
 No 26 17.3 17.3 17.3

Yes 60 40.0 40.0 57.3

Valid
Maybe 64 42.7 42.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation:64 respondents may be they go for EV’s at the same price ,60 respondents will go the EV’s at the same
price and 26 will not go for EV;s.

14). If a plug-in hybrid (needs external charging) car could run 50kms / day on electric
charge without consuming any other fuel, what would you buy?

 Yes
 NO
 May be

42
 .

If a plug-in hybrid (needs external charging) car could run 50kms / day on
electric charge without consuming any other fuel, what would you buy?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 25 16.7 16.7 16.7

Yes 65 43.3 43.3 60.0

Valid
Maybe 60 40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 65 respondents will go for the EV’s, 60 feel they may be going for and 25 will not go
for the vehicles.

15)Between electric and hybrid cars, which one does you, think is better?

43
  Electric car
 Hybrid car

Between electric and hybrid cars, which one does you, think is better

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Electric car 92 61.3 61.3 61.3

Valid Hybrid car 58 38.7 38.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 92 respondents will go for the electric car and 58 respondents will
go for hybrid vehicle.
44
 16)How much premium are you willing to pay for an electric/hybrid car over a petrol/diesel car?

 Less than 10Lakhs

 10-15Lakhs
 15-20LAkhs
 More than 20Lakhs

How much premium are you willing to pay for an electric/hybrid car over a petrol/diesel car

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Less than 10Lakhs 67 44.1 44.7 44.7

10-15Lakhs 46 30.3 30.7 75.3

Valid 15-20Lakhs 29 19.1 19.3 94.7

More than 20Lakhs 8 5.3 5.3 100.0

Total 150 98.7 100.0

Missing System 2 1.3

Total 152 100.0

45
 Interpretation: Among 150 respondents 67 respondents are willing got pay less than 10lakhs, 46
respondents are willing to pay 10-15lakhs, 29 are willing to pay 15-20lakhs and only 8 are ready to
pay more than 20lakhs.

17)What is the minimum driving range you’d be comfortable with in your electric car?

 100-200kms
 200-400kms
 400-500kms
 500-600kms


46
 What is the minimum driving range you’d be comfortable with in your electric
car?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

100-200kms 31 20.7 20.7 20.7

200-400 57 38.0 38.0 58.7

Valid 400-500 34 22.7 22.7 81.3

500-600 28 18.7 18.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

47
Interpretation: 200-400km range is most comfortable according to table as 57respondents have opted that, 400-
500km range is the 2nd highest comfortable range, 100-2—km range is the 3 rd rated comfortable range, and 500-
600km range is the 4th comfortable range says 28 respondents.

18)What is the most important feature, besides range, that you look for in an electric car?

 Comfort
 Price
 Power
 Design

What is the most important feature, besides range, that you look for in an
electric car?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Comfort 69 46.0 46.0 46.0

Price 25 16.7 16.7 62.7

Valid Power 43 28.7 28.7 91.3

Design 13 8.7 8.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

48
Interpretation: 69 respondents look for comfort in EV’s, 43 respondents go for power, 23 respondents will
consider price of the EV’s and 13 respondents will look design of the vehicle.

19).how much do you know about the Electric cars?

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5

how much do you know about the Electric cars

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Strongly disagree 6 3.9 3.9 3.9

Valid
disagree 14 9.2 9.2 13.2

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 neutral 48 31.6 31.6 44.7

agree 43 28.3 28.3 73.0

Strongly agree 41 27.0 27.0 100.0

Total 152 100.0 100.0

Interpretation:48 respondents they may be know aboutelectric vehicle but not completely they knew about it,43
respondents know about the electric vechicle,41 respondents strongly agree that they know about EV’s,14
respondents disagree that they don’t know about EV’s and 6 respondents strongly disagree that they don’t know
about it.

20).Do you think that electric cars are the best alternative for mobility?
 Yes-1
 No-0
 May be-3
 IN next five years-4
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  Others


Do you think that electric cars are the best alternative for mobility?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 8 5.3 5.3 5.3

Yes 45 30.0 30.0 35.3

Valid Maybe 79 52.7 52.7 88.0

IN next five years 18 12.0 12.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

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Interpretation: As per the above table 79 respondent think that nay be it is an alternative for mobility,45 people
feel yes it is an alternativefro mobility,18 feel in next five years it will be an alternative,8 think that it is not best for
mobility.

21).How proud you feel when you drive an Environmental free car? Rate it out of 10.
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
 10

.How proud you feel when you drive an Environmental free car? Rate it out of 10.

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 Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Least 1 .7 .7 .7

Less 2 1.3 1.3 2.0

Quite better 3 2.0 2.0 4.0

quite good 3 2.0 2.0 6.0

Somewhat proud 7 4.7 4.7 10.7

Valid better feel 9 6.0 6.0 16.7

has pride 27 18.0 18.0 34.7

proud full 38 25.3 25.3 60.0

absolutely proud 34 22.7 22.7 82.7

environmentally friendly 26 17.3 17.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

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Interpretation: 38 people feel proud full when they drive EV’S, 34 feel absolute proud, 27 has pride, and 26 feel
environmentally friendly.

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 FINDINGS

 Cost can be a major factor as most of the consumers are ready to pay around 5-15lakhs, only few people
are ready to go more than this.(obj2)
 Battery charging time is the biggest concern consumers are ready to wait from 2-6hours to fully charge
and less consumers can wait for 8hours.
 Still many people think that to build an have EV;s the technology will be available next five
years.(objective 1)
 Ev’s companies should advertise their cars so that everybody will come to know about the product, only
Mahindra and kona are popular among the consumers.(obj1)
 Most of the respondents are ready to purchase as soon as possible and also they are will to purchase the
in the next five years.
 Still many people not concerned about the environment.
 Among the users of EV’s many people somewhat dissatisfied about the product and some are fairly
satisfied with vehicles.(obj1)
 Majority of respondents feel that this is alternative vehicle over petrol/diesel vehicles.(obj1)
 If the EV’s are priced as same as the petrol diesel vehicles they will surely buy the product.(obj2)
 Still people are not ready to go for premium EV’s they can only go for 15lakhs premium.(obj2)
 Most comfortable battery range is around 400-500 and 200-400kms.(obj2)
 While making purchase of EV’s consumers will majorly consider Power and comfort in it.(obj2)
 Most of respondents know about electric vehicles.
 Most of therespondents’ are noir fully aware if the EV’s only some percent of they know completely.
 Most of the respondents agree it is the alternative for mobility.
 They get pride and fell environmentally friendly when they drive EV’s(obj1)

SUGGESTIONS
 If the price if the EV’s are priced between 5-15lakhs they we can see more sales so less pricing is suggested.

 More battery range is required so the companies should improve the battery range of the vehicle.

 More Power stations are to be installed every petrol bunks.

 Companies should focus on advertising and give knowledge about the EV’s.

 Consumers have positive attitude towards the EV’s.

 Mid priced vehicles will be attracting more.

 More power and comfort should be in vehicles, manufactures should think about it.

 Company should do the campaign to give knowledge about EV’s.

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 CONCLUSION
Every one nowadays think that electric cars were introduced in 21st century but the fact says that the very first small
electric cars were built in 1870s or later, this was built by an English inventor in 1884.An electric is automobile that is
propelled by one or more electric batteries. Electric cars were produced in 1870s but electric cars were popular in the
late 19th century and early 20th century.

Several National local governments have established government incentives for plug in electric cars tax credits,
subsidies and other incentives to. In 2013 India the government started faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid
and electric vehicles scheme which provides incentives for purchasing electric vehicles. In 2017 Transport minister
Nitin gad Kari announced that he intended for India to move 100% electric vehicles cars by 2030.

As of December 2019, the global stock of pure electric cars totaled almost 5 million unit.

Nowadays automobile industry is growing day by day and every person in the world wants to purchase a vehicle for
his mobility. Automobile industry trends are changing every now and then new source for vehicles that could petrol,
disel, gas or hybrid vehicles or the solar car.

But the trend that has amazed every person is the innovation of electric cars till now we have seen the electric trains

but now we could see buses and cars. So this study is done gain the knowledge and to know consumer attitude. Study

depends on the questionnaire that will be the primary data and secondary data as well. Analyzing the responses

research will be completed.

 Ev’s will be new trend in the automobile industry.

 During the next 10years we could see lot of EV’s on the road.

 People are ready to experience the ev’s.

 Cost ,Battery range and power stations could be the main factor.

 Consumer have an positive attitude towards ev.

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Abbreviations

EV’s-ELETRIC VEHICLES
BEV-BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHILCES.

REFERENCE

madichie, N. o. (2012). Consumer Attitude. Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited .
Marketsandmarkets. (Jun 2019 ). Electric Vehicle Market , : AT 4907.
Matulka, R. (2015). The Future of Electric Cars. The History of electric cars .
matulka, R. (2014). The History of the Electric Car. energy.gov.
Rais, A. (2018 ). India: The Rise of Electric Vehicles.
Rangarajan, S. (2019 ). Electric vehicle market in India: Evolution, challenges and solutions.
SRINATH MANDA, A. K. (2019). FUTURE TRENDS IN INDIAN MOBILITY.

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